Assess The Feasibility Of Holding The 12th International Conference And Workshop On Lobster Biology And Management In Perth Western Australia In 2020
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$205,000.00
Summary
The International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology began in 1977 when a group of 37 lobster biologists from 6 countries met in Perth, Australia to discuss and compare their work on lobster ecology, physiology, and early stock management protocols, and to find common themes amongst the different species that were commercially fished.
These conferences are held every 3 to 5 years and try to alternate from the northern to southern hemispheres. Participation has risen and held ....The International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology began in 1977 when a group of 37 lobster biologists from 6 countries met in Perth, Australia to discuss and compare their work on lobster ecology, physiology, and early stock management protocols, and to find common themes amongst the different species that were commercially fished.
These conferences are held every 3 to 5 years and try to alternate from the northern to southern hemispheres. Participation has risen and held at approximately 200 people from 20 countries. Subsequent ICWLs have been held in Saint Andrews, Canada (1985); La Habana, Cuba (1990); Sanriku, Japan (1993); Queenstown, New Zealand (1997); Key West, Florida USA (2000); Hobart, Australia (2004); Charlottetown, PEI, Canada (2007); Bergen, Norway (2011); and Cancun, Mexico (2014). This year it will be held in Portland, Maine USA (4-9 June 2017).
The tangible impact of these conferences is in the network of international collaborations they spawn and the resulting peer-reviewed publications in the conference proceedings and book chapters. There is synergy in the exchange of ideas and knowledge amongst biologists, managers, fishermen, and dealers from different parts of the world as we face the challenges of a changing environment and a global economy.
The Western Rock Lobster Council and Department of Fisheries, Western Australia (DoF) have stewardship of Australia's largest lobster fishery, the research and management of which is considered to be world class. They see that this may be an important part of their plans for a Lobster CRC.
The 12th ICWL currently does not have a venue and it is due to be held in the southern hemisphere in 2020.
Objectives: 1. Assess the feasibility of convening the 12th International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management (ICWL) in Perth Western Australia Read moreRead less
Novel Fishery Independent, Biological And Economic-processing Methods To Underpin Expansion Of Australia's Fastest Growing Fishery, The Western Rock Octopus
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$650,260.00
Summary
The Western Rock Octopus fishery has become Australia’s fastest growing fishery, with a 5-year average growth of 50% per annum between 2017 and 2022. Despite this expansion, there are still significant gaps in knowledge and practice that do not allow this fishery to grow and develop in an optimum sustainable and socio-economic manner. This project will fill the information gaps and develop pro-active management and economic policy settings that facilitate a comprehensive development of the fishe ....The Western Rock Octopus fishery has become Australia’s fastest growing fishery, with a 5-year average growth of 50% per annum between 2017 and 2022. Despite this expansion, there are still significant gaps in knowledge and practice that do not allow this fishery to grow and develop in an optimum sustainable and socio-economic manner. This project will fill the information gaps and develop pro-active management and economic policy settings that facilitate a comprehensive development of the fishery to its natural capacity. It meets FRDCs two main outcomes of the 2020-2025 R&D plan; growth for enduring prosperity, best practices and production systems, and also meets Enabling Strategy IV: Building capacity and capability. Objectives: 1. Quantify species mix, growth, population connectivity, and reproduction of the unexplored South Coast and deep-water West Coast stocks of Octopus djinda. 2. Develop and test an octopus trap mounted camera system as fishery independent survey tool for density, bycatch, habitat, and environmental data. 3. Develop a bioeconomic model for octopus fishery management and expansion in Australia. Read moreRead less
Determination Of The Impacts Of Direct Harvest Of Coral Species In Northern Australia
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$360,000.00
Summary
Australia’s aquarium fisheries are high value (GVP >$20 million), small scale fisheries that rely on exporting CITES listed corals for profitability and viability. The Australian government requires fisheries collecting and exporting these species to demonstrate that their harvest is sustainable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in order to meet Australia's obligations under CITES. In the absence of empirical evidence, precautionary harvest l ....Australia’s aquarium fisheries are high value (GVP >$20 million), small scale fisheries that rely on exporting CITES listed corals for profitability and viability. The Australian government requires fisheries collecting and exporting these species to demonstrate that their harvest is sustainable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in order to meet Australia's obligations under CITES. In the absence of empirical evidence, precautionary harvest limits are set on all coral species, and monitored and