Seafood CRC: Visiting Expert: Dr Standish Allen - Enhancement Of Tetraploid And Triploid Production In The Australian Pacific Oyster Industry
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$14,200.00
Summary
SCL’s overall goal with regard to tetraploid technology is to make it work as effectively as anywhere in the world. In some ways, SCL is ahead of the game already, with dedicated facilities and technicians to pursue this goal. The objective of this Visiting Expert project is to get SCL fully on this path and to continue the improvement of tetraploid technology in Australia, and by example, the world.
There is currently only a hand full of commercial operations producing natural trip ....SCL’s overall goal with regard to tetraploid technology is to make it work as effectively as anywhere in the world. In some ways, SCL is ahead of the game already, with dedicated facilities and technicians to pursue this goal. The objective of this Visiting Expert project is to get SCL fully on this path and to continue the improvement of tetraploid technology in Australia, and by example, the world.
There is currently only a hand full of commercial operations producing natural triploids and even fewer assessing breeding technologies required to enhance the breeding of tetraploid populations.
At SCL, commercial production of natural triploid oysters in Australia has been successful for a number of years. The regeneration of tetraploids through large mass populations of tetraploids are accomplished each year by SCL research staff. We also have the know-how for the production of both natural mass spawning of tetraploids and chemical induction of tetraploids.
The opportunity exists to enhance our tetraploid lines through the infusion of genetics from the industry owned breeding program (Australian Seafood Industries). This request from industry is based on the following two, and likely very distinct, traits. 1. Specific resistance to OsHV-1 µVar 2. Increase fitness in general oyster populations to combat mortalities in South Australia or Tasmania probably due to the high metabolism of triploids in food poor waters.
Objectives: 1. Evaluating tetraploid spawns, including single pair crosses, mass spawns, and/ or mass selected spawnings, for the development of breeding lines and long term breeding objectives 2. Production of a range of ASI triploids lines for progeny testing, both natural and chemical 3. Assessing the commercial application of producing selectively bred tetraploids utilising a method described by McCombie et al. 2009 4. Expert input to Penny Miller PhD with detail analysis of results to meet project objectives 5. Collaborate with CSIRO in the future enhancement of breeding plans for tetraploid pacific oysters using selectively bred lines from the ASI breeding program 6. Develop a long-term breeding and tetraploid maintenance plan to secure supplies of high quality tetraploids long into the future Read moreRead less
Experimental Production Of Tetraploid Oysters For Use As Broodstock For Commercial Hatchery Production Of Triploids
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$186,362.94
Summary
Objectives: 1. The experimental production of tetraploid (4n) oyster embryos, larvae & Spat 2. On-growing of 4n oyster spat to adulthood and reproductive capability 3. Hybridisation of 2n gametes (from 4n broodstock) with n gametes (form "normal" 2n broodstock) to produce 3n embryos, larvae and spat
The impact of environmental toxicants on the fertility of female animals. This study aims to address a problem of national significance; determining the impact of commonly used environmental toxicants (pesticides) on the fertility and health of female animals, both agricultural and native. This project expects to generate new knowledge in the fields of ovarian biology, female fertility and toxicology by using a combination of mouse and marsupial animal models. The expected outcomes include the e ....The impact of environmental toxicants on the fertility of female animals. This study aims to address a problem of national significance; determining the impact of commonly used environmental toxicants (pesticides) on the fertility and health of female animals, both agricultural and native. This project expects to generate new knowledge in the fields of ovarian biology, female fertility and toxicology by using a combination of mouse and marsupial animal models. The expected outcomes include the establishment of interdisciplinary collaborations and provision of world-class training for staff and students in the field of reproductive biology. This project should provide significant benefits, such as improved chemical management in livestock production and the development of marsupial conservation action plans.Read moreRead less
Commercialisation Of Triploid Sydney Rock And Pacific Oysters
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$503,347.00
Summary
Objectives: 1. In NSW to produce a large number triploid and diploid Sydney rock oyster spat for farming experiments as described in B3 Objectives 2. In Tasmania to cmpare commercial performance of meiosis 1 and 2 triploids from hatchery through to market size 3. Monitor percent triploid theough larval and nursery phases 4. Compare and optimise alternate tripoidy induction stresses 5. Assess influence of broodstock quality and spawning technique on triploid induction ....Objectives: 1. In NSW to produce a large number triploid and diploid Sydney rock oyster spat for farming experiments as described in B3 Objectives 2. In Tasmania to cmpare commercial performance of meiosis 1 and 2 triploids from hatchery through to market size 3. Monitor percent triploid theough larval and nursery phases 4. Compare and optimise alternate tripoidy induction stresses 5. Assess influence of broodstock quality and spawning technique on triploid induction Read moreRead less
SCRC: PhD 6.06 – Capturing And Maintaining Genetic Variation When Initiating Selective Breeding Programs For Aquaculture
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Summary
Industry need: The following projects have stated the need for establishing sustainable selective breeding programs; • Development of a genetic management and improvement strategy for temperate marine finfish (2008/723). • Scope and economic analysis of options for a nationally unified breeding program for abalone aquaculture (2008/722). • Development of a genetic management strategy for cultured Barramundi (2008/758).
