Hydrogel systems for effective encapsulation of functional pancreatic islet cells. This proposal addresses the problem of maintaining viability and function of cells encapsulated within an immuno-isolation barrier material. The research will develop biosynthetic materials that are able to meet design criteria for an effective biomaterial for this application. The major benefits to Australia will be in improved health outcomes by providing safer, more efficacious materials, economic growth develo ....Hydrogel systems for effective encapsulation of functional pancreatic islet cells. This proposal addresses the problem of maintaining viability and function of cells encapsulated within an immuno-isolation barrier material. The research will develop biosynthetic materials that are able to meet design criteria for an effective biomaterial for this application. The major benefits to Australia will be in improved health outcomes by providing safer, more efficacious materials, economic growth development of the Australian Medical Device industry and in high level training of researchers in this field.Read moreRead less
Molecular basis of G protein receptor-effector coupling in epithelial cells. Hundreds of extracellular stimuli act on specific receptors in the plasma membrane of cells resulting in an increase in intracellular calcium which acts as a second messenger to alter cell behaviour. There are, however, many receptors acting through a number of closely related proteins involving tightly regulated interactions which remain poorly understood. This project uses novel techniques to elucidate the molecular b ....Molecular basis of G protein receptor-effector coupling in epithelial cells. Hundreds of extracellular stimuli act on specific receptors in the plasma membrane of cells resulting in an increase in intracellular calcium which acts as a second messenger to alter cell behaviour. There are, however, many receptors acting through a number of closely related proteins involving tightly regulated interactions which remain poorly understood. This project uses novel techniques to elucidate the molecular basis for these interactions by identifying the roles individual proteins play in this complex process.Read moreRead less
Genome wide screening for gene products that regulate the celluar dynamics of lipid droplets. Obesity is a pandemic that if not stopped, will lead to huge social and economic problems in Australia. In essence, the hallmark of human obesity is the accumulation of cellular lipid droplets. This research will benefit Australia by providing a fundamental understanding of how lipid droplets are formed. This will have immediate international impact at the scientific level and will also provide novel ta ....Genome wide screening for gene products that regulate the celluar dynamics of lipid droplets. Obesity is a pandemic that if not stopped, will lead to huge social and economic problems in Australia. In essence, the hallmark of human obesity is the accumulation of cellular lipid droplets. This research will benefit Australia by providing a fundamental understanding of how lipid droplets are formed. This will have immediate international impact at the scientific level and will also provide novel targets and strategies for treating obesity. The proposed study will also benefit Australian agriculture by providing strategies to improve oil production from plant seeds. Read moreRead less
New methods to complete the lipidomics puzzle: revealing the structural diversity of lipids by mass spectrometry. Lipid-related disorders such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease are reaching epidemic proportions in the western world. The integration of innovative techniques will provide Australia with unique capabilities to investigate these diseases and place Australia at the forefront of lipid research internationally.
Mitochondrially targeted anti-cancer drugs modulate the mitochondrial genome. Successful cancer management requires novel therapeutical approaches. This project will test the effect of a new class of compounds that target mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cells, where they suppress expression of mitochondrial genes. By this mechanism, cancers that are resistant to apoptosis induction can be inhibited.
New insights into mammalian gene transcription - the role of parafibromin. Increasing our knowledge of fundamental gene and protein interactions is imperative as we move into an era of targetted molecular therapies to treat disease. Cancer is at the forefront of these diseases with hope of improved treatments firmly based in understanding the basic cell biology of tumours. This proposal describes research into a protein called parafibromin. We propose that parafibromin acts in major pathways res ....New insights into mammalian gene transcription - the role of parafibromin. Increasing our knowledge of fundamental gene and protein interactions is imperative as we move into an era of targetted molecular therapies to treat disease. Cancer is at the forefront of these diseases with hope of improved treatments firmly based in understanding the basic cell biology of tumours. This proposal describes research into a protein called parafibromin. We propose that parafibromin acts in major pathways responsible for how a cell manages stress by regulating levels of proteins involved in the cellular stress response. Discoveries made during the course of this research will provide knowledge of gene and protein interactions that will be important in the future to develop anti-cancer therapies. Read moreRead less
Novel platinum(IV) complexes that are targeted to and trapped by tumours and tumour cells. Platinum complexes continue to be a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumours and their combination with molecularly targeted agents selected for the type of tumour and the mutations identified is expected to lead to continued growth in their use. However, their toxicity remains a major impediment to their use and effectiveness and therefore, this project aims to develop less toxic analogues that are as l ....Novel platinum(IV) complexes that are targeted to and trapped by tumours and tumour cells. Platinum complexes continue to be a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumours and their combination with molecularly targeted agents selected for the type of tumour and the mutations identified is expected to lead to continued growth in their use. However, their toxicity remains a major impediment to their use and effectiveness and therefore, this project aims to develop less toxic analogues that are as least as effective as current drugs. This project will combine recent developments in stabilisation and cellular trapping of platinum(IV) pro-drugs with a range of strategies designed to limit activation of these pro-drugs to the tumour environment.Read moreRead less
A genetic analysis of the role of an atypical hexokinase in gene regulation. This project addresses a question which is relevant to all living things-how do changes in the environment of a cell bring about a change in gene expression? The aim of this project is to investigate the role of hexokinases in gene regulation by studying the Aspergillus nidulans xprF gene, which encodes an an unusual hexokinase. Hexokinases are thought to be the glucose sensors in plants, animals and fungi, and play a ....A genetic analysis of the role of an atypical hexokinase in gene regulation. This project addresses a question which is relevant to all living things-how do changes in the environment of a cell bring about a change in gene expression? The aim of this project is to investigate the role of hexokinases in gene regulation by studying the Aspergillus nidulans xprF gene, which encodes an an unusual hexokinase. Hexokinases are thought to be the glucose sensors in plants, animals and fungi, and play a role in the development of diabetes in humans. In plants, sugars affect many processes including growth, flowering, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, starch synthesis, pigmentation and response to pathogens.Read moreRead less
An investigation of respiration in stuttering. Australia leads the world in stuttering research, and this project will maintain that profile. The research aims to establish if breathing has a causal role in stuttering. The new knowledge produced will support or weaken current theories of the cause of stuttering and will contribute to understanding the nature of the disorder. In particular, it will be applied to develop more effective and efficient treatments for chronic stuttering.
Establishing the relationship between anxiety and stuttering. The present project will establish basic knowledge about the disorder of stuttering, which will contribute to offsetting the personal and community costs of the disorder by guiding empirical investigations into its nature and the development of future treatments. Further benefits at the population level will occur by provision to the public of basic information about the disorder assembled from this project. By conveying information f ....Establishing the relationship between anxiety and stuttering. The present project will establish basic knowledge about the disorder of stuttering, which will contribute to offsetting the personal and community costs of the disorder by guiding empirical investigations into its nature and the development of future treatments. Further benefits at the population level will occur by provision to the public of basic information about the disorder assembled from this project. By conveying information from the present project to clinicians who treat stuttering patients, the project will benefit Australians who stutter.Read moreRead less