reported by NT Fisheries to the Commonwealth Department of Environment and Energy (DoEE), to fulfil EPBC requirements. Increased global demand for valuable coral species presents an opportunity for licenced fishers to develop new and existing international markets. However, in order to increase harvest limits, evidence is required to reinforce that the harvest and subsequent export will not have a detrimental effect on the population status of the species (CITES non-detriment finding). Any supporting non-detriment finding must be corroborated with new empirical evidence on the impacts of harvesting corals. The FRDC project ‘Establishing baselines and assessing vulnerability of commercially harvested corals across northern Australia’ (FRDC 2014-029) (currently underway) attempts to address some of these issues including taxonomy, abundance and distribution of key coral species but fails to address the long-standing concern of the impacts of coral harvesting. Understanding and quantifying the impacts of harvesting coral has the potential for providing the greatest benefit to industry. The specific need is to investigate the extent of recovery (or not) of key species of Scleractinian (hard) corals harvested at the level of individual colonies over an appropriate temporal scale. Members of the A12 Aquarium display fishery are supportive of this project and will be actively involved in assisting with data collection. This project directly addresses the NT Research Advisory Committee priority ‘Impact of harvesting key species of Scleractinian (hard) corals in the Northern Territory’.
Objectives: 1. Establish a monitoring program involving commercial fishers to determine the impacts of harvest on key coral species. 2. Improve the accuracy of coral species identification through the development of an NT identification guide. 3. Assess reproductive modes, and establish rates of recruitment for commercially important Northern Territory corals. Read moreRead less
Developing A Positive Cultural Attitude Towards The Capture And Release Of Sharks And Rays
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$358,968.00
Summary
Recently, PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture (PIRSA F and A) identified the need to develop a recreational fishery- and research-supported program that combines new communication strategies and evidence-based CoP development to disseminate information relevant to supporting the management of recreational fisheries for sharks and rays. The priority identified was to improve education and awareness among the recreational fishers in relation to ethical capture, handling and release practices for shark ....Recently, PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture (PIRSA F and A) identified the need to develop a recreational fishery- and research-supported program that combines new communication strategies and evidence-based CoP development to disseminate information relevant to supporting the management of recreational fisheries for sharks and rays. The priority identified was to improve education and awareness among the recreational fishers in relation to ethical capture, handling and release practices for sharks and rays. Examples of this approach were undertaken in the United States (NOAA), Australia (TAFI and SARDI) and Hawaii (NOAA), where recreational groups have contributed to research activities to assess PRS and use the information to educate other fishers about specific issues related to fisheries for shark species. This proactive approach could be applied to shark and ray species that are priorities for management and taken as bycatch, or targeted by recreational and gamefishing anglers across southern Australia. Correspondence with research colleagues in Victoria and NSW, and fishery stakeholders, identified a need to review, improve and rationalise guidelines for capture, handling and release of sharks and rays, and highlighted data gaps for key species. A field-based quantitative study of the PRS of selected target priority species will be designed during a workshop in 2019, led by SARDI and CSIRO, with support of a linked FRDC-funded project (2018-042) in Victoria (Monash University). The overarching aim is to inform the development of capture, handling and release guidelines and CoPs for sharks and rays that apply to the range of fishing situations across southern Australia. The SARDI and Monash-based projects address region-specific needs and will co-manage the workshop (See suppl. letter). This will include engagement between government agencies, NGOs, and fishers to understand the relative susceptibilities of target species to handling, and expected impacts of gear configuration on PRS. Research outcomes of the broader project will be coupled with public and fishery feed-back strategies (e.g. expansion of a tagging program) to address the management and perception issues.
Objectives: 1. Facilitate a national workshop to identify priority species and operational factors to investigate during studies aimed at informing sustainable recreational fisher practices for sharks and rays. 2. Use web-supported telemetry technology, and direct engagement of recreational fishers to collect post-release survival data on the priority species within a structured case-study framework. 3. To support positive and sustainable cultural attitudes towards sharks and rays through the production of evidence-based educational material to inform sustainable recreational fisher practices. Read moreRead less
Where Should I Farm My Oysters? Does Natural Cadmium Distribution Restrict Oyster Farm Site Selection In The Northern Territory?
