Reverting coastal acid sulfate soils to wetlands: Biogeochemical processes and environmental benefits. Reverting acid sulfate soils to wetlands offers an economically viable alternative management opportunity to lock up acidity, metals and nutrients to protect our rivers and estuaries. This study will re-establish a salt water and fresh water wetland in a severely degraded acid sulfate soil area and monitor the biogeochemistry to assess how well wetlands can reduce acid sulfate soil impacts. T ....Reverting coastal acid sulfate soils to wetlands: Biogeochemical processes and environmental benefits. Reverting acid sulfate soils to wetlands offers an economically viable alternative management opportunity to lock up acidity, metals and nutrients to protect our rivers and estuaries. This study will re-establish a salt water and fresh water wetland in a severely degraded acid sulfate soil area and monitor the biogeochemistry to assess how well wetlands can reduce acid sulfate soil impacts. The systematic and detailed investigation being proposed will greatly advance the national and international understanding of how acid sulfate soils can be managed to protect our precious coastal floodplain soils and water resources.Read moreRead less
Unraveling the oxidative geochemistry of nanoparticulate mackinawite in acid sulfate soil landscapes. Acid sulfate soils impact over 8 million ha of valuable coastal land in Australia, and over 24 million ha throughout the world. Drainage from acid sulfate soil waterways is a major threat to water quality, ecosystem health, agricultural sustainability and fisheries productivity. The practical benefits of this project arise from an improved understanding of the processes controlling water qualit ....Unraveling the oxidative geochemistry of nanoparticulate mackinawite in acid sulfate soil landscapes. Acid sulfate soils impact over 8 million ha of valuable coastal land in Australia, and over 24 million ha throughout the world. Drainage from acid sulfate soil waterways is a major threat to water quality, ecosystem health, agricultural sustainability and fisheries productivity. The practical benefits of this project arise from an improved understanding of the processes controlling water quality and associated resources in these areas. The intellectual benefits include the development of novel geochemical concepts involving sulfur minerals that are central to coastal rivers, wetlands and estuaries. This project will enhance Australia's capacity for sustainable environmental management.Read moreRead less
Surface-ground water interactions and increasing salinity in the upper Hunter River. Australia's first salinity trading scheme, to limit impacts of industrial saline wastewater discharges, operates in the Hunter Region, NSW. Despite it, a recent audit suggests stream salinity levels will continue to rise over the next century. No assessment tools are available to identify causes of salinity increases in sub-catchments of the Hunter. This severely limits rehabilitation strategies aimed at address ....Surface-ground water interactions and increasing salinity in the upper Hunter River. Australia's first salinity trading scheme, to limit impacts of industrial saline wastewater discharges, operates in the Hunter Region, NSW. Despite it, a recent audit suggests stream salinity levels will continue to rise over the next century. No assessment tools are available to identify causes of salinity increases in sub-catchments of the Hunter. This severely limits rehabilitation strategies aimed at addressing river salinity. Current rehabilitation focuses on revegetation of recharge and discharge areas, with limited understanding of the primary local drivers for salinity, and without assessment of whether rehabilitation is addressing or exacerbating problems. This project aims to supply that understanding.Read moreRead less
Sulfide Partial Melting at Broken Hill: Process and Implications. Based entirely on experimental studies, we suggested that the sulfide ore at Broken Hill, N.S.W., partially melted during granulite-facies metamorphism. Our subsequent discovery of sulfide melt inclusions in silicates associated with the ore strongly supports this assertion. This proposed research will evaluate the extent of melting and the composition of such a melt as well as the effect of this melt on the rocks surrounding the ....Sulfide Partial Melting at Broken Hill: Process and Implications. Based entirely on experimental studies, we suggested that the sulfide ore at Broken Hill, N.S.W., partially melted during granulite-facies metamorphism. Our subsequent discovery of sulfide melt inclusions in silicates associated with the ore strongly supports this assertion. This proposed research will evaluate the extent of melting and the composition of such a melt as well as the effect of this melt on the rocks surrounding the ore. The results of this basic research will not only impact on Broken Hill genetic models specifically, but could profoundly effect our understanding of metamorphic and magmatic sulfide deposits globally.Read moreRead less
The Origin of Australian Opal Deposits: Unlocking the Secrets of an Australian Icon. Opal is the National Gemstone of Australia. With over 95% of world's precious opal being mined in Australia, this precious mineral is not only one of our major export earners but also the life blood of many central Australian townships. Despite its economic significance and long history of mining little is known about the formation of opal. Consequently, exploration is still based on old-fashioned prospecting me ....The Origin of Australian Opal Deposits: Unlocking the Secrets of an Australian Icon. Opal is the National Gemstone of Australia. With over 95% of world's precious opal being mined in Australia, this precious mineral is not only one of our major export earners but also the life blood of many central Australian townships. Despite its economic significance and long history of mining little is known about the formation of opal. Consequently, exploration is still based on old-fashioned prospecting methods rather than on genetic exploration models that have made base metal exploration so successful. The aim of this project is to investigate the processes controlling the formation of Australian opal and to use this information to construct an exploration model that will lead to more effective and efficient exploration methods.Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0989828
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$245,000.00
