ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4680-1287
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S44199-022-00048-Y
Abstract: In The hitchhiker’s guide to responsible machine learning , Biecek, Kozak, and Zawada (here BKZ) provide an illustrated and engaging step-by-step guide on how to perform a machine learning (ML) analysis such that the algorithms, the software, and the entire process is interpretable and transparent for both the data scientist and the end user. This review summarises BKZ’s book and elaborates on three elements key to ML analyses: inductive inference, causality, and interpretability.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-12-2022
Publisher: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Date: 31-12-1969
DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.UPSY12-5.ASSP
Abstract: A series of experiments were devised to test the idea that sensorimotor systems activate during the processing of emotionally laden stimuli. In Experiments 1 and 2 participants were asked to judge the pleasantness of emotionally laden sentences while participants held a pen in the mouth. Experiments 3 and 4 were similar to the previous experiments, but the experimental materials were emotionally laden images. In Experiment 5 and 6 the same bodily manipulation used throughout the previous experiments was kept while participants judged facial expressions. The first pair of experiments replicated findings suggesting that sensorimotor systems are activated during the processing of emotionally laden language. However, follow-up experiments suggested that dual activation of both perceptual and motor systems is not always necessary. For the particular case of emotionally laden stimuli, results suggested that the perceptual system seems to drive the processing. It is also shown that a high resonance between sensorimotor properties afforded by the stimuli and the sensorimotor systems activated in the cogniser elicit emotional states. The results invite to review radical versions of embodiment accounts and rather support a graded-embodiment view.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00422-015-0651-9
Abstract: Neurons transmit information as action potentials or spikes. Due to the inherent randomness of the inter-spike intervals (ISIs), probabilistic models are often used for their description. Cumulative damage (CD) distributions are a family of probabilistic models that has been widely considered for describing time-related cumulative processes. This family allows us to consider certain deterministic principles for modeling ISIs from a probabilistic viewpoint and to link its parameters to values with biological interpretation. The CD family includes the Birnbaum-Saunders and inverse Gaussian distributions, which possess distinctive properties and theoretical arguments useful for ISI description. We expand the use of CD distributions to the modeling of neural spiking behavior, mainly by testing the suitability of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, which has not been studied in the setting of neural activity. We validate this expansion with original experimental and simulated electrophysiological data.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAINRES.2015.03.050
Abstract: Embodied theories of cognition argue that the processing of both concrete and abstract concepts requires the activation of sensorimotor systems. The present study examined the time course for embedding a sensorimotor context in order to elicit sensitivity to the sensorimotor consequences of understanding body-object interaction (BOI) words. In the study, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects performed a sentence acceptability task. Target BOI words were preceded by rich or poor sensorimotor sentential contexts. The behavioural results replicated previous findings in that high BOI words received a response faster than low BOI words. In addition to this, however, there was a context effect in the sensorimotor region as well as a BOI effect in the parietal region (involved in object representation). The results indicate that the sentential sensorimotor context contributes to the subsequent BOI processing and that action-and perception-related language leads to the activation of the same brain areas, which is consistent with the embodiment theory.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-07-2022
Publisher: Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: University of South Australia Library
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.59453//KHZW9006
Abstract: Ongoing digital transformation in the education sector has led to an increased focus on learning analytics (LA). LA collects and uses students’ data to gain insights about students’ learning and to guide interventions and feedback. Although LA holds tremendous promise for enhancing teaching and learning, there are persistent concerns about the privacy and ethical ramifications of collecting and using student data. One potential solution is the use of Synthetic Data Generators (SDGs) which can learn from real data to generate synthetic data that closely resembles real data. This paper examines the performance of existing SDGs with student data, as well as their capabilities for serving LA. A comparative study was conducted by applying different SDGs in Synthetic Data Vault to real-world student data. We report the efficiencies of different generators and the statistical similarities between synthetic and real data. We test how well SDGs imitate the real student data by fitting generated synthetic data into commonly-used LA models. We evaluate the utility of synthetic data by the alignment of LA outputs trained using synthetic data to the ground truth of student learning outcomes recorded in real data, as well as with outputs of LA models trained by real data.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-016-4747-9
Abstract: Research on the crossmodal correspondences has revealed that seemingly unrelated perceptual information can be matched across the senses in a manner that is consistent across in iduals. An interesting extension of this line of research is to study how sensory information biases action. In the present study, we investigated whether different sounds (i.e. tones and piano chords) would bias participants' hand movements in a free movement task. Right-handed participants were instructed to move a computer mouse in order to represent three tones and two chords. They also had to rate each sound in terms of three visual analogue scales (slow-fast, unpleasant-pleasant, and weak-strong). The results demonstrate that tones and chords influence hand movements, with higher-(lower-)pitched sounds giving rise to a significant bias towards upper (lower) locations in space. These results are discussed in terms of the literature on forward models, embodied cognition, crossmodal correspondences, and mental imagery. Potential applications sports and rehabilitation are discussed briefly.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-04-2019
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Date: 18-01-2016
Abstract: We propose and illustrate a new graphical method to perform diagnostic analyses in two-way contingency tables. In this method, one observation is added or removed from each cell at a time, whilst the other cells are held constant, and the change in a test statistic of interest is graphically represented. The method provides a very simple way of determining how robust our model is (and hence our conclusions) to small changes introduced to the data. We illustrate via four ex les, three of them from real-world applications, how this method works.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-02-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S41809-020-00072-3
Abstract: Smiling is believed to make people look younger. Ganel and Goodale (Psychon Bull Rev 25(6):612–616, 10.3758/s13423-017-1306-8 , 2018) proposed that this belief is a misconception rooted in popular media, based on their findings that people actually perceive smiling faces as older. However, they did not clarify whether this misconception can be generalized across cultures. We tested the cross-cultural validity of Ganel and Goodale’s findings by collecting data from Japanese and Swedish participants. Specifically, we aimed to replicate Ganel and Goodale’s study using segregated sets of Japanese and Swedish facial stimuli, and including Japanese and Swedish participants in groups asked to estimate the age of either Japanese or Swedish faces (two groups of participants × two groups of stimuli four groups total). Our multiverse analytical approach consistently showed that the participants evaluated smiling faces as older in direct evaluations, regardless of the facial stimuli culture or their nationality, although they believed that smiling makes people look younger. Further, we hypothesized that the effect of wrinkles around the eyes on the estimation of age would vary with the stimulus culture, based on previous studies. However, we found no differences in age estimates by stimulus culture in the present study. Our results showed that we successfully replicated Ganel and Goodale (2018) in a cross-cultural context. Our study thus clarified that the belief that smiling makes people look younger is a common cultural misconception.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-10-2015
Publisher: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Date: 06-07-2014
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research
Date: 09-03-2023
Abstract: Learning analytics defines itself with a focus on data from learners and learning environments, with corresponding goals of understanding and optimizing student learning. In this regard, learning analytics research, ideally, should be characterized by studies that make use of data from learners engaged in education systems, should measure student learning, and should make efforts to intervene and improve these learning environments. However, a common concern among members of the learning analytics research community is that these standards are not being met. In two analysis waves, we review a large and comprehensive s le of research articles from the proceedings of the three most recent Learning Analytics and Knowledge conferences, the premier conference venue for learning analytics research, and from articles published during the same time in the Journal of Learning Analytics (over the years of 2020, 2021, and 2022). We find that 37.4% of articles do not analyze data from learners in an education system, 71.1% do not include any measure of learning, and 89.0% of articles do not attempt to intervene in the learning environment. We contrast these findings with the stated definition of learning analytics and infer, like others before us, that scholarship in learning analytics research presently lacks clear direction toward its stated goals. We invite critical discussion of these findings from the learning analytics community, through open peer commentary.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-10-2016
