ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0787-0044
Current Organisations
University of South Australia
,
University of Melbourne
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Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-10-2009
DOI: 10.1001/ARCHOPHTHALMOL.2009.242
Abstract: To prospectively collect data on the providers, types, and costs of care for people with impaired vision in Australia. Adults with impaired vision, visual acuity worse than 20/40, were recruited from clinics, vision rehabilitation agencies, and support groups. Participants completed daily diaries for 12 months, entering information on the amount of time they used caregivers and providers and types of care. Demographic information was obtained from questionnaires. The cost of care was calculated using mean hourly wage rates. The mean age of the 114 participants was 66.5 years (standard deviation [SD], 19.7) with 64% of participants female 105 of 114 participants relied on a caregiver at least once during the 12 months. The mean amount of yearly caregiver time used was 152.2 hours (SD, 193 median, 81.3 range, 1-851 hours). The median time represents 4.6% of a working week. There were no significant associations of age, sex, type, or place of residence with the amount of care received (P > or = .1). As most of the caregivers were family members who assisted with transport, written communications, and personal affairs, the "opportunity costs" were calculated. The median annual opportunity cost was A$915 (US $710) (range, $A0-$9653 [US $0-$7491]). This study prospectively obtained data for the cost of caregivers for people with impaired vision. The degree of vision impairment was not associated with the amount of care used but showed a threshold effect: when vision is impaired to the extent that people cannot legally hold a driver's license, reliance on caregivers appears to be independent of the severity of loss of vision.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1080/09286580500536781
Abstract: To determine the reliability of vision-related personal costs collected over 1, 3 and 6 months (extrapolated to 12 months) compared to one-year data. Participants of any age, with a presenting visual acuity of < 20/40 in the better eye and an ability to converse in English, were recruited. Monthly cost diaries, in large print and electronic copies with instructions available in audio and Braille, were used prospectively to collect personal costs. The personal expenses were grouped under four categories, namely: (a) medicines, products and equipment, (b) health and community services, (c) informal care and support and (d) other expenses. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. 104 participants (59 females) with a mean age of 64 years completed the 12-months diaries. Almost 40% of the participants had severe visual impairment (< 20/200) in the better eye and the most common cause of vision loss was AMD (n=40 38%). The mean total personal costs collected from the 12-months diaries were 3,330+/-2,887 AUS dollars. There were no significant differences between the 12-months data and extrapolated 1, 3 and 6-months diaries (t-tests p=0.17, 0.89 and 0.73, respectively). However, the 1-month variation was substantially larger (SD+/-5,860) compared to the 3-month and 6-month variances (SD+/-3,037 and 3,030, respectively) for total costs. Also, compared to the 12-months diaries, the 1-month data consistently recorded the weakest correlation coefficients for all cost categories compared to the other time intervals. Given that diary completion can be particularly challenging for in iduals with impaired vision, a minimum 3-months data collection period can provide reliable estimates of annual costs associated with vision impairment.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2003
DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-9071.2003.00667.X
Abstract: From a societal perspective, chronic eye diseases can affect not only the person who has vision impairment but also the economics of that society. To obtain comprehensive medical and non-medical expenditures for people with impaired vision, direct and indirect costs should be collected. Indirect costs are usually not included in cost evaluation in health economics due to the difficulty of the data collection and analysis. Questionnaires and cost diaries have been developed in this study to estimate total resource use, expenses, and lost production from the participants or their caregivers due to the participants' vision loss. Pilot testing was conducted to verify the format, clarity of instructions, relevance of content and completeness of the questionnaires and diary. Modifications were then made to the format from feedback from the participants. Diaries using large print, audio and Braille facilitate data collection for people with impaired vision.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2008
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 12-12-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/09286580802227394
Abstract: To determine the personal out-of-pocket costs of visual impairment and to examine the expenditure pattern related to eye diseases and the severity of visual impairment. This prospective cohort study recruited participants of any age who were able to converse in English and had presenting visual acuity (VA) of 0.05). Regardless of the type of eye diseases and the severity of visual loss, visual impairment posed a significant financial burden to both the in idual and society.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 14-10-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1080/09286580600966623
Abstract: To describe and evaluate the procedures used to collect personal costs associated with vision impairment using diaries. Participants with impaired vision (VA or = 6/12 with restricted visual fields) were recruited. Twelve-monthly diaries, provided in large print and electronic format (with audio and Braille instruction manuals and personal assistance), were used to record vision-related expenditures grouped under four categories. Two questionnaires were used to collect additional information and to test the validity of the self-reported costs. Of 227 people who consented to participate, 66% (n = 150 91 females mean age = 64.8 years) completed > or = 3 monthly diaries. Of the 150 eligible participants, 68% completed the diaries over 12 months, indicating a relatively high completion rate. The median total cost was AUD 2,417 dollars per annum and median values for the four expenditure categories ranged between AUD 206 dollars and AUD 872 dollars per annum. The data were consistent across different months with no significant difference found between any monthly comparison (t-test p > Bonferroni-adjusted value). Data at 1, 3, and 6 months, extrapolated to annual figures, showed no significant difference from annual total costs, indicating consistency in the data collection periods. A significant association was found between diary data and similar entries in the follow-up questionnaire, confirming the validity of the recorded expenditures (Spearman p < 0.01). Participants commented that the diary method was useful to obtain personal costs. A high response rate was achieved by using diaries and additional assistance methods. The diary provided an accurate and reliable strategy to determine the major personal costs associated with vision impairment.
No related grants have been discovered for Shiao-Lan Chou.