Mechanisms Of Intestinal Iron Absorption And Consequences Of Iron Supplementation During The Perinatal Period
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$526,878.00
Summary
Iron intake is particularly high during pregnancy and in the newborn to meet the requirements of the growing fetus and neonate. While it is widely recommended that women take iron supplements at this time, too much iron may adversely affect pregnancy outcome. The aim of this study is to understand the factors controlling iron intake in the perinatal and the consequences of excess iron. This will provide the physiological information required to make rational decisions about iron supplementation.
The Pathogenesis Of Haemochromatosis In The HFE Knockout Mouse Model
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$244,616.00
Summary
Hereditary haemochromatosis is a very common genetic disease that affects approximately 1 in 200 Australians. It alters the way the body uses iron. It causes an increase in absorption of dietary iron and increased deposition of iron in major organs of the body such as the liver, heart and pancreas. This iron is harmful to tissues in the body and may lead to the development of liver cirrhosis, heart disease, diabetes and malignancy. The gene that is defective in hereditary haemochromatosis patien ....Hereditary haemochromatosis is a very common genetic disease that affects approximately 1 in 200 Australians. It alters the way the body uses iron. It causes an increase in absorption of dietary iron and increased deposition of iron in major organs of the body such as the liver, heart and pancreas. This iron is harmful to tissues in the body and may lead to the development of liver cirrhosis, heart disease, diabetes and malignancy. The gene that is defective in hereditary haemochromatosis patients has been identified and called HFE however, the function of HFE is not known. Recently, an excellent laboratory model of this disease has been developed. We aim to use this model to show for the first time how HFE controls the amount of iron the body absorbs and how much iron is delivered to tissues such as the liver. We also aim to identify how these processes are impaired in hereditary haemochromatosis patients. From this study, we will gain a better understanding of the role of HFE in iron metabolism of normal and hereditary haemochromatosis patients and this will provide opportunities for the development of new therapies for the prevention or treatment of iron overload.Read moreRead less
The Mechanism Of Intestinal Haem Iron Absorption And Characterization Of A Novel Haem-binding Protein
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$537,773.00
Summary
Iron is essential for normal health as many important proteins in the body require iron to function properly (e.g. haemoglobin). However, too much iron can be toxic, so the body must keep its iron content within defined limits. The amount of iron in the body is determined at the point of absorption from the diet in the small intestine. If too little iron is absorbed, then anaemia can result. If too much iron is absorbed, as is the case in the common disease haemochromatosis (with approximately 1 ....Iron is essential for normal health as many important proteins in the body require iron to function properly (e.g. haemoglobin). However, too much iron can be toxic, so the body must keep its iron content within defined limits. The amount of iron in the body is determined at the point of absorption from the diet in the small intestine. If too little iron is absorbed, then anaemia can result. If too much iron is absorbed, as is the case in the common disease haemochromatosis (with approximately 1 in 200 Australians at risk) then the body becomes iron loaded and various organs, particularly the liver, can become damaged. An understanding of how iron is absorbed will place us in a much better position to treat diseases such as this. Iron is present in the diet in two forms - inorganic iron and haem iron. Inorganic iron is the main form of iron in foods of plant origin while most haem iron comes from meat. In a typical diet 80-90% of the iron is inorganic iron and only 10-20% is haem. Despite this, 30-50% of the iron taken into the body comes from haem, so haem iron absorption is particularly efficient. While we have learned a great deal about the mechanims by which inorganic iron is absorbed in recent years, we know very little about the absorption of haem iron, so that is the focus of this project. We will study the pathway by which haem enters the body, how this process is regulated, and the characteristics of haem binding to the cells lining the small intestine. These cells are responsible for the uptake of all nutrients from the diet. In particular, we will examine the biology of a recently identified protein known as HCP1. Preliminary evidence suggests that HCP1 could be the main protein enabling haem to be taken up by intestinal cells. These studies will enhance our knowledge of an important nutritional pathway and improve our capacity to treat diseases such as haemochromatosis where iron absorption is defective.Read moreRead less
Impact Of Gastrointestinal Dysmotility On Enteral Nutrition In The Critically Ill
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$533,792.00
Summary
Critically ill patients require nutrition for optimum recovery. Ideally, this is provided via the gut, but oesophageal reflux, slow gastric emptying and small intestinal dysfunction frequently prevent adequate delivery of nutrients to these patients, exposing them to complications such as pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding. The work performed by the applicants will improve the ability of doctors in the Intensive Care Unit to feed patients and prevent the development of such complications.