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$123,272.00
Summary
RD&E that addresses critical hurdles to Aboriginal capacity and enterprise development (e.g. quality assurance strategies) have been identified as priority areas of the NT RAC and the Indigenous Reference Group (IRG). NT Fisheries has been conducting research to support Aboriginal aspirations to establish tropical oyster farms in the Northern Territory (NT).
Heavy metals have been a longstanding concern as an impediment to the development of a tropical oyster industry. Cadmium (Cd) bioa ....RD&E that addresses critical hurdles to Aboriginal capacity and enterprise development (e.g. quality assurance strategies) have been identified as priority areas of the NT RAC and the Indigenous Reference Group (IRG). NT Fisheries has been conducting research to support Aboriginal aspirations to establish tropical oyster farms in the Northern Territory (NT).
Heavy metals have been a longstanding concern as an impediment to the development of a tropical oyster industry. Cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulates in the tissue of oysters, and unlike E. coli or toxic algae, has a long depuration period. As a result Cd levels are a major determining factor on the saleability of farmed tropical oysters. McConchie, D.M & Lawrance, L.M (1991) and FRDC Project 2012-223 identified high Cd concentrations, which varied considerably across locations and water depth, in blacklip oysters (Saccostrea echinata) at location in Shark Bay, WA and South Goulburn Island, NT respectively. Following these projects naturally occurring heavy metals have been a presumed barrier to the establishment of an oyster industry in the NT, due predominantly to the exceedance of Cd trigger levels in the Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ).
However, recent testing on market sized oysters farmed on long line trials at Pirlangimpi on Tiwi Islands have not shown high heavy metal concentrations and complied with the FSANZ. This suggests that Cd exceedance may not be an issue in all locations. We propose a multi-location survey of blacklip oyster (Saccostrea echinata) heavy metal concentrations across the NT to identify the best locations for commercialisation of this emerging aquaculture species. With the aim of identifying locations, like Pirlangimpi, that could produce oysters that comply with the Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ). The results are needed to inform the development of a NT tropical oyster industry and the establishment of a NT shellfish quality assurance program. Objectives: 1. Map the distribution and concentration of Cadmium in wild blacklip oysters across the Northern Territory. 2. Aboriginal communities better understand the role of shellfish quality assurance programs and the implications of Cadmium on oyster farming. 3. Risks associated with Cadmium are better understood and inform the development of a NT Shellfish Quality Assurance Program. 4. Knowledge is shared and retained through Aboriginal participation in the research project. Read moreRead less
Evaluation Of A Smart-phone Application To Collect Recreational Fishing Catch Estimates, Including An Assessment Against An Independent Probability Based Survey, Using South Australia As A Case Study
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$1,000,000.00
Summary
There is need to collect accurate and robust information on recreational fishing levels to inform fisheries management. Recreational fishing estimates are critical to ensure sustainable harvest of community owned fisheries resources. In South Australia, established Fishery Management Plans are in place and recreational catch must be monitored to ensure that the sector is operating within its allocated shares of the resource. Recent changes to the availability of traditional sampling frames and s ....There is need to collect accurate and robust information on recreational fishing levels to inform fisheries management. Recreational fishing estimates are critical to ensure sustainable harvest of community owned fisheries resources. In South Australia, established Fishery Management Plans are in place and recreational catch must be monitored to ensure that the sector is operating within its allocated shares of the resource. Recent changes to the availability of traditional sampling frames and shifts in the way the people communicate mean that it is becoming increasingly cost-prohibitive to undertake surveys using the established methodology. There is a need to re-evaluate how recreational fishing catch and effort is assessed and to develop revised survey methodologies using the latest survey tools and techniques.
