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Intellectual disability in courts and police cells. Benefit to the nation accrues because offenders with intellectual disability will be accurately identified early in their contact with the criminal justice system (CJS), and appropriate diversions from the CJS as well as rehabilitation programs can be implemented, thus producing cost-savings in all jurisdictions. The community benefits because offenders with ID can receive appropriate service provision, based on evidence provided by this study ....Intellectual disability in courts and police cells. Benefit to the nation accrues because offenders with intellectual disability will be accurately identified early in their contact with the criminal justice system (CJS), and appropriate diversions from the CJS as well as rehabilitation programs can be implemented, thus producing cost-savings in all jurisdictions. The community benefits because offenders with ID can receive appropriate service provision, based on evidence provided by this study. The individual's ties to the community will be maintained and on the community will be supported to assist the individual. Justice health systems, in staff management and training areas, will benefit. The outcomes will benefit educational programs for the judiciary, police and lawyers.Read moreRead less
Mechanism of transmission of calcium waves by glial cells. This research concerns determining the fundamental properties of cells that occupy about 70% of the brain, the glial cells. Two very important discoveries on glial cells have recently been made, namely that they can convey information in the form of patterns of waves and that they possess molecules on their surface membranes that have been implicated in psychotic disorders. One such molecule is called the D2 receptor and its malfunctioni ....Mechanism of transmission of calcium waves by glial cells. This research concerns determining the fundamental properties of cells that occupy about 70% of the brain, the glial cells. Two very important discoveries on glial cells have recently been made, namely that they can convey information in the form of patterns of waves and that they possess molecules on their surface membranes that have been implicated in psychotic disorders. One such molecule is called the D2 receptor and its malfunctioning has been implicated in schizophrenia. Our research will determine the way in which information is propagated in the glial system of the brain and also illuminate the function of several of the molecules found on the surface of the glial cells.Read moreRead less
Neuron-microglia signalling mechanisms. This research concerns determining the fundamental mechanisms by which one of the principal non-neuronal cells in the brain , the microglial cell, interacts with neurons to change their properties. The correct functioning of neural networks is necessary for our normal behaviour. Such networks can be disrupted and indeed destroyed by the release of inflammatory molecules from microglial cells. In this work the way in which anti-inflammatory molecules are re ....Neuron-microglia signalling mechanisms. This research concerns determining the fundamental mechanisms by which one of the principal non-neuronal cells in the brain , the microglial cell, interacts with neurons to change their properties. The correct functioning of neural networks is necessary for our normal behaviour. Such networks can be disrupted and indeed destroyed by the release of inflammatory molecules from microglial cells. In this work the way in which anti-inflammatory molecules are released from the microglia will be elucidated, thus providing insight into how to prevent the destructive actions of the inflammatory molecules on the nervous system. Read moreRead less
Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL0992409
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,996,243.00
Summary
The neural bases of decision-making. This research focuses on the neural bases of decision making, a general capacity affected by normal ageing, disorders associated with neurodegeneration including dementia, major psychiatric conditions and drug addiction. Changes in the neural systems that result in the cognitive and emotional dissociation reflected in these disorders constitute the highest health, economic and social capital attrition burden to Australia of any disease group, a burden that is ....The neural bases of decision-making. This research focuses on the neural bases of decision making, a general capacity affected by normal ageing, disorders associated with neurodegeneration including dementia, major psychiatric conditions and drug addiction. Changes in the neural systems that result in the cognitive and emotional dissociation reflected in these disorders constitute the highest health, economic and social capital attrition burden to Australia of any disease group, a burden that is only predicted to increase as the population ages. Understanding these changes in neural systems and their specific behavioural effects is, therefore, of critical importance and will ultimately provide new targets for treatment and rehabilitation.Read moreRead less
People with Mental Health Disorders and Cognitive Disabilities in the Criminal Justice System. Over 40 000 people are imprisoned in Australia each year, almost half of them in NSW. 40% males and 60% females involved in the NSW CJS have a MHD or CD with many having a dual diagnosis. The appropriateness of the arrest and imprisonment of many people with MHDCD is currently of serious public, social and professional concern. Interventions are hampered by lack of an overall and longitudinal appreciat ....People with Mental Health Disorders and Cognitive Disabilities in the Criminal Justice System. Over 40 000 people are imprisoned in Australia each year, almost half of them in NSW. 40% males and 60% females involved in the NSW CJS have a MHD or CD with many having a dual diagnosis. The appropriateness of the arrest and imprisonment of many people with MHDCD is currently of serious public, social and professional concern. Interventions are hampered by lack of an overall and longitudinal appreciation of the CJS's impact upon and interaction with such people.This study will provide integrated information for the first time in Australia and give CJS and human service agencies a coherent picture of the involvement of people with MHDCD in the CJS, which will assist development of new interventions to address duty of care and human rights.Read moreRead less
Imaging genetics in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: shared neurocognitive endophenotypes. Combined, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder afflict approximately 506,000 Australians at any one time, and are leading causes of disability and national economic burden. This study will delineate genetic underpinnings for these conditions in association with specific neurocognitive dysfunctions that are common to both disorders. These findings have important implications for the implementation of perso ....Imaging genetics in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: shared neurocognitive endophenotypes. Combined, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder afflict approximately 506,000 Australians at any one time, and are leading causes of disability and national economic burden. This study will delineate genetic underpinnings for these conditions in association with specific neurocognitive dysfunctions that are common to both disorders. These findings have important implications for the implementation of personalised pharmaceutical treatments on the basis of genotype, and the development of therapeutic agents to target cognitive function. These results will also aid detection of premorbid psychotic illness in young individuals who may benefit from early intervention that may thwart the illness trajectory. Read moreRead less