Genetic Basis of Variable Expression of Glycan Xeno-Autoantigens by Cattle. Meat and dairy products from cattle contain sugar structures (glycans) that are not made by humans. These structures can be recognised by the immune system and lead to allergic reactions, inflammation and potentially cancer. These non-human structures are called xeno-autoantigens or XAs. We have discovered individual cattle that do not produce one of these XAs. We will study the gene required to make XA in the XA-free ca ....Genetic Basis of Variable Expression of Glycan Xeno-Autoantigens by Cattle. Meat and dairy products from cattle contain sugar structures (glycans) that are not made by humans. These structures can be recognised by the immune system and lead to allergic reactions, inflammation and potentially cancer. These non-human structures are called xeno-autoantigens or XAs. We have discovered individual cattle that do not produce one of these XAs. We will study the gene required to make XA in the XA-free cattle to find the underlying mutation. The same approach will be used to look for natural XA-free individuals in other food species. This knowledge may enable us to create a test to facilitate the natural breeding of non-GMO, XA-free livestock to benefit Australian primary producers and provide safer food for consumers.Read moreRead less
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE200100620
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$424,856.00
Summary
Phenotypic plasticity of reef fish vision in a changing world. This project aims to investigate why fishes have more colour vision channels than any other vertebrate on the planet by studying representatives from the most vibrant ecosystem on earth, the Great Barrier Reef. It is currently not clear how vision is controlled on the molecular level and how this translates to the performance and survival of an animal. Through an innovative approach to understanding colour vision and animal behaviour ....Phenotypic plasticity of reef fish vision in a changing world. This project aims to investigate why fishes have more colour vision channels than any other vertebrate on the planet by studying representatives from the most vibrant ecosystem on earth, the Great Barrier Reef. It is currently not clear how vision is controlled on the molecular level and how this translates to the performance and survival of an animal. Through an innovative approach to understanding colour vision and animal behaviour, this project expects to advance Australia’s leadership in neuroscience and ecology, while also increasing the capacity for international collaborations. Beyond the scientific benefit, it will create public awareness about an endangered ecosystem, inform reef guardianship and may inspire new sensory technology.Read moreRead less
Origins of Parasitism in the Psocodea (Insecta). The Psocodea has 2 groups: the lice and the psocopterans (the psocids and their kin). The lice are parasites whereas the psocopterans are free-living. The Psocodea are a unique model-system that will allow us to discover the processes that preadapt arthropods for parasitism and the processes that facilitate "explosive" radiations of arthropods once they become parasites. We will infer evolutionary trees for these insects from 3 genes. Then we ....Origins of Parasitism in the Psocodea (Insecta). The Psocodea has 2 groups: the lice and the psocopterans (the psocids and their kin). The lice are parasites whereas the psocopterans are free-living. The Psocodea are a unique model-system that will allow us to discover the processes that preadapt arthropods for parasitism and the processes that facilitate "explosive" radiations of arthropods once they become parasites. We will infer evolutionary trees for these insects from 3 genes. Then we will use these trees to track the evolution of feeding, attachment, senses and reproduction through evolutionary time. Our work should provide unprecedented insight into the evolution of parasitism in the arthropods.Read moreRead less
The evolution of colour vision in vertebrates. Colour vision plays a crucial role in the lives of many animals including vertebrates. However, very little is known about the origins of colour vision and we aim to fill this gap. Photoreceptors (cone cells) with sensitivities to different colours mediate colour vision (humans possess blue, green and red cones). This study will examine the structure, physiological responses and molecular biology of these cells in the closest living relatives of the ....The evolution of colour vision in vertebrates. Colour vision plays a crucial role in the lives of many animals including vertebrates. However, very little is known about the origins of colour vision and we aim to fill this gap. Photoreceptors (cone cells) with sensitivities to different colours mediate colour vision (humans possess blue, green and red cones). This study will examine the structure, physiological responses and molecular biology of these cells in the closest living relatives of the early vertebrates. The underlying mechanisms for spectral tuning, the genetic rate of evolutionary change and the importance of colour in visual ecology will also be examined.Read moreRead less
Evolution of the biofabrication of mineralized structures in animals. Shells and skeletons are produced by a wide range of animals. These highly-order crystalline structures are genetically-encoded and produce high-performance composite materials that exceed present capabilities in human engineering. This international collaboration will elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the fabrication of these architectures. This knowledge will contribute significantly to the development of materi ....Evolution of the biofabrication of mineralized structures in animals. Shells and skeletons are produced by a wide range of animals. These highly-order crystalline structures are genetically-encoded and produce high-performance composite materials that exceed present capabilities in human engineering. This international collaboration will elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the fabrication of these architectures. This knowledge will contribute significantly to the development of materials for advanced electronics and energy transducers, human bone therapeutics and marine-based products such as pearls and cements, through the identification of genes underlying biofabrication networks and the development of in vitro bioproduction systems.Read moreRead less
