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Geology and geochemistry of Permian and Triassic sediments in Perth Basin for exploration of petroleum in WA. A mutlidisciplinery approach using molecular organic geochemical analyses combined with geological information will innovatively contribute to a coherent portrayal of the decline, collapse and subsequent recovery of biological species at the Permian/Triassic extinction event in Western Australia and other parts of the world. The proposed study will particulary focus on environmental ch ....Geology and geochemistry of Permian and Triassic sediments in Perth Basin for exploration of petroleum in WA. A mutlidisciplinery approach using molecular organic geochemical analyses combined with geological information will innovatively contribute to a coherent portrayal of the decline, collapse and subsequent recovery of biological species at the Permian/Triassic extinction event in Western Australia and other parts of the world. The proposed study will particulary focus on environmental changes closely related to deposition of petroleum source rocks globally but also focussing on the Perth Basin of the Triassic. This information will then be used to better identify rocks in Australia offering good sources of petroleum.Read moreRead less
Application of Advanced Geomatic Techniques to Heritage Recording of Greek Antiquities. Heritage recording documents archaeological sites for the benefit of future research and also to assess site degradation. This project combines the latest laser scanning technology, available through the ARC-funded LASCAN consortium, with satellite-based and digital photogrammetric survey techniques to develop a unique methodology for precise 3D recording of such sites. Records of archaeological test sites in ....Application of Advanced Geomatic Techniques to Heritage Recording of Greek Antiquities. Heritage recording documents archaeological sites for the benefit of future research and also to assess site degradation. This project combines the latest laser scanning technology, available through the ARC-funded LASCAN consortium, with satellite-based and digital photogrammetric survey techniques to develop a unique methodology for precise 3D recording of such sites. Records of archaeological test sites in Greece will contain unprecedented detail, comprising point clouds of greater than five million individual measurements, and spectral information in the infrared and visible wavebands. The large volume of data collected will be managed in a specially designed spatial database, accessible to the general public.Read moreRead less
Integrating Models of Memory for Serial Order. This research aims to compare and integrate computational models of memory for serial order. The applicants have independently developed theoretically novel models, and this collaboration will enable them to combine and strengthen their complementary perspectives.
Much psychologically important processing, for example speech perception and spelling, requires the representation and reproduction of serial order information. Existing models account ....Integrating Models of Memory for Serial Order. This research aims to compare and integrate computational models of memory for serial order. The applicants have independently developed theoretically novel models, and this collaboration will enable them to combine and strengthen their complementary perspectives.
Much psychologically important processing, for example speech perception and spelling, requires the representation and reproduction of serial order information. Existing models account for a wide range of data and collectively represent exciting progress in the understanding of basic mechanisms of memory. Can these models be unified and reconciled? To date, detailed comparisons of models are lacking. This proposal is for the applicants to elaborate and unify their contrasting theoretical approaches.
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A reliable physical model of molecular motion in crystals. The scientific benefits would flow, in the first instance, to the large national and international communities of scientists whose research makes use of the results of X-ray diffraction experiments. Applications of the research to amino acids and peptides will benefit investigations into the structure and molecular dynamics of biological systems, including proteins and enzymes. Studies of charge densities in crystals will obtain a standa ....A reliable physical model of molecular motion in crystals. The scientific benefits would flow, in the first instance, to the large national and international communities of scientists whose research makes use of the results of X-ray diffraction experiments. Applications of the research to amino acids and peptides will benefit investigations into the structure and molecular dynamics of biological systems, including proteins and enzymes. Studies of charge densities in crystals will obtain a standard tool for improved modelling of molecular motion, resulting in physically more realistic charge density functions, and hence greater insight into the relationship between properties of crystals and their constituent molecules.Read moreRead less
Evolution of a two billion year subduction zone: Insights from the integration of microstructure and geochronology. The dynamic evolution of the earth is fundamentally linked to its thermal history. Since, the internal heat production of the earth has changed over time, plate tectonic processes may also have changed over earth history. The manner and timing of this change is highly controversial. We aim to address the nature of tectonic processes 2 billion years ago by studying one of the wor ....Evolution of a two billion year subduction zone: Insights from the integration of microstructure and geochronology. The dynamic evolution of the earth is fundamentally linked to its thermal history. Since, the internal heat production of the earth has changed over time, plate tectonic processes may also have changed over earth history. The manner and timing of this change is highly controversial. We aim to address the nature of tectonic processes 2 billion years ago by studying one of the world's oldest subduction zones (the Usagarian belt in Tanzania). The geometry, kinematics and deformation history of the subduction complex will be integrated with radiometric age dating to quantify the style and rates of ancient tectonic processes.Read moreRead less
