The cross-disciplinary team performing this research will examine how mobile DNA elements found in brain cells move in response to learning and memory exercises in mice, and whether these changes generate an address system for parts of the brain to be turned on by specific experiences. This work has major implications for our fundamental understanding of how the brain works in healthy individuals, as well as people affected by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.
Studying The Two Hit Hypothesis Of Psychiatric Illness: Role Of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$469,553.00
Summary
Early environmental factors may play an important role in the development of psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia and depression. We will study an animal model which combines early developmental stress followed by treatment with a stress hormone or chronic cannabis use in adolescence. We will assess behavioural changes and the role of a growth factor in the brain, BDNF. This wil lead to a better understanding of the role of neurodevelopmental stress in psychiatric disease.
Reducing Global Mortality And Severity Of Disease In Newborn Infants Through Innovation And Holistic Interventions
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,060,520.00
Summary
Infants born prematurely often encounter problems affecting the growth, development and function of multiple body systems. This multi-organ disease usually results from infection, inflammation, and excessive or insufficient oxygen. Importantly, many premature infants are born in low-resource settings. This fellowship aims to reduce global mortality and multi-organ disease in preterm infants using simple, holistic and low-cost interventions that directly target the underlying causative factors.
Forging A New Understanding Of Iron In Neurodegenerative Disease.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$598,573.00
Summary
Using the versatile model system, C. elegans, this proposal will define how normal functions of the brain become corrupted with age and hijacked by neurodegenerative diseases to cause dementia. Coupling specialised X-ray imaging only available at the Australian Synchrotron with the research excellence of the University of Melbourne, this Fellowship will provide a better understanding of normal ageing and how this relates to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Validating Novel Biomarkers Relevant To Major Depression
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$515,550.00
Summary
Depression prevention and treatment are public health priorities; therefore, it is critical to improve and personalise treatments, which can only be achieved by advancing knowledge of its underlying biology. This research project will contribute to validating potentially relevant genes for MDD risk or antidepressant response and to provide the scientific foundation for future strategies to test their products as MDD biomarkers in the clinical setting.
Understanding Sex Differences In Alcohol Use Disorder: The Role Of Stress And Neuropeptides
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$692,106.00
Summary
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are an emerging issue in women, yet there is little understanding of the how the male and female brains differ in response to excessive alcohol consumption. In pilot studies, we have found that deletion of a specific brain chemical causes differences in the way male and female mice consume alcohol in excess. We will further characterise this system and test new approaches to reduce the desire to consume alcohol.
Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability to anxiety disorders. Recent research has shown that adolescents may not effectively utilise prefrontal brain regions to inhibit fear. This project investigates how fear is inhibited in the adolescent brain. Specifically, this project examines how prefrontal circuits are involved in inhibiting fear in the adolescent rat. This research will work towards developing new approaches for reducing fear and anxiety in adolescence.
How well people perform in everyday situations is often determined by memory function. When required to perform under stress memory performance is often affected. The effect of a psychological stress test on memory function in healthy volunteers and the ability of a dietary supplement, tyrosine, to prevent the effects will be studied. The data may suggest that depletion amino acids is responsible for the decrements in performance that are evident after an acute stressor.
Does Adult Vitamin D Deficiency Increase Vulnerability To Social Stress Resulting In Altered Brain Function?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$329,802.00
Summary
We propose that first generation migrants exposed to both psychosocial stress and hypovitaminosis D may be less able to buffer stress-related adverse brain outcomes. Our hypothesis is that combined effects of both adult hypovitaminosis D, with the lack of its neuroprotective properties, and the neurochemical effects of social stress will result in an increase in schizophrenia-related behaviours. There is an urgent need for novel animal models based on the epidemiology of schizophrenia.
A New Target For Antidepressant Treatment: Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$359,601.00
Summary
Depression is the leading cause of non-fatal disease burden in Australia. Unfortunately, current antidepressants do not provide adequate levels of relief and it is accepted that we need to develop more effective treatments. We have recently shown that a drug that reduces inflammation in the brain also reduces depression-like symptoms. This project aims to extend upon these extremely promising findings, in the hope of developing a new and more effective generation of antidepressants.