Abstract: We present three strategies to replace the null hypothesis statistical significance testing approach in psychological research: (1) visual representation of cognitive processes and predictions, (2) visual representation of data distributions and choice of the appropriate distribution for analysis, and (3) model comparison. The three strategies have been proposed earlier, so we do not claim originality. Here we propose to combine the three strategies and use them not only as analytical and reporting tools but also to guide the design of research. The first strategy involves a visual representation of the cognitive processes involved in solving the task at hand in the form of a theory or model together with a representation of a pattern of predictions for each condition. The second approach is the GAMLSS approach, which consists of providing a visual representation of distributions to fit the data, and choosing the best distribution that fits the raw data for further analyses. The third strategy is the model comparison approach, which compares the model of the researcher with alternative models. We present a worked ex le in the field of reasoning, in which we follow the three strategies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S44163-022-00023-7
Abstract: Algorithms, data, and AI (ADA) technologies permeate most societies worldwide because of their proven benefits in different areas of life. Governments are the entities in charge of harnessing the benefits of ADA technologies above and beyond providing government services digitally. ADA technologies have the potential to transform the way governments develop and deliver services to citizens, and the way citizens engage with their governments. Conventional public engagement strategies employed by governments have limited both the quality and ersity of deliberation between the citizen and their governments, and the potential for ADA technologies to be employed to improve the experience for both governments and the citizens they serve. In this article we argue that ADA technologies can improve the quality, scope, and reach of public engagement by governments, particularly when coupled with other strategies to ensure legitimacy and accessibility among a broad range of communities and other stakeholders. In particular, we explore the role “narrative building” (NB) can play in facilitating public engagement through the use of ADA technologies. We describe a theoretical implementation of NB enhanced by adding natural language processing, expert knowledge elicitation, and semantic differential rating scales capabilities to increase gains in scale and reach. The theoretical implementation focuses on the public’s opinion on ADA-related technologies, and it derives implications for ethical governance.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-03-2021
DOI: 10.1017/JIE.2021.1
Abstract: Abstract There remains significant under representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australian higher education systems. A number of strategies have been implemented by governments and universities to best support Indigenous students within higher education that have produced varying levels of success in increasing participation, retention and completions. One key strategy is the inclusion of Aboriginal Education Units within universities. The current study aimed to examine students experience and engagement with a range of support services across university, in particular with an Aboriginal Education Unit. Utilising a mixed-method approach, data were collected from 103 students who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander at The University of Adelaide. Overall, students were most satisfied with support provided by family (70%) and the Aboriginal Education Unit (61%), followed by support provided by university faculties (49%), and the wider university (43%). The main reasons students were accessing the Unit was for academic and tutoring purposes, also rating tutoring as the most beneficial service provided by the Unit. This study highlights the importance of examining and evaluating enablers such as support mechanisms from the student perspective and has demonstrated the significant role Aboriginal Education Units play in the student experience, laying a crucial foundation for targeted support initiatives.
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 24-04-2015
DOI: 10.1042/CS20140790
Abstract: To compare the cumulative (3-day) effect of prolonged sitting on metabolic responses during a mixed meal tolerance test (MTT), with sitting that is regularly interrupted with brief bouts of light-intensity walking. Overweight/obese adults (n=19) were recruited for a randomized, 3-day, outpatient, cross-over trial involving: (1) 7-h days of uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and (2) 7-h days of sitting with light-intensity activity breaks [BREAKS 2-min of treadmill walking (3.2 km/h) every 20 min (total: 17 breaks/day)]. On days 1 and 3, participants underwent a MTT (75 g of carbohydrate, 50 g of fat) and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated from hourly blood s les. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were adjusted for gender, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, treatment order and pre-prandial values to determine effects of time, condition and time × condition. The glucose iAUC was 1.3±0.5 and 1.5±0.5 mmol·h·l−1 (mean differences ± S.E.M.) higher in SIT compared with BREAKS on days 1 and 3 respectively (condition effect: P=0.001), with no effect of time (P=0.48) or time × condition (P=0.8). The insulin iAUC was also higher on both days in SIT (day 1: ∆151±73, day 3: ∆91±73 pmol·h·l−1, P=0.01), with no effect of time (P=0.52) or time × condition (P=0.71). There was no between-treatment difference in triglycerides (triacylglycerols) iAUC. There were significant between-condition effects but no temporal change in metabolic responses to MTT, indicating that breaking up of sitting over 3 days sustains, but does not enhance, the lowering of postprandial glucose and insulin.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-11-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ANZS.12374
Abstract: Generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) is a type of distributional regression framework that enables modelling numeric dependent variables via probability distributions other than those of the exponential family. While the cogs behind GAMLSS are provided in Stasinopoulos et al . 2017's book ‘Flexible regression and smoothing using GAMLSS in R, the new book by Rigby et al . considers the distributions implemented in the R software that are usable for GAMLSS modelling. A commented summary of that second book is provided in a supplementary file. Unlike traditional book reviews, two topics in this new book are briefly elaborated on: robustness (Chapter 12) and shape (Chapters 14–16). It is concluded that despite GAMLSS being a powerful and flexible framework for supervised statistical learning, striving for interpretable GAMLSS models is essential.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2019
DOI: 10.3758/S13428-019-01247-9
Abstract: Nonparametric multiple comparisons are a powerful statistical inference tool in psychological studies. In this paper, we review a rank-based nonparametric multiple contrast test procedure (MCTP) and propose an improvement by allowing the procedure to accommodate various effect sizes. In the review, we describe relative effects and show how utilizing the unweighted reference distribution in defining the relative effects in multiple s les may avoid the nontransitive paradoxes. Next, to improve the procedure, we allow the relative effects to be transformed by using the multivariate delta method and suggest a log odds-type transformation, which leads to effect sizes similar to Cohen's d for easier interpretation. Then, we provide theoretical justifications for an asymptotic strong control of the family-wise error rate (FWER) of the proposed method. Finally, we illustrate its use with a simulation study and an ex le from a neuropsychological study. The proposed method is implemented in the 'nparcomp' R package via the 'mctp' function.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 03-10-2023
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 16-11-2020
Abstract: The advent of technological developments is allowing gathering large amounts of data in several research fields. Learning analytics/educational data mining (LA/EDM) has access to big observational unstructured data captured from educational settings and relies mostly on unsupervised machine learning algorithms to make sense of such type of data. Generalised additive models of location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) are supervised statistical learning approaches that allow modelling all the parameters of the distribution of the response variable w.r.t. the explanatory variables. This article briefly introduces the power and flexibility of GAMLSS to the LA/EDM community in order to prompt a distributional and interpretable statistical learning of data.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-08-2019
Publisher: IATED
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11571-022-09813-2
Abstract: Reaction times (RTs) are an essential metric used for understanding the link between brain and behaviour. As research is reaffirming the tight coupling between neuronal and behavioural RTs, thorough statistical modelling of RT data is thus essential to enrich current theories and motivate novel findings. A statistical distribution is proposed herein that is able to model the complete RT’s distribution, including location, scale and shape: the generalised-exponential-Gaussian (GEG) distribution. The GEG distribution enables shifting the attention from traditional means and standard deviations to the entire RT distribution. The mathematical properties of the GEG distribution are presented and investigated via simulations. Additionally, the GEG distribution is featured via four real-life data sets. Finally, we discuss how the proposed distribution can be used for regression analyses via generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS).