Smartphone applications may provide a cost-effective method to collect information on recreational catch. However, as most apps are self-selected, sampling is non-probability based and it is not possible to calculate confidence intervals or margins of error. There is a need to compare app-based data with traditional phone-diary surveys to compare estimates and evaluate the accuracy of the results measured relative to independent population benchmarks. The outputs from this project will provide valuable information to other jurisdictions who have existing apps or are looking to implement an app.- based survey
Objectives: 1. To design and implement a survey of South Australian recreational fishers to determine participation and catch and effort levels for key species. 2. To evaluate the differences and in recreational catch estimates from smart-phone applications and traditional phone diary surveys. 3. To explore whether smart-phone applications can be feasibility integrated into future recreational fishing surveys. 4. To measure the accuracy of catch estimates from smart-phone applications relative to independent population benchmarks. 5. To outline the policy and regulatory needs and implications of implementing a smart phone based reporting app. Read moreRead less
Drawing Strength From Each Other: Simulation Testing Of Australia’s Abalone Harvest Strategies
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$616,001.00
Summary
All Australian abalone harvest strategies use empirical approaches heavily supported by CPUE based indicators that reflect tensions between producing harvest strategies that work at both larger management scales and that account for local scale population dynamics. All harvest strategies apply a weight of evidence approach that is generally not clearly codified. However, the different harvest strategies lead to very disparate ways of setting catches, with some adjusting catch based on relative p ....All Australian abalone harvest strategies use empirical approaches heavily supported by CPUE based indicators that reflect tensions between producing harvest strategies that work at both larger management scales and that account for local scale population dynamics. All harvest strategies apply a weight of evidence approach that is generally not clearly codified. However, the different harvest strategies lead to very disparate ways of setting catches, with some adjusting catch based on relative performance of indicators, while others assume a direct relationship between CPUE and sustainable catch. These contrasting approaches have developed despite managing essentially the same group of species caught with the same gear type and from similar reef environments. This project will therefore test each of the presently used harvest strategies to draw out their strengths and weaknesses in a common platform.
Only the Victorian Western Zone and Tasmanian harvest strategies have been simulation tested. The MSE models used in each, due to funding and time constraints, have been developed in a way that means that portability across jurisdiction is time consuming and costly. As such, this project will address the need to write MSE code that will be usable for the future and in other jurisdictions. It will then test this code on two abalone stocks, one blacklip and one greenlip, to assist in this need for code generality. The final product will be freely available on a version control site such as GitHub with detailed guides on how it is best used.
Objectives: 1. Undertake Management Strategy Evaluation testing of each jurisdiction’s current abalone harvest strategies in Australia. 2. Contrast harvest strategy performance under a common dynamic range of stock types, with and without conflicting indicators 3. Provide guidance on what constitutes best approaches to using empirical abalone harvest strategies 4. Provide fully documented open-source R package for other MSE expert’s use 5. Provide advice on how best to include additional indicators Read moreRead less
Post-graduate Support To Develop Science To Support Red Sea Urchin Fisheries
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$75,000.00
Summary
Red Sea Urchin is a recreational and commercial hand-collected species along the coast of south-eastern Australia. The species likely has long life spans, comparatively narrow environmental tolerances, and despite having planktonic larvae and ample habitat may have limited recruitment in southern NSW due to the cold intolerance of the larvae (Byrne et al., 2022). With climate warming and more favourable thermal conditions for larvae and adults, Red Urchins may increase along the NSW south coa ....Red Sea Urchin is a recreational and commercial hand-collected species along the coast of south-eastern Australia. The species likely has long life spans, comparatively narrow environmental tolerances, and despite having planktonic larvae and ample habitat may have limited recruitment in southern NSW due to the cold intolerance of the larvae (Byrne et al., 2022). With climate warming and more favourable thermal conditions for larvae and adults, Red Urchins may increase along the NSW south coast. Unfortunately, the demography, potential recruitment and connectivity of the species is not known.
The Red Sea Urchin resource has been supported by a SUTS closure network since 1994, but there is no long-term knowledge on how this affects populations or what protection it offers for the stock . Limited reproductive information means we are unable to estimate a suitable size at first capture for the species, and current fisheries management provisions may not sustainably maximise productivity . In addition, the impacts of ocean warming on Red Sea Urchin distributions remain unknown. The SUTS closures have recently been opened to harvesting of Centrostephanus rodgersii, thereby also affording an important opportunity to investigate potential ecological interactions between these two species.
