Undermining fungal defences by targeting their functional amyloid armour. This project will determine how a protective protein coating forms on the surface of fungal spores and infectious structures. This coating is comprised of amyloid protein fibrils and is used by fungi to improve efficiency of infection and to avoid detection by the host plant or animal. We have discovered novel small molecules that prevent the fibrils from forming. This project will use these molecules to reveal the details ....Undermining fungal defences by targeting their functional amyloid armour. This project will determine how a protective protein coating forms on the surface of fungal spores and infectious structures. This coating is comprised of amyloid protein fibrils and is used by fungi to improve efficiency of infection and to avoid detection by the host plant or animal. We have discovered novel small molecules that prevent the fibrils from forming. This project will use these molecules to reveal the details of the fibril assembly mechanism and find the best way to undermine this fungal defence system. This knowledge will enable the development of potent small molecule inhibitors to treat fungal infections that blight crops and harm animals, and the production of new layered biomaterials for nanotechnology applications.Read moreRead less
Switching partners: a driving force for tree productivity in a changing environment? Eucalypts take part in a mutually beneficial association with diverse communities of mycorrhizal fungi to satisfy nutrient demands. The fungi that eucalypts interact with change as they grow but the reasons for this shift are not known. To improve forestry management strategies, the project will determine why and how this shift occurs.
Getting to the root of the matter: predicting plant benefits from arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. Massive efforts are underway to select beneficial root traits that enhance resource acquisition and productivity. These efforts are usually conducted while excluding mutually beneficial mycorrhizal partnerships, which include two-thirds of higher plants. These efforts are likely to lead to artifactual outcomes unless the modifying effects of these partnerships are considered. While mycorrhization ....Getting to the root of the matter: predicting plant benefits from arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. Massive efforts are underway to select beneficial root traits that enhance resource acquisition and productivity. These efforts are usually conducted while excluding mutually beneficial mycorrhizal partnerships, which include two-thirds of higher plants. These efforts are likely to lead to artifactual outcomes unless the modifying effects of these partnerships are considered. While mycorrhization can substantially enhance plant vigour, results are often difficult to replicate due to widespread 'context-dependence'. This research will identify plant and fungal traits that predict how mycorrhizal plants benefit under a variety of contexts, which will improve varietal selection and productivity gains in marginal environments.Read moreRead less
Factors controlling ectomycorrhizal contributions to plant N nutrition. This project aims to define the mechanistic link between nitrogen metabolism in symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi and its effect on the quantity of nitrogen shared with a plant host. Using a genetically diverse population of a key Australian fungal species, the project expects to uncover genetic features related to nitrogen metabolism that correlate to improved support of plant nutrition. Expected outcomes include better under ....Factors controlling ectomycorrhizal contributions to plant N nutrition. This project aims to define the mechanistic link between nitrogen metabolism in symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi and its effect on the quantity of nitrogen shared with a plant host. Using a genetically diverse population of a key Australian fungal species, the project expects to uncover genetic features related to nitrogen metabolism that correlate to improved support of plant nutrition. Expected outcomes include better understanding of plant-microbe interactions, groundwork for tools to better model the role of fungi in soil nutrient cycling and guidelines for plant:fungal pairings in reforestation practices. Overall, these should provide significant benefit to the global effort in understanding the role of soil microbes in plant nutrition.Read moreRead less
Characterising controls of carbon flow from trees into mycorrhizal fungi. This project aims to improve our understanding of below-ground carbon sequestration. A significant portion of plant photosynthate is shuttled to root-associated mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest ecosystems. Therefore, fungal partners of forest trees are valuable carbon sinks. One problem impeding below-ground carbon accounting in forest soils is a lack of understanding concerning the genetic control of how photos ....Characterising controls of carbon flow from trees into mycorrhizal fungi. This project aims to improve our understanding of below-ground carbon sequestration. A significant portion of plant photosynthate is shuttled to root-associated mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest ecosystems. Therefore, fungal partners of forest trees are valuable carbon sinks. One problem impeding below-ground carbon accounting in forest soils is a lack of understanding concerning the genetic control of how photosynthetically fixed sugars are passed to root-associated microbes. This project aims to identify and characterise the sugar transporters that shuttle carbon in ectomycorrhizal plant–fungal interactions and investigate how these are affected by elevated carbon dioxide. It may also identify isolates of mutualistic fungi that could be paired with eucalypt hosts to maximise carbon sequestration and forest productivity.Read moreRead less