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.5334/JOC.77
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.TAAP.2006.04.004
Abstract: Very little is known about arsenic (As) metabolism in healthy populations that are not exposed to high concentrations of As in their food or water. Here we present a study with healthy volunteers from three different ethnic groups, residing in Leicester, UK, which reveals statistically significant differences in the levels of total As in urine and fingernail s les. Urine (n = 63), hair (n = 36) and fingernail (n = 36) s les from Asians, Somali Black-Africans and Whites were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). The results clearly show that the total concentrations of As in urine and fingernail s les of a Somali Black-African population (urine 7.2 microg/g creatinine fingernails 723.1 microg/kg) are significantly (P 0.05) in the level of As in the hair s les from these three groups Somali Black-Africans (116.0 microg/kg), Asians (117.4 microg/kg) and Whites (141.2 microg/kg). Significantly different levels of total As in fingernail and urine and a higher percentage of urinary DMA in the Somali Black-Africans are suggestive of a different pattern of As metabolism in this ethnic group.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S12124-022-09694-4
Abstract: This article discusses the role of gestures in enhancing inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility as the three components of executive functions during the processing of mathematical concepts that are metaphorically described in terms of motion events. Gestures can contribute to the process of inhibition by highlighting the relevant information and keeping the irrelevant information out of focus of attention. Gestures contribute to working memory in two ways during mathematical processing. They increase activity in the motor areas of the brain. Therefore, they may facilitate the process of understanding those mathematical concepts that are described in terms of motion event, as the motor system could play a role in the grounding and the processing of these concepts. Also, gestures can function as an external working memory and keep the visual representation of some parts of information for a short period of time in order to manipulate that information in later stages of processing. Gestures enhance cognitive flexibility by allowing us to have a spatial representation of that concept or idea for a period of time. During this time, we can shift our perspective and process that concept or idea from a variety of perspectives.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJOP.12634
Abstract: Rapidly evaluating our environment's beneficial and detrimental features is critical for our successful functioning. A classic paradigm used to investigate such fast and automatic evaluations is the affective priming (AP) paradigm, where participants classify valenced target stimuli (e.g., words) as good or bad while ignoring the valenced primes (e.g., words). We investigate the differential impact that verbs and adjectives used as primes and targets have on the AP paradigm. Based on earlier work on the Linguistic Category Model, we expect AP effect to be modulated by non‐evaluative properties of the word stimuli , such as the linguistic category (e.g., if the prime is an adjective and the target is a verb versus the reverse). A reduction in the magnitude of the priming effect was predicted for adjective–verb prime‐target pairs compared to verb–adjective prime‐target pairs. Moreover, we implemented a modified crowdsourcing of statistical analyses implementing independently three different statistical approaches. Deriving our conclusions on the converging/ erging evidence provided by the different approaches, we show a clear deductive/inductive asymmetry in AP paradigm (exp. 1), that this asymmetry does not require a focus on the evaluative dimension to emerge (exp. 2) and that the semantic‐based asymmetry weakly extends to valence (exp. 3).
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S11689-022-09440-2
Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. It shares some genetic risk with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and the conditions often occur together. Both are potentially associated with abnormal glutamate and GABA neurotransmission, which can be modelled by measuring the synaptic activity in the retina with an electroretinogram (ERG). Reduction of retinal responses in ASD has been reported, but little is known about retinal activity in ADHD. In this study, we compared the light-adapted ERGs of in iduals with ADHD, ASD and controls to investigate whether retinal responses differ between these neurodevelopmental conditions. Full field light-adapted ERGs were recorded from 15 ADHD, 57 ASD (without ADHD) and 59 control participants, aged from 5.4 to 27.3 years old. A Troland protocol was used with a random series of nine flash strengths from −0.367 to 1.204 log photopic cd.s.m −2 . The time-to-peak and litude of the a- and b-waves and the parameters of the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) were compared amongst the three groups of participants, using generalised estimating equations. Statistically significant elevations of the ERG b-wave litudes, PhNR responses and faster timings of the b-wave time-to-peak were found in those with ADHD compared with both the control and ASD groups. The greatest elevation in the b-wave litudes associated with ADHD were observed at 1.204 log phot cd.s.m −2 flash strength ( p .0001), at which the b-wave litude in ASD was significantly lower than that in the controls. Using this measure, ADHD could be distinguished from ASD with an area under the curve of 0.88. The ERG b-wave litude appears to be a distinctive differential feature for both ADHD and ASD, which produced a reversed pattern of b-wave responses. These findings imply imbalances between glutamate and GABA neurotransmission which primarily regulate the b-wave formation. Abnormalities in the b-wave litude could provisionally serve as a biomarker for both neurodevelopmental conditions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2023
DOI: 10.3758/S13414-023-02670-Z
Abstract: The aim of this report was to analyze reaction times and accuracy in children with a vision impairment performing a feature-based visual search task using a multiverse statistical approach. The search task consisted of set sizes 4, 16, and 24, consisting of distractors (circle) and a target (ellipse) that were presented randomly to school-aged in iduals with or without a vision impairment. Interactions and main effects of key variables relating to reaction times and accuracy were analyzed via a novel statistical method blending GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) and distributional regression trees. Reaction times for the target-present and target-absent conditions were significantly slower in the vision impairment group with increasing set sizes ( p .001). Female participants were significantly slower than were males for set sizes 16 and 24 in the target-absent condition ( p .001), with male participants being significantly slower than females in the target-present condition ( p .001). Accuracy was only significantly worse ( p = .03) for participants less than 14 years of age for the target-absent condition with set sizes 16 and 24. There was a positive association between binocular visual acuity and search time ( p .001). The application of GAMLSS with distributional regression trees to the analysis of visual search data may provide further insights into underlying factors affecting search performance in case-control studies where psychological or physical differences may influence visual search outcomes.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-02-2019