Summary
An X-ray fluorescence analysis system to replace an existing 16 year old instrument. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a basic analytical tool for the accurate and precise determination of the chemical composition of rock samples. Access to this technology is essential for the successful operation of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits. The Centre undertakes cutting-edge research on the geology, genesis, discovery and recovery of new mineral resources and equipping the Australian miner ....An X-ray fluorescence analysis system to replace an existing 16 year old instrument. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a basic analytical tool for the accurate and precise determination of the chemical composition of rock samples. Access to this technology is essential for the successful operation of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits. The Centre undertakes cutting-edge research on the geology, genesis, discovery and recovery of new mineral resources and equipping the Australian minerals industry with world-class graduates. These activities are within National Research Priorities ((An Environmentally Sustainable Australia - Discovering Deep Earth Resources) and at the core of Australian national interests.Read moreRead less
Resolving uncertainty over the importance of N-fixation versus denitrification in coastal systems. Nutrient enrichment of coastal waters is a significant national and international problem requiring urgent action. Despite many studies and many millions of dollars in research funding we know virtually nothing about the relative importance of the major nitrogen cycling pathways, N-fixation and denitrification. Many hundred's of millions of dollars are likely to be spent over the next ten years on ....Resolving uncertainty over the importance of N-fixation versus denitrification in coastal systems. Nutrient enrichment of coastal waters is a significant national and international problem requiring urgent action. Despite many studies and many millions of dollars in research funding we know virtually nothing about the relative importance of the major nitrogen cycling pathways, N-fixation and denitrification. Many hundred's of millions of dollars are likely to be spent over the next ten years on the management of nitrogen enrichment of Australia's coastal waters. This study will use a new method for directly measuring N-fixation to resolve uncertainty over the importance of N-fixation versus denitrification in coastal systems; information which is critical for the efficient allocation of management resources.Read moreRead less
Understanding the Sibao Orogenic Belt in South China: A Part of the Rodinian Supercontinent Assembly Adjacent to Australia. The Sibao Orogenic Belt (SOB) in South China is regarded as one of the worldwide 1300-1000 Ma mountain belts that record the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. However, recent work suggests that some of these mountain belts, including the SOB, were probably active until 900 Ma, thus questioning parts of the early Rodinia reconstructions. In this study we aim to deter ....Understanding the Sibao Orogenic Belt in South China: A Part of the Rodinian Supercontinent Assembly Adjacent to Australia. The Sibao Orogenic Belt (SOB) in South China is regarded as one of the worldwide 1300-1000 Ma mountain belts that record the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. However, recent work suggests that some of these mountain belts, including the SOB, were probably active until 900 Ma, thus questioning parts of the early Rodinia reconstructions. In this study we aim to determine the ages, and geochemical and structural characteristics of key tectonic units in the SOB. This will lead to a better understanding of the assembly process of Rodinia, and events occurring in continental blocks adjacent to Australia at that time.Read moreRead less
Impacts of climate change on coastal floodplain wetland biogeochemistry and surface water quality. The most vulnerable Australian landscapes to global warming driven sea-level rise are our low-lying coastal floodplains. Seawater inundation dramatically affects soil chemistry and water quality. Over 74,000 km2 of the low-lying coastal floodplains of Australia contain acid sulfate soils. For these soils, seawater inundation has the potential to greatly enhance the release of acidity, with a high c ....Impacts of climate change on coastal floodplain wetland biogeochemistry and surface water quality. The most vulnerable Australian landscapes to global warming driven sea-level rise are our low-lying coastal floodplains. Seawater inundation dramatically affects soil chemistry and water quality. Over 74,000 km2 of the low-lying coastal floodplains of Australia contain acid sulfate soils. For these soils, seawater inundation has the potential to greatly enhance the release of acidity, with a high capacity to severely degrade wetlands, estuaries and farmland. This project will directly contribute to our national capacity to assess and manage impacts from climate change, providing greater protection of our coastal floodplains resources.Read moreRead less
The Southern Ocean's role in determining atmospheric CO2 levels: new insights from novel biogenic silica records of seawater pH. About half the emissions from the burning of fossil fuel since the Industrial Revolution have been absorbed by the oceans. However, considerable uncertainty surrounds the consequences of and the extent to which the oceans will continue to sequester CO2 into the future. This research will improve existing limited knowledge of the key biological and related ocean process ....The Southern Ocean's role in determining atmospheric CO2 levels: new insights from novel biogenic silica records of seawater pH. About half the emissions from the burning of fossil fuel since the Industrial Revolution have been absorbed by the oceans. However, considerable uncertainty surrounds the consequences of and the extent to which the oceans will continue to sequester CO2 into the future. This research will improve existing limited knowledge of the key biological and related ocean processes that transfer CO2 between the surface and depth, and the poorly understood effects on marine ecosystems of increasing ocean acidity due to CO2 absorption. This knowledge will contribute to predicting the course of future climate change and gauging the impacts on marine life and production systems.Read moreRead less