Closing the carbon cycle: an ecological understanding of wood decay. The project aims to understand the controls on the return of carbon to the atmosphere within forests, especially focusing on this problem from a microbial perspective. Microbial dynamics and wood decay are crucially important for the global carbon cycle. What the field is lacking is a trait-based ecology of wood decomposers. The project plans to examine the interactions among fungal and oomycete endophytes and decomposers throu ....Closing the carbon cycle: an ecological understanding of wood decay. The project aims to understand the controls on the return of carbon to the atmosphere within forests, especially focusing on this problem from a microbial perspective. Microbial dynamics and wood decay are crucially important for the global carbon cycle. What the field is lacking is a trait-based ecology of wood decomposers. The project plans to examine the interactions among fungal and oomycete endophytes and decomposers through a series of experiments. The expected outcome of this project is a clear understanding of the role of traits in wood decomposer communities, especially their influence on priority effects, competitive hierarchies, and the resultant wood decay rate.Read moreRead less
Are Secreted Proteins determinants of host range in ectomycorrhizal fungi? This project aims to understand the role of small secreted proteins in governing symbiotic fungal-host compatibility and determine the impact of environmental change on the role of these proteins. Using innovative approaches, this project expects to achieve these goals using comparative genomics, transcriptomic analyses and functional characterisation of these proteins within a keystone Australian ectomycorrhizal fungus. ....Are Secreted Proteins determinants of host range in ectomycorrhizal fungi? This project aims to understand the role of small secreted proteins in governing symbiotic fungal-host compatibility and determine the impact of environmental change on the role of these proteins. Using innovative approaches, this project expects to achieve these goals using comparative genomics, transcriptomic analyses and functional characterisation of these proteins within a keystone Australian ectomycorrhizal fungus. It is anticipated that outcomes of this project will add a critical component to the global effort in understanding the role of soil microbes in supporting the health of plants experiencing a variety of climactic conditions. This could provide significant benefits to informing management practices of forest ecosystems.Read moreRead less
Exploring the genetic and functional diversity nexus in ericoid mycorrhizal and related symbioses. Epacrids are important components of the Australian flora and several are considered threatened, yet we know relatively little regarding the importance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungal diversity to their survival. The proposed work will provide essential information on the functional significance of ericoid mycorrhizal endophyte diversity in the growth and survival of epacrids. It will further lead to ....Exploring the genetic and functional diversity nexus in ericoid mycorrhizal and related symbioses. Epacrids are important components of the Australian flora and several are considered threatened, yet we know relatively little regarding the importance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungal diversity to their survival. The proposed work will provide essential information on the functional significance of ericoid mycorrhizal endophyte diversity in the growth and survival of epacrids. It will further lead to improved propagation of epacrids and better informed decisions for sustainable management of Australian native vegetation.Read moreRead less
Plant : fungal symbioses in Australian forests - new perspectives using laser microdissection. Ericaceae are important components of the Australian flora in many habitats, including forests and fragile alpine regions that are significant to Australia's cultural and natural heritage, and several species are considered threatened. This project addresses the fundamental question of whether networks of symbiotic fungal mycelia act as below-ground bridges between Ericaceae plants and tree roots. If d ....Plant : fungal symbioses in Australian forests - new perspectives using laser microdissection. Ericaceae are important components of the Australian flora in many habitats, including forests and fragile alpine regions that are significant to Australia's cultural and natural heritage, and several species are considered threatened. This project addresses the fundamental question of whether networks of symbiotic fungal mycelia act as below-ground bridges between Ericaceae plants and tree roots. If demonstrated, this would alter current views of carbon and nutrient cycling in Australian forests and provide the basis for better informed decisions for the sustainable management of Australian forest resources. This is particularly important in the context of carbon sequestration and future climate change.Read moreRead less
Hydrophobin proteins on the fungal frontline. This project aims to use advanced biophysical techniques to study the role of hydrophobin proteins in three diseases caused by fungi. The specific focus will be on hydrophobins from fungal species that cause severe loss of rice plants, cause invasive growths in humans, and infect the eggs of endangered turtles and result in death of the turtle embryos. Hydrophobins are small fungal proteins that assemble into large biological layers at the boundary ....Hydrophobin proteins on the fungal frontline. This project aims to use advanced biophysical techniques to study the role of hydrophobin proteins in three diseases caused by fungi. The specific focus will be on hydrophobins from fungal species that cause severe loss of rice plants, cause invasive growths in humans, and infect the eggs of endangered turtles and result in death of the turtle embryos. Hydrophobins are small fungal proteins that assemble into large biological layers at the boundary between the fungus and the host. This research aims to focus on characterising the structure of the layers, understanding how they form and how they attach to the host tissue. This work may lead to new antifungal strategies aimed at reducing the impact of these devastating fungal infections.Read moreRead less