Publisher: University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw
Date: 30-06-2016
DOI: 10.5709/ACP-0191-7
Publisher: Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery
Date: 26-07-2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-04-2019
Publisher: Universidad de San Buenaventura
Date: 09-2018
Abstract: While popular within some cognitive science approaches, the embodiment approach has still found resistance, particularly in light of evidence arguing against strong forms of embodiment. Among other things, the embodiment approach breaks away from the Cartesian ontology of the modulatory system. We claim that the advantages of the embodiment approach are: a) it grounds cognition into modal experience, b) it is harmonious with a materialist philosophy of mind (emergent materialism), and c) it is supported by experimental research in various fields. However, embodiment must still address abstractions, theoretical misunderstandings (representations vs non-representations) and neuroscientific findings that challenge the extension and relevance of sensorimotor properties into cognitive processes. While the strong version of embodiment is seriously challenged by conceptual and physiological setbacks, its weak version is supported by compelling evidence. We suggest future research focus on the psychophysiological bases of grounded cognition and redirect efforts towards the field of cross-modal correspondence.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-02-2021
Abstract: The investigation of the characteristics and attributes that make a brand prominent for shoppers is known as salience research. This line of study concentrates on influencing buying behaviors via the manipulation of shopping environments and food products. Such promotional strategies successfully attract massive food sales and therefore have been associated with changes in dietary patterns and the epidemic expansion of non-communicable diseases, like obesity. Marketers have empirically proven that global buying patterns are influenced by their salience strategies and techniques. However, despite the significance of such methods, empirical salience investigations have rarely been extended beyond their primary business focus to the field of health promotion. Therefore, this study is presenting a way of transferring the salience knowledge to the health promotion field in order to track dietary choices and possibly gain information to identify buying and eating behaviors connected to obesity. The salience literature from various disciplines permits to hypothesize that consumers are more likely to have unhealthy diets when food-choices and conditions are saliently manipulated. A quasi-experimental method (combining salience measures with Bayesian analysis) was used to test this proposition. The results support the hypothesis and endorse the introduced research tool. As predicted, data reflect the latest national overweight and obesity statistics and suggest that habitual unhealthy diets are more likely when salience strategies link food products to taste, social and emotional attributes. These preliminary findings encourage further investigation to enhance the method as a possible epidemiological tool.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2013.03.030
Abstract: While there is mounting evidence explaining how concrete concepts are processed, the evidence demonstrating how abstract concepts are processed is rather scant. Most research illustrating how concrete and abstract concepts are processed has been obtained from adult populations. Consequently, not much is known about how these concepts are processed by children, especially those with sensorimotor impairments. This paper reports a study in which groups of children who were either visual-motor impaired (VMG), blind (BG), or sighted (CG) were requested to perform deictic gestures for temporal and spatial concepts. The results showed that: (i) spatial pointing was performed faster than temporal pointing across all groups of children (ii) such difference in pointing times occurred also within groups and (iii) the slowest pointing times were those of the blind children followed by the VMG and the CG children, respectively. Additionally, while CG children correctly performed the pointing tasks, VMG and, particularly, BG children relied on a form of deixis known as autotopological (or personal) deixis. The results thus suggest that deprivation or lack of sensorimotor experience with the environment affects the processing of abstract concepts and that a compensatory mechanism may be to rely on the body as a reference frame.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-06-2015
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-07-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FNAGI.2021.697065
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a progressive impairment in motor and cognitive functions. Although semantic fluency deficits have been described in PD, more specific semantic memory (SM) and lexical availability (LA) domains have not been previously addressed. Here, we aimed to characterize the cognitive performance of PD patients in a set of SM and LA measures and determine the smallest set of neuropsychological (lexical, semantic, or executive) variables that most accurately classify groups. Thirty early-stage non-demented PD patients (age 35–75, 10 females) and thirty healthy controls (age 36–76, 12 females) were assessed via general cognitive, SM [three subtests of the CaGi battery including living (i.e., elephant) and non-living things (i.e., fork)], and LA (eliciting words from 10 semantic categories related to everyday life) measures. Results showed that PD patients performed lower than controls in two SM global scores (picture naming and naming in response to an oral description). This impairment was particularly pronounced in the non-living things subscale. Also, the number of words in the LA measure was inferior in PD patients than controls, in both larger and smaller semantic fields, showing a more inadequate recall strategy. Notably, the classification algorithms indicated that the SM task had high classification accuracy. In particular, the denomination of non-living things had a classification accuracy of ∼80%. These results suggest that frontostriatal deterioration in PD leads to search strategy deficits in SF and the potential disruption in semantic categorization. These findings are consistent with the embodied view of cognition.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41562-022-01458-9
Abstract: Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that in iduals' subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both lify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.
