Quantification of Traffic Generated Nano and Ultrafine Particle Dynamics and Toxicity in Transit Hubs and Transport Corridors. The socio-economic benefits to Australia will include (i) new knowledge for the multiparameter assessment of nano and ultrafine particles, pollutants in the centre of current scientific, medical and policy debates (ii) a breakthrough in the scientific understanding of traffic generated particles in the urban atmosphere (iii) determining the toxicological impact of these ....Quantification of Traffic Generated Nano and Ultrafine Particle Dynamics and Toxicity in Transit Hubs and Transport Corridors. The socio-economic benefits to Australia will include (i) new knowledge for the multiparameter assessment of nano and ultrafine particles, pollutants in the centre of current scientific, medical and policy debates (ii) a breakthrough in the scientific understanding of traffic generated particles in the urban atmosphere (iii) determining the toxicological impact of these particles on biological systems. The ultimate economic benefit will be improved urban design to lower human exposure to ultrafine particles, thus reducing health care cost and productivity losses. The research will also place Australia at the forefront of international progress towards better methods for achieving environmental sustainability.Read moreRead less
Development of a novel air pollution monitoring strategy - combining passive sampling with toxicity testing. Present approaches for monitoring risk of air pollutants are limited to grab sample analysis for specific pollutants using concentrations based on independent toxicological and/or epidemiological assessment of compounds. This approach does not allow for evaluation of mixtures or that a given compound may exert different toxic endpoints and is based on short sampling periods. This researc ....Development of a novel air pollution monitoring strategy - combining passive sampling with toxicity testing. Present approaches for monitoring risk of air pollutants are limited to grab sample analysis for specific pollutants using concentrations based on independent toxicological and/or epidemiological assessment of compounds. This approach does not allow for evaluation of mixtures or that a given compound may exert different toxic endpoints and is based on short sampling periods. This research aims to develop and evaluate a novel approach combining extraction of pollutants using time-integrated passive samplers and toxicological evaluation using rapid in-vitro and in-vivo assays. The outcomes provide inexpensive tools for sensitive assessment of pollutant effects and baseline data to derive intervention guidelines based on mixture toxicity.Read moreRead less
Degradation of Trace Contaminants Using Sonochemistry and Peroxide Scavenging Advanced Oxidation Processes. Sonochemical degradation of hazardous organic compounds in aqueous solution has been examined extensively in recent years and found to be an effective means of waste treatment however the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals by the relatively high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide produced limits the amount of reactive radicals accessible to target molecules. In this project we will investiga ....Degradation of Trace Contaminants Using Sonochemistry and Peroxide Scavenging Advanced Oxidation Processes. Sonochemical degradation of hazardous organic compounds in aqueous solution has been examined extensively in recent years and found to be an effective means of waste treatment however the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals by the relatively high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide produced limits the amount of reactive radicals accessible to target molecules. In this project we will investigate, by both experimental and computational means, options for the regeneration of hydroxyl radicals through use of hydrogen peroxide. Methods of particular interest include use of Fenton's reagent and ozone.Read moreRead less
Removal of toxic air pollutants from car cabin by photocatalytic oxidation reactor. The air inside car cabin contains the contaminated air drawn from the traffic exhaust which has high levels of volatile organic compounds and other toxic air pollutants. The poor air quality in the car can pose a public health problem. Photocatalytic oxidation is an emerging technology which can remove the toxic organic pollutants in car cabin by mineralising them. This proposed research aims to quantify the pho ....Removal of toxic air pollutants from car cabin by photocatalytic oxidation reactor. The air inside car cabin contains the contaminated air drawn from the traffic exhaust which has high levels of volatile organic compounds and other toxic air pollutants. The poor air quality in the car can pose a public health problem. Photocatalytic oxidation is an emerging technology which can remove the toxic organic pollutants in car cabin by mineralising them. This proposed research aims to quantify the photocatalytic oxidation process occurring in titanium dioxide mediated reactor by simulating air flow and radiation. The developed simulation model can be used as a designing tool to optimise the cost-effective reactor design.Read moreRead less
Floc Characteristics in Sheared Systems: Implications to Low Pressure Membrane Filtration in Water Treatment. In this project, we examine the effect of coagulant choice and coagulation conditions on the nature of the flocs formed in drinking water treatment using submerged membrane systems and on the extent of fouling, contaminant removal and difficulties in backwash. We will develop both underpinning knowledge and operational protocols that will assist in improving the efficiency and thus reduc ....Floc Characteristics in Sheared Systems: Implications to Low Pressure Membrane Filtration in Water Treatment. In this project, we examine the effect of coagulant choice and coagulation conditions on the nature of the flocs formed in drinking water treatment using submerged membrane systems and on the extent of fouling, contaminant removal and difficulties in backwash. We will develop both underpinning knowledge and operational protocols that will assist in improving the efficiency and thus reducing the operating costs of submerged membrane water systems. The outcomes of this project will assist our industry partner in developing more cost effective water treatment processes in Australia which will, in turn, assist in increasing market share in the Asian region.Read moreRead less
Reactive oxygen species generation by zerovalent silver nanoparticles; implications to toxicity and contaminant degradation. Nanoparticulate silver is now being used for the purification of drinking water yet many questions remain concerning its mode of purifying action. Here we investigate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by nanoparticulate silver and examine the relationship between ROS generation and the purifying action of "nano-silver".