NMR Studies of Second Generation Polynuclear Platinum Compounds. Cancer affects one in four Australians and 50% of cancer patients are treated with cisplatin. BBR3464 is a new type of platinum anticancer drug that has shown promise in clinical trials, including results in cancers that do not respond to cisplatin treatment. Second-generation analogues, now under development, may offer significant advantages. This international collaboration between Prof. Berners-Price and the inventor of these ne ....NMR Studies of Second Generation Polynuclear Platinum Compounds. Cancer affects one in four Australians and 50% of cancer patients are treated with cisplatin. BBR3464 is a new type of platinum anticancer drug that has shown promise in clinical trials, including results in cancers that do not respond to cisplatin treatment. Second-generation analogues, now under development, may offer significant advantages. This international collaboration between Prof. Berners-Price and the inventor of these new drugs puts Australian research at the forefront of the clinical development. There is the potential for the generation of new IP from new strategies in the design of improved anticancer drugs. The project builds strong international links and provides international training for Australian PhD students.Read moreRead less
Biomechanics of Needle Insertion. Needle insertion is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. However, the biomechanics of this process is poorly understood. The unknown factors include brain tissue deformation under load imposed by the needle and needle deflection when penetrating brain tissue. We will develop computational models of needle insertion. They will include non-linear material properties of the brain tissue, large deformations, and needle-tissue contact model including fric ....Biomechanics of Needle Insertion. Needle insertion is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. However, the biomechanics of this process is poorly understood. The unknown factors include brain tissue deformation under load imposed by the needle and needle deflection when penetrating brain tissue. We will develop computational models of needle insertion. They will include non-linear material properties of the brain tissue, large deformations, and needle-tissue contact model including friction. The Japanese group will develop testing methods to validate mathematical models. Experimental set-up includes bi-axial x-ray to measure deformation within the tissue and needle deflection, and a sensor measuring reaction force on needle tip and friction force on needle sides.Read moreRead less
The role of water uptake in novel all solid-state polymeric ion sensors. This research will enable the development of robust all solid-state polymeric ion sensors based on unplasticized copolymers. Significantly, the physical and chemical robustness of these copolymer ion sensors will allow their widespread use in new and exciting analytical applications, e.g., in-situ analysis of environmental samples in submersible instruments, clinical analysis of whole blood, in-vivo use of miniaturized ele ....The role of water uptake in novel all solid-state polymeric ion sensors. This research will enable the development of robust all solid-state polymeric ion sensors based on unplasticized copolymers. Significantly, the physical and chemical robustness of these copolymer ion sensors will allow their widespread use in new and exciting analytical applications, e.g., in-situ analysis of environmental samples in submersible instruments, clinical analysis of whole blood, in-vivo use of miniaturized electrodes in biological media, especially single cells and minute samples in biology and forensic science, etc. Extensive use of neutron characterization techniques aligns strongly this project with the new OPAL reactor to be commissioned in 2007.Read moreRead less
The role of time and similarity in short-term memory. The project examines the role of time and similarity in memory for serial order, with the long-term goal to construct a new computational model of short-term memory. The investigators are internationally known for their models, and the collaboration will enable them to combine their complementary perspectives into a unifying theory. Theory construction will be guided by two sets of studies: The first will delineate the circumstances, if any, ....The role of time and similarity in short-term memory. The project examines the role of time and similarity in memory for serial order, with the long-term goal to construct a new computational model of short-term memory. The investigators are internationally known for their models, and the collaboration will enable them to combine their complementary perspectives into a unifying theory. Theory construction will be guided by two sets of studies: The first will delineate the circumstances, if any, under which temporal separation at encoding affects memory. So far, we have shown that temporal distinctiveness has no effect on memory, unless people use temporal gaps to 'chunk' the list. The second set of studies will examine whether phonological similarity determines the strength of encoding.Read moreRead less
Isolation and characterization of cell signalling systems that activate or suppress apoptosis in pathogenic and symbiotic fungal:plant interactions. The key roles of programmed cell death (PCD) in plant disease are becoming apparent. This project will test the hypotheses that successful colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots requires the plant to up-regulate inhibitors of PCD; that susceptibility in plants to necrotrophic fungal pathogens requires triggering of PCD; and that resis ....Isolation and characterization of cell signalling systems that activate or suppress apoptosis in pathogenic and symbiotic fungal:plant interactions. The key roles of programmed cell death (PCD) in plant disease are becoming apparent. This project will test the hypotheses that successful colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots requires the plant to up-regulate inhibitors of PCD; that susceptibility in plants to necrotrophic fungal pathogens requires triggering of PCD; and that resistance is the result of activation of inhibitors of PCD. This international project will have important implications biologically and economically for control of plant disease and symbiosis, will train early career researchers in an area of international expertise and will strengthen collaboration between the US and Australian research groupRead moreRead less