Understanding And Ameliorating The Human Health Effects Of Exposure To Air Pollution: From Knowledge To Policy And Public Health Practice
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,584,848.00
Summary
Urban consolidation and sprawl, traffic congestion, mining, climate change, heating and cooling living environments, and power generation – these manifestations of modernity produce regular headlines. Air pollution and its effects on human health are the focus of much popular concern. This CRE will build an integrated research capacity in the field of air pollution and its effects on human health that will allow Australia to address these major challenges - now and in the future.
Energy Transitions, Air Pollution And Health In Australia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,491,229.00
Summary
Emissions from burning biomass (including fossil fuels) are major features of our environment and are the 4th leading global risk factor for premature death. As countries shift their patterns of energy use in response to global warming, new challenges are emerging. Understanding this is crucial to our ability to maintain health and stability in uncertain times. This CRE will examine the health consequences of (1) fossil fuel combustion, (2) landscape fires and (3) alternatives to fossil fuels.
Centre Of Research Excellence In Infectious Diseases Modelling To Inform Public Health Policy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,600,064.00
Summary
Infectious diseases pose a global challenge, with substantial human and economic costs. Mathematical models provide valuable frameworks to assess likely benefits of interventions to control infection spread and burden. Leveraging existing NHMRC support, we will expand modeling capability to inform infectious disease control policy in Australia and our region. Focus areas include vaccine preventable disease, respiratory viruses and emerging pathogens, supported by innovative methods development.
Centre For Research Excellence In Total Joint Replacement OPtimising OUtcomes, Equity, Cost Effectiveness And Patient Selection (OPUS)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,500,000.00
Summary
Joint replacement surgery is one of the most successful surgeries performed in Australia and globally. With an ageing population, demand for this procedure will increase dramatically, placing burden on a constrained health system. This Centre targets the journey of patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, seeking to optimise patient safety and outcomes, in addition to improving efficiencies and equitablity of this important surgical procedure.
Food is the biggest issue for health on the planet. High levels of obesity and related illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer highlight the need for consumers to have better access to meaningful nutrition information across more food choice contexts. The substantial contribution of the food system to climate change means consumers, industry, and governments need information about which products are better or worse for the environment. This Centre will provide this information.
Centre Of Research Excellence For The Protection Of Pancreatic Beta Cells
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,607,110.00
Summary
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that results in the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. The overall aim of the CRE is to elucidate the gene-environment interactions and modifiable environmental exposures that are driving the development of islet autoimmunity and progression to T1D. The CRE will unify and add value to new and established collaborations with multi-disciplinary input from genomics, bioinformatics and systems biology into the investigation of T1D.
Diseases caused by the pneumococcus represent the largest cause of vaccine preventable death in the world today, mainly pneumonia and meningitis. In 2011, 16 developing countries will introduce pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, none in east Asia. Lack of research has been a major barrier to their use in the region. We have established an international centre of excellence in the field and we seek support to extend the capacity of this group and to transfer the technology to Vietnam.
The Centre For Research Excellence In Minimising Antibiotic Resistance For Acute Respiratory Infections [CREMARA]
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,455,000.00
Summary
Antibiotic resistance is threat to international health. Most antibiotics are prescribed for acute respiratory infections. The Centre for Research Excellence in Minimising Antibiotic Resistance for Acute Respiratory Infections focuses on the major contributors to resistance: antibiotic overuse and person-to-person transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. Research will inform the design, evaluation and translation of urgently needed interventions, aimed at clinicians, patients and policy-makers.
Centre For Research Excellence In Advanced Cardio-respiratory Therapies Improving OrgaN Support (ACTIONS)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,593,631.00
Summary
Artificial hearts and lungs are increasingly used to support our most critically ill patients. A greater understanding of patient-machine interaction is needed to maximise their life-preserving potential. ACTIONS CRE will research device-related complications, improve device components, develop clinical practice guidelines, train clinical and engineering researchers and explore the cost benefits of this technology ensuring all Australians can access state-of-the-art mechanical life support.