Publisher: ACCEFYN - Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales
Date: 28-06-2018
Abstract: El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una síntesis original del proceso de correspondencias del gusto con otras modalidades sensoriales. Para ello, los autores presentan el concepto de integración multisensorial entendido como proceso de correspondencias y de suposición de la unidad, ambos facilitados por la congruencia semántica.Asimismo, se muestran ersos estudios que han investigado la percepción del gusto/sabor y sus correspondencias. Los principales resultados hallaron que parámetros específicos de sonidos pueden modificar la experiencia del gusto añadiendo significativamente placer a la experiencia de comer y beber del consumidor. Sin embargo, es importante destacar la relevancia de la validez ecológica en los estudios intermodales. Los autores presentan varias líneas de fructíferas de investigación. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-05-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1344121
Abstract: The valence-space metaphor research area investigates the metaphorical mapping of valenced concepts onto space. Research findings from this area indicate that positive, neutral, and negative concepts are associated with upward, midward, and downward locations, respectively, in the vertical plane. The same research area has also indicated that such concepts seem to have no preferential location on the horizontal plane. The approach-avoidance effect consists in decreasing the distance between positive stimuli and the body (i.e. approach) and increasing the distance between negative stimuli and the body (i.e. avoid). Thus, the valence-space metaphor accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the vertical and horizontal planes, and the approach-avoidance effect accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the "depth" plane. By using a cube conceived for the study of allocation of valenced concepts onto 3D space, we show in three studies that positive concepts are placed in upward locations and near the participants' body, negative concepts are placed in downward locations and far from the participants' body, and neutral concepts are placed in between these concepts in both planes.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-01-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1037/PNE0000252
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-02-2020
Abstract: In this research, we replicated the effect of muscle engagement on perception such that the recognition of another’s facial expressions was biased by the observer’s facial muscular activity (Blaesi & Wilson, 2010). We extended this replication to show that such a modulatory effect is also observed for the recognition of dynamic bodily expressions. Via a multi-lab and within-subjects approach, we investigated the emotion recognition of point-light biological walkers, along with that of morphed face stimuli, while subjects were or were not holding a pen in their teeth. Under the ‘pen-in-the-teeth’ condition, participants tended to lower their threshold of perception of ‘happy’ expressions in facial stimuli compared to the ‘no-pen’ condition thus replicating the experiment by Blaesi and Wilson (2010). A similar effect was found for the biological motion stimuli such that participants lowered their threshold to perceive ‘happy’ walkers in the ‘pen-in-the-teeth’ compared to the ‘no-pen’ condition. This pattern of results was also found in a second experiment in which the ‘no-pen’ condition was replaced by a situation in which participants held a pen in their lips (‘pen-in-lips’ condition). These results suggested that facial muscular activity not only alters the recognition of facial expressions but also bodily expression.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2021
DOI: 10.3758/S13428-021-01595-5
Abstract: Recent replication crisis has led to a number of ad hoc suggestions to decrease the chance of making false positive findings. Among them, Johnson (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 19313-19317, 2013) and Benjamin et al. (Nature Human Behaviour, 2, 6-10 2018) recommend using the significance level of α = 0.005 (0.5%) as opposed to the conventional 0.05 (5%) level. Even though their suggestion is easy to implement, it is unclear whether or not the commonly used statistical tests are robust and/or powerful at such a small significance level. Therefore, the main aim of our study is to investigate the robustness and power curve behaviors of independent (unpaired) two-s le tests for metric and ordinal data at nominal significance levels of α = 0.005 and α = 0.05. Through an extensive simulation study, it is found that the permutation versions of the Welch t-test and the Brunner-Munzel test are particularly robust and powerful while the commonly used two-s le tests which utilize t-distribution tend to be either liberal or conservative, and have peculiar power curve behaviors under skewed distributions with variance heterogeneity.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 11-04-2018
DOI: 10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.3411V2
Abstract: We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = .05 to .005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and s le size much more directly than significance testing does but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for ex le, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p -value threshold of .05, .01, .005, or anything else, is not acceptable.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1075/COGLS
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 26-07-2018
DOI: 10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.3411V3
Abstract: We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = .05 to .005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and s le size much more directly than significance testing does but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for ex le, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p -value threshold of .05, .01, .005, or anything else, is not acceptable.
Publisher: Universidad de San Buenaventura
Date: 30-12-2008
Abstract: Previous theoretical reviews about the development of Psychology in Latin America suggest that Latin American psychology has a promising future. This paper empirically checks whether that status remains justified. In so doing, the frequency of programs/research domains in three salient psychological areas is assessed in Latin America and in two other regions of the world. A chi-square statistic is used to analyse the collected data. Programs/research domains and regions of the world are the independent variables and frequency of programs/research domains per world region is the dependent variable. Results suggest that whereas in Latin America the work on Social/Organizational Psychology is moving within expected parameters, there is a rather strong focus on Clinical/Psychoanalytical Psychology. Results also show that Experimental/Cognitive Psychology is much underestimated. In Asia, however, the focus on all areas of psychology seems to be distributed within expected parameters, whereas Europe outperforms regarding Experimental/Cognitive Psychology research. Potential reasons that contribute to Latin Americas situation are discussed and specific solutions are proposed. It is concluded that the scope of Experimental/Cognitive Psychology in Latin America should be broadened into a Cognitive Science research program.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 14-11-2017
DOI: 10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.3411V1
Abstract: We argue that depending on p-values to reject null hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level for statistical significance from .05 to .005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable criterion levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and determining s le sizes much more directly than significance testing does but none of the statistical tools should replace significance testing as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for ex le, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, or implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of .05, .01, .005, or anything else, is not acceptable.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/WIDM.1479
Abstract: The advent of technological developments is allowing to gather large amounts of data in several research fields. Learning analytics (LA)/educational data mining has access to big observational unstructured data captured from educational settings and relies mostly on unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms to make sense of such type of data. Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) are a supervised statistical learning framework that allows modeling all the parameters of the distribution of the response variable with respect to the explanatory variables. This article overviews the power and flexibility of GAMLSS in relation to some ML techniques. Also, GAMLSS' capability to be tailored toward causality via causal regularization is briefly commented. This overview is illustrated via a data set from the field of LA. This article is categorized under: Application Areas Education and Learning Algorithmic Development Statistics Technologies Machine Learning
Publisher: University of South Australia Library
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.59453/KHZW9006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.03.035
