The fate of dietary selenium in vivo; a direct approach to linking chemical form with biological activity. Dietary selenium supplementation has great potential as a preventative treatment for a range of human health conditions, including cancer, that widely affect the Australian population. However, the adverse effects of such treatments are not fully recognised. This project will increase our knowledge of how selenium compounds are stored and utilised in the body and relate the information to c ....The fate of dietary selenium in vivo; a direct approach to linking chemical form with biological activity. Dietary selenium supplementation has great potential as a preventative treatment for a range of human health conditions, including cancer, that widely affect the Australian population. However, the adverse effects of such treatments are not fully recognised. This project will increase our knowledge of how selenium compounds are stored and utilised in the body and relate the information to clinical observations regarding dietary intake of selenium and other compounds. The new understanding generated will delineate the conditions for safe intake, so that the beneficial effects associated with selenium supplementation may be harnessed more effectively.Read moreRead less
Metalloproteins and metalloenzymes. Most of the chemical reactions and physical movements in living systems are carried out by proteins. The information for producing proteins from amino acids is stored in the genes, but many biological processes depend on additional atoms or molecules ('cofactors') that are added to a protein after it is assembled. For example, more than 30% of all proteins contain metal atoms which are essential for their function. We are studying the structures of such meta ....Metalloproteins and metalloenzymes. Most of the chemical reactions and physical movements in living systems are carried out by proteins. The information for producing proteins from amino acids is stored in the genes, but many biological processes depend on additional atoms or molecules ('cofactors') that are added to a protein after it is assembled. For example, more than 30% of all proteins contain metal atoms which are essential for their function. We are studying the structures of such metalloproteins and metalloenzymes so that we can better understand their activities with long term aims of creating new molecules for biotechnology and/or drugs.Read moreRead less
Electrochemically Driven Molybdoenzyme Catalysis. Enzymes that catalyse oxidation and reduction reactions need to exchange electrons with their substrate and this supply of electrons needs to be sustained. Artificially reconstituted systems can be developed where the enzyme is coupled with an electrode and the current (electrons) exchanged during the reaction are measured directly. In this project we will reveal whether some unusual and unexplained electrochemical phenomena seen before are relat ....Electrochemically Driven Molybdoenzyme Catalysis. Enzymes that catalyse oxidation and reduction reactions need to exchange electrons with their substrate and this supply of electrons needs to be sustained. Artificially reconstituted systems can be developed where the enzyme is coupled with an electrode and the current (electrons) exchanged during the reaction are measured directly. In this project we will reveal whether some unusual and unexplained electrochemical phenomena seen before are related to the properties of the enzymes themselves or the ways in which their experiments have been conducted.Read moreRead less
Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354751
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$10,000.00
Summary
Australian Bio-Metals Research Network. The aim of the Bio-Metals Research Network is to connect the extensive Australian expertise in the study of metal ions in relation to the Environment, Health and Frontier Technologies. The Network is inter-disciplinary and brings together over 50 group leaders in the biological, biomedical and physical sciences. A major aim of the Network will be to provide a molecular understanding of biological and environmental processes and disease states as well as pr ....Australian Bio-Metals Research Network. The aim of the Bio-Metals Research Network is to connect the extensive Australian expertise in the study of metal ions in relation to the Environment, Health and Frontier Technologies. The Network is inter-disciplinary and brings together over 50 group leaders in the biological, biomedical and physical sciences. A major aim of the Network will be to provide a molecular understanding of biological and environmental processes and disease states as well as providing new materials for the development of new technologies. The Network will interact in research and education with Bio-Metals groups around the world and will develop collaborative funding proposalsRead moreRead less
Chemistry of the Transport of Nutrient Copper in Biological Cells. Nutrient trace metals such as copper are needed for enzymes by living organisms but are toxic in excess. Defects in copper metabolism cause Menkes and Wilson diseases in humans and there are direct connections to neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, motor neuron diseases). It is crucial to understand how healthy cells control toxic but essential copper so that enlightened intervention is possib ....Chemistry of the Transport of Nutrient Copper in Biological Cells. Nutrient trace metals such as copper are needed for enzymes by living organisms but are toxic in excess. Defects in copper metabolism cause Menkes and Wilson diseases in humans and there are direct connections to neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, motor neuron diseases). It is crucial to understand how healthy cells control toxic but essential copper so that enlightened intervention is possible when disturbances of copper metabolism become pathological. The chemistry of key molecules will be studied to reveal their essential properties and thereby to understand the molecular basis of the copper-linked diseases.Read moreRead less