Developing a new approach to aquatic pollutant assessment combining time integrated sampling with toxicity testing. Present approaches for monitoring risk of aquatic pollutants are limited to grab sample analysis for specific pollutants using target values and/or ecotoxicological assessment of population biomarkers. This collaborative research, involving 3 universities and 10 industry partners, aims to develop and evaluate a novel approach combining extraction of pollutants using time integrated ....Developing a new approach to aquatic pollutant assessment combining time integrated sampling with toxicity testing. Present approaches for monitoring risk of aquatic pollutants are limited to grab sample analysis for specific pollutants using target values and/or ecotoxicological assessment of population biomarkers. This collaborative research, involving 3 universities and 10 industry partners, aims to develop and evaluate a novel approach combining extraction of pollutants using time integrated passive samplers and toxicological evaluation of extracts using a range of rapid in-vitro and in-vivo assays. The project will produce cost-effective tools for highly sensitive assessment of pollutant effects and ultimately facilitate intervention guidelines based on mixture toxicity.Read moreRead less
Development and calibration of aquatic passive sampler technologies for emerging water pollutants. Contaminated water is a key exposure source for many emerging pollutants either direct via consumption of water or indirect via consumption of aquatic biota. Monitoring of emerging aquatic pollutants remains a challenge. In this project we will develop cost effective monitoring technologies for emerging aquatic pollutants. The outcome will allow a more comprehensive and cost-effective monitoring ....Development and calibration of aquatic passive sampler technologies for emerging water pollutants. Contaminated water is a key exposure source for many emerging pollutants either direct via consumption of water or indirect via consumption of aquatic biota. Monitoring of emerging aquatic pollutants remains a challenge. In this project we will develop cost effective monitoring technologies for emerging aquatic pollutants. The outcome will allow a more comprehensive and cost-effective monitoring of these pollutants and related to that a decrease in risk related to water pollution. Furthermore it will enhance consumer confidence, improve water management and allow more comprehensive identification of emerging risks related to aquatic pollutants.Read moreRead less
Development and evaluation of a Phytotox-Test for field and laboratory testing of phytotoxic chemicals in water. Monitoring of trace pollutants in water is expensive, laborious and requires sophisticated analytical techniques. Building on the research team's new technique, which uses a phyto-tox test based on photosynthesis inhibition in algae, this study will further develop and evaluate methodologies and applications for measuring phyto-toxic chemicals in environmental water samples. The proj ....Development and evaluation of a Phytotox-Test for field and laboratory testing of phytotoxic chemicals in water. Monitoring of trace pollutants in water is expensive, laborious and requires sophisticated analytical techniques. Building on the research team's new technique, which uses a phyto-tox test based on photosynthesis inhibition in algae, this study will further develop and evaluate methodologies and applications for measuring phyto-toxic chemicals in environmental water samples. The project aims specifically to:
- identify suitable algae, sensitive to phyto-toxic chemicals
- determine dose-response for priority pollutants in selected algae
- evaluate critical parameters affecting measurements
- develop pre-concentration techniques.
The outcomes will provide the first on-site trace pollutant testing method allowing more effective management of water pollution
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Sources, fate and exposure pathways for emerging persistent organic pollutants in Australia. Brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated chemicals have received much attention from media and environmental groups. They accumulate in biota and humans and levels are shown to be increasing. It is proposed they be included in the global treaty on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), recently ratified by Australia. This project aims to determine sources, fate and exposure pathways for these che ....Sources, fate and exposure pathways for emerging persistent organic pollutants in Australia. Brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated chemicals have received much attention from media and environmental groups. They accumulate in biota and humans and levels are shown to be increasing. It is proposed they be included in the global treaty on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), recently ratified by Australia. This project aims to determine sources, fate and exposure pathways for these chemicals with an emphasis on exposure to infants. This will provide information for risk assessment development and more effective management of these chemicals. Furthermore, the study's approach and results will contribute to a rationalization of the issues related to emerging POPs. Read moreRead less