Marine sponge–microbe interactions and the origin of animal innate immunity. This project aims to address how the animal innate immune system evolved to discriminate between potential pathogens versus beneficial symbionts by studying a marine sponge holobiont. Using advanced genomic and cellular approaches, the project will uncover deeply conserved regulatory pathways used by the cells of sponges, humans and other animals, and thereby identify cardinal rules governing animal innate immunity and ....Marine sponge–microbe interactions and the origin of animal innate immunity. This project aims to address how the animal innate immune system evolved to discriminate between potential pathogens versus beneficial symbionts by studying a marine sponge holobiont. Using advanced genomic and cellular approaches, the project will uncover deeply conserved regulatory pathways used by the cells of sponges, humans and other animals, and thereby identify cardinal rules governing animal innate immunity and its evolutionary origin. The project will provide an understanding of how beneficial microbial symbionts are recruited and maintained by animals, and are instrumental to the health of our environment and all its inhabitants.Read moreRead less
Unravelling reef fish vision through gene-editing and behavioural ecology. This project aims to enhance understanding of visual neuroscience, genetic control of vision and environmental ecology on The Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Using the anemonefish as a model, together with new genetic, photographic and behavioural approaches, the project aims to reveal novel aspects of colour vision on the reef. Outcomes beyond multiple scientific disciplines include enhanced international collaboration and bui ....Unravelling reef fish vision through gene-editing and behavioural ecology. This project aims to enhance understanding of visual neuroscience, genetic control of vision and environmental ecology on The Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Using the anemonefish as a model, together with new genetic, photographic and behavioural approaches, the project aims to reveal novel aspects of colour vision on the reef. Outcomes beyond multiple scientific disciplines include enhanced international collaboration and building capacity for improved reef guardianship. The benefits are scientific discovery in multiple areas, providing greater community understanding of complex science and a desire to preserve the GBR for future generations.Read moreRead less
The ancient symbiosis of crayfish and temnocephalan flatworms in Australian freshwaters investigated using molecules, morphology and biogeography. Freshwater parastacid crayfish are widespread and diverse in Australia's freshwaters. Associated with them (living on external surfaces) since their origins on Gondwana are very many species of temnocephalan flatworms. We will elucidate the molecular, morphological and biogeographic history of this association which appears to be ancient and specific. ....The ancient symbiosis of crayfish and temnocephalan flatworms in Australian freshwaters investigated using molecules, morphology and biogeography. Freshwater parastacid crayfish are widespread and diverse in Australia's freshwaters. Associated with them (living on external surfaces) since their origins on Gondwana are very many species of temnocephalan flatworms. We will elucidate the molecular, morphological and biogeographic history of this association which appears to be ancient and specific. The study will shed light on Australia's biological links with New Zealand and South America. It will also use the association between crayfish and temnocephalans as a model to investigate general features of symbioses, including molecular and morphological evolutionary responses and phenomena such as host-switching and cospeciation.Read moreRead less
The making of a sea shell: function and evolution of genes encoding calcareous architectures of phenomenal strength, purity and beauty. The mollusc shell is composed of microscopic layers of tabular calcium carbonate crystals and thin sheets of proteins with precise nanoscale architectures. This configuration produces a high-performance composite material that exceeds the present capabilities of human engineering. This integrated study will elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the fab ....The making of a sea shell: function and evolution of genes encoding calcareous architectures of phenomenal strength, purity and beauty. The mollusc shell is composed of microscopic layers of tabular calcium carbonate crystals and thin sheets of proteins with precise nanoscale architectures. This configuration produces a high-performance composite material that exceeds the present capabilities of human engineering. This integrated study will elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the fabrication of these architectures. This knowledge will contribute significantly to the development of materials for advanced electronics and energy transducers, human bone therapeutics and marine?based products such as pearls and cements, through the identification of genes underlying biofabrication networks and the development of in vitro bioproduction systems. Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0347875
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$280,000.00
Summary
Enhanced genetic analysis facilities at James Cook University. The acquisition of molecular data, DNA sequences or allele frequencies, is the major requirement of almost all laboratory research in the life sciences, and is the rate-limiting step for many research projects locally. The current application underpins novel research initiatives at James Cook University, and is intended to provide centralized state-of-the-art high throughput DNA sequencing and genotyping facility for the north Queens ....Enhanced genetic analysis facilities at James Cook University. The acquisition of molecular data, DNA sequences or allele frequencies, is the major requirement of almost all laboratory research in the life sciences, and is the rate-limiting step for many research projects locally. The current application underpins novel research initiatives at James Cook University, and is intended to provide centralized state-of-the-art high throughput DNA sequencing and genotyping facility for the north Queensland life sciences community.Read moreRead less