The development and testing of a theory of the processes that shape material culture diversity using a New Guinea dataset. Australian museums hold approximately 150,000 artefacts from the Pacific. Estimates of overseas holdings suggest another 500,000. From these collections, objects are selected for research or exhibition based on restricted themes. No attempt has yet been made to utilise these collections in a comprehensive way to maximise their research potential. This has now been done for t ....The development and testing of a theory of the processes that shape material culture diversity using a New Guinea dataset. Australian museums hold approximately 150,000 artefacts from the Pacific. Estimates of overseas holdings suggest another 500,000. From these collections, objects are selected for research or exhibition based on restricted themes. No attempt has yet been made to utilise these collections in a comprehensive way to maximise their research potential. This has now been done for the north-central region of New Guinea and the available information provides the opportunity to develop a theory of the processes that bring about diversity of material culture. Such a theory would be of international significance for ethnologists and archaeologists and add value to publicly-funded collections.Read moreRead less
The contribution of South Asia to the peopling of Australasia. This project focuses on the human fossil record from three regions critical to understanding the origins of our species, Homo sapiens. Australia is crucial in view of its diverse array of "gracile" and "robust" human remains of Late Pleistocene/early Holocene age. Equally important are South and Southeast Asia as they lined the tropical route between Africa, our species' Late Pleistocene homeland according to the Out of Africa theory ....The contribution of South Asia to the peopling of Australasia. This project focuses on the human fossil record from three regions critical to understanding the origins of our species, Homo sapiens. Australia is crucial in view of its diverse array of "gracile" and "robust" human remains of Late Pleistocene/early Holocene age. Equally important are South and Southeast Asia as they lined the tropical route between Africa, our species' Late Pleistocene homeland according to the Out of Africa theory, and Australia. Osteological and archaeological evidence of the selection pressures that operated on earlier hunter-gatherers will be employed to explain the observed patterns of morphological evolution throughout the study region.Read moreRead less
The Flores hobbit - Homo floresiensis or microcephalic eastern Indonesian? The hobbit is so controversial as it implies that a tiny hominin with a miniature brain coexisted for 30,000 years with modern humans in our region. This would have immense, fundamental implications for understanding the human colonisation of our region and the role of brain size in human evolution. Our research will determine whether the alternative explanation of microcephalic pathology is viable. If so the hobbit would ....The Flores hobbit - Homo floresiensis or microcephalic eastern Indonesian? The hobbit is so controversial as it implies that a tiny hominin with a miniature brain coexisted for 30,000 years with modern humans in our region. This would have immense, fundamental implications for understanding the human colonisation of our region and the role of brain size in human evolution. Our research will determine whether the alternative explanation of microcephalic pathology is viable. If so the hobbit would still be of unique signficance as the only known microcephalic hunter-gatherer who had survived to adulthood. The role of Australian scientists in spearheading the hobbit discovery places a high priority on resolving the debate objectively.Read moreRead less
Enlightened Explorations?: Revisioning Gender and Sexuality in British and French Exploratory Voyages of the Pacific. This project aims to compare the representations of gender and sexuality on British and French exploratory voyages of the Pacific from the late eighteenth to the mid- nineteenth century. Starting from the islands of Samoa (Tcherkézoff ) and Vanuatu (Jolly), we will consider the centrality of gender and sexuality in categorizations of different ?races? or ?nations? and especially ....Enlightened Explorations?: Revisioning Gender and Sexuality in British and French Exploratory Voyages of the Pacific. This project aims to compare the representations of gender and sexuality on British and French exploratory voyages of the Pacific from the late eighteenth to the mid- nineteenth century. Starting from the islands of Samoa (Tcherkézoff ) and Vanuatu (Jolly), we will consider the centrality of gender and sexuality in categorizations of different ?races? or ?nations? and especially the distillation of the contrast between Polynesia and Melanesia. These voyages were foundational not just for enduring European visions of the Pacific but for Islander perceptions of and relations with Europeans, and later transformations of indigenous patterns of gender and sexuality.Read moreRead less
Assessing lithic evidence for the impact of the Toba super-eruption (74,000 years ago) on long-term cultural, biological and ecological histories on the Indian subcontinent. Human evolution in India has significant implications for the origins of the first Australians, and will contribute to understanding our shared and recent common ancestry and the emergence of human diversity. This project demonstrates that Australia is committed to understanding the origins of modern humans and solving resea ....Assessing lithic evidence for the impact of the Toba super-eruption (74,000 years ago) on long-term cultural, biological and ecological histories on the Indian subcontinent. Human evolution in India has significant implications for the origins of the first Australians, and will contribute to understanding our shared and recent common ancestry and the emergence of human diversity. This project demonstrates that Australia is committed to understanding the origins of modern humans and solving research problems within and beyond our geographic region. Australian archaeological innovations, when applied to global issues, will showcase Australian scientific expertise and achievements. The international collaborative nature of the project demonstrates Australian universities are engaged in high-profile research. The project will also train high-quality research students and create new collaborative initiatives. Read moreRead less