SCRC: PhD 6.08 Molecular Assessment Of Spawning Cues In Temperate Abalone
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Summary
The spawning of cultured abalone for Australia’s expanding abalone industry is a ‘numbers game’ with hatcheries required to mature and induce more individuals than needed as gamete release is not under full control. While this is acceptable for commercial production the advent of selective breeding programs (SBPs) emerging across the industry means that increased spawning efficiency is crucial to provide for the spawning of highly valuable selected individuals on cue ensuring that the greatest g ....The spawning of cultured abalone for Australia’s expanding abalone industry is a ‘numbers game’ with hatcheries required to mature and induce more individuals than needed as gamete release is not under full control. While this is acceptable for commercial production the advent of selective breeding programs (SBPs) emerging across the industry means that increased spawning efficiency is crucial to provide for the spawning of highly valuable selected individuals on cue ensuring that the greatest genetic gains in production traits are realised. Greater control over spawning is key to ensuring maximum efficiency in the implementation of SBPs and also in producing the highly marketable interspecies hybrid between Haliotis rubra and H. laevigata.
The aim of this project is to unravel the signalling cues that regulate spawning and/or maturation processes in abalone. This will allow on farm interventional strategies to be developed. Peptide hormones are a complex set of messenger molecules controlling a wide diversity of regulatory functions including a multitude of physiological processes and behaviours within an organism. The latest mass spectrometry methods will enable the detection, identification and characterisation of these important signalling molecules. While there is currently a limited genetic resource available for Haliotis species in the absence of a reference genome, molecular genetic approaches will also be utilised alongside the peptide discovery process to address this shortfall in knowledge. By undertaking sampling at variable time points during the gonad conditioning and spawning process it will provide valuable insight into which of the peptides are involved in facilitating spawning cues. This is likely to result in the ability to develop external stimuli and/or methods that will enable spawning of temperate abalone on cue.Read moreRead less
Seafood CRC: Clean Seas Tuna - Product Quality Issues (maturation And Harvest Stress)
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$13,826.24
Summary
Ultimately, the need is to improve the quality of the product at this time of year when mature males occur and when sea temperatures reach their peak. If mature males are shown to contribute significantly to product quality issues at this time, then remedial measures can be investigated which are proportional to the scale of the problem.
Information on the extent of the impacts of maturation and/or harvest stress on product quality of YTK will help all involved in growing, buying and s ....Ultimately, the need is to improve the quality of the product at this time of year when mature males occur and when sea temperatures reach their peak. If mature males are shown to contribute significantly to product quality issues at this time, then remedial measures can be investigated which are proportional to the scale of the problem.
Information on the extent of the impacts of maturation and/or harvest stress on product quality of YTK will help all involved in growing, buying and selling YTK in domestic and overseas markets.
