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Fluid Dynamics of Circulation: Focus on the Kidney. In Australia, about 30% of adults have hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease, accounting for about 40% of all deaths. Problems in renal circulation are likely factors leading to hypertension. A detailed understanding of the renal circulation, of whose hydraulic characteristics we have limited knowledge, is required before we can cure or prevent hypertension. We will determine how the size, structure and geometry of the blood vesse ....Fluid Dynamics of Circulation: Focus on the Kidney. In Australia, about 30% of adults have hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease, accounting for about 40% of all deaths. Problems in renal circulation are likely factors leading to hypertension. A detailed understanding of the renal circulation, of whose hydraulic characteristics we have limited knowledge, is required before we can cure or prevent hypertension. We will determine how the size, structure and geometry of the blood vessels influence the function of the kidney. This will lead to predictive models to aid the design and interpretation of physiological studies and the combat of hypertension. It will also help in the ongoing development of bioartificial kidneys to replace present dialysis systems. Read moreRead less
Engineering Imaging and Supercomputer Prediction of Biofluid Flows. The potential of the information gained from the lung imaging for improving the diagnosis and monitoring of adult respiratory diseases, such as emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis and asthma, is enormous. Abnormalities in the structure and function of the kidney circulation are likely key factors causing hypertension, so a detailed understanding of the kidney circulation is required before we can cure or prevent hypertension. The rese ....Engineering Imaging and Supercomputer Prediction of Biofluid Flows. The potential of the information gained from the lung imaging for improving the diagnosis and monitoring of adult respiratory diseases, such as emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis and asthma, is enormous. Abnormalities in the structure and function of the kidney circulation are likely key factors causing hypertension, so a detailed understanding of the kidney circulation is required before we can cure or prevent hypertension. The research underpinning cardiovascular and renal flows will assist in the understanding of hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which accounts for approximately 40% of all deaths in Australia and particularly high for dialysis patients. Read moreRead less
Urinary continence and incontinence in men: New insight through new technologies. Healthy ageing in men is largely overlooked. Disorders of continence are surprisingly common with increasing age, and are socially debilitating. To understand changes in continence and address healthy ageing it is first necessary to gain an understanding of continence mechanisms in healthy men. Continence in women has received wide attention, but anatomy and function differ, as do the challenges throughout life (ch ....Urinary continence and incontinence in men: New insight through new technologies. Healthy ageing in men is largely overlooked. Disorders of continence are surprisingly common with increasing age, and are socially debilitating. To understand changes in continence and address healthy ageing it is first necessary to gain an understanding of continence mechanisms in healthy men. Continence in women has received wide attention, but anatomy and function differ, as do the challenges throughout life (childbirth vs. prostate disease). Using novel methods we will test a new hypothesis of male continence with the goal to provide new physiological discoveries, new methods, and baseline data upon which strategies to enhance healthy ageing and reduce the economic burden of disorders of continence can be developed and refined. Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0561030
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$441,100.00
Summary
Developmental Imaging Facility. This application seeks to establish a facility to undertake expression profiling in vertebrate tissues on a genomic scale and at the highest resolution. Undertaking large scale projects of this nature requires specialised robotics and dedicated infrastructure for microscopy and tissue preparation. This facility will be the first of its type in Australia will permit researchers to perform genomic scale in situ screens, many as part of large international initiative ....Developmental Imaging Facility. This application seeks to establish a facility to undertake expression profiling in vertebrate tissues on a genomic scale and at the highest resolution. Undertaking large scale projects of this nature requires specialised robotics and dedicated infrastructure for microscopy and tissue preparation. This facility will be the first of its type in Australia will permit researchers to perform genomic scale in situ screens, many as part of large international initiatives in developmental and cellular biology. This large-scale, high-resolution expression profiling infrastructure is required to maintain international competitiveness and will dramatically improve our gene discovery, functional assessment and understanding of vertebrate development.Read moreRead less
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2: a newly discovered enzyme with a key role in kidney function. We have discovered an enzyme, IDO2, that metabolises the amino acid tryptophan. The enzyme is found in kidney tubule cells and we propose that IDO2 activity regulates sodium reabsorption by the renal tubular cells. Regulation of sodium balance is important for determining blood pressure in health and disease.