The biological and ecological data gaps related to the Red Sea Urchin fishery must be addressed to support sustainable management of this resource over the long term, and ensure that the fishery remains productive, commercially profitable, and capable of supporting cultural and recreational fishing needs. This project will address biological and ecological knowledge gaps to support management of the Red Sea Urchin Fishery by:
• Characterising the Red Sea Urchin demography across SE Australia, including associated spatial variation such as that inside and outside SUTS closures ; • Estimating reproductive parameters (size, age, roe quantity and quality) for Red Sea Urchin in SE Australia, including associated spatial variation such as that inside and outside SUTS closures; • Quantifying ecological relationships between Red Sea Urchins (density, size) and environmental conditions (depth, substrate, relief, temperature) and with respect to co-distributed Long Spined Sea Urchin • Predicting the impacts of ocean warming on Red Sea Urchin populations with comparative data for the Long Spined Sea Urchin; and • Modelling larval dispersal potential of the Red Sea Urchin, particularly for larvae originating from within SUTS closures, to determine if they act as sources for adjacent fished areas .
Objectives: 1. Assess the long-term effects and status of SUTS closures on the size, densities and roe quality of theRed Sea Urchin; 2. Identify key habitats and distribution of the Red Sea Urchin through ecological relationships between the urchin and various environmental factors; 3. Determine if the SUTS closures may offer an advantage to the fishery by providing greater capacity to replenish adjacent reefs with larvae; 4. Predict the impacts of ocean warming on Red Sea Urchin populations 5. Assess the effects of harvesting Longspined Urchin in SUTS closures on the Red Urchin, Spiny Urchin, Turban Shells, Abalone, and Kelp Read moreRead less
Assessing Egg Oiling As A Long Term Management Tool For Overabundant Silver Gull Populations Interacting With Southern Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture Operations
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$560,056.00
Summary
Agencies responsible for management of the aquaculture industry in collaboration with industry stakeholders are committed to incorporating principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) into aquaculture regulatory processes (Fletcher 2004). One of the key objectives of ESD is "to protect biological diversity and maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems". Addressing the ecological impacts of an overabundant legacy population of Silver Gulls in close proximity to ....Agencies responsible for management of the aquaculture industry in collaboration with industry stakeholders are committed to incorporating principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) into aquaculture regulatory processes (Fletcher 2004). One of the key objectives of ESD is "to protect biological diversity and maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems". Addressing the ecological impacts of an overabundant legacy population of Silver Gulls in close proximity to tuna operations in Port Lincoln has been identified as a priority by ASBTIA, in consultation with DEW and PIRSA, to address this ESD objective.
The project is a collaboration between resource management agencies and the tuna aquaculture industry in Port Lincoln. It seeks to expand on the research of Harrison (2010) to assess a three-year trial of Silver Gull egg oiling on selected off-shore islands near Port Lincoln and its impact on local reproductive success and population numbers of Silver Gulls. In doing so it aims to assess the efficacy of egg oiling as a possible management technique to control growth of Silver Gull populations and thereby reduce the current detrimental economic, social and environmental impacts associated with recent increases in Silver Gull numbers in the Port Lincoln region.
Information provided through the research project will inform any ongoing monitoring and management of over-abundant Silver Gull populations within the frameworks of the region's National Park Management Plans and within PIRSA Aquaculture policy objectives. The efficacy of egg oiling and indices measured in the project will also be assessed to provide guidance on any future egg oiling management intervention.