Objectives: 1. Identify, characterise and quantify the effects of sexual maturity on defined product quality attributes of farmed YTK 2. Determine the extent and nature of the impact of "dead haul" harvest processes and practices on product quality attributes of farmed YTK Read moreRead less
Collection And Analysis Of Biological Parameters Necessary For The Proper Management Of The Snook Fishery In SA Waters
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$20,360.50
Summary
Objectives: 1. Collection and analysis of biological parameters necessary for the proper management of the snook fishery in SA waters 2. To validate the growth rate of snook using ototliths 3. To study the position of snook in the food chain , through the analysis of stomach contents
Selective Breeding For Disease Resistance And Fast Growth In Sydney Rock Oysters
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$332,308.00
Summary
The NSW oyster industry has suffered from QX disease and winter mortality for a very long time. It has responded to these disease challenges by vacating affected leases seasonally or in the case of Georges River by abondoning the infested part of the estuary. The history of inter-estuary transfer of oysters for on-growing has not allowed the development of resistant strains in NSW. However, if resistant strains of oysters are not developed, the industry will have no better management tool av ....The NSW oyster industry has suffered from QX disease and winter mortality for a very long time. It has responded to these disease challenges by vacating affected leases seasonally or in the case of Georges River by abondoning the infested part of the estuary. The history of inter-estuary transfer of oysters for on-growing has not allowed the development of resistant strains in NSW. However, if resistant strains of oysters are not developed, the industry will have no better management tool available in future than that used in the past, ie moving or selling oysters before a disease outbreak is expected or abondoning oyster leases.
If the opportunity for breeding QX disease resistance in Sydney rock oysters is not taken up, a unique opportunity will be lost, to use breeding lines previously selected for fast growth in the selection for disease resistance. It is important that breeding for QX resistance begins now, before another estuary is infested with this parasite. In Georges River, the industry responded to the QX outbreak by abandoning affected leases.
Growth rates in Sydney rock oysters have been improved by an average of 4% for the first generation of selection in Port Stephens. Now the initial progress has been made and four breeding lines are established, it is important that the momentum is maintained and selective breeding for fast growth is continued. The growth rate of the Port Stephens selection lines can be increased by 4% for each successive generation.
Growth rates in Sydney rock oysters can be improved by both selective breeding (an average of 4% faster growth for the first generation of selection) and triploidy (30-40% faster growth). However, triploids have not previously been produced from improved breeding lines. It is important to determine if improvements in growth rates by these two methods are additive. For example with triploids produced from improved breeding lines, a 30% increase in growth rate with triploidy plus another 8% for two generations of selective breeding may increase growth rates of oysters by 38%. Objectives: 1. Evaluation of the resistance of fourth selected generation Georges River oysters to QX disease and winter mortality against controls 2. Evaluation of the growth rate of fourth selected generation Port Stephens selection line diploids and triploids against non-selected diploid and triploid controls Read moreRead less
Rock Lobster Post Harvest Subprogram: Development Of Bait Saving Strategies For The Western Rock Lobster Fishery
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$38,304.83
Summary
In the 2000-2001 Western Rock Lobster season approximately 16000 tonnes of bait was used at a cost to the industry of approximately $21.5 million. Savings on bait that do not reduce the catch of lobster have the potential to significantly increase the profitability of the industry. A preliminary study into the efficacy of bait saving devices indicated that reductions in the amount of bait deployed of approximately 40% are likely to be achievable without reducing catch rates, whilst with a rede ....In the 2000-2001 Western Rock Lobster season approximately 16000 tonnes of bait was used at a cost to the industry of approximately $21.5 million. Savings on bait that do not reduce the catch of lobster have the potential to significantly increase the profitability of the industry. A preliminary study into the efficacy of bait saving devices indicated that reductions in the amount of bait deployed of approximately 40% are likely to be achievable without reducing catch rates, whilst with a redesigned and more efficient bait saver reductions could be by as much as 90%. Such a reduction in bait usage would equate to a saving of between $8 and $19 million in the 2000-2001 season (WAFIC IDU project 04-01, and excluding initial cost of bait savers). The use of bait savers may be even more important with the newly introduced ban on lifting pots around the full moon (February-June, Zone C), and a ban on lifting pots on Sundays (after 15th of March, Zone B). Projections, based on the Puerulus Settlement Survey, are for drastically reduced catch rates over the next three seasons, i.e. between 9500 and 10500 tonnes, whilst oil prices continue to increase and are currently ~US$70 per barrel. Thus, there is an ever increasing need to develop ways in which fishermen can make savings. The development of bait saving strategies that do not reduce the catch of lobster is one way that fishermen could increase their profits. In future classification of a fishery as ecologically sustainable may include considerations of its impact on other organisms, e.g. its effects on bait species. The current study has the potential to further consolidate the fishery as ecologically sustainable.
This project addresses the following priority area identified by WAFRAB:
Business improvement/cost competitiveness within fishing industry: fuel costs/gear design.
Objectives: 1. Reduce bait usage in the Western Rock Lobster Fishery without reducing catches. Read moreRead less