The failure of an embryo to implant is a major cause of infertility. While IVF is an important intervention, still three quarters of embryos do not implant. We have identified new factors that we believe are critically important in embryo attachment to the womb. We will now prove whether these factors are critical and therefore provide the evidence required to begin to develop novel treatment options for infertility.
Female Reproductive Health Preservation By Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) And Sirtuin2 (SIRT2)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$410,983.00
Summary
Cancer treatment can be severely toxic to women’s eggs. Increasing numbers of women who survive cancer therefore become infertile and prematurely deprived of hormonal support whilst still in their reproductive years. This project will use state-of-the-art techniques to interrogate newly uncovered pathways that can protect eggs from treatment-induced injury thereby greatly improving the quality of life for female cancer survivors.
Mechanisms Of DNA Damage-induced Oocyte Apoptosis And Infertility: Examination Of The Role Of BH3-only Proteins.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$495,755.00
Summary
Our ability to prevent or postpone menopause following cancer treatment, is of great importance for female fertility, health and quality of life. We will demonstrate that the death gene of the Bcl-2 family of life and death genes, Puma, is responsible for killing female germ cells after damaging treatment. When Puma is absent, sufficient high quality germ cells are able to survive damaging treatment, allowing normal fertility in mice. The quality of these rescued germ cells will be analysed in d ....Our ability to prevent or postpone menopause following cancer treatment, is of great importance for female fertility, health and quality of life. We will demonstrate that the death gene of the Bcl-2 family of life and death genes, Puma, is responsible for killing female germ cells after damaging treatment. When Puma is absent, sufficient high quality germ cells are able to survive damaging treatment, allowing normal fertility in mice. The quality of these rescued germ cells will be analysed in detail.Read moreRead less
Facilitating Endometrial Receptivity To Improve Pregnancy Outcomes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$734,252.00
Summary
The womb prepares itself in each menstrual cycle for pregnancy and the implantation of an embryo. In some women, the endometrium may not prepare itself adequately and this can lead to infertility. We have identified small RNA that may be useful in predicting which women are not adequately prepared for implantation and may be used to develop treatments for infertile women, for which there are currently no treatments.
Interferon Epsilon, A Key Cytokine In The Pathophysiology Of The Female Reproductive Tract Mucosa
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$793,303.00
Summary
The female reproductive tract is a complex environment, which permits pregnancy but protects against infections, all under the influence of hormones and the resident microbial flora. We have discovered a novel protein called interferon epsilon that acts on cells in the female reproductive tract to regulate protection against infections. We aim to discover how this new protein works and will determine its therapeutic potential in infections and inflammatory diseases affecting women's health.
Male-female Sperm Signalling - A Novel Pathway For Peri-conceptual Health?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$674,920.00
Summary
This project will investigate a new biological process in reproduction, whereby sperm delivered to the cervix at coitus transmit signalling molecules called microRNAs that influence the female immune response, to increase the chances of conception and pregnancy. We will define the molecular details of this signalling pathway in mouse models, and then determine whether human sperm have a comparable function in ‘priming’ the female body to conceive.
Menstrual Fluid Factors In The Control Of Progestin Mediated Endometrial Bleeding
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$379,845.00
Summary
Uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives is the main reason for discontinuation of these highly effective items. For bleeding to occur the endometrial blood vessels and overlying epithelium must undergo simultaneous breakdown. We do not know the mechanism behind breakdown under progestin exposure. We propose novel directions to understand the molecular cues underlying epithelial fragility/breakdown and novel treatments to stop bleeding thus enhancing contraceptive complianc ....Uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives is the main reason for discontinuation of these highly effective items. For bleeding to occur the endometrial blood vessels and overlying epithelium must undergo simultaneous breakdown. We do not know the mechanism behind breakdown under progestin exposure. We propose novel directions to understand the molecular cues underlying epithelial fragility/breakdown and novel treatments to stop bleeding thus enhancing contraceptive compliance.Read moreRead less
Increasing The Use Of Long-acting Reversible Contraception: The Australian Contraceptive ChOice PRoject (ACCORd)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$726,144.00
Summary
Of all reversible contraceptive methods, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as intrauterine devices and hormone implants, are by far the most highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, the prescription and use of LARCs amongst Australian women who are at risk of pregnancy is very low. To increase the uptake of LARCs, our study will trial a complex intervention that involves providing counselling to women and developing rapid referral pathways to LARC insertion.
Izumo1 And Its Role In Male Infertility And Male Contraception
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$317,371.00
Summary
The project will study the role of the essential sperm-egg fusion protein Izumo1. Without some infertile men, this protein fails to move to the correct location in spermatozoa.
Manipulating Ovarian Follicle - Oocyte Communication To Control Reproductive Outcomes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$567,424.00
Summary
Ovarian follicles provide the environment supporting oocyte (egg) development. Communication between cells of the follicle and oocytes modulate this environment. We discovered new cell surface molecules that receive the signals from the oocyte and we identified a class of drug compounds that can modulate this signalling. This discovery offers a unique potential to therapeutically intervene in this signalling process and both improve infertility therapies and develop new non-steroidal contracepti ....Ovarian follicles provide the environment supporting oocyte (egg) development. Communication between cells of the follicle and oocytes modulate this environment. We discovered new cell surface molecules that receive the signals from the oocyte and we identified a class of drug compounds that can modulate this signalling. This discovery offers a unique potential to therapeutically intervene in this signalling process and both improve infertility therapies and develop new non-steroidal contraceptives.Read moreRead less