Use Of Snake Venom Prothrombin Activators In Blood Collection Tubes To Produce High Quality Serum To Improve Patient Outcomes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$284,706.00
Summary
The timely availability of high quality serum and plasma samples are of the utmost importance for accurate biochemical analysis in a clinical setting. This requirement is particularly true for patients on anti-clotting therapeutic agents such as warfarin and heparin. In this study we will employ potent prothrombin activators purified from snake venom to enhance the clotting efficiency of blood for serum preparation for biochemical analysis.
Ultrasonic Blood Pressure Measurement On Implanted Biomedical Surfaces
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$170,250.00
Summary
The project would develop a prototype device reporting blood pressure on a biomedical implant surface. The device would extract data in real time from a standard ultrasound scanner that images the implant. The School of Mathematical Sciences at Monash University will be contracted to develop this ultrasound pressure sensor.
New Dynamometric Techniques For Predicting Glaucoma Progression
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$171,825.00
Summary
Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness in our community. The biggest risk factor for glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure. However, the exact cause of the disease remains unknown. Through our basic science studies in animals we have discovered that changes in blood flow in the vessels at the optic disk may be involved in the disease process. In recent clinical trials we discovered that the presence or absence of pulsations in the retinal veins at the disk was both an indicator of severity and ....Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness in our community. The biggest risk factor for glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure. However, the exact cause of the disease remains unknown. Through our basic science studies in animals we have discovered that changes in blood flow in the vessels at the optic disk may be involved in the disease process. In recent clinical trials we discovered that the presence or absence of pulsations in the retinal veins at the disk was both an indicator of severity and progression of glaucoma. This is a major breakthrough because there is no other means of predicting in which glaucoma patients vision loss will develop most rapidly. This information will be very helpful in deciding which patients should have the most agressive treatment to restore normal intraocular pressure. This project seeks to develop a new commercial device to make such an examination easy for any clinical ophthalmologist. The device allows the doctor to examine the vessels at the disk whilst applying slight pressure to the eye to temporarily raise intraocular pressure. A footswitch is pressed when the doctor sees the vessels pulsate. The required force is recorded by a laptop computer and the data stored along with the patients details. Now we have confirmed the ability of such a measurement to predict the rate of visual field loss in glaucoma, such a measurement will become much more widespread in clinical ophthalmology, offering a new and large scale opportunity for such instrumentation. Our device will be easy to operate, more comfortable for the patient, and will be of major diagnostic value in glaucoma clinics worldwide.Read moreRead less
Production Of A Novel Humanised Anti Dendritic Cell Therapeutic Antibody For Graft Versus Host Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$202,500.00
Summary
A transplant of bone marrow or other source of blood stem cells from a donor is often used to treat leukaemia patients whose disease has failed to respond to chemotherapy. The Mater Medical Research Institute has developed a world first dendritic cell depleting therapeutic antibody which may open a new strategy for the control of acute graft versus host disease, which is a very common and often fatal complication of bone marrow transplantation. The new antibody treatment is also likely to be use ....A transplant of bone marrow or other source of blood stem cells from a donor is often used to treat leukaemia patients whose disease has failed to respond to chemotherapy. The Mater Medical Research Institute has developed a world first dendritic cell depleting therapeutic antibody which may open a new strategy for the control of acute graft versus host disease, which is a very common and often fatal complication of bone marrow transplantation. The new antibody treatment is also likely to be useful for the prevention of rejection in solid organ transplantation. If successful, it will selectively control graft versus host disease, without compromising the essential anti-viral immunity and desired anti-leukemia activity of the graft.Read moreRead less
Development And Evaluation Of Novel Fetal Haemoglobin Inducers For The Therapy Of Beta-thalassaemia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$288,899.00
Summary
The most important haemoglobinopathies from the clinical point of view are the beta-thalassaemias, sickle cell disease (SCD), HbE disease and the interactions between them. These beta-haemoglobinopathies are the result of mutations in the beta-globin gene, causing beta-globin chain synthesis that is abnormal, low or absent leading to life-threatening severe anaemia, and blood transfusion-dependency for life. An alternative approach to the therapy of beta-thalassemia is to reactivate fetal haemog ....The most important haemoglobinopathies from the clinical point of view are the beta-thalassaemias, sickle cell disease (SCD), HbE disease and the interactions between them. These beta-haemoglobinopathies are the result of mutations in the beta-globin gene, causing beta-globin chain synthesis that is abnormal, low or absent leading to life-threatening severe anaemia, and blood transfusion-dependency for life. An alternative approach to the therapy of beta-thalassemia is to reactivate fetal haemoglobin (HbF) synthesis. Some chemical agents have been identified to induce HbF and significantly reduce the need for blood transfusion in some thalassaemia patients, while in SCD patients it can ameliorate the clinical symptoms. Despite a number of clinical trials investigating the potential of HbF-inducing agents, many of these drugs have low efficacy, specificity, and cytotoxicity. There is therefore an urgent need to identify novel pharmacological agents with greater efficacy and reduced toxicity. Without a clear understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) involved in the induction of HbF, it is virtually impossible to focus on any molecular target. A promising approach is the use of chemical libraries in a high-throughput (HTP) screening to identify positive regulators of gene products. Our research group created an assay that has allowed us for the first time to perform a side-by-side comparison of several previously described fetal hemoglobin inducers including 2000 existing pharmaceuticals used by patients unrelated to thalassaemia. The screen identified a distinct group of compounds that induced the gamma-globin promoter in primary and secondary screens. The identification of novel inducers of HbF warrants further investigation as alternative therapies for beta-thalassemia. This project will evaluate novel inducers of HbF in our thalassaemia mouse model and provide early 'proof-of-concept' and enable the initiation of preclinical and clinical studies.Read moreRead less
Development Of A Fibre-optic Flow Sensor To Monitor Blood Platelet Adhesive Function.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$187,550.00
Summary
The ability to accurately diagnose platelet dysfunction is key to the clinical management of many cardiovascular diseases which represent a major cause of mortality in the industrialised world. At present there is no clinically robust instrument that can accurately assess abnormal platelet function under conditions that closely mimic the physiological environment. We aim to develop a sensitive prototype instrument for the clinical assessment of platelet function. We propose to develop this medic ....The ability to accurately diagnose platelet dysfunction is key to the clinical management of many cardiovascular diseases which represent a major cause of mortality in the industrialised world. At present there is no clinically robust instrument that can accurately assess abnormal platelet function under conditions that closely mimic the physiological environment. We aim to develop a sensitive prototype instrument for the clinical assessment of platelet function. We propose to develop this medical device as a relatively cheap and portable point of care instrument that can be marketed internationally.Read moreRead less
Development Of A Prototype Production System For Optical Fibre Diagnostic Probes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$191,598.00
Summary
Advances in nanotechnology have led to new techniques for the precise fabrication of nanometre scale structures. A recent breakthrough by the applicants now allows high-quality nanostructures to be stamped onto the tip of low-cost optical fibre probes. When coated with silver, these sensitive probes can be used for continuous monitoring of blood glucose in diabetics and in critical care situations. This project aims to develop a prototype manufacturing system for optical fibre glucose probes.
Development Of Recombinant RsolCD39-PSGL As A Novel Therapeutic With Anti-thrombotic And Anti-inflammatory Effects
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$186,367.00
Summary
Heart disease and stroke are due to a narrowing of arteries followed by occlusion, due a combination of clot formation initiated by platelet clumping, and inflammation surrounding the vessel wall. The currently available drugs are often limited by the adverse reaction of bleeding. We will investigate the efficiency of a new drug to prevent clot formation and inflammation.