Abstract: Many studies have found processing interference in working memory when complex information that enters the cognitive system from different modalities has to be integrated to understand the environment and promote adjustment. Here, we report on a Stroop study that provides evidence concerned with the crossmodal processing of flavour perception and visual language. We found a facilitation effect in the congruency condition. Acceleration was observed for incomplete words and anagrams compared to complete words. A crossmodal completion account is presented for such findings. It is concluded that the crossmodal integration between flavour and visual language perception requires the active participation of top-down and bottom-up processing.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-04-2019
DOI: 10.1017/JIE.2019.5
Abstract: Abstract Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples remain significantly under-represented in higher education systems. There are significant disparities in university completion rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students compared with their non-Indigenous counterparts. The poor-retention and high-attrition rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students come at significant financial and personal cost for the in idual, families, community, universities and governments. Existing evidence in relation to attrition has identified complex and multifaceted reasons including ill health, family and community responsibilities, financial difficulties, lack of social support, academic disadvantage and issues surrounding personal well-being. The current study aimed to add to evidence of the academic, financial, social support and well-being factors affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander student's decision to continue or withdraw from their university studies. Contrary to expectation, students' decision to withdraw was not related to academic and social factors. It was found that students between 22 and 25 years old strongly agreed they were likely to withdraw from studies. There was a significant association between withdrawal and type of enrolment. This study provided important insights into the factors that contribute to a students' decision to withdraw from their university studies, with implications for future educational interventions.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 02-2023
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate how priming a metaphor by the gestural representation of its schema affects the understanding of that metaphor. In each of the two tests, different groups of participants were invited to judge the sensibility of the same 20 metaphors preceded by congruent versus incongruent gesture primes as compared to no prime. In the congruent gesture-prime conditions, each metaphor was preceded by a gesture that represented the schema of the subsequent metaphor whereas this gesture was not compatible with the schema of the subsequent metaphor in the incongruent gesture-prime conditions. Results showed that a higher proportion of sentences were judged to be sensible in the congruent gesture-prime conditions compared to no-prime and incongruent gesture-prime conditions. Also, response times of sensibility judgements were shorter in congruent gesture-prime conditions compared to no-prime and incongruent gesture-prime conditions. These results suggest that metaphor schema affects metaphor comprehension through the activation of metaphorically-relevant information and suppressing irrelevant information.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-08-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2022
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241/A000059
Abstract: A power analysis of seven normality tests against the Ex-Gaussian distribution (EGd) is presented. The EGd is selected on the basis that it is a particularly well-suited distribution to accommodate positively skewed distributions such as those observed in reaction times data. A pre-assessment of the power of the selected tests across various types of distributions was done via a meta-analysis and a comparison with other power analyses reported in the literature was also performed. General recommendations are given as to which tests should be used to test normality in data suspected to resemble an EG distribution. Additionally, some topics for future research regarding the use of confidence intervals and the computation of accurate critical values are outlined.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-12-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 05-12-2020
Abstract: The aim of this article is to discuss three challenges to the so-called “strong” versions of embodiment. The strong versions of embodied cognition (SVEC) have been successful in explaining how concrete concepts (e.g., pencil) may be understood based on sensory processes, yet they have failed to offer a comprehensive understanding of abstract concepts (e.g., freedom). In this regard, this article pinpoints three areas where the SVEC face limitations. First, the SVEC fail to fully support the active or passive perspective that an agent may assume when processing abstract concepts via embodied metaphorical representations. Second, the SVEC do not offer a compelling explanation for three different types of mental simulation proposed for the representation of non-actual motion semantics: enactive perception, perceptual scanning, and imagination. Third, the SVEC fail to account for inter-in idual, cross-cultural, and context-dependency in the representation of abstract concepts. To summarize, we argue that the findings from the SVEC should be integrated into broader “weak” embodiment theoretical perspectives, which propose that sensory-motor and modality-independent systems are involved in conceptual representations. Finally, we discuss the implications of our core argument in cognitive neuroscience.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2019
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Date: 29-12-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SYM12071140
Abstract: Data from some research fields tend to exhibit a positive skew. For ex le, in experimental psychology, reaction times (RTs) are characterised as being positively skewed. However, it is not unlikely that RTs can take a normal or, even, a negative shape. While the Ex-Gaussian distribution is suitable to model positively skewed data, it cannot cope with negatively skewed data. This manuscript proposes a distribution that can deal with both negative and positive skews: the exponential-centred skew-normal (ECSN) distribution. The mathematical properties of the proposed distribution are reported, and it is featured in two non-synthetic datasets.
Publisher: Universidad de San Buenaventura
Date: 19-08-2020
Abstract: Semantic memory (SM) is a type of long-term memory associated with the storage of general information about the world. Here we assessed the characteristics of the SM battery, developed by Catricalà et al. (2013), in a s le of Colombian children. This battery was originally conceived to evaluate adults, and features six subtests that assess SM in different modalities, using a common set of 48 stimuli in both living and nonliving categories. The design of the current study is of a cross-sectional and exploratory type. The s le was composed of 111 children, 57 boys (51%) and 54 girls (49%), who were 6 (n = 68) and 7 (n = 43) years old and had no intellectual disability. Robust linear regression models and correlation networks were used. We found an effect of age on general intelligence after correcting for gender, and no differences on the six subtest scores after corrections for gender and age were performed. Furthermore, age was found to be positively associated with the naming of colored photographs (β = .75, p = .039), naming in response to an oral description (β = 1.81, p = .039), picture sorting at four levels (β = 7.22, p = .029), and sentence verification (β = 26.66, p = .01). In addition, there were differences between the results obtained in adults in the original study and in the children of our study. This exploratory study supports the feasibility of the Spanish translation of the Catricalà et al. (2013) battery to assess SM in children with a nonclinical condition. Future studies are needed to evaluate the psychometric properties of this SM battery, and to corroborate and expand our findings in a larger s le of control children, and in children with some degree of intellectual disability or suffering of some neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-09-2016
Abstract: People associate basic tastes (e.g., sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) with specific colors (e.g., pink or red, green or yellow, black or purple, and white or blue). In the present study, we investigated whether a color bordered by another color (either the same or different) would give rise to stronger taste associations relative to a single patch of color. We replicate previous findings, highlighting the existence of a robust crossmodal correspondence between in idual colors and basic tastes. On occasion, color pairs were found to communicate taste expectations more consistently than were single color patches. Furthermore, and in contrast to a recent study in which the color pairs were shown side-by-side, participants took no longer to match the color pairs with tastes than the single colors (they had taken twice as long to respond to the color pairs in the previous study). Possible reasons for these results are discussed, and potential applications for the results, and for the testing methodology developed, are outlined.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10339-014-0620-6