Asia's first people: the role of East Asia in human evolution during the past half million years. A new statement about the importance of East Asia in our evolution is long overdue. The evolutionary development of humans between 500,000 and 20,000 years ago will be examined from archaeological, biological, faunal, ecological, environmental and migrational perspectives. We will synthesise the scattered East Asian literature, examine unpublished material in situ and conduct new fieldwork. Excava ....Asia's first people: the role of East Asia in human evolution during the past half million years. A new statement about the importance of East Asia in our evolution is long overdue. The evolutionary development of humans between 500,000 and 20,000 years ago will be examined from archaeological, biological, faunal, ecological, environmental and migrational perspectives. We will synthesise the scattered East Asian literature, examine unpublished material in situ and conduct new fieldwork. Excavations will take place at two locations in Myanmar, the first in 50 years. Permission has already been granted by the national government and local authorities for our team to have access and to begin work.Read moreRead less
Sexual contracts in Burma and Cambodia: Intersections of Desire, Duty and Debt. Prostitution, sex trafficking, and violence against women are global concerns. A better understanding of the underlying context that permits women and children to be abused in this manner in other cultures will allow Australia to assist in addressing these problems - in our own multicultural society and abroad - in a culturally appropriate manner that will prove far more effective than current approaches. Australia h ....Sexual contracts in Burma and Cambodia: Intersections of Desire, Duty and Debt. Prostitution, sex trafficking, and violence against women are global concerns. A better understanding of the underlying context that permits women and children to be abused in this manner in other cultures will allow Australia to assist in addressing these problems - in our own multicultural society and abroad - in a culturally appropriate manner that will prove far more effective than current approaches. Australia has long been regarded as a leader in the Asia-Pacific region, especially regarding crime prevention and protecting the rights of marginalised groups. The research outcomes of this project have practical applications that can only enhance our reputation.Read moreRead less
Anthropological and Aboriginal perspectives on the Donald Thomson Collection: material culture, collecting and identity. This partnership offers a unique opportunity to combine anthropological research, museum practice and Indigenous community participation to explore the Donald Thomson Arnhem Land Ethnographic Collection. This is the most comprehensive collection of material culture made from any group in Australia while people were still living independently in the bush. This Collection is no ....Anthropological and Aboriginal perspectives on the Donald Thomson Collection: material culture, collecting and identity. This partnership offers a unique opportunity to combine anthropological research, museum practice and Indigenous community participation to explore the Donald Thomson Arnhem Land Ethnographic Collection. This is the most comprehensive collection of material culture made from any group in Australia while people were still living independently in the bush. This Collection is now of major cultural significance for non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians and can yield important insights into past socio-cultural life, Yolngu ethnotechnological skills and knowledge and the nature of collecting. The project will benefit many sectors including the museum-going public and the Yolngu.Read moreRead less
Exploring Relationships between Material Culture and Language, Propinquity, Population, Subsistence and Environment in the Upper Sepik-Central New Guinea Regions. This project will explore relationships between material culture, language, geographical proximity, population size and density, subsistence systems, and environmental characteristics in two adjacent regions - the upper Sepik and the highlands of central New Guinea. The role of trade, inter-marriage, migration, ritual and warfare in af ....Exploring Relationships between Material Culture and Language, Propinquity, Population, Subsistence and Environment in the Upper Sepik-Central New Guinea Regions. This project will explore relationships between material culture, language, geographical proximity, population size and density, subsistence systems, and environmental characteristics in two adjacent regions - the upper Sepik and the highlands of central New Guinea. The role of trade, inter-marriage, migration, ritual and warfare in affecting relationships among the variables will be assessed. This is the first project to examine so many objects (8000+) in such detail for two contrasting regions in the Pacific. It will clarify the role of language vis-a-vis other variables in determining the identifiability of objects produced in those regions and has practical cultural heritage outcomes.Read moreRead less
Nomadic or sedentary? Determining lifestyle and subsistence of past populations in Central Asia using osteological, bone chemical and genetic techniques. The aim of the research is to apply a range of osteological analytical techniques to investigatge subsistence patterns of past populations from the heart of Central Asia. Morphological, bone chemical and genetic analyses will be undertaken on previously unstudied collections of archaeological human skeletal remains recovered from burial grounds ....Nomadic or sedentary? Determining lifestyle and subsistence of past populations in Central Asia using osteological, bone chemical and genetic techniques. The aim of the research is to apply a range of osteological analytical techniques to investigatge subsistence patterns of past populations from the heart of Central Asia. Morphological, bone chemical and genetic analyses will be undertaken on previously unstudied collections of archaeological human skeletal remains recovered from burial grounds located on the Ustiurt Plateau and the banks of the Amu Dariya, Uzbekistan. In conjunction with the existing archaeological record, these anlyses will reveal the nature of subsistence patterns, economy and inter-relationships of ancient Central Asian peoples, with the ultimate aim of differentiating nomadic and sedentary lifestyles.Read moreRead less