Objectives: 1. Undertake a review and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of over-abundant seabird population management strategies. This will be a project Stop/Go point to assess whether egg oiling provides the best management option for Silver Gull population control, and will determine whether the project proceeds as planned. 2. Estimate Silver Gull population size and structure through counts of breeding pairs (nest) and juveniles at up to five islands near Southern Bluefin Tuna aquaculture operations. Compare estimates with historical information for population trend analyses. 3. Obtain estimates of breeding success from oiled (treated) versus non-oiled (control) Silver Gull nests for use in population modelling. 4. Quantify short term effects of egg oiling on juvenile abundance, through measurement of the ratio of juvenile to adult Silver Gulls present at Southern Bluefin tuna aquaculture farms over three years and assess this indicator's efficacy in providing evidence of egg oiling management. 5. Assess Silver Gull breeding schedules, movement and habitat use within the study area. 6. Develop population models to assess the sensitivity of Silver Gull populations to reductions in breeding success from egg oiling and inform ongoing management targets for Silver Gull population numbers. Read moreRead less
Implementation Of Dynamic Reference Points And Harvest Strategies To Account For Environmentally-driven Changes In Productivity In Australian Fisheries
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$552,027.00
Summary
Recently, the risks resulting from not accounting for variability in productivity have become translated into potential risks associated with environmentally driven trends in recruitment, particularly the risk created by ongoing declines in recruitment (and/or growth) driven by climate-change induced trends in water temperature, weather and current patterns.
A number of southeast Australia fish stocks have failed to 'recover' following substantial reductions in catch and effort, and a n ....Recently, the risks resulting from not accounting for variability in productivity have become translated into potential risks associated with environmentally driven trends in recruitment, particularly the risk created by ongoing declines in recruitment (and/or growth) driven by climate-change induced trends in water temperature, weather and current patterns.
A number of southeast Australia fish stocks have failed to 'recover' following substantial reductions in catch and effort, and a number of research projects have concluded that some of these have undergone an environmentally-driven reduction in productivity. A productivity shift has already been demonstrated for Eastern Jackass Morwong, with the stock-recruit relationship and reference points being adjusted to reflect this change. Ecosystem and climate-change modelling have predicted increasing likelihood of similar changes in productivity for a number of Australian fish stocks.
Current harvest strategies assume either equilibrium or some average B0, and associated target (B48) and limit (B20) reference points. Use of equilibrium B0-based reference points and harvest strategies do not correctly reflect the natural dynamics of stocks where productivity changes. This can lead to sub-optimal management, either over-utilising a reduced productivity stock or under-utilising an increased productivity stock. In contrast, reference points based on some proportion of naturally variable unfished biomass (Bunfished or dynamic B0) will fluctuate to follow environmentally-driven productivity changes. Dynamic reference points have been evaluated and adopted for a number of international fisheries.
The need to adapt stock assessment methods and harvest strategies to explicitly and justifiably account for shifts in productivity has been recognised by the AFMA Resource Assessment Group for the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF), not least as a result of clearly evident declines in biomass (Jackass Morwong, Redfish) or recruitment (Silver Warehou) that cannot be attributed to fishing under current productivity assumptions.
Objectives: 1. To review relevant international research and management approaches to account for environmentally-driven productivity change in stock assessments, reference points and harvest strategies for selected Australian fish stocks. 2. To identify and describe circumstances and fish stocks for which dynamic reference points should or should not be used in stock assessments and harvest strategies, and develop appropriate methodology for conducting assessments using dynamic reference points. 3. To identify selected candidate fish stocks showing likely environmentally-driven productivity change, conduct comparative assessments for these stocks using equilibrium and dynamic reference points, and prepare a candidate harvest strategy that includes dynamic reference points for testing in the FRDC Multi-Species Harvest Strategy project. 4. To make recommendations on future implementation of dynamic reference points and harvest strategies for Australian fish stocks. 5. To develop and improve methods for detecting and quantifying changes in productivity (growth and recruitment) in stock assessments, to relate these to environmental mechanisms causing productivity changes, and to evaluate data needs, including environmental indices, required to usefully detect and evaluate productivity change under various circumstances. 6. To consider and evaluate options for effective harvest control rules, incorporating dynamic reference points, that might appropriately respond to changes in fish stock productivity, including environmentally driven trends in productivity. 7. To identify environmental circumstances and fish stock characteristics under which it would be appropriate and advisable to move to using assessments and management approaches incorporating dynamic productivity and reference points, vs. stocks for which dynamic approaches offer no benefit compared to existing equilibrium approaches. 8. To make recommendations on future stock assessment approaches, data requirements, harvest control rules and management approaches incorporating environmental indicators, dynamic productivity and dynamic reference points for Australian fish stocks. Read moreRead less