Nanoprobe and Microprobe Spectroscopic Techniques in Drug Design, Probing Mechanisms of Diseases, and Bioinorganic Chemistry. Nanoprobe and microprobe spectroscopic techniques offer unparalleled opportunities to probe the structures and distributions of drugs, carcinogens, and biomolecules in cultured cells and tissues. Such techniques represent new frontiers in understanding in vivo metabolic processes at the molecular level, as well as providing unprecedented information on the metabolism and ....Nanoprobe and Microprobe Spectroscopic Techniques in Drug Design, Probing Mechanisms of Diseases, and Bioinorganic Chemistry. Nanoprobe and microprobe spectroscopic techniques offer unparalleled opportunities to probe the structures and distributions of drugs, carcinogens, and biomolecules in cultured cells and tissues. Such techniques represent new frontiers in understanding in vivo metabolic processes at the molecular level, as well as providing unprecedented information on the metabolism and distributions of pharmaceuticals and toxins involved in the treatment and cause of diseases, such as cancer. This project is aimed at pushing the boundaries of nanoprobe and microprobe (X-ray absorption, SRIXE, PIXE, Raman and two-photon fluorescence) techniques for such applications.Read moreRead less
Molecular Probes for Bio-Metals. The nutrient trace metals are essential to life. Problems with the metabolism of iron, copper and zinc are associated with neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). This proposal will develop molecular probes for detection of iron, zinc, copper, manganese and nickel within biological cells. The work will allow examination of the molecular roles of these bio-metals in unprecedented detail and lead to a bette ....Molecular Probes for Bio-Metals. The nutrient trace metals are essential to life. Problems with the metabolism of iron, copper and zinc are associated with neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). This proposal will develop molecular probes for detection of iron, zinc, copper, manganese and nickel within biological cells. The work will allow examination of the molecular roles of these bio-metals in unprecedented detail and lead to a better understanding of their roles in normal metabolism and in disease.Read moreRead less
Nanosized peptide nucleic acid - metal complex hybrids as catalysts for the cleavage of phosphate ester bonds in biological molecules. The information from Human Genome Project is being used to generate molecules with a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The capability to design, synthesise and manipulate functional molecules that mimic biological processes will underpin many emerging applications. In this project, macrocyclic metal complexes that catalyse the cleavage of phosph ....Nanosized peptide nucleic acid - metal complex hybrids as catalysts for the cleavage of phosphate ester bonds in biological molecules. The information from Human Genome Project is being used to generate molecules with a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The capability to design, synthesise and manipulate functional molecules that mimic biological processes will underpin many emerging applications. In this project, macrocyclic metal complexes that catalyse the cleavage of phosphate ester bonds in biological molecules will be developed. Active complexes will be incorporated into nanosized peptide nucleic acid (PNA) - metal complex hybrids and applied as artificial enzymes in the sequence specific cleavage of RNA and DNA. Novel applications of these ?artificial enzymes? in biotechnology are anticipated.Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0344441
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$390,000.00
Summary
New Generation Metalloenzyme Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectrometer Systems. Funding is sought to enhance the existing collaborations between UQ, ANU, Sydney and other universities in the study of metal-centred molecules of biological interest through the construction of advanced magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrometers. These facilities will be the best instruments of their kind, and will enable researchers at Australian institutions to enhance the quality of their research and remain ....New Generation Metalloenzyme Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectrometer Systems. Funding is sought to enhance the existing collaborations between UQ, ANU, Sydney and other universities in the study of metal-centred molecules of biological interest through the construction of advanced magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrometers. These facilities will be the best instruments of their kind, and will enable researchers at Australian institutions to enhance the quality of their research and remain internationally competitive through the application of modern MCD spectroscopic techniques to the study of metal-centred biomolecules. These facilities will drive a number of programs in the area of metalloenzyme and photosystem II research.Read moreRead less
Nanoprobe and Microprobe Structural and Spectroscopic Studies in Biomedical Research. Breakthrough microprobe and nanoprobe technologies, involving X-ray, visible and infrared light can focus into different components of mammalian cells in order to interrogate the biochemistry that is occurring therein. Each of the different wavelengths of light provides complementary biochemical information that enables multi-layered information on changes in cells that occur as a function of drug treatments a ....Nanoprobe and Microprobe Structural and Spectroscopic Studies in Biomedical Research. Breakthrough microprobe and nanoprobe technologies, involving X-ray, visible and infrared light can focus into different components of mammalian cells in order to interrogate the biochemistry that is occurring therein. Each of the different wavelengths of light provides complementary biochemical information that enables multi-layered information on changes in cells that occur as a function of drug treatments and disease processes. This will provide unprecedented information as to where drugs go and how they are transformed inside cells that, in turn, may revolutionalise the way in which new drugs are designed that have higher specificity and lower side effects.Read moreRead less