Assessing a model of the physiological changes at arousal from sleep. Arousals from sleep are common in the elderly and have adverse consequences. This project will investigate a model of the changes in bodily processes (muscle, brain and cardiovascular activation) that occur when humans awaken from sleep.
Breathing disturbances and reflexes in sleep and effects on sleep and daytime function. This project will investigate protective reflexes in sleep and the impact of breathing disturbances and frequent arousal on markers of brain functioning and health. This will also significantly advance the understanding of key mechanisms promoting unstable breathing in sleep and ill health and functioning from disturbed sleep.
Economic, social and cross cultural issues in non-pharmaceutical protection of front line responders to pandemic influenza and emerging infections. The protection of front line responders in a pandemic is essential to underpin an effective response. This research is the only work internationally which will address a key gap in evidence. This research has major implications for the national stockpile and for management of front line responders in a pandemic. These data are urgently needed, not ju ....Economic, social and cross cultural issues in non-pharmaceutical protection of front line responders to pandemic influenza and emerging infections. The protection of front line responders in a pandemic is essential to underpin an effective response. This research is the only work internationally which will address a key gap in evidence. This research has major implications for the national stockpile and for management of front line responders in a pandemic. These data are urgently needed, not just in Australia, but globally to inform pandemic planning and disease control policy around emerging infections and bioterrorism.Read moreRead less
Prof McEvoy a respiratory physician researching the causes and consequences of sleep breathing disorders. He has a particular research interest in the link between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease and in increasing access to care for sleep apnea sufferers through the development of new, simplified methods of diagnosis and management.
Increasing the utility of tetanus toxins by protein engineering. There are a variety of common diseases that are the result of muscular defects. Some of these may be able to be treated with an agent that increases muscle tone, thereby giving benefit to the patient in the alleviation of symptoms. This project aims to use some of the most potent substances known, bacterial toxins, and engineer them to be valuable agents for treatment of certain muscular disorders.
The Interactions Between Sleep Disordered Breathing, Metabolic Syndrome And Vascular Risk.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$361,030.00
Summary
We will look at two common diseases in the Australian community, the metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and explore the common links they have to the risk of disease of the heart and blood vessels. We will then take a group of patients who have both diseases, treat the OSA, and assess the impact of this treatment on their cardiovascular health. Metabolic syndrome is a term given to patients who have high blood sugar, obesity, high lipid levels and raised blood pressure. The A ....We will look at two common diseases in the Australian community, the metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and explore the common links they have to the risk of disease of the heart and blood vessels. We will then take a group of patients who have both diseases, treat the OSA, and assess the impact of this treatment on their cardiovascular health. Metabolic syndrome is a term given to patients who have high blood sugar, obesity, high lipid levels and raised blood pressure. The Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates that half the Australian population is overweight, and US studies suggest that nearly of the adult population has metabolic syndrome. This is strongly linked to diseases of the heart and blood vessels, eg heart attacks and stroke. Patients with OSA stop breathing during the night when their throat closes over. The blood oxygen falls, which causes the patient to wake momentarily, then start breathing again. This cycle repeats itself throughout the night. The usual treatment is an air pump (CPAP) connected to a nose mask, which blows air into the throat and prevents closure. This disease is strongly linked to high blood pressure, raised blood sugar levels and heart and blood vessel disease. Patients with the metabolic syndrome will have an overnight sleep study to diagnose OSA, giving the likelihood of having OSA in this group of patients. They will then have extensive investigations of the health of their heart and blood vessels. From these, we will determine which aspects of OSA are more likely to result in cardiovascular disease. Those patients diagnosed with OSA will be treated with CPAP for 3 months. Half the patients will receive normal CPAP; the other half will receive ineffective CPAP. They will then be re-tested and we will compare the results before and after treatment. Thus we will measure likelihood of OSA in this large group of patients, and the health benefits they may gain from treatment of their OSA.Read moreRead less
Preventing Complications Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$310,914.00
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease that affects smokers. Lung complications and complications in other organs occur commonly. This study will examine factors that lead to exacerbations of COPD, and test the effectiveness of early diagnosis of coronary artery disease using CT scans.
Rhinovirus impairs physiological and immunological lung development and causes exacerbation of allergic airways disease. Rhinovirus (RV) infections account for around 90 per cent of asthma exacerbations, yet the mechanisms behind this are unknown. This project will use mouse models to study the effects of early life RV infection and allergic sensitisation on respiratory and immunological development, with the expectation that early life RV infection disrupts anitgen presenting cell function.
Understanding the biology of reactive oxygen species. This project will utilise forefront technologies to identify and characterise fundamental biological processes involving toxic free radicals that cause infectious disease and cancer. The approach synergises with researchers across disciplines and universities to ultimately identify future drugs to improve and maintain health.