Amino acids as nutrients - the molecular basis of amino acid absorption in kidney and intestine. Nutrition is a critical factor for well being and health. This is highlighted by the increase in frequency of type II diabetes and the obesity problem that all societies with a western diet face. Most studies in nutrition focus on fat and carbohydrates because of their direct involvement in obesity and diabetes. Proteins and the resulting peptides and amino acids, however, form 10-15% of our nutritio ....Amino acids as nutrients - the molecular basis of amino acid absorption in kidney and intestine. Nutrition is a critical factor for well being and health. This is highlighted by the increase in frequency of type II diabetes and the obesity problem that all societies with a western diet face. Most studies in nutrition focus on fat and carbohydrates because of their direct involvement in obesity and diabetes. Proteins and the resulting peptides and amino acids, however, form 10-15% of our nutrition. At a time where protein-rich diets are recommended to fight obesity and diabetes, it is important to understand the basis of protein absorption and metabolism. This project investigates the mechanism and mediators of amino acid absorption in kidney and intestine. Read moreRead less
A bird's eye view of sex: the chicken embryo as a model for gonadal development. The development of an embryo as either male or female (sex determination) is a fundamental biological process that fascinates both scientific and lay communities alike. This project will use the chicken embryo as a unique model organism to study how genes control sex determination. We will bring a novel method to our field of study; the use of avian viruses to deliver genes into embryos. This project will enhance ou ....A bird's eye view of sex: the chicken embryo as a model for gonadal development. The development of an embryo as either male or female (sex determination) is a fundamental biological process that fascinates both scientific and lay communities alike. This project will use the chicken embryo as a unique model organism to study how genes control sex determination. We will bring a novel method to our field of study; the use of avian viruses to deliver genes into embryos. This project will enhance our understanding of a basic biological process. It will have application to the poultry industry, in terms of sex ratio manipulation. It will also aid in the diagnosis of humans born with sexual abnormalities. The project will consolidate Australia's standing as a world leader in the area of reproduction and development.Read moreRead less
Structure and function of heterodimeric amino acid transporters. Recently a new family of amino acid transporters has been identified, the members of which are involved in the delivery of amino acids between cells and tissues. All members display a rather unusual structure in that they require two subunits to be functional. The main aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between large and small subunits. The study will give insight how membrane proteins form complexes in the membran ....Structure and function of heterodimeric amino acid transporters. Recently a new family of amino acid transporters has been identified, the members of which are involved in the delivery of amino acids between cells and tissues. All members display a rather unusual structure in that they require two subunits to be functional. The main aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between large and small subunits. The study will give insight how membrane proteins form complexes in the membrane and how these interactions affect the function of a complex membrane protein.Read moreRead less
Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0567417
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$124,442.00
Summary
eResearch Grid Environment for Integration of Distributed Kidney Models and Resources. We aim to produce a collaborative computing based approach to integrating and representing distributed renal models and resources that will enable researchers to gain access to and interact with the models and databases irrespective of format or location, permitting quantitative online exploration of new hypotheses within a variety of simulations. We will develop a portal providing an interactive 3D visualisat ....eResearch Grid Environment for Integration of Distributed Kidney Models and Resources. We aim to produce a collaborative computing based approach to integrating and representing distributed renal models and resources that will enable researchers to gain access to and interact with the models and databases irrespective of format or location, permitting quantitative online exploration of new hypotheses within a variety of simulations. We will develop a portal providing an interactive 3D visualisation of the kidney as a user interface to a collection of distributed published models and extracted resources at all levels of renal physiology. The models will be hosted in France, New Zealand, Australia and the USA and be made available internationally to client users using Grid-based distributed computing systems.
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Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0561229
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$518,427.00
Summary
Establishment of a Multiphoton Microscope Imaging Platform for Live Cell and Tissue, and Optical Imaging. This proposal seeks to establish a multidisciplinary multiphoton imaging laboratory, expanding the imaging capabilities of a Core Regional Imaging Facility. This Facility supports researchers across all Monash campuses and hospital-based research Schools, as well as outside research groups in the Victorian region. Furthermore, this equipment will support significant fiber optic research at V ....Establishment of a Multiphoton Microscope Imaging Platform for Live Cell and Tissue, and Optical Imaging. This proposal seeks to establish a multidisciplinary multiphoton imaging laboratory, expanding the imaging capabilities of a Core Regional Imaging Facility. This Facility supports researchers across all Monash campuses and hospital-based research Schools, as well as outside research groups in the Victorian region. Furthermore, this equipment will support significant fiber optic research at Victoria University for the development of communication and endoscopic technology. The instrument design will allow multiple use of the lightsource and choice of specific imaging devices (microscopes) to ensure that applications in biocellular imaging, intravital microscopy and fiber optic design and imaging are individually optimised.Read moreRead less