Abstract: Several experimental studies have shown that there exists an association between emotion words and the vertical spatial axis. However, the specific conditions under which this conceptual-physical interaction emerges are still unknown, and no study has been devised to test whether longer linguistic units than words can lead to a mapping of emotions on vertical space. In Experiment 1, Spanish and Colombian participants performed a representative verbal emotional contexts production task (RVEC task) requiring participants to produce RVEC for the emotions of joy, sadness, surprise, anger, fear, and disgust. The results showed gender and cultural differences regarding the average number of RVEC produced. The most representative contexts of joy and sadness obtained in Experiment 1 were used in Experiment 2 in a novel spatial-emotional congruency verification task (SECV task). After reading a sentence, the participants had to judge whether a probe word, displayed in either a high or low position on the screen, was congruent or incongruent with the previous sentence. The question was whether the emotion induced by the sentence could modulate the responses to the probes as a function of their position in a vertical axis by means of a metaphorical conceptual-spatial association. Overall, the results indicate that a mapping of emotions on vertical space can occur for linguistic units larger than words, but only when the task demands an explicit affective evaluation of the target.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-04-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/STATS4010014
Abstract: Expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) aims at obtaining in idual representations of experts’ beliefs and render them in the form of probability distributions or functions. In many cases the elicited distributions differ and the challenge in Bayesian inference is then to find ways to reconcile discrepant elicited prior distributions. This paper proposes the parallel analysis of clusters of prior distributions through a hierarchical method for clustering distributions and that can be readily extended to functional data. The proposed method consists of (i) transforming the infinite-dimensional problem into a finite-dimensional one, (ii) using the Hellinger distance to compute the distances between curves and thus (iii) obtaining a hierarchical clustering structure. In a simulation study the proposed method was compared to k-means and agglomerative nesting algorithms and the results showed that the proposed method outperformed those algorithms. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated through an EKE experiment and other functional data sets.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-12-2013
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 06-06-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FNINS.2022.890461
Abstract: To evaluate the electroretinogram waveform in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) approach. A total of 55 ASD, 15 ADHD and 156 control in iduals took part in this study. Full field light-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded using a Troland protocol, accounting for pupil size, with five flash strengths ranging from –0.12 to 1.20 log photopic cd.s.m –2 . A DWT analysis was performed using the Haar wavelet on the waveforms to examine the energy within the time windows of the a- and b-waves and the oscillatory potentials (OPs) which yielded six DWT coefficients related to these parameters. The central frequency bands were from 20–160 Hz relating to the a-wave, b-wave and OPs represented by the coefficients: a20, a40, b20, b40, op80, and op160, respectively. In addition, the b-wave litude and percentage energy contribution of the OPs (%OPs) in the total ERG broadband energy was evaluated. There were significant group differences ( p & 0.001) in the coefficients corresponding to energies in the b-wave (b20, b40) and OPs (op80 and op160) as well as the b-wave litude. Notable differences between the ADHD and control groups were found in the b20 and b40 coefficients. In contrast, the greatest differences between the ASD and control group were found in the op80 and op160 coefficients. The b-wave litude showed both ASD and ADHD significant group differences from the control participants, for flash strengths greater than 0.4 log photopic cd.s.m –2 ( p & 0.001). This methodological approach may provide insights about neuronal activity in studies investigating group differences where retinal signaling may be altered through neurodevelopment or neurodegenerative conditions. However, further work will be required to determine if retinal signal analysis can offer a classification model for neurodevelopmental conditions in which there is a co-occurrence such as ASD and ADHD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-05-2018
Publisher: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Date: 31-12-1969
DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.UPSY12-5.PSIC
Abstract: This special issue brings together the work that researchers around the world are currently carrying out on erse topics in cognitive science and presents it to the research community in Latin America. The purpose behind this special issue is to motivate researchers on the continent to continue the studies presented herein and, ideally through networking with international researchers to initiate a rigorous research agenda in specific topics in cognitive science. This special issue offers a qualitatively comprehensive reviewing system to qualitatively, and a quantitatively assess of the manuscripts submitted. The following sections consider these two aspects.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 19-04-2022
DOI: 10.1108/IJSHE-12-2021-0495
Abstract: The concept of sustainable development (SD) is a popular response to society’s need to preserve and extend the life span of natural resources. One of the 17 goals of the SD is “education quality” (Fourth Goal of Sustainable Development [SDG-4]). Education quality is an important goal because education is a powerful force that can influence social policies and social change. The SDG-4 must be measured in different contexts, and the tools to quantify its effects require exploration. So, this study aims to propose a statistical model to measure the impact of higher education online courses on SD and a structural equation model (SEM) to find constructs or factors that help us explain a sustainability benefits rate. These proposed models integrate the three areas of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. A beta regression model suggests features that include the academic and economic opportunities offered by the institution, the involvement in research activities and the quality of the online courses. A structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis allowed selecting the key variables and constructs that are strongly linked to the SD. One of the key findings showed that the benefit provided by online courses in terms of SD is 62.99% higher than that of offline courses in aspects such as transportation, photocopies, printouts, books, food, clothing, enrolment fees and connectivity. The SEM model needs large s le sizes to have consistent estimations. Thus, despite the obtained estimations in the proposed SEM model being reliable, the authors consider that a limitation of this study was the required time to collect data corresponding to the estimated s le size. This study proposes two novel and different ways to estimate the sustainability benefits rate focused on SDG-4, and machine learning tools are implemented to validate and gain robustness in the estimations of the beta model. Additionally, the SEM model allows us to identify new constructs associated with SDG-4.
Publisher: Universidad de San Buenaventura
Date: 30-06-2010
Abstract: In 1968 John Tukey gave a speech at the American Psychological Association in San Francisco about the relevance of proper data analysis in Psychology (Tukey, 1969). His closing message was that “data analysis needs to be both exploratory and confirmatory” (p. 90). Exploratory data analysis (or EDA) is an approach to analysing data in order to formulate sound hypotheses, whereas confirmatory data analysis (CDA) is a method to test those hypotheses (a.k.a., statistical hypothesis testing). As Tukey announced in his speech, these two analytical tools have been, and are somewhat still, at odds. This special issue presents sixteen papers that cover relevant topics in EDA and CDA with the purpose of bringing together seemingly disparate issues.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-02-2019
Abstract: Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that an in idual’s subjective experience of emotion is influenced by their facial expressions. Evidence for this hypothesis, however, has been mixed. We formed a global adversarial collaboration designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from 3,878 hypothesis-unaware participants from 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both lify and initiate feelings of happiness. Evidence, however, was less conclusive when unobtrusively manipulating facial feedback via a pen-in-mouth task. When present, the effects of facial feedback on happiness were similar in size to the effect of mildly pleasant images.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2016
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 31-12-2017
DOI: 10.1075/PC.17013.MAR
Abstract: Metaphors are cognitive and linguistic tools that allow reasoning. They enable the understanding of abstract domains via elements borrowed from concrete ones. The underlying mechanism in metaphorical mapping is the manipulation of concepts. This article proposes another view on what concepts are and their role in metaphor and reasoning. That is, based on current neuroscientific and behavioural evidence, it is argued that concepts are grounded in perceptual and motor experience with physical and social environments. This definition of concepts is then embedded in the Structure-Mapping Theory (SMT), a model for metaphorical processing and reasoning. The blended view of structure-mapping and embodied cognition offers an insight into the processes through which the target domain of a metaphor is embodied or realised in terms of its base domain. The implications of the proposed embodied SMT model are then discussed and future topics of investigation are outlined.
