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Human Hypothalamic Homologues To Autonomic Control Centres Identified In Rat And Monkey
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$358,770.00
Summary
The hypothalamus is a brain structure common to all mammals. Experiments on the rat have shown the hypothalamus to be fundamentally involved in cardiovascular control, fluid and electrolyte balance, food ingestion and energy metabolism, thermoregulatory and immune responses, and defensive-aggressive responses and reproduction. It is virtually impossible to perform functional studies in the human and, therefore, the human hypothalamic regions involved in these functions will be inferred from thei ....The hypothalamus is a brain structure common to all mammals. Experiments on the rat have shown the hypothalamus to be fundamentally involved in cardiovascular control, fluid and electrolyte balance, food ingestion and energy metabolism, thermoregulatory and immune responses, and defensive-aggressive responses and reproduction. It is virtually impossible to perform functional studies in the human and, therefore, the human hypothalamic regions involved in these functions will be inferred from their structural similarity to the centres identified in the rat. The present project will obtain structural-chemical data on the rat and monkey for the sole purpose of comparing these data with similar data on the human. The parts of the hypothalamus that deal with cardiovascular and other autonomic functions are expected to be similar in the rat and human and the present study will identify in the human all major regions that have been identified in the rat. The correspondence between an area in the rat brain and one in the human brain will be established primarily on the basis of chemical similarity. Corresponding areas tend to feature similar neurotransmitters, enzymes and other neuroactive substances. Some of the chemicals to be investigated are known to have a role in autonomic control. The chemical mapping study then serves two roles: (a) It permits the identification of the chemical profile (signature) of an area and consequently enables its identification in the human, and (b) it reveals the chemicals the area utilizes for possible theoretical and practical considerations. The present study will allow hypotheses derived from experimental work on the rat to be more meaningfully tested on humans. It will assist pathological and imaging investigations of the human brain.Read moreRead less
Early Detection Of MCI And Dementia Using Multidimensional Analysis Of Structural MRI By Computational Methods
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$583,601.00
Summary
Dementia in elderly is a major public health problem, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is even more common. We propose to use recent computational anatomy algorithms from our group to develop novel multidimensional imaging biomarkers for early detection of brain anatomical changes due to MCI-dementia. We aim at identifying early signatures of MCI-dementia, thus making early treatment possible. The completion of our research will provide clinicians with new methods for the early diagnosis.
Schizophrenia is classified among the world’s top ten enduring disabilities. Hearing voices are a profound and distressing symptom, which have proven difficult to successfully treat. We plan to use the latest brain imaging techniques and genetic testing to develop the most comprehensive understanding of hearing for voices to date. These data are vital to the development of novel tailored treatment for patients who hear voices.
Studies Of The Effects Of Asymmetric Hearing Loss On The Brain
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$920,076.00
Summary
Hearing loss impairs the normal development and maintenance of auditory pathways. Irreversible pathologies persist when hearing is not restored in a timely manner. While cochlear implantation is the accepted treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss, there is significant variability in outcomes. Some of this variability is linked to the degree of hearing asymmetry. Thus, we propose to study brain changes in the auditory system that accompany asymmetric hearing impairment.
Prof Paxinos ‘s work is involved in understanding brain organisation and function through the fusion of the fields of molecular genetics, comparative and developmental neuroanatomy and Neuro informatics
Caress The Detail: A Comprehensive MRI Atlas Of The In Vivo Human Brain
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$461,978.00
Summary
This project will construct a detailed MRI atlas of the living human brain. The atlas will be online and compatible with tablet computers to provide a convenient, powerful reference tool for researchers and clinicians. It is a collaboration between George Paxinos, a leader in brain cartography, and Mark Schira, an emerging scientist in MRI technology. They will use high resolution in vivo MR images obtained at the University of Queensland Centre for Advanced Imaging.
Understanding How The Brain Senses And Encodes Hunger And Satiety
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$473,477.00
Summary
Obesity is the most important health concern in the world today. Despite all the epidemiology evidence and despite the intervention approaches, obesity and type-2 diabetes continues to rise in Australia and worldwide. Clearly, a greater biological understanding of the mechanisms driving increased calorie intake and decreased calorie expenditure. This fellowship explores the different neural circuits in the brain and how they regulate motivation for food and food consumption