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Date: 14-07-2016
Abstract: De acuerdo con la estilística y crítica literaria la obra Cien Años de Soledad, escrita por Gabriel García Márquez, se caracteriza por una alusión constante a los personajes de la historia y un narrador que usa un tono neutro para relatar los eventos. En este artículo se utilizan métodos estilométricos para ratificar tales afirmaciones y proveer nuevos resultados acerca de esta novela. Los hallazgos indican que el autor hace uso de palabras abstractas y palabras referentes a objetos con los que se puede interactuar físicamente para producir el efecto lingüístico característico del realismo mágico. Dada la importancia de los resultados a partir de métodos estilométricos, se plantean algunas ideas acerca de las implicaciones que esta metodología puede tener en áreas de la psicolingüística y de la psicología cognitiva.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-12-2020
Abstract: Smiling is believed to make people look younger. Ganel and Goodale (2018) proposed that this belief is a misconception rooted in popular media, based on their findings that people actually perceive smiling faces as older. However, they did not clarify whether this misconception can be generalized across cultures. We tested the cross-cultural validity of Ganel and Goodale’s findings by collecting data from Japanese and Swedish participants. Specifically, we aimed to replicate Ganel and Goodale’s study using segregated sets of Japanese and Swedish facial stimuli, and including Japanese and Swedish participants in groups asked to estimate the age of either Japanese or Swedish faces (two groups of participants × two groups of stimuli four groups total). Our multiverse analytical approach consistently showed that the participants evaluated smiling faces as older in direct evaluations, regardless of the facial stimuli culture or their nationality, although they believed that smiling makes people look younger. Further, we hypothesized that the effect of wrinkles around the eyes on the estimation of age would vary with the stimulus culture, based on previous studies. However, we found no differences in age estimates by stimulus culture in the present study. Our results showed that we successfully replicated Ganel and Goodale (2018) in a cross-cultural context. Our study thus clarified that the belief that smiling makes people look younger is a common cultural misconception.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2015
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2023.1139881
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the embodied conceptualization of hope through metaphors. We asked a group of participants to discuss their hopes in a semi-structured interview. We examined the types of hand, head, and eyebrow gestures produced when they were talking about their future hopes. The obtained results showed that when participants talked about their future hopes, they mainly used forward hand gestures, rightward head gestures, and upward eyebrow gestures. Based on these results, it is suggested that various semantic components and emotional associations of hope are metaphorically embodied in different manners in various parts of the body. The future aspect of hope is conceptualized as a forward movement and is embodied as a forward hand gesture. The good or positive emotional aspect associated with future hopes is metaphorically conceptualized as a rightward head gesture or an upward eyebrow gesture. We call this process distributed embodiment of a metaphorical concept. Our proposal is supported by the findings of past studies that have found future is metaphorically embodied as something in front of us (or forward movement), and good is metaphorically embodied as upper space (or upward movement) or right side (or rightward movement).
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 25-11-2022
Abstract: Statistical literacy is a pressing need in modern society, but statistical learning is often inhibited by anxiety towards statistics. This study examines how statistics anxiety is related to other dimensions of students’ attitudes towards statistics, how these interrelations predict statistics anxiety, and how these dimensions change following introductory statistics instruction. Using data from Spain, Canada, and Australia, this study finds that anxiety is negatively related to security-confidence and positively related to motivation, and that the structure of these relationships is consistent across countries as well as before and after statistics instruction. Further, this structure predicts how these dimensions change following statistics training: by the end of an introductory statistics course, students report higher security-confidence and pleasantness but lower anxiety. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for statistics instruction.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 31-03-2022
Abstract: Considering that the central theme of learning analytics is data, there are uniquely strong benefits to sharing data, materials, and analysis code in this field. These open research practices facilitate transparency in research, and transparency can improve the quality of learning analytics methods, improve the reliability of findings, and improve the scope of impact of new developments. The Society for Learning Analytics research recently adopted a motion to advance on these goals. To inform this effort, we conducted a systematic review of articles published in the past two proceedings of the Learning Analytics and Knowledge conference, measuring the frequency of openly-shared data, materials, and analysis code. We find that 7.5% of articles made their data available, 13.7% made materials available, and 5.5% made analysis code available. We discuss these findings in the context of possible barriers to open practices, and suggest that the principal barrier to improved transparency is researcher’s reluctance to share, rather than privacy or legal constraints.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-12-2017
DOI: 10.3390/BS7040084
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-11-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S10339-010-0363-Y
Abstract: The interaction between vision and language processing is clearly of interest to both cognitive psychologists and psycholinguists. Recent research has begun to create understanding of the interaction between vision and language in terms of the representational issues involved. In this paper, we first review some of the theoretical and methodological issues in the current vision-language interaction debate. Later, we develop a model that attempts to account for effects of affordances and visual context on language-scene interaction as well as the role of sensorimotor simulation. The paper addresses theoretical issues related to the mental representations that arise when visual and linguistic systems interact.
Publisher: The Quantitative Methods for Psychology
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw
Date: 30-06-2017
DOI: 10.5709/ACP-0215-9
Publisher: Universidad de San Buenaventura
Date: 30-06-2010
Abstract: Boxplots are a useful and widely used graphical technique to explore data in order to better understand the information we are working with. Boxplots display the first, second and third quartile as well as the interquartile range and outliers of a data set. The information displayed by the boxplot, and most of its variations, is based on the data’s median. However, much of scientific applications analyse and report data using the mean. In this paper, we propose a variation of the classical boxplot that displays information around the mean. Some information about the median is displayed as well.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2022.969341
Abstract: This article discusses perspective and frame of reference in the metaphorical description of mathematical concepts in terms of motions, gestures, and embodied actions. When a mathematical concept is described metaphorically in terms of gestures, embodied actions, or fictive motions, the motor system comes into play to ground and understand that concept. Every motion, gesture, or embodied action involves a perspective and a frame of reference. The flexibility in taking perspective and frame of reference allows people to embody a mathematical concept or idea in various ways. Based on the findings of past studies, it is suggested that the graphical representation of a mathematical concept may activate those areas of the motor system that are involved in the production of that graphical representation. This is supported by studies showing that when observers look at a painting or handwritten letters, they simulate the painter’s or writer’s hand movements during painting or writing. Likewise, the motor system can contribute to the grounding of abstract mathematical concepts, such as functions, numbers, and arithmetic operations.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-08-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2023.1178095
Abstract: Metaphors that describe an abstract concept in terms of a motion concept are widely used to enhance our understanding of abstract concepts. These metaphors are used not only in our daily language but also in learning mathematics. As an ex le, in the process of understanding the abstract representation of a mathematical concept, a graphical representation may play the role of a mediatory domain. This graphical representation could have a high degree of perceptual and action effector strength. This is particularly the case when a gestures (as a motion) is used to depict the graphical representation. After looking at this ex le, we discuss perceptual and action effector strength of the base domains of several mathematical metaphors that describe mathematical concepts in terms of spatial and motion concepts. Then, based on the data in the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms, it is suggested that high degrees of perceptual and action effector strength of the base domains of these metaphors play an important role in the grounding of abstract mathematical concepts in the physical environment.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-06-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2015
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 03-04-2022
Abstract: Learning analytics defines itself with a focus on learner data, with corresponding goals of understanding and optimizing student learning. In this regard, learning analytics research, ideally, should be characterized by studies that make use of data from learners engaged in education systems, should measure student learning, and should make efforts to intervene and improve these learning environments. However, a common concern among members of the learning analytics research community is that these standards are not being met. In the current study, we review a large and comprehensive s le of research articles from the proceedings of two recent Learning Analytics and Knowledge conferences, the premier conference venue for learning analytics research. We find that 36.3% of articles do not analyze data from learners in a formal education system, 70.5% do not include any measure of learning, and 91.4% of articles do not attempt to intervene in the learning environment. We contrast these findings with the stated definition of learning analytics, and infer, like others, that scholarship in learning analytics research presently lacks clear direction toward its stated goals.
No related grants have been discovered for Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos.