Hans Lambers

Carboxylates in the rhizosphere of canola, wheat, lupins and pulses: Their role in P acquisition from sparingly soluble forms

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.SAJB.2009.02.091

How does pedogenesis drive plant diversity?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2013.02.008

Abstract: Some of the most species-rich plant communities occur on ancient, strongly weathered soils, whereas those on recently developed soils tend to be less erse. Mechanisms underlying this well-known pattern, however, remain unresolved. Here, we present a conceptual model describing alternative mechanisms by which pedogenesis (the process of soil formation) might drive plant ersity. We suggest that long-term soil chronosequences offer great, yet largely untapped, potential as 'natural experiments' to determine edaphic controls over plant ersity. Finally, we discuss how our conceptual model can be evaluated quantitatively using structural equation modeling to advance multivariate theories about the determinants of local plant ersity. This should help us to understand broader-scale ersity patterns, such as the latitudinal gradient of plant ersity.

The roots of carnivorous plants

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4099-7_6

Phosphorus-fertilisation has differential effects on leaf growth and photosynthetic capacity of Arachis hypogaea L.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-04-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-019-04041-W

Respiratory Properties of Developing Bean and Pea Leaves

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1983

DOI: 10.1071/PP9830237

Abstract: The rate of O2 uptake in the dark in bean leaves and leaf slices decreased during development. The use of inhibitors of the cytochrome and alternative pathways and the uncoupier carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) indicated that this decline was largely due to a decline in the activity and capacity of the cytochrome path. However, the capacity of the alternative path remained more or less constant with leaf expansion, and thus percentage cyanide resistance of respiration increased with leaf expansion. The activity of the alternative path was small in bean leaves and leaf slices, and decreased during development. Respiration, mainly the cytochrome pathway, of bean leaf slices was stimulated by FCCP at all ages, the stimulation being more pronounced in young leaves. The rate of overall respiration, the activities of the cytochrome and alternative paths, and the extent to which FCCP stimulated respiration in bean leaf slices were positively correlated with endogenous free sugar levels during aging. Similar trends were observed with mitochondria isolated from pea leaves. Leaf mitochondria from older plants had lower cytochrome path capacity, but the capacity of the alternative path remained much the same as that in leaf mitochondria from seedlings.

Interactions among cluster‐root investment, leaf phosphorus concentration, and relative growth rate in two Lupinus species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-2015

DOI: 10.3732/AJB.1500268

Abstract: Cluster-root (CR) formation is a desirable trait to improve phosphorus (P) acquisition as global P resources are dwindling. CRs in some lupine species are suppressed at higher P status. Whether increased growth rate enhances CR formation due to a "dilution" of leaf P concentration is unknown. We investigated interactive effects of leaf P status and relative growth rate (RGR) on CR formation in two Lupinus species, which differ in their CR biomass investment. Variation in RGR was imposed by varying day length. Lupinus albus and L. pilosus were grown hydroponically with KH2PO4 at a day length of 6, 10, or 14 h. We used a slightly higher P supply at longer day lengths to avoid a decline in leaf P concentration, which would induce CRs. Cluster-root percentage, leaf P concentrations, and RGR were determined at 22, 38, and 52 d after sowing. Lupinus species grown at similar root P availability, but with a faster growth rate, as dependent on day length, showed a greater CR percentage. Because our aim to achieve exactly the same leaf P concentrations at different day lengths was only partially achieved, we carried out a multiple regression analysis. This analysis showed the CR percentage was strongly and negatively correlated with plant P status and only marginally and positively correlated with RGR. The two Lupinus species invariably formed fewer cluster roots at higher leaf P status, irrespective of RGR. Differences in RGR or leaf P concentration cannot explain the species-specific variation in cluster-root investment.

Role of sugars and organic acids in regulating the concentration and activity of the alternative oxidase in Poa annua roots

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 05-2002

DOI: 10.1093/JEXBOT/53.371.1081

Abstract: Detached roots of Poa annua were used to study alternative oxidase protein expression upon the addition of sucrose, glucose, fructose, inositol, mannitol, citrate or malate, at a concentration of 1 or 10 mM for 24 h. After 24 h the capacity of cytochrome c oxidase was decreased equally in all treatments. Only citrate induced the expression of the alternative oxidase, especially at a concentration of 1 mM (15-fold). The activity of the alternative pathway (measured with the (18)O-fractionation technique) was not affected by the addition of sucrose for 24 h as compared with time zero. However, after the addition of citrate or mannitol the activity of the alternative pathway decreased to almost zero. The discrepancy between the large increase in alternative oxidase protein concentration when citrate was applied and the concomitant decrease in alternative pathway activity is discussed.

A long-term experimental test of the dynamic equilibrium model of species diversity

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-07-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-012-2417-6

Abstract: The dynamic equilibrium model of species ersity predicts that ecosystem productivity interacts with disturbance to determine how many species coexist. However, a robust test of this model requires manipulations of productivity and disturbance over a sufficient timescale to allow competitive exclusion, and such long-term experimental tests of this hypothesis are rare. Here we use long-term (27 years), large-scale (8 × 50-m plots), factorial manipulations of soil resource availability and sheep grazing intensity (disturbance) in grasslands to test the dynamic equilibrium model. As predicted by the model, increased productivity not only reduced plant species richness, but also moderated the effects of grazing intensity, shifting them from negative to neutral with increasing productivity. Reductions in species richness with productivity were associated with dominance by faster growing (i.e. high specific leaf area) and taller plants. Conversely, grazing favoured shorter plants and this effect became stronger with greater productivity, consistent with the view that grazing can lead to weaker asymmetric competition for light. Our study shows that the dynamic equilibrium model can help to explain changes in plant species richness following long-term increases in soil resource availability and grazing pressure, two fundamental drivers of change in grasslands worldwide.

Cyanide-Resistant Root Respiration and Tap Root Formation in Two Subspecies of Hypochaeris radicata

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-1979

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1979.TB01693.X

Initiating pedogenesis of magnetite tailings using Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) as an ecological engineer to promote native plant establishment

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.147622

Underground leaves ofPhilcoxiatrap and digest nematodes

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Date: 09-01-2012

DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1114199109

Abstract: The recently described genus Philcoxia comprises three species restricted to well lit and low-nutrient soils in the Brazilian Cerrado. The morphological and habitat similarities of Philcoxia to those of some carnivorous plants, along with recent observations of nematodes over its subterranean leaves, prompted the suggestion that the genus is carnivorous. Here we report compelling evidence of carnivory in Philcoxia of the Plantaginaceae, a family in which no carnivorous members are otherwise known. We also document both a unique capturing strategy for carnivorous plants and a case of a plant that traps and digests nematodes with underground adhesive leaves. Our findings illustrate how much can still be discovered about the origin, distribution, and frequency of the carnivorous syndrome in angiosperms and, more generally, about the ersity of nutrient-acquisition mechanisms that have evolved in plants growing in severely nutrient-impoverished environments such as the Brazilian Cerrado, one of the world's 34 bio ersity hotspots.

EFFECT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE STATUS ON RESPIRATORY RATES AND THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY IN LEAF RESPIRATION

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-1983

DOI: 10.1104/PP.72.3.598

A Multiscale Approach to Understanding Calcium Toxicity in Australian Proteaceae

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-2015

DOI: 10.1017/S1431927615008223

Growth rate, plant development and water relations of the ABA‐deficient tomato mutant sitiens

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1994

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1994.TB06661.X

Role of mycorrhizas and root exudates in plant uptake of soil nutrients (calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium): has the puzzle been completely solved?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-04-2023

DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.16184

Abstract: Anthropogenic global change is driving an increase in the frequency and intensity of drought and flood events, along with associated imbalances and limitation of several soil nutrients. In the context of an increasing human population, these impacts represent a global‐scale challenge for bio ersity conservation and sustainable crop production to ensure food security. Plants have evolved strategies to enhance uptake of soil nutrients under environmental stress conditions for ex le, symbioses with fungi (mycorrhization) in the rhizosphere and the release of exudates from roots. Although crop cultivation is managed for the effects of limited availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), there is increasing evidence for limitation of plant growth and fitness because of the low availability of other soil nutrients such as the metals potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), which may become increasingly limiting for plant productivity under global change. The roles of mycorrhizas and plant exudates on N and P uptake have been studied intensively however, our understanding of the effects on metal nutrients is less clear and still inconsistent. Here, we review the literature on the role of mycorrhizas and root exudates in plant uptake of key nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) in the context of potential nutrient deficiencies in crop and non‐crop terrestrial ecosystems, and identify knowledge gaps for future research to improve nutrient‐uptake capacity in food crop plants.

Plant Growth Modelling and Applications: The Increasing Importance of Plant Architecture in Growth Models

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-08-2007

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCN050

Strategies and agronomic interventions to improve the phosphorus-use efficiency of temperate farming systems

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-07-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-011-0880-1

Accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in two Acacia (Leguminosae; Mimosoideae) species grown in different substrates proposed for mine‐site rehabilitation

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2015

DOI: 10.3732/AJB.1400543

Abstract: Few studies have investigated the effects of substrates on the accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in plants. Acacia stipuligera and A. robeorum growing in their natural habitats with different substrates show different accumulation and precipitation patterns of these elements. Here, we compared the accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in A. stipuligera and A. robeorum grown in different substrates proposed for mine-site rehabilitation and expected the differences in substrates to have significant effects on the accumulation and precipitation of these elements in the two species. Saplings were grown in sandy topsoil or in a topsoil-siltstone mixture in a glasshouse. Phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations of 25-wk-old plants were measured. Precipitation of these elements in phyllodes and branchlets was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations were generally significantly greater in A. robeorum than in A. stipuligera. The two species responded in unique ways to the substrate, with A. stipuligera having similar phyllode magnesium and calcium concentrations in both substrates, but greater sulfur concentration in the topsoil-siltstone mixture, while A. robeorum showed lower phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations in the topsoil-siltstone mixture. For both substrates, mineral precipitates were observed in both species, with A. robeorum having more mineral precipitates containing magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in its phyllodes than A. stipuligera did. The accumulation and precipitation patterns of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are more species-specific than substrate-affected.

Floral micromorphology of the bird-pollinated carnivorous plant speciesUtricularia menziesiiR.Br. (Lentibulariaceae)

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 30-08-2018

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCY163

Leaf Respiration in Light and Darkness (A Comparison of Slow- and Fast-Growing Poa Species)

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 03-1997

DOI: 10.1104/PP.113.3.961

Abstract: We investigated whether leaf dark respiration (nonphotorespiratory mitochondrial CO2 release) is inhibited by light in several Poa species, and whether differences in light inhibition between the species are related to differences in the rate of leaf net photosynthesis. Four lowland (Poa annua L., Poa compressa L., Poa pratensis L., and Poa trivialis L.), one subalpine (Poa alpina L.), and two alpine (Poa costiniana Vick. and Poa fawcettiae Vick.) Poa species differing in whole plant relative growth rates were grown under identical controlled conditions. Nonphotorespiratory mitochondrial CO2 release in the light (Rd) was estimated according to the Laisk method. Photosynthesis was measured at ambient CO2 partial pressure (35 Pa) and 500 [mu]mol photons m-2 s-1. The rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf mass was positively correlated with the relative growth rate, with the slow-growing alpine Poa species exhibiting the lowest photosynthetic rates. Rates of both Rd and respiration in darkness were also substantially lower in the alpine species. Nonphotorespiratory CO2 release in darkness was higher than Rd in all species. However, despite some variation between the species in the level of light inhibition of respiration, no relationship was observed between the level of inhibition and the rate of photosynthesis. Similarly, the level of inhibition was not correlated with the relative growth rate. Our results support the suggestion that rates of leaf respiration in the light are closely associated with rates in darkness.

Interactive effects of phosphorus fertilization and salinity on plant growth, phosphorus and sodium status, and tartrate exudation by roots of two alfalfa cultivars

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 28-09-2021

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAB124

Abstract: Soil phosphorus (P) deficiency and salinity are constraints to crop productivity in arid and semiarid regions. Salinity may weaken the effect of P fertilization on plant growth. We investigated the interactive effects of soil P availability and salinity on plant growth, P nutrition and salt tolerance of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars. A pot experiment was carried out to grow two cultivars of alfalfa in a loess soil under a combination of different rates of added P (0, 40, 80 and 160 mg P kg−1 soil as monopotassium phosphate) and sodium chloride (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g NaCl kg−1 soil). Plant biomass, concentrations of P ([P]), sodium ([Na]) and potassium ([K]) were determined, and rhizosheath carboxylates were analysed. There were significant interactions between soil P availability and salinity on some, but not all, of the parameters investigated, and interactions depended on cultivar. Plant growth and P uptake were enhanced by P fertilization, but inhibited by increased levels of salinity. Increasing the salinity resulted in decreased plant P-uptake efficiency and [K]/[Na]. Only soil P availability had a significant effect on the amount of tartrate in the rhizosheath of both cultivars. Increased salinity aggravated P deficiency. Appropriate application of P fertilizers improved the salt tolerance of alfalfa and increased its productivity in saline soils.

Respiration for growth, maintenance and ion uptake. An evaluation of concepts, methods, values and their significance

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1983

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1983.TB05742.X

Phosphorus-utilisation efficiency and leaf-morphology traits of Rytidosperma species (wallaby grasses) that differ in their growth response to phosphorus fertilisation

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1071/BT15202

Abstract: Rytidosperma species are perennial grasses found in cool temperate grasslands of Australia. The species differ in their intrinsic growth rates, response to phosphorus (P) fertiliser application and critical external P requirements (P required for 90% maximum growth). The present study examined whether internal P-utilisation efficiency (PUE) by Rytidosperma species influenced these differences. The PUE of nine Rytidosperma species and two grasses of Mediterranean origin, Bromus hordeaceus L. and Lolium perenne L., was assessed using alternative measures of shoot P concentration or its reciprocal. No measure of PUE was correlated with the critical external P requirements of the species. One measure of PUE, shoot dry matter per unit P, when assessed at a common shoot P content was correlated with potential growth rate (P 0.001 r = 0.93 4 mg shoot P). However, other measures of PUE were not correlated with potential growth rates. All of the fast-growing species (B. hordeaceus, L. perenne, Rytidosperma duttonianum (Cashmore) Connor & Edgar and Rytidosperma richardsonii (Cashmore) Connor & Edgar) exhibited high PUE, whereas PUE varied substantially among the slower-growing species. The fast-growing Rytidosperma species differed in the contribution that area-based P concentration of leaves and specific leaf area (SLA) made to the achievement of high PUE, and they retained shoot-morphology traits normally associated with slow-growing species such as smaller leaf area, smaller SLA and higher leaf dry matter content.

BIOGEOMORPHOLOGICAL evolution of ROCKY hillslopes driven by roots in Campos RUPESTRES, Brazil

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2021.107985

A novel proxy to examine interspecific phosphorus facilitation between plant species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-06-2023

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.19082

Abstract: Resource complementarity can contribute to enhanced ecosystem functioning in erse plant communities, but the role of facilitation in the enhanced complementarity is poorly understood. Here, we use leaf manganese concentration ([Mn]) as a proxy for rhizosheath carboxylate concentration to explore novel mechanisms of complementarity mediated by phosphorus (P) facilitation. In pot experiments, we showed that mixtures involving Carex korshinskyi , an efficient P‐mobilizing species, exhibited greater biomass and relative complementarity effect than combinations without C. korshinskyi on P‐deficient soils. Compared with monocultures, leaf [Mn] and [P] of species that are inefficient at P mobilization increased by 27% and 21% when grown with C. korshinskyi (i.e. interspecific P facilitation via carboxylates) rather than next to another inefficient P‐mobilizing species. This experimental result was supported by a meta‐analysis including a range of efficient P‐mobilizing species. Phosphorus facilitation enhanced the relative complementarity effect in low‐P environments, related to a greater change in several facilitated species of their root morphological traits relative to those in monoculture. Using leaf [Mn] as a proxy, we highlight a vital mechanism of interspecific P facilitation via belowground processes and provide evidence for the pivotal role of P facilitation mediated by the plasticity of root traits in bio ersity research.

Respiratory energy costs for the maintenance of biomass, for growth and for ion uptake in roots of Carex diandra and Carex acutiformis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-1988

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1988.TB09155.X

A dynamic whole-plant model of integrated metabolism of nitrogen and carbon. 2. Balanced growth driven by C fluxes and regulated by signals from C and N substrate

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1023/A:1004744903556

Floral micromorphology and nectar composition of the early evolutionary lineage Utricularia (subgenus Polypompholyx, Lentibulariaceae)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-06-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S00709-019-01401-2

THE REGULATION OF RESPIRATION IN THE DARK IN WHEAT LEAF SLICES

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-1983

DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(83)90037-8

Energy metabolism of Plantago major ssp. major as dependent on the supply of mineral nutrients

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-1981

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1981.TB04472.X

Growth, morphological and physiological responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to phosphorus supply in two alkaline soils

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-017-3242-9

Association of water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency with photosynthetic characteristics of two wheat cultivars

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 09-1995

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/46.SPECIAL_ISSUE.1429

Abstract: We examined if higher plant water use efficiency is related to a higher investment of nitrogen in components of the photosynthetic apparatus and if this is associated with a less efficient use of nitrogen for photosynthesis or for growth. We also assessed the influence of a reduced supply of water and nitrogen on these relationships. For this purpose we used two Triticum aestivum cultivars, differing in whole plant water use efficiency. Differences in leaf water use efficiency (A/E) between cultivars or treatments were associated with differences in Rubisco activity or rate of electron transport and, in general, with differences in plant water use efficiency. They were not invariably related to a low photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). A high A/E was associated with a low PNUE, e.g. when we compared cultivars at high irradiance. In this case, a high A/E and a high leaf nitrogen concentration were associated with a low stornatal conductance and an equal rate of photosynthesis. A high A/E was not associated with a low PNUE when differences in A/E were mainly caused by higher rates of photosynthesis associated with higher nitrogen concentrations, e.g. when we compared cultivars at low irradiance and high water and nitrogen supply. An increase in the proportion of total leaf nitrogen associated with the photosynthetic apparatus at low soil-nitrogen increased PNUE, without affecting A/E in the opposite way. We conclude that whole plant nitrogen use efficiency was low for the cultivars with a high plant water use efficiency.

Leaf water relations during summer water deficit: differential responses in turgor maintenance and variation in leaf structure among different plant communities in south‐western Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-11-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2008.01882.X

Abstract: We measured leaf water relations and leaf structural traits of 20 species from three communities growing along a topographical gradient. Our aim was to assess variation in seasonal responses in leaf water status and leaf tissue physiology between sites and among species in response to summer water deficit. Species from a ridge-top heath community showed the greatest reductions in pre-dawn leaf water potentials (Psi(leaf)) and stomatal conductance during summer species from a valley-floor woodland and a midslope mallee community showed less reductions in these parameters. Heath species also displayed greater seasonal reduction in turgor-loss point (Psi(TLP)) than species from woodland or mallee communities. In general, species that had larger reductions in Psi(leaf) during summer showed significant shifts in either their osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pi 100) osmotic adjustment) or in tissue elasticity (epsilon(max)). Psi(pi 100) and epsilon(max) were negatively correlated, during both spring and summer, suggesting a trade-off between these different mechanisms to cope with water stress. Specific leaf area varied greatly among species, and was significantly correlated with seasonal changes in Psi(TLP) and pre-dawn Psi(leaf). These correlations suggest that leaf structure is a prerequisite for cellular mechanisms to be effective in adjusting to water deficit.

The effect of nitrate-nitrogen supply on bacteria and bacterial-feeding fauna in the rhizosphere of different grass species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-1992

DOI: 10.1007/BF00317793

Exceptional nitrogen-resorption efficiency enables Maireana species (Chenopodiaceae) to function as pioneers at a mine-restoration site

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.146420

Leaf growth in the fast-growing Holcus lanatus and the slow-growing Deschampsia flexuosa: tissue maturation

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 09-1998

DOI: 10.1093/JEXBOT/49.326.1509

Extraradical hyphae alleviate nitrogen deposition‐induced phosphorus deficiency in ectomycorrhiza‐dominated forests

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-06-2023

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.19078

Abstract: The continuous imbalance between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition is expected to shift many ecosystems from N‐ to P limitation. Extraradical hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play important roles in plant nutrient acquisition under nutrient deficiency. However, whether and how ECM hyphae enhance soil P availability to alleviate N‐induced P deficiency remains unclear. We investigated the impacts of ECM hyphae on transformations among different soil P fractions and underlying mechanisms under N deposition in two ECM‐dominated forests. Ectomycorrhizal hyphae enhanced soil P availability under N addition by stimulating mineralization of organic P (Po) and desorption and solubilization of secondary mineral P, as indicated by N‐induced increase in positive hyphal effect on plant‐available P pool and negative hyphal effects on Po and secondary mineral P pools. Moreover, ECM hyphae increased soil phosphatase activity and abundance of microbial genes associated with Po mineralization and inorganic P solubilization, while decreasing concentrations of Fe/Al oxides. Our results suggest that ECM hyphae can alleviate N‐induced P deficiency in ECM‐dominated forests by regulating interactions between microbial and abiotic factors involved in soil P transformations. This advances our understanding of plant acclimation strategies via mediating plant–mycorrhiza interactions to sustain forest production and functional stability under changing environments.

The mycorrhiza-specific ammonium transporter ZmAMT3;1 mediates mycorrhiza-dependent nitrogen uptake in maize roots

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 26-07-2022

DOI: 10.1093/PLCELL/KOAC225

Abstract: Most plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), which may enhance the host plant’s acquisition of soil nutrients. In contrast to phosphorus nutrition, the molecular mechanism of mycorrhizal nitrogen (N) uptake remains largely unknown, and its physiological relevance is unclear. Here, we identified a gene encoding an AMF-inducible ammonium transporter, ZmAMT3 , in maize (Zea mays) roots. ZmAMT3 was specifically expressed in arbuscule-containing cortical cells and the encoded protein was localized at the peri-arbuscular membrane. Functional analysis in yeast and Xenopus oocytes indicated that ZmAMT3 mediated high-affinity ammonium transport, with the substrate NH4+ being accessed, but likely translocating uncharged NH3. Phosphorylation of ZmAMT3 at the C-terminus suppressed transport activity. Using ZmAMT3 -RNAi transgenic maize lines grown in compartmented pot experiments, we demonstrated that substantial quantities of N were transferred from AMF to plants, and 68%–74% of this capacity was conferred by ZmAMT3 . Under field conditions, the ZmAMT3 -dependent mycorrhizal N pathway contributed & % of postsilking N uptake. Furthermore, AMFs downregulated ZmAMT1 a and ZmAMT1 protein abundance and transport activities expressed in the root epidermis, suggesting a trade-off between mycorrhizal and direct root N-uptake pathways. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of mycorrhiza-dependent N uptake in maize and present a promising approach to improve N-acquisition efficiency via plant–microbe interactions.

Changes in soil phosphorus fractions in response to long‐term phosphate fertilization under sole cropping and intercropping of maize and faba bean on a calcareous soil

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-04-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-04915-Y

Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorus‐acquisition strategies of 16 crop species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-04-2019

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.15833

Abstract: Plant roots exhibit erse root functional traits to enable soil phosphorus (P) acquisition, including changes in root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, whether these traits are differently coordinated among crop species to enhance P acquisition is unclear. Here, eight root functional traits for P acquisition were characterized in 16 major herbaceous crop species grown in a glasshouse under limiting and adequate soil P availability. We found substantial interspecific variation in root functional traits among species. Those with thinner roots showed more root branching and less first-order root length, and had consistently lower colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fewer rhizosheath carboxylates and reduced acid phosphatase activity. In response to limiting soil P, species with thinner roots showed a stronger response in root branching, first-order root length and specific root length of the whole root system, Conversely, species with thicker roots exhibited higher colonization by AMF and/or more P-mobilizing exudates in the rhizosheath. We conclude that, at the species level, tradeoffs occur among the three groups of root functional traits we examined. Root diameter is a good predictor of the relative expression of these traits and how they change when P is limiting.

Opportunities for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in crop plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-06-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2012.04190.X

Abstract: Limitation of grain crop productivity by phosphorus (P) is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Enhanced P efficiency can be achieved by improved uptake of phosphate from soil (P‐acquisition efficiency) and by improved productivity per unit P taken up (P‐use efficiency). This review focuses on improved P‐use efficiency, which can be achieved by plants that have overall lower P concentrations, and by optimal distribution and redistribution of P in the plant allowing maximum growth and biomass allocation to harvestable plant parts. Significant decreases in plant P pools may be possible, for ex le, through reductions of superfluous ribosomal RNA and replacement of phospholipids by sulfolipids and galactolipids. Improvements in P distribution within the plant may be possible by increased remobilization from tissues that no longer need it (e.g. senescing leaves) and reduced partitioning of P to developing grains. Such changes would prolong and enhance the productive use of P in photosynthesis and have nutritional and environmental benefits. Research considering physiological, metabolic, molecular biological, genetic and phylogenetic aspects of P‐use efficiency is urgently needed to allow significant progress to be made in our understanding of this complex trait. Contents Summary 306 I. The need to use phosphorus efficiently 307 II. P‐use efficiency and P dynamics in a growing crop 307 III. P pools in plants 307 IV. Phosphorus pools and growth rates 310 V. Are crops different from other plants in their P concentration? 310 VI. Phosphorus use and photosynthesis 311 VII. Crop development and canopy P distribution 312 VIII. Internal redistribution of P in a growing vegetative plant 313 IX. Allocation of P to reproductive structures 314 X. Constraints to P remobilisation 315 XI. Do physiological or phylogenetic trade‐offs constrain traits that could improve PUE? 316 XII. Identifying genetic loci associated with PUE 316 XIII. Conclusions 317 Acknowledgements 317 References 317

The new editorial practice and policy of Plant and Soil

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000016221.61438.67

Intrinsic capacity for nutrient foraging predicts critical external phosphorus requirement of 12 pasture legumes

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1071/CP17276

Abstract: The mainstream pasture legume species such as Trifolium subterraneum, T. repens and annual Medicago spp. used in the temperate pasture systems of southern Australia have high critical external requirements for phosphorus (P) (i.e. P required to achieve 90% of maximum yield). This work aimed to identify alternative pasture legume species that could be used in systems with lower P input. Shoot and root biomass of 12 species of pasture legume was measured in response to seven rates of P applied to the top 48 mm of soil in a pot experiment. Most species had maximum yields similar to T. subterraneum, but some required only one-third of the applied P to achieve this. The critical external P requirement of the species, ranked from lowest to highest, was as follows: Ornithopus compressus = O. sativus Biserrula pelecinus T. michelianum = T. vesiculosum = T. glanduliferum T. hirtum = Medicago truncatula = T. purpureum = T. incarnatum T. spumosum = T. subterraneum. An ability to maximise soil exploration through a combination of high root-length density, high specific root length and long root hairs (i.e. a large specific root-hair-cylinder volume) was associated with a low critical external P requirement. The results indicate that Ornithopus spp. could be used to achieve productive, low P-input pasture systems.

Can Meristematic Activity Determine Variation in Leaf Size and Elongation Rate among Four Poa Species? A Kinematic Study

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-2000

DOI: 10.1104/PP.124.2.845

Abstract: We studied inherent variation in final leaf size among fourPoa spp. that live at different elevations. The average final length of leaf 7 of the main stem of the smallest species (Poa alpina) was only one-half that of the largest species (Poa trivialis) it was correlated with leaf elongation rate, but not with the duration of leaf elongation. A faster rate of leaf elongation rate was associated with (a) larger size of the zone of cell expansion, and (b) faster rates of cell production (per cell file) in the meristem, which in turn were due to greater numbers of iding cells, whereas average cell ision rates were very similar for all species (except Poa annua). Also we found that the proliferative fraction equaled 1 throughout the meristem in all species. It was remarkable that rates of cell expansion tended to be somewhat higher in the species with slower growing leaves. We discuss the results by comparing the spatial and material viewpoints, which lead to different interpretations of the role of cell ision. Although the presented data do not strictly prove it, they strongly suggest a regulatory role for cell ision in determining differences in growth rate among the present four Poa spp.

Banksia species (Proteaceae) from severely phosphorus‐impoverished soils exhibit extreme efficiency in the use and re‐mobilization of phosphorus

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-09-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2007.01733.X

Abstract: Banksia species (Proteaceae) occur on some of the most phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils in the world. We hypothesized that Banksia spp. maximize P-use efficiency through high photosynthetic P-use efficiency, long leaf lifespan (P residence time), effective P re-mobilization from senescing leaves, and maximizing seed P concentration. Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to quantify P-use efficiency in nine Banksia species. Leaf P concentrations for all species were extremely low (0.14-0.32 mg P g(-1) DM) compared with leaf P in other species reported and low relative to other plant nutrients in Banksia spp. however, moderately high rates of photosynthesis (13.8-21.7 micromol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)), were measured. Some of the Banksia spp. had greater P proficiency (i.e. final P concentration in senesced leaves after re-mobilization range: 27-196 microg P g(-1) DM) than values reported for any other species in the literature. Seeds exhibited significantly higher P concentrations (6.6-12.2 mg P g(-1 )DM) than leaves, and species that sprout after fire ('re-sprouters') had significantly greater seed mass and P content than species that are killed by fire and regenerate from seed ('seeders'). Seeds contained only small amounts of polyphosphate (between 1.3 and 6 microg g(-1) DM), and this was not correlated with P concentration or fire response. Based on the evidence in the present study, we conclude that Banksia species are highly efficient in their use of P, explaining, in part, their success on P-impoverished soils, with little variation between species.

Development physiology of cluster-root carboxylate synthesis and exudation in harsh hakea. Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and the alternative oxidase

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 05-2004

DOI: 10.1104/PP.103.035659

Abstract: Harsh hakea (Hakea prostrata R.Br.) is a member of the Proteaceae family, which is highly represented on the extremely nutrient-impoverished soils in southwest Australia. When phosphorus is limiting, harsh hakea develops proteoid or cluster roots that release carboxylates that mobilize sparingly soluble phosphate in the rhizosphere. To investigate the physiology underlying the synthesis and exudation of carboxylates from cluster roots in Proteaceae, we measured O2 consumption, CO2 release, internal carboxylate concentrations and carboxylate exudation, and the abundance of the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and alternative oxidase (AOX) over a 3-week time course of cluster-root development. Peak rates of citrate and malate exudation were observed from 12- to 13-d-old cluster roots, preceded by a reduction in cluster-root total protein levels and a reduced rate of O2 consumption. In harsh hakea, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression was relatively constant in cluster roots, regardless of developmental stage. During cluster-root maturation, however, the expression of AOX protein increased prior to the time when citrate and malate exudation peaked. This increase in AOX protein levels is presumably needed to allow a greater flow of electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the absence of rapid ATP turnover. Citrate and isocitrate synthesis and accumulation contributed in a major way to the subsequent burst of citrate and malate exudation. Phosphorus accumulated by harsh hakea cluster roots was remobilized during senescence as part of their efficient P cycling strategy for growth on nutrient impoverished soils.

Divergent functioning of Proteaceae species: the South American Embothrium coccineum displays a combination of adaptive traits to survive in high‐phosphorus soils

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-07-2014

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12303

A significant increase in rhizosheath carboxylates and greater specific root length in response to terminal drought is associated with greater relative phosphorus acquisition in chickpea

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-020-04776-X

Nutrient-use efficiency

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819773-8.00007-1

No evidence of population structure across three isolated subpopulations of Russula brevipes in an oak/pine woodland

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-01-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2006.01654.X

Abstract: Russula brevipes is common ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungus that is associated with several hosts across temperate forest ecosystems. A previous study has demonstrated that substructuring across large geographic distances (1500 km) occurs in the western USA. To examine genetic structure over a more localized scale, basidiocarps of Russula brevipes from three subpopulations, separated by distances of 230-1090 m, were collected over two consecutive years in an oak ine woodland. Microsatellite loci were used to test for population differentiation both among subpopulations and by year. No significant population differentiation was detected between subpopulations (theta(ST) = 0.01) or between years (theta(ST) = 0.01). Most loci were consistent with a Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium and 82% of the genets between seasons from similar s ling localities constituted new genotypes. These results indicate that R. brevipes constitutes a randomly mating population with no genetic differentiation between locations or across successive fruiting seasons.

Engineering microalgae for water phosphorus recovery to close the phosphorus cycle

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-03-2023

DOI: 10.1111/PBI.14040

Abstract: As a finite and non‐renewable resource, phosphorus (P) is essential to all life and crucial for crop growth and food production. The boosted agricultural use and associated loss of P to the aquatic environment are increasing environmental pollution, harming ecosystems, and threatening future global food security. Thus, recovering and reusing P from water bodies is urgently needed to close the P cycle. As a natural, eco‐friendly, and sustainable reclamation strategy, microalgae‐based biological P recovery is considered a promising solution. However, the low P‐accumulation capacity and P‐removal efficiency of algal bioreactors restrict its application. Herein, it is demonstrated that manipulating genes involved in cellular P accumulation and signalling could triple the Chlamydomonas P‐storage capacity to ~7% of dry biomass, which is the highest P concentration in plants to date. Furthermore, the engineered algae could recover P from wastewater almost three times faster than the unengineered one, which could be directly used as a P fertilizer. Thus, engineering genes involved in cellular P accumulation and signalling in microalgae could be a promising strategy to enhance P uptake and accumulation, which have the potential to accelerate the application of algae for P recovery from the water body and closing the P cycle.

Respiration in mature leaves of Lolium perenne as affected by nutrient supply, cutting and competition

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 1986

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1986.TB01232.X

Effect of soil drying on growth, biomass allocation and leaf gas exchange of two annual grass species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-1996

DOI: 10.1007/BF02257570

Change in Uptake, Transport and Accumulation of Ions in Nerium oleander (Rosebay) as Affected by Different Nitrogen Sources and Salinity

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 04-09-2008

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCN156

Contrasting responses to drought stress in herbaceous perennial legumes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-07-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-011-0904-X

Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V4, Ab-V5) increases Zea mays root carboxylate-exudation rates, dependent on soil phosphorus supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-09-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-016-3044-5

Cluster roots of Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) affect enzyme activities and phosphorus lability in rhizosphere soil

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-06-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-015-2547-9

Plant diversity and overyielding: insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-03-2014

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.12778

Abstract: Despite increasing evidence that plant ersity in experimental systems may enhance ecosystem productivity, the mechanisms causing this overyielding remain debated. Here, we review studies of overyielding observed in agricultural intercropping systems, and show that a potentially important mechanism underlying such facilitation is the ability of some crop species to chemically mobilize otherwise‐unavailable forms of one or more limiting soil nutrients such as phosphorus ( P ) and micronutrients (iron ( F e), zinc ( Z n) and manganese ( M n)). Phosphorus‐mobilizing crop species improve P nutrition for themselves and neighboring non‐ P ‐mobilizing species by releasing acid phosphatases, protons and/or carboxylates into the rhizosphere which increases the concentration of soluble inorganic P in soil. Similarly, on calcareous soils with a very low availability of F e and Z n, F e‐ and Z n‐mobilizing species, such as graminaceous monocotyledonous and cluster‐rooted species, benefit themselves, and also reduce F e or Z n deficiency in neighboring species, by releasing chelating substances. Based on this review, we hypothesize that mobilization‐based facilitative interactions may be an unsuspected, but potentially important mechanism enhancing productivity in both natural ecosystems and bio ersity experiments. We discuss cases in which nutrient mobilization might be occurring in natural ecosystems, and suggest that the nutrient mobilization hypothesis merits formal testing in natural ecosystems.

Genetic delineation of local provenance defines seed collection zones along a climate gradient

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 18-08-2015

DOI: 10.1093/AOBPLA/PLV149

Abstract: Efforts to re-establish native plant species should consider intraspecific variation if we are to restore genetic ersity and evolutionary potential. Data describing spatial genetic structure and the scale of adaptive differentiation are needed for restoration seed sourcing. Genetically defined provenance zones provide species-specific guidelines for the distance within which seed transfer likely maintains levels of genetic ersity and conserves locally adapted traits. While a growing number of studies incorporate genetic marker data in delineation of local provenance, they often fail to distinguish the impacts of neutral and non-neutral variation. We analysed population genetic structure for 134 lified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in Stylidium hispidum (Stylidiaceae) along a north–south transect of the species' range with the goal to estimate the distance at which significant genetic differences occur among source and recipient populations in restoration. In addition, we tested AFLP markers for signatures of selection, and examined the relationship of neutral and putatively selected markers with climate variables. Estimates of population genetic structure revealed significant levels of differentiation (Φ PT = 0.23) and suggested a global provenance distance of 45 km for pairwise comparisons of 16 populations. Of the 134 markers, 13 exhibited evidence of ersifying selection (Φ PT = 0.52). Using data for precipitation and thermal gradients, we compared genetic, geographic and environmental distance for subsets of neutral and selected markers. Strong isolation by distance was detected in all cases, but positive correlations with climate variables were present only for markers with signatures of selection. We address findings in light of defining local provenance in ecological restoration.

Soil phosphorus availability alters the correlations between root phosphorus‐uptake rates and net photosynthesis of dominant C₃ and C₄ species in a typical temperate grassland of

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-08-2023

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.19167

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fertilization can alleviate a soil P deficiency in grassland ecosystems. Understanding plant functional traits that enhance P uptake can improve grassland management. We measured impacts of P addition on soil chemical and microbial properties, net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) and nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations ([NSC]), and root P‐uptake rate (PUR), morphology, anatomy, and exudation of two dominant grass species: Leymus chinensis (C 3 ) and Cleistogenes squarrosa (C 4 ). For L. chinensis , PUR and P n showed a nonlinear correlation. Growing more adventitious roots compensated for the decrease in P transport per unit root length, so that it maintained a high PUR. For C. squarrosa , PUR and P n presented a linear correlation. Increased P n was associated with modifications in root morphology, which further enhanced its PUR and a greater surplus of photosynthate and significantly stimulated root exudation (proxied by leaf [Mn]), which had a greater impact on rhizosheath micro‐environment and microbial PLFAs. Our results present correlations between the PUR and the P n of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa and reveal that NSC appeared to drive the modifications of root morphology and exudation they provide more objective basis for more efficient P‐input in grasslands to address the urgent problem of P deficiency.

Commensalism in an agroecosystem: hydraulic redistribution by deep-rooted legumes improves survival of a droughted shallow-rooted legume companion

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-01-2013

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12020

Abstract: We investigated commensalism of water use among annual shallow-rooted and perennial deep-rooted pasture legumes by examining the effect of hydraulic lift by Cullen pallidum (N.T.Burb.) J.W.Grimes and Medicago sativa on growth, survival and nutrient uptake of Trifolium subterraneum L. A vertically split-root design allowed separate control of soil water in top and bottom soil. Thirty-five days after watering ceased in the top tube, but soil remained at field capacity in the bottom tube, an increase in shallow soil water content by hydraulic lift was 5.6 and 5.9 g kg(-1) soil overnight for C. pallidum and M. sativa, respectively. Trifolium subterraneum in this treatment maintained higher leaf water potentials (with M. sativa) or exhibited a slower decline (with C. pallidum) than without companion perennial plants and shoot biomass of T. subterraneum was 56% (with C. pallidum) and 67% (with M. sativa) of that when both top and bottom tubes were at field capacity. Uptake of rubidium (a potassium analog) and phosphorus by T. subterraneum was not facilitated by hydraulic lift. Interestingly, phosphorus content was threefold greater, and shoot biomass 1.5-3.3-fold greater when T. subterraneum was interplanted with C. pallidum compared with M. sativa, although dry weight of C. pallidum was much greater than that of M. sativa. This study showed that interplanting with deep-rooted perennial legumes has benefited the survival of T. subterraneum.

Salicylic acid enhances the activity of the alternative pathway of respiration in tobacco leaves and induces thermogenicity

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-1995

DOI: 10.1007/BF00203637

An integrated belowground trait‐based understanding of nitrogen‐driven plant diversity loss

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-03-2022

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16147

Abstract: Belowground plant traits play important roles in plant ersity loss driven by atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the way N enrichment shapes plant microhabitats by patterning belowground traits and finally determines aboveground responses is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the rhizosheath trait of 74 plant species in seven N‐addition simulation experiments across multiple grassland ecosystems in China. We found that rhizosheath formation differed among plant functional groups and contributed to changes in plant community composition induced by N enrichment. Compared with forb species, grass and sedge species exhibited distinct rhizosheaths moreover, grasses and sedges expanded their rhizosheaths with increasing N‐addition rate which allowed them to colonize belowground habitats. Grasses also shaped a different microenvironment around their roots compared with forbs by affecting the physicochemical, biological, and stress‐avoiding properties of their rhizosphere soil. Rhizosheaths act as a “biofilm‐like shield” by the accumulation of protective compounds, carboxylic anions and polysaccharides, determined by both plants and microorganisms. This enhanced the tolerance of grasses and sedges to stresses induced by N enrichment. Conversely, forbs lacked the protective rhizosheaths which renders their roots sensitive to stresses induced by N enrichment, thus contributing to their disappearance under N‐enriched conditions. This study uncovers the processes by which belowground facilitation and trait matching affect aboveground responses under conditions of N enrichment, which advances our mechanistic understanding of the contribution of competitive exclusion and environmental tolerance to plant ersity loss caused by N deposition.

A cool spot in a biodiversity hotspot: why do tall Eucalyptus forests in Southwest Australia exhibit low diversity?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05559-2

Abstract: Southwest Australia is a bio ersity hotspot, with greatest plant species ersity on the most severely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils. Here, non-mycorrhizal species with highly-effective carboxylate-releasing P-acquisition strategies coexist with mycorrhizal species that are less effective at accessing P on these soils. Non-mycorrhizal carboxylate-releasing species facilitate P acquisition of mycorrhizal neighbours that are better defended against pathogens. In the Southwest Australian Bio ersity Hotspot, there are also ‘cool spots’ of low- ersity tall mycorrhizal Eucalyptus communities on P-impoverished soils. These Eucalyptus trees obviously do not require facilitation of their P acquisition by carboxylate-releasing neighbours, because these are only a minor component of the low- ersity communities. We hypothesised that in low- ersity tall Eucalyptus forests, mycorrhizal species release carboxylates to acquire P. Thus, they would not depend on facilitation, and must be strong competitors. However, because they would not depend on external mycorrhizal hyphae to acquire P, they would also not be able to access soil organic nitrogen (N), for which they would need external hyphae. Since carboxylates not only mobilise P, but also manganese (Mn), we used leaf Mn concentrations ([Mn]) in the natural habitat to proxy rhizosphere carboxylates. To verify this proxy, we also measured carboxylate exudation of targeted species with high leaf [Mn] using seedlings grown in low-P nutrient solutions. Using these complementary approaches, we confirmed our hypothesis that dominant Eucalyptus species in ‘cool spots’ release carboxylates. Since mineralisation of organic N is associated with fractionation of N, enriching organic N with 15 N while nitrate is depleted in 15 N, we measured the stable N isotope composition of leaf material. The results show that dominant Eucalyptus species did not access organic N, despite being ectomycorrhizal. The low ersity of tall Eucalyptus forests in southwest Australia can be explained by dominant mycorrhizal species exhibiting a carboxylate-releasing strategy. The tall eucalypts are therefore strong competitors that do not require facilitation, but also do not access organic N.

A critique of the use of inhibitors to estimate partitioning of electrons between mitochondrial respiratory pathways in plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-1995

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1995.TB05518.X

More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium pathway than through the root pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2022

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16263

Abstract: Plant roots and associated mycorrhizae exert a large influence on soil carbon (C) cycling. Yet, little was known whether and how roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) extraradical mycelia differentially contribute to soil organic C (SOC) accumulation in alpine forests under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Using ingrowth cores, the relative contributions of the root pathway (RP i.e., roots and rhizosphere processes) and mycelium pathway (MP i.e., extraradical mycelia and hyphosphere processes) to SOC accumulation were distinguished and quantified in an ECM‐dominated forest receiving chronic N addition (25 kg N ha −1 year −1 ). Under the non‐N addition, the RP facilitated SOC accumulation, although the MP reduced SOC accumulation. Nitrogen addition enhanced the positive effect of RP on SOC accumulation from +18.02 to +20.55 mg C g −1 but counteracted the negative effect of MP on SOC accumulation from −5.62 to −0.57 mg C g −1 , compared with the non‐N addition. Compared with the non‐N addition, the N‐induced SOC accumulation was 1.62–2.21 and 3.23–4.74 mg C g −1 , in the RP and the MP, respectively. The greater contribution of MP to SOC accumulation was mainly attributed to the higher microbial C pump (MCP) efficacy (the proportion of increased microbial residual C to the increased SOC under N addition) in the MP (72.5%) relative to the RP (57%). The higher MCP efficacy in the MP was mainly associated with the higher fungal metabolic activity (i.e., the greater fungal biomass and N‐acetyl glucosidase activity) and greater binding efficiency of fungal residual C to mineral surfaces than those of RP. Collectively, our findings highlight the indispensable role of mycelia and hyphosphere processes in the formation and accumulation of stable SOC in the context of increasing N deposition.

Plant Functional Traits: Soil and Ecosystem Services

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2017.01.005

Abstract: Decline of ecosystem services has triggered numerous studies aiming at developing more sustainable agricultural management practices. Some agricultural practices may improve soil properties by expanding plant bio ersity. However, sustainable management of agroecosystems should be performed from a functional plant trait perspective. Advances in functional ecology, especially plant functional trait effects on ecosystem processes and services, provide pivotal knowledge for ecological intensification of agriculture this approach acknowledges that a crop field is an agroecosystem whose ecological processes influence soil properties. We highlight the links between plant functional traits and soil properties in relation to four major ecosystem processes involved in vital ecosystem services: food production, crop protection, climate change mitigation, and soil and water conservation, aiming towards ecological intensification of sustainable agricultural and soil management.

Leaf and root respiration of Lolium perenne populations selected for contrasting leaf respiration rates are affected by intra- and interpopulation interactions.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1023/A:1010336632553

Soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: structure, function, and predictive scaling for climate change mitigation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-02-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-020-04427-1

Darwin as a plant scientist: a Southern Hemisphere perspective

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2009.06.004

Abstract: Events around the world this year celebrate the bicentenary of the birth of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and the sesquicentenary of publication of his most important work, The Origin of Species (Darwin 1859). The associated plethora of books and papers now appearing to commemorate Darwin's work continue the traditional emphasis on his zoological and geological contributions. There has been some recent attention directed towards Darwin's relatively unsung but significant accomplishments as a botanist. Here, we bring together a review of Darwin's botanical discoveries and experiments and relevant aspects of his geological investigations, with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere. This is a relatively unexplored aspect of Darwin's contributions that yields some new insights meriting future research.

Mycorrhizal ecology would benefit from region-specific hypotheses

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.PEDOBI.2023.150908

Phosphorus nutrition in Proteaceae and beyond

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-08-2015

DOI: 10.1038/NPLANTS.2015.109

Abstract: Proteaceae in southwestern Australia have evolved on some of the most phosphorus-impoverished soils in the world. They exhibit a range of traits that allow them to both acquire and utilize phosphorus highly efficiently. This is in stark contrast with many model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and crop species, which evolved on soils where nitrogen is the major limiting nutrient. When exposed to low phosphorus availability, these plants typically exhibit phosphorus-starvation responses, whereas Proteaceae do not. This Review explores the traits that account for the very high efficiency of acquisition and use of phosphorus in Proteaceae, and explores which of these traits are promising for improving the phosphorus efficiency of crop plants.

Leaf traits from stomata to morphology are associated with climatic and edaphic variables for dominant tropical forest evergreen oaks

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-06-2021

DOI: 10.1093/JPE/RTAB060

Abstract: Understanding variation and coordination of leaf traits at multiscales along elevational gradients can help predict the likely responses of dominant species to climate change. We seek to determine the extent to which variation in leaf stomatal, anatomical and morphological traits is associated with environmental factors, and whether ecological strategies of Cyclobalanopsis species shift with elevations. In a tropical forest landscape in Jianfengling, South China, we determined leaf traits related to stomata, anatomy and morphology of six evergreen oak species (Cyclobalanopsis bambusaefolia, C. hui, C. patelliformis, C. fleuryi, C. tiaoloshanica and C. phanera) along a long elevational gradient (400–1400 m above sea level). We found that stomatal density and stomatal pore index increased, whereas spongy mesophyll thickness to leaf thickness ratios decreased, significantly with elevation. The leaf area and leaf dry matter content increased and decreased, respectively, with elevation. Variations in stomatal, anatomical and morphological traits were mainly correlated to the mean annual temperature, mean annual sum precipitation and soil pH. At low and high elevations, the oak species exhibited strong stress tolerance combined with competition strategy, while they shifted toward more clearly the competitive strategy at intermediate elevations. And the changes in soil phosphorus concentration and soil pH along the elevation may drive the shift of ecological strategy. The results showed that the dominant oak species in tropical forests respond to environmental change by modulating traits at multiple levels, from that of the in idual cell, through tissue and up to the whole leaf scale.

Surplus Carbon Drives Allocation and Plant–Soil Interactions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2020.08.007

Phosphorus and selenium uptake, root morphology, and carboxylates in the rhizosheath of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as affected by localised phosphate and selenite supply in a split-root system

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 29-09-2021

DOI: 10.1071/FP21031

Abstract: Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a key limiting factor for the growth of many crops. Selenium (Se) is a nutrient for humans that is acquired predominantly from plants. Localised P and Se supply may affect P- and Se-uptake efficiency. Our aim was to examine the mechanisms of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to acquire P and Se when the elements are heterogeneously or homogeneously distributed in soil, and how P and Se supply affect plant growth and uptake of P and Se. We conducted a split-root experiment growing alfalfa in a loess soil with two distribution patterns (i.e. heterogeneous and homogeneous) of P and Se. The application rates of P (KH2PO4) and Se (Na2SeO3) were 0 and 20 mg P kg−1, and 0 and 1 mg Se kg−1, respectively. Our results showed that plants absorbed more Se when both P and Se were supplied homogeneously than when supplied heterogeneously. Supplying Se had a positive effect on plant P content. Localised P supply resulted in the exudation of more carboxylates by roots than homogeneous P supply did. Soil microbial biomass P was significantly greater when P was supplied homogeneously. Shoot-to-root translocation of Se had a positive effect on P-uptake efficiency. These results indicated that, compared with homogeneous P supply, localised P supply promoted P and Se uptake by increasing the amount of rhizosheath carboxylates and weakening the competition between roots and microbes. Translocation of Se within plant organs was promoted by the application of P, thus enhancing the P-uptake efficiency of alfalfa.

Cytochrome and alternative pathway activity in roots of thermal and non‐thermal Agrostis species in response to high soil temperature

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-11-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.2006.00784.X

Costs of acquiring phosphorus by vascular land plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-01-2018

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.14967

Abstract: Content Summary 1420 I. Introduction 1421 II. Root adaptations that influence P acquisition 1422 III. Costs of P acquisition: general 1423 IV. Costs of P acquisition that are independent of soil P concentrations 1423 V. Costs of P acquisition that increase as soil P concentrations decline 1424 VI. Discussion and conclusions 1424 Acknowledgements 1425 References 1425 SUMMARY: We compare carbon (and hence energy) costs of the different modes of phosphorus (P) acquisition by vascular land plants. Phosphorus-acquisition modes are considered to be mechanisms of plants together with their root symbionts and structures such as cluster roots involved in mobilising or absorbing P. Phosphorus sources considered are soluble and insoluble inorganic and organic pools. Costs include operating the P-acquisition mechanisms, and resource requirements to construct and maintain them. For most modes, costs increase as the relevant soil P concentration declines. Costs can thus be ided into a component incurred irrespective of soil P concentration, and a component describing how quickly costs increase as the soil P concentration declines. Differences in sensitivity of costs to soil P concentration arise mainly from how economically mycorrhizal fungal hyphae or roots that explore the soil volume are constructed, and from costs of exudates that hydrolyse or mobilise insoluble P forms. In general, modes of acquisition requiring least carbon at high soil P concentrations experience a steeper increase in costs as soil P concentrations decline. The relationships between costs and concentrations suggest some reasons why different modes coexist, and why the mixture of acquisition modes differs between sites.

Targeting Low-Phytate Soybean Genotypes Without Compromising Desirable Phosphorus-Acquisition Traits

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 14-12-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FGENE.2020.574547

Abstract: Phytate-phosphorus (P) in food and feed is not efficiently utilized by humans and non-ruminant livestock, potentially contributing to high losses of P to the environment. Crops with high P-acquisition efficiency can access soil P effectively. It remains elusive whether crop genotypes with high P-acquisition efficiency can also have low seed phytate concentrations. A core collection of 256 soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes from China with erse genetic background were grown in the same environment and seeds were s led to screen for seed phytate-P concentration. Some of these genotypes were also grown in a low-P soil in the glasshouse to measure root morphological and physiological traits related to P acquisition. Large genotypic variation was found in seed phytate-P concentration (0.69–5.49 mg P g –1 dry weight), total root length, root surface area, rhizosheath carboxylates, and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosheath soil. Geographically, seed phytate-P concentration was the highest for the genotypes from Hainan Province, whereas it was the lowest for the genotypes from Inner Mongolia. Seed phytate-P concentration showed no correlation with any desirable root traits associated with enhanced P acquisition. Two genotypes (Siliyuan and Diliuhuangdou-2) with both low phytate concentrations and highly desirable P-acquisition traits were identified. This is the first study to show that some soybean genotypes have extremely low seed phytate concentrations, combined with important root traits for efficient P acquisition, offering material for breeding genotypes with low seed phytate-P concentrations.

Trait correlation networks: a whole-plant perspective on the recently criticized leaf economic spectrum

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-10-2014

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.12547

Physiological changes in white lupin associated with variation in root‐zone CO₂ concentration and cluster‐root P mobilization

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-06-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2005.01358.X

Crack growth behavior of low-alloy bainitic 51CrV4 steel

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2010.03.149

Interspecific facilitation of micronutrient uptake between cluster-root-bearing trees and non-cluster rooted-shrubs in a Banksia woodland

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-06-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06092-6

Abstract: Belowground interspecific plant facilitation is supposed to play a key role in enabling species co-existence in hyper erse ecosystems in extremely nutrient-poor, semi-arid habitats, such as Banksia woodlands in southwestern-Australia. Manganese (Mn) is readily mobilised by Banksia cluster root activity in most soils and accumulates in mature leaves of native Australian plant species without significant remobilisation during leaf senescence. We hypothesised that neighbouring shrubs are facilitated in terms of Mn uptake depending on distance to surrounding cluster root-forming Banksia trees. We mapped all Banksia trees and selected neighbouring shrubs within a study site in Western Australia. Soil s les were collected and analysed for physical properties and nutrient concentrations. To assesses the effect of Banksia tree proximity on leaf Mn concentrations [Mn] of non-cluster-rooted woody shrubs, s les of similarly aged leaves were taken. We used multiple linear models to test for factors affecting shrub leaf [Mn]. None of the assessed soil parameters showed a significant correlation with shrub leaf Mn concentrations. However, we observed a significant positive effect of very close Banksia trees (2 m) on leaf [Mn] in one of the understorey shrubs. We found additional effects of elevation and shrub size. Leaf micronutrient concentrations of understorey shrubs were enhanced when growing within 2 m of tall Banksia trees. Our model predictions also indicate that belowground facilitation of Mn uptake was shrub size-dependent. We discuss this result in the light of plant water relations and shrub root system architecture.

Foliar nutrient allocation patterns in Banksia attenuata and Banksia sessilis differing in growth rate and adaptation to low-phosphorus habitats

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 03-02-2021

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAB013

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients that frequently limit primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Efficient use of these nutrients is important for plants growing in nutrient-poor environments. Plants generally reduce foliar P concentration in response to low soil P availability. We aimed to assess ecophysiological mechanisms and adaptive strategies for efficient use of P in Banksia attenuata (Proteaceae), naturally occurring on deep sand, and B. sessilis, occurring on shallow sand over laterite or limestone, by comparing the allocation of P among foliar P fractions. We carried out pot experiments with slow-growing B. attenuata, which resprouts after fire, and faster growing opportunistic B. sessilis, which is killed by fire, on substrates with different P availability using a randomized complete block design. We measured leaf P and N concentrations, photosynthesis, leaf mass per area, relative growth rate and P allocated to major biochemical fractions in B. attenuata and B. sessilis. The two species had similarly low foliar total P concentrations, but distinct patterns of P allocation to P-containing fractions. The foliar total N concentration of B. sessilis was greater than that of B. attenuata on all substrates. The foliar total P and N concentrations in both species decreased with decreasing P availability. The relative growth rate of both species was positively correlated with concentrations of both foliar nucleic acid P and total N, but there was no correlation with other P fractions. Faster growing B. sessilis allocated more P to nucleic acids than B. attenuata did, but other fractions were similar. The nutrient allocation patterns in faster growing opportunistic B. sessilis and slower growing B. attenuata revealed different strategies in response to soil P availability which matched their contrasting growth strategy.

Linking shifts in species composition induced by grazing with root traits for phosphorus acquisition in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.136495

Abstract: Long-term overgrazing tends to cause soil phosphorus (P) deficiency in grasslands. The relationships between grazing-induced shifts in species composition and root traits associated with P acquisition involved in these shifts remain unknown. Species vary in their P-acquisition strategies, and we hypothesize that species that acquire P more efficiently are better adapted to overgrazing. We measured relative biomass, root physiological activities (e.g., rhizosheath acid phosphatase activity (Apase), and leaf manganese concentration ([Mn]) as a proxy for carboxylate concentrations in rhizosheath) and morphological traits (e.g., specific root length) of six common species in a field experiment conducted in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. There were two exclosure demonstration plots, i.e. exclosed since 1983 and 1996, and long-term free grazing without exclosure of sheep. Long-term overgrazing caused a reduction in bulk soil Olsen P concentration and increased community-weighted leaf nitrogen: P ratio by 27% and 37%, respectively, indicating more severe P limitation for steppe vegetation. Carex duriuscula exhibited an inherently greater specific root length, proportion of fine roots and rhizosheath Apase than other species did in both exclosure and grazing treatments. Cleistogenes squarrosa showed a greater leaf [Mn] induced by overgrazing. The increased dominance of C. duriuscula and C. squarrosa was positively correlated with finer roots, greater rhizosheath Apase or carboxylate release under long-term overgrazing. Species that had inefficient root traits for P acquisition (e.g., low specific root length and low leaf [Mn]), i.e. Stipa grandis, exhibited a decreased dominance in response to overgrazing. Dominance of species did not change under grazing which may be related to either relatively inefficient inherent morphological (i.e. in Artemisia frigida) or physiological traits (i.e. in Leymus chinensis and Agropyron michnoi) for P acquisition. Our study highlights the importance of acknowledging root traits involved in efficient P acquisition for theories on community succession induced by overgrazing.

Translocation of nitrogen in a vegetative wheat plant (Triticum aestivum)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1982

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1982.TB04892.X

Soil pH accounts for differences in species distribution and leaf nutrient concentrations of Brazilian woodland savannah and seasonally dry forest species

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.PPEES.2014.02.001

Strong host specificity of a root hemi-parasite (Santalum acuminatum) limits its local distribution: beggars can be choosers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-02-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-019-03966-6

The rise and fall of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity during ecosystem retrogression

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-09-2015

DOI: 10.1111/MEC.13363

Abstract: Ecosystem retrogression following long-term pedogenesis is attributed to phosphorus (P) limitation of primary productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance P acquisition for most terrestrial plants, but it has been suggested that this strategy becomes less effective in strongly weathered soils with extremely low P availability. Using next generation sequencing of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene in roots and soil, we compared the composition and ersity of AMF communities in three contrasting stages of a retrogressive >2-million-year dune chronosequence in a global bio ersity hotspot. This chronosequence shows a ~60-fold decline in total soil P concentration, with the oldest stage representing some of the most severely P-impoverished soils found in any terrestrial ecosystem. The richness of AMF operational taxonomic units was low on young (1000's of years), moderately P-rich soils, greatest on relatively old (~120 000 years) low-P soils, and low again on the oldest (>2 000 000 years) soils that were lowest in P availability. A similar decline in AMF phylogenetic ersity on the oldest soils occurred, despite invariant host plant ersity and only small declines in host cover along the chronosequence. Differences in AMF community composition were greatest between the youngest and the two oldest soils, and this was best explained by differences in soil P concentrations. Our results point to a threshold in soil P availability during ecosystem regression below which AMF ersity declines, suggesting environmental filtering of AMF insufficiently adapted to extremely low P availability.

No evidence of regulation in root-mediated iron reduction in two Strategy I cluster-rooted Banksia species (Proteaceae)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-01-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-04849-5

Catalysing transdisciplinary synthesis in ecosystem science and management.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.06.044

Contribution of physiological and morphological plant traits to a species' competitive ability at high and low nitrogen supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-1993

DOI: 10.1007/BF00317120

The Roots of Carnivorous Plants

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-004-2754-2

Correction to: Niche differentiation and higher uptake of available nitrogen maintained the productivity of alpine meadow at early degradation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-11-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S00374-022-01685-2

Cyanide-resistant respiration: A non-phosphorylating electron transport pathway acting as an energy overflow

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1982

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1982.TB04530.X

Relative growth rate correlates negatively with pathogen resistance in radish: the role of plant chemistry

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-1996

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.1996.TB00006.X

The Significance of Oxygen Transport and of Metabolic Adaptation in Flood‐Tolerance of Senecio Species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-1978

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1978.TB02578.X

Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of a tropical waterlily (Nymphaea) used for commercial flower production

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-04-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05392-7

Abstract: Waterlilies ( Nymphaea spp) are ancient iconic plants. Scientific knowledge of their nutrient requirements is scarce. We investigated plant responses to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition in a cultivar of tropical waterlilies used for commercial flower production. Two studies with waterlilies were conducted simultaneously over 24 weeks. In Experiment 1, three amounts of fertiliser differing in P content were supplied either four, six or 12 times. Experiment 2 was similar, but fertiliser varied in K content. Flower production was recorded every two weeks, detailed plant measurements were made every six weeks and leaves were collected for nutrient analyses at week 20. At week 24, shoot biomass was harvested and weighed. Total flower production increased with increasing P supply but decreased with increasing K supply. With increasing P supply, leaf P concentration increased from 1.3 to 2.0 mg g −1 dry weight. Increasing the K supply decreased leaf P concentration but had no effect on K concentration. In the P experiment, leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations were generally low as was the leaf zinc concentration. Final plant size increased with increasing P supply but declined with increasing K supply. Waterlily growth and flowering declined with increasing K supply and increased with increasing P supply. Fertiliser-P requirement was very high, and it is possible that plants would have responded to greater amounts of P than we used. This was partly due to the very high P-sorbing capacity of the soil we used. Inefficient nutrient uptake owing to the low capacity for P acquisition of waterlily roots at the near-neutral pH of flooded soil was also a likely factor.

Does elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration inhibit mitochondrial respiration in green plants?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1999

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3040.1999.00438.X

Drought resistance and recovery in mature Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-10-2014

DOI: 10.1111/AAB.12171

Edaphic niche characterization of four Proteaceae reveals unique calcicole physiology linked to hyper‐endemism of Grevillea thelemanniana

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-08-2020

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.16833

Abstract: Endemism and rarity have long intrigued scientists. We focused on a rare endemic and critically‐endangered species in a global bio ersity hotspot, Grevillea thelemanniana (Proteaceae). We carried out plant and soil analyses of four Proteaceae, including G. thelemanniana , and combined these with glasshouse studies. The analyses related to hydrology and plant water relations as well as soil nutrient concentrations and plant nutrition, with an emphasis on sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca). The local hydrology and matching plant traits related to water relations partially accounted for the distribution of the four Proteaceae. What determined the rarity of G. thelemanniana , however, was its accumulation of Ca. Despite much higher total Ca concentrations in the leaves of the rare G. thelemanniana than in the common Proteaceae, very few Ca crystals were detected in epidermal or mesophyll cells. Instead of crystals, G. thelemanniana epidermal cell vacuoles contained exceptionally high concentrations of noncrystalline Ca. Calcium ameliorated the negative effects of Na on the very salt‐sensitive G. thelemanniana . Most importantly, G. thelemanniana required high concentrations of Ca to balance a massively accumulated feeding‐deterrent carboxylate, trans ‐aconitate. This is the first ex le of a calcicole species accumulating and using Ca to balance accumulation of an antimetabolite.

Phosphorus limitation, soil-borne pathogens and the coexistence of plant species in hyperdiverse forests and shrublands

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-12-2015

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13203

Abstract: Hyper erse forests occur in the lowland tropics, whereas the most species‐rich shrublands are found in regions such as south‐western Australia (kwongan) and South Africa (fynbos). Despite large differences, these ecosystems share an important characteristic: their soils are strongly weathered and phosphorus (P) is a key growth‐limiting nutrient. Soil‐borne pathogens are increasingly being recognized as drivers of plant ersity in lowland tropical rainforests, but have received little attention in species‐rich shrublands. We suggest a trade‐off in which the species most proficient at acquiring P have ephemeral roots that are particularly susceptible to soil‐borne pathogens. This could equalize out the differences in competitive ability among co‐occurring species in these ecosystems, thus contributing to coexistence. Moreover, effective protection against soil‐borne pathogens by ectomycorrhizal ( ECM ) fungi might explain the occurrence of monodominant stands of ECM trees and shrubs amongst otherwise species‐rich communities. We identify gaps in our knowledge which need to be filled in order to evaluate a possible link between P limitation, fine root traits, soil‐borne pathogens and local plant species ersity. Such a link may help to explain how numerous plant species can coexist in hyper erse rainforests and shrublands, and, conversely, how monodominant stands can develop in these ecosystems. Contents Summary 507 I. Hyper erse forests and shrublands 507 II. Evidence for P limitation 509 III. Negative density dependence 510 IV. The importance of soil‐borne pathogens 510 V. A trade‐off between efficient P acquisition and fine root defence? 512 VI. Perspectives 516 VII. Conclusions 518 Acknowledgements 518 References 518

Nitrogen deposition enhances soil organic carbon and microbial residual carbon in a tropical forest

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-11-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05787-6

Effect of soil acidity, soil strength and macropores on root growth and morphology of perennial grass species differing in acid‐soil resistance

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-12-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2010.02254.X

Abstract: It is unclear whether roots of acid-soil resistant plants have significant advantages, compared with acid-soil sensitive genotypes, when growing in high-strength, acid soils or in acid soils where macropores may allow the effects of soil acidity and strength to be avoided. The responses of root growth and morphology to soil acidity, soil strength and macropores by seedlings of five perennial grass genotypes differing in acid-soil resistance were determined, and the interaction of soil acidity and strength for growth and morphology of roots was investigated. Soil acidity and strength altered root length and architecture, root hair development, and deformed the root tip, especially in acid-soil sensitive genotypes. Root length was restricted to some extent by soil acidity in all genotypes, but the adverse impact of soil acidity on root growth by acid-soil resistant genotypes was greater at high levels of soil strength. Roots reacted to soil acidity when growing in macropores, but elongation through high-strength soil was improved. Soil strength can confound the effect of acidity on root growth, with the sensitivity of acid-resistant genotypes being greater in high-strength soils. This highlights the need to select for genotypes that resist both acidity and high soil strength.

Release of tartrate as a major carboxylate by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under phosphorus deficiency and the effect of soil nitrogen supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-03-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-020-04481-9

Respiration in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00817-2

Partitioning of Electrons between the Cytochrome and Alternative Pathways in Intact Roots

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-1995

DOI: 10.1104/PP.108.3.1179

Abstract: To test the hypothesis that the cytochrome pathway is not invariably saturated when the alternative pathway is engaged, we titrated root respiration of several species with KCN (an inhibitor of the cytochrome pathway), both in the absence and presence of an inhibitor of the alternative pathway (salicylhydroxamic acid, SHAM). The slopes of the resultant KCN [rho] plots ([rho]cyt) were then used to determine whether the cytochrome pathway was saturated in each species. The species used were Festuca ovina ssp. ovina L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., and six Poa species (Poa pratensis L., Poa compressa L., Poa trivialis L., Poa alpina L., Poa costiniana Vick., and Poa fawcettiae Vick.). Although the cytochrome pathway was saturated in a number of species (i.e. [rho]cyt values were 1.0), several others exhibited [rho]cyt values of less than 0.5. Alternative pathway capacity correlated negatively with [rho]cyt, with [rho]cyt values of less than 1.0 occurring in tissues in which the alternative pathway capacity was greater than 25 to 30% of total respiration. The species that did not show full engagement of the cytochrome pathway rarely exhibited SHAM inhibition in the absence of KCN. We conclude that this lack of SHAM inhibition is not due to a lack of alternative pathway engagement but rather to the ersion of electrons from the alternative pathway to the unsaturated cytochrome path following the addition of SHAM.

Changes in belowground interactions between wheat and white lupin along nitrogen and phosphorus gradients

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05558-3

Ethylene Emission and Responsiveness to Applied Ethylene Vary among Poa Species That Inherently Differ in Leaf Elongation Rates

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-2002

DOI: 10.1104/PP.001198

Abstract: A plant's ability to produce and respond to ethylene is essential for its vegetative growth. We studied whole-shoot ethylene emission and leaf growth responses to applied ethylene in fourPoa spp. that differ inherently in leaf elongation rate and whole-plant relative growth rate. Compared with the fast-growingPoa annua and Poa trivialis, the shoots of the slow-growing species Poa alpina and Poa compressa emitted daily 30% to 50% less ethylene, and their leaf elongation rate was more strongly inhibited when ethylene concentration was increased up to 1 μL L−1. To our surprise, however, low ethylene concentrations (0.02–0.03 μL L−1) promoted leaf growth in the two slow-growing species at the same concentrations, leaf elongation rate of the two fast-growing species was only slightly inhibited. All responses were observed within 20 min after ethylene applications. Although ethylene generally inhibits growth, our results show that in some species, it may actually stimulate growth. Moreover, in the two slow-growingPoa spp., both growth stimulation and inhibition occurred in a narrow ethylene concentration range, and this effect was associated with a much lower ethylene emission. These findings suggest that the regulation of ethylene production rates and perception of the gas may be more crucial during leaf expansion of these species under non-stressful conditions and that endogenous ethylene concentrations are not large enough to saturate leaf growth responses. In the two fast-growing species, a comparatively higher ethylene endogenous concentration may conversely be present and sufficiently high to saturate leaf elongation responses, invariably leading to growth inhibition.

Microbial controls over soil priming effects under chronic nitrogen and phosphorus additions in subtropical forests

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-09-2023

DOI: 10.1038/S41396-023-01523-9

Response of mitochondria to light intensity in the leaves of sun and shade species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-03-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2005.01322.X

Maintenance of growth rate at low temperature in rice and wheat cultivars with a high degree of respiratory homeostasis is associated with a high efficiency of respiratory ATP production

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 15-08-2004

DOI: 10.1093/PCP/PCH116

Control of Leaf Growth and its Role in Determining Variation in Plant Growth Rate from an Ecological Perspective

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 1999

DOI: 10.1111/J.1438-8677.1999.TB00703.X

Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between Higher Plants: A Search for Physiological Causes and Ecological Consequences

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2504(03)34004-8

Diversity of plant nutrient-acquisition strategies increases during long-term ecosystem development

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-04-2015

DOI: 10.1038/NPLANTS.2015.50

The application potential of coal fly ash for selenium biofortification

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1016/BS.AGRON.2019.05.002

Phenotypic plasticity in response to nitrate supply of an inherently fast-growing species from a fertile habitat and an inherently slow-growing species from an infertile habitat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-1993

DOI: 10.1007/BF00320512

Incorporating rock in surface covers improves the establishment of native pioneer vegetation on alkaline mine tailings

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.145373

Molecular mechanisms underpinning phosphorus‐use efficiency in rice

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 20-04-2018

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13191

Abstract: Orthophosphate (H

From controlled environments to field simulations: Developing a growth model for the novel perennial pasture legume Cullen australasicum

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 15-09-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2010.06.008

Preface

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-1986

DOI: 10.1007/BF02198110

The interactive effect of irradiance and source of nitrogen on growth and root respiration of Calamagrostis epigejos

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-1996

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.1996.TB04357.X

Abstract: Growth and respiratory processes of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth were studied as part of a comprehensive ecological project aimed at explaining the acclimation potential of some perennial grasses upon changes in climatic and edaphic factors after logging activity in forests. We investigated the relative growth rate (RGR), the respiration rate and the contribution of the different respiratory pathways in roots of Calamagrostis epigejos grown at two levels of irradiance and with nitrate or ammonium as N‐source. The respiration rate as well as the RGR decreased significantly but the leaf area ratio (LAR) increased upon transfer to shade. The LAR increase was caused by both a greater specific leaf area (SLA) and a greater leaf weight ratio (LWR). The relative contribution of the alternative (AP) and the cytochrome pathways to total respiration rate was the same in both radiation regimes. The ammonium form of N‐nutrition had a significant stimulative effect on AP activity in shaded plants. The AP capacity was significantly higher in ammonium‐fed plants grown at both irradiance levels. A possible role of the AP in plants with low energy input and with ammonium ions as N‐source is discussed.

Using multiple trait associations to define hydraulic functional types in plant communities of south-western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-10-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-008-1152-5

Abstract: Assessing the hydrological imbalance and associated land degradation issues facing much of southern Australia and other parts of the world requires a better understanding of the defining features of ecosystem water use and the design of sustainable agroecosystems. Thus, by grouping species with similar water-use strategies into 'hydraulic functional types' (HFTs), we investigated the characteristics of water use in species-rich plant communities of south-western Australia. HFTs were determined using multiple-trait associations between morphological and physiological traits relating to water transport, water-use efficiency and response to water deficit. Sixteen traits were assessed from a subset of 21 species from three plant communities located along a topographically determined soil- and water-availability gradient. Multivariate analyses showed that trait variation was least at sites with shallower soils and putatively lower water availability, suggesting a convergence of water-use strategies at sites where plants are exposed to large seasonal water deficits. Stem hydraulic parameters, including stem-specific hydraulic conductivity, conduit diameter and maximum percentage embolism, were positively correlated, indicating the generality that larger conduit diameter permits greater hydraulic efficiency and is associated with greater seasonal reductions in hydraulic conductivity in this ecosystem. Wood density was not correlated with these traits, but closely associated with species' ability to withstand more negative water potentials during summer. Long-term integrated water-use efficiency was lower in shallow-rooted species that exhibited more negative summer water potentials. Specific leaf area and minimum leaf water potential were correlated with a number of separate traits, and appear to represent key axes of trait variation that describe the water-use strategies of different HFTs along the topographic gradient. Five HFTs were classified using a resemblance analysis according to combinations of traits that pertain to different water-use strategies among species year-round active tree, year-round active shrub, hemiparasite, drought-suppressed broad-leaved shrub and drought-suppressed narrow-leaved shrub.

Restoration on magnetite mine waste substrates using Western Australian native plants only marginally benefited from a commercial inoculant

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2023.106991

Growth characteristics in Hordeum spontaneum populations from different habitats

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2000

DOI: 10.1046/J.1469-8137.2000.00670.X

Abstract: Hordeum spontaneum shows a large genetic variation and occupies a wide range of different habitats. The aim of this study was to quantify variation in growth characteristics of H. spontaneum from different sites in Israel and to relate this variation to different environmental conditions. To this end, 84 accessions of 21 populations were grown in a growth chamber in near‐optimal conditions and a range of physiological, morphological, allocation‐ related and chemical characteristics were measured. These parameters included rates of photosynthesis, shoot and root respiration, specific leaf area, biomass allocation and seed mass. Averaged over all traits variation explained by differences between populations was 26%, between accessions 21%, whereas that within accessions was 53%. By contrast with most genetic studies, we found variation between populations larger than between accessions. The largest between‐population variation (46%) was for morphological traits. In particular, seed mass, leaf thickness and leaf width differed strongly between populations. Variation in growth characteristics between populations was poorly related to mean annual rainfall, mean humidity or January temperature at the sites of origin. We expect that differences between populations to be larger and correlation with environmental parameters stronger in plants grown in stressful conditions. According to our study, seed mass is more important than relative growth rate in determining variation in early plant biomass in H. spontaneum .

Role of roots in adaptation of soil-indifferent Proteaceae to calcareous soils in south-western Australia

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-11-2021

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERAA515

Abstract: Very few of the & Proteaceae species in south-western Australia cope with the high calcium (Ca) levels in young, calcareous soils (soil indifferent) most are Ca sensitive and occur on nutrient-impoverished, acidic soils (calcifuge). We assessed possible control points for Ca transport across roots of two soil-indifferent (Hakea prostrata and Banksia prionotes) and two calcifuge (H. incrassata and B. menziesii) Proteaceae. Using quantitative X-ray microanalysis, we investigated cell-specific elemental Ca concentrations at two positions behind the apex in relation to development of apoplastic barriers in roots of plants grown in nutrient solution with low or high Ca supply. In H. prostrata, Ca accumulated in outer cortical cells at 20 mm behind the apex, but [Ca] was low in other cell types. In H. incrassata, [Ca] was low in all cells. Accumulation of Ca in roots of H. prostrata corresponded to development of apoplastic barriers in the endodermis. We found similar [Ca] profiles in roots and similar [Ca] in leaves of two contrasting Banksia species. Soil-indifferent Hakea and Banksia species show different strategies to inhabit calcareous soils: H. prostrata intercepts Ca in roots, reducing transport to shoots, whereas B. prionotes allocates Ca to specific leaf cells.

Translocation and utilization of carbon in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1982

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1982.TB04893.X

Highlights of special issue on “Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Agri-Food System”

Publisher: Engineering Sciences Press

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019316

Respiration of the Roots of Flood-Tolerant and Flood-Intolerant Senecio Species: Affinity for Oxygen and Resistance to Cyanide

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-1978

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1978.TB02541.X

Exogenous calcium alleviates nocturnal chilling-induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis by improving sink demand in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 21-12-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2020.607029

Abstract: Arachis hypogaea (peanut) is a globally important oilseed crop with high nutritional value. However, upon exposure to overnight chilling stress, it shows poor growth and seedling necrosis in many cultivation areas worldwide. Calcium (Ca 2+ ) enhances chilling resistance in various plant species. We undertook a pot experiment to investigate the effects of exogenous Ca 2+ and a calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut exposed to low night temperature (LNT) stress following warm sunny days. The LNT stress reduced growth, leaf extension, biomass accumulation, gas exchange rates, and photosynthetic electron transport rates. Following LNT stress, we observed larger starch grains and a concomitant increase in nonstructural carbohydrates and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentrations. The LNT stress further induced photoinhibition and caused structural damage to the chloroplast grana. Exogenous Ca 2+ enhanced plant growth following LNT stress, possibly by allowing continued export of carbohydrates from leaves. Foliar Ca 2+ likely alleviated the nocturnal chilling-dependent feedback limitation on photosynthesis in the daytime by increasing sink demand. The foliar Ca 2+ pretreatment protected the photosystems from photoinhibition by facilitating cyclic electron flow (CEF) and decreasing the proton gradient ( Δ pH) across thylakoid membranes during LNT stress. Foliar application of a CaM inhibitor increased the negative impact of LNT stress on photosynthetic processes, confirming that Ca 2+ –CaM played an important role in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition due to the overnight chilling-dependent feedback.

Variation in seedling growth of 11 perennial legumes in response to phosphorus supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-07-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-009-0088-9

Atmospheric factors outweigh species traits and soil properties in explaining spatiotemporal variation in water-use efficiency of tropical and subtropical forest species

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2022.109056

Annual Plant Reviews Volume 48

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-04-2015

DOI: 10.1002/9781118958841

A shift from phenol to silica-based leaf defences during long-term soil and ecosystem development

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-03-2021

DOI: 10.1111/ELE.13713

Abstract: The resource availability hypothesis predicts that plants adapted to infertile soils have high levels of anti‐herbivore leaf defences. This hypothesis has been mostly explored for secondary metabolites such as phenolics, whereas it remains underexplored for silica‐based defences. We determined leaf concentrations of total phenols and silicon (Si) in plants growing along the 2‐million‐year Jurien Bay chronosequence, exhibiting an extreme gradient of soil fertility. We found that nitrogen (N) limitation on young soils led to a greater expression of phenol‐based defences, whereas old, phosphorus (P)‐impoverished soils favoured silica‐based defences. Both defence types were negatively correlated at the community and in idual species level. Our results suggest a trade‐off among these two leaf defence strategies based on the strength and type of nutrient limitation, thereby opening up new perspectives for the resource availability hypothesis and plant defence research. This study also highlights the importance of silica‐based defences under low P supply.

The impact factor of Plant and Soil reached a record of 3.235

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-08-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-014-2236-0

Efficiency of Root Respiration in Relation to Growth Rate, Morphology and Soil Composition

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1979

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1979.TB06557.X

Depth-driven responses of microbial residual carbon to nitrogen addition approaches in a tropical forest: Canopy addition versus understory addition

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2023.118009

Short-term and long-term root respiratory acclimation to elevated temperatures associated with root thermotolerance for two Agrostis grass species

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-2008

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERN233

Delayed greening in phosphorus-efficient Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is a photoprotective and nutrient-saving strategy

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1071/FP19285

Abstract: Hakea prostrata R.Br. (Proteaceae) shows a ‘delayed greening’ strategy of leaf development characterised by reddish young leaves that become green as they mature. This trait may contribute to efficient use of phosphorus (P) during leaf development by first investing P in the development of leaf structure followed by maturation of the photosynthetic machinery. In this study, we investigated the properties of delayed greening in a highly P-efficient species to enhance our understanding of the ecological significance of this trait as a nutrient-saving and photoprotective strategy. In glasshouse-grown plants, we assessed foliar pigments, fatty acids and nutrient composition across five leaf developmental stages. Young leaves had higher concentrations of anthocyanin, P, nitrogen (N), copper (Cu), xanthophyll-cycle pigments and saturated fatty acids than mature leaves. As leaves developed, the concentration of anthocyanins decreased, whereas that of chlorophyll and the double bond index of fatty acids increased. In mature leaves, ~60% of the fatty acids was α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Mature leaves also had higher concentrations of aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) than young leaves. We conclude that delayed greening in H. prostrata is a strategy that saves P as well as N and Cu through sequential allocation of these resources, first to cell production and structural development, and then to supplement chloroplast development. This strategy also protects young leaves against photodamage and oxidative stress during leaf expansion under high-light conditions.

Leaf manganese accumulation and phosphorus-acquisition efficiency

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2014.10.007

Abstract: Plants that deploy a phosphorus (P)-mobilising strategy based on the release of carboxylates tend to have high leaf manganese concentrations ([Mn]). This occurs because the carboxylates mobilise not only soil inorganic and organic P, but also a range of micronutrients, including Mn. Concentrations of most other micronutrients increase to a small extent, but Mn accumulates to significant levels, even when plants grow in soil with low concentrations of exchangeable Mn availability. Here, we propose that leaf [Mn] can be used to select for genotypes that are more efficient at acquiring P when soil P availability is low. Likewise, leaf [Mn] can be used to screen for belowground functional traits related to nutrient-acquisition strategies among species in low-P habitats.

Faster accumulation and greater contribution of glomalin to the soil organic carbon pool than amino sugars do under tropical coastal forest restoration

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-10-2022

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16467

Abstract: Microbial metabolic products play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem multifunctionality, such as soil physical structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation. Afforestation is an effective strategy to restore degraded land. Glomalin‐related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars are regarded as stable microbial‐derived C, and their distribution within soil aggregates affects soil structure stability and SOC sequestration. However, the information about how afforestation affects the microbial contribution to SOC pools within aggregates is poorly understood. We assessed the accumulation and contribution of GRSP and amino sugars within soil aggregates along a restoration chronosequence (Bare land, Eucalyptus exserta plantation, native species mixed forest, and native forest) in tropical coastal terraces. Amino sugars and GRSP concentrations increased, whereas their contributions to the SOC pool decreased along the restoration chronosequence. Although microaggregates harbored greater microbial abundances, amino sugars and GRSP concentrations were not significantly affected by aggregate sizes. Interestingly, the contributions of amino sugars and GRSP to SOC pools decreased with decreasing aggregate size which might be associated with increased accumulation of plant‐derived C. However, the relative change rate of GRSP was consistently greater in all restoration chronosequences than that of amino sugars. The accumulation of GRSP and amino sugars in SOC pools was closely associated with the dynamics of soil fertility and the microbial community. Our findings suggest that GRSP accumulates faster and contributes more to SOC pools during restoration than amino sugars did which was greatly affected by aggregate sizes. Afforestation substantially enhanced soil quality with native forest comprising species sequestering more SOC than the monoculture plantation did. Such information is invaluable for improving our mechanistic understanding of microbial control over SOC preservation during degraded ecosystem restoration. Our findings also show that plantations using arbuscular mycorrhizal plants can be an effective practice to sequester more soil carbon during restoration.

Comparison of novel and standard methods for analysing patterns of plant death in designed field experiments

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 04-07-2011

DOI: 10.1017/S0021859611000566

Abstract: The present paper compares standard and novel methods for analysing aggregated patterns of plant death in designed field experiments these methods include binomial (BN), beta-binomial (BBN), logistic-normal-binomial (LNB), BN models with random blocks, BN models with smooth-scale spatial components and principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM). PCNM is a relatively new technique used in ecology to determine how much observed variability can be explained by spatial and environmental variables, and has not yet been applied to agricultural studies. The survival data of two pasture species, collected from a designed field experiment that was replicated at multiple locations, were used. First, the occurrence of overdispersion was tested using the BN and BBN distributions. Goodness-of-fit tests proved that the BBN model provided a better description (better fit) of the observed data in some cases than did the BN distribution, indicating overdispersion was present. When overdispersion was not present, the BN distribution was adequate to describe the data, and the use of the BBN distribution was superfluous. It is then shown that the PCNM approach, the BN model with smooth-scale spatial components and the LNB model were able to account for some of the variation as spatial variability, thus reducing the species effect compared with that explained under the standard BN model. The amount of variation among species according to the BN model and the BN model with random blocks was similar. Therefore, it is argued that the novel PCNM approach warrants further testing when exploring the spatial variability in designed experiments in agriculture and using LNB, PCNM and BN with smooth-scale spatial components may provide better predictions of species effects than do other, more conventional, approaches.

Growth, carboxylate exudates and nutrient dynamics in three herbaceous perennial plant species under low, moderate and high phosphorus supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-06-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-012-1311-7

SO42- Deprivation Has an Early Effect on the Content of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Photosynthesis in Young Leaves of Wheat

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-1997

DOI: 10.1104/PP.115.3.1231

Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring) supplied with 0.45 mM SO42- for 14 d with relative growth rates (RGR) of 0.22 to 0.24 d-1 was deprived of S for 7 to 8 d. There was no significant effect on RGR or leaf development (leaf 2 length was constant leaf 3 expanded for 2–4 d leaf 4 emerged and elongated throughout the experiment) during the S deprivation. In controls the net assimilation rate (A) closely reflected leaf ontogeny. S deprivation affected A in all leaves, particularly leaf 4, in which A remained at 8 to 10 [mu]mol CO2 m-2 s-1, whereas in controls A rose steadily to & [mu]mol CO2 m-2 s-1. In leaf 2, with a fully assembled photosynthetic system, A decreased in S-deprived plants relative to controls only at the end of the experiment. Effects on A were not due to altered stomatal conductance or leaf internal [CO2] ([C]i) decreases in the initial slope of A/[C]i curves indicated an effect of S deprivation on the carboxylase efficiency. Measurement of Rubisco activity and large subunit protein abundance paralleled effects on A and A/[C]i in S-deprived leaves. Negative effects on photosynthesis in S-deprived plants are discussed in relation to mobilization of S reserves, including Rubisco, emphasizing the need for continuous S supply during vegetative growth.

Soil-plant interactions and sustainability of eco-agriculture in arid region: a crucially important topic to address

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-11-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-009-0208-6

Interactions between below‐ground traits and rhizosheath fungal and bacterial communities for phosphorus acquisition

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2021

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13823

Abstract: Plant–soil–microbe interactions play a central role in plant nutrient acquisition and thus ecosystem functioning and nutrient availability in agroecosystems. Adjustments in root morphology, root exudation and associations with micro‐organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are common for phosphorus acquisition. Yet how plant below‐ground functional traits interact with microbial communities for P acquisition remains largely unknown, limiting our understanding of phosphorus availability in agroecosystems. Interactions between below‐ground functional traits and rhizosheath soil microbial communities for P acquisition were investigated across eight herbaceous species with contrasting root traits. Root morphological and physiological traits involved in P acquisition were quantified simultaneously with PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) and NLFA (neutral lipid fatty acid) microbial bioindicators. Multiple correlations were observed between root morphology, root exudates and rhizosheath fungal and bacterial communities. Root exudates and in particular release of malate and malonate were strongly linked with indicators of Gram‐negative bacteria, which were correlated with changes in rhizosheath soil P concentration and plant P content. Our results suggest that root exudation of carboxylates may play an important role in plant–soil–microbe interactions for P acquisition, underlining their likely role in shaping microbial communities. Incorporating these interactions in biogeochemical models would lead to better predicting power and understanding of P cycling and ecosystem functioning. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Contrasting communities of arbuscule-forming root symbionts change external critical phosphorus requirements of some annual pasture legumes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.APSOIL.2018.01.009

Tight control of sulfur assimilation

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-06-2017

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.14640

Abstract: Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) has evolved in extremely phosphorus (P)‐impoverished habitats. Unlike species that evolved in P‐richer environments, it tightly controls its nitrogen (N) acquisition, matching its low protein concentration, and thus limiting its P requirement for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Protein is a major sink for sulfur (S), but the link between low protein concentrations and S metabolism in H. prostrata is unknown, although this is pivotal for understanding this species’ supreme adaptation to P‐impoverished soils. Plants were grown at different sulfate supplies for 5 wk and used for nutrient and metabolite analyses. Total S content in H. prostrata was unchanged with increasing S supply, in sharp contrast with species that typically evolved in environments where P is not a major limiting nutrient. Unlike H. prostrata , other plants typically store excess available sulfate in vacuoles. Like other species, S‐starved H. prostrata accumulated arginine, lysine and O‐acetylserine, indicating S deficiency. Hakea prostrata tightly controls its S acquisition to match its low protein concentration and low demand for rRNA , and thus P, the largest organic P pool in leaves. We conclude that the tight control of S acquisition, like that of N, helps H. prostrata to survive in P‐impoverished environments.

Respiratory energy requirements and rate of protein turnover in vivo determined by the use of an inhibitor of protein synthesis and a probe to assess its effect

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-1994

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1994.TB03027.X

Aerenchyma formation and radial O₂ loss along adventitious roots of wheat with only the apical root portion exposed to O₂ deficiency

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-09-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3040.2003.01089.X

Effects of applied gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol on leaf expansion and biomass allocation in two Aegilops species with contrasting leaf elongation rates

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-08-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.2004.00383.X

Phosphorus toxicity, not deficiency, explains the calcifuge habit of phosphorus‐efficient Proteaceae

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-03-2021

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13384

Abstract: The calcifuge habit of plants is commonly explained in terms of high soil pH and its effects on nutrient availability, particularly that of phosphorus (P). However, most Proteaceae that occur on nutrient‐impoverished soils in south‐western Australia are calcifuge, despite their ability to produce cluster‐roots, which effectively mobilize soil P and micronutrients. We hypothesize that the mechanism explaining the calcifuge habit in Proteaceae is their sensitivity to P and calcium (Ca), and that soil‐indifferent species are less sensitive to the interaction of these nutrients. In this study, we analyzed growth, gas‐exchange rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence of two soil‐indifferent and four calcifuge Hakea and Banksia (Proteaceae) species from south‐western Australia, across a range of P and Ca concentrations in hydroponic solution. We observed Ca‐enhanced P toxicity in all analyzed species, but to different extents depending on distribution type and genus. Increasing P supply enhanced plant growth, leaf biomass, and photosynthetic rates of soil‐indifferent species in a pattern largely independent of Ca supply. In contrast, positive physiological responses to increasing [P] in calcifuges were either absent or limited to low Ca supply, indicating that calcifuges were far more sensitive to Ca‐enhanced P toxicity. In calcifuge Hakeas , we attributed this to higher leaf [P], and in calcifuge Banksias to lower leaf zinc concentration. These differences help to explain these species' contrasting sensitivity to Ca‐enhanced P toxicity and account for the exclusion of most Proteaceae from calcareous habitats. We surmise that Ca‐enhanced P toxicity is a major factor explaining the calcifuge habit of Proteaceae, and, possibly, other P‐sensitive plants.

Introduction, Dryland Salinity: A Key Environmental Issue in Southern Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2003

DOI: 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000003909.80658.D8

On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8

Impact of phosphorus mineral source (Al–P or Fe–P) and pH on cluster-root formation and carboxylate exudation in Lupinus albus L.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-01-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-007-9535-7

Plant-microbe-soil interactions in the rhizosphere: an evolutionary perspective

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-06-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-009-0042-X

Trade-offs and synergies of plant traits co-drive efficient nitrogen use in intercropping systems

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.FCR.2023.109093

Identifying limitations for invasion: the effect of phosphorus availability on the growth of the non-native tree, Tipuana tipu

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 09-05-2023

DOI: 10.1071/BT22061

Changes in belowground biodiversity during ecosystem development

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Date: 15-03-2019

DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1818400116

Abstract: Belowground organisms play critical roles in maintaining multiple ecosystem processes, including plant productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Despite their importance, however, we have a limited understanding of how and why belowground bio ersity (bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates) may change as soils develop over centuries to millennia (pedogenesis). Moreover, it is unclear whether belowground bio ersity changes during pedogenesis are similar to the patterns observed for aboveground plant ersity. Here we evaluated the roles of resource availability, nutrient stoichiometry, and soil abiotic factors in driving belowground bio ersity across 16 soil chronosequences (from centuries to millennia) spanning a wide range of globally distributed ecosystem types. Changes in belowground bio ersity during pedogenesis followed two main patterns. In lower-productivity ecosystems (i.e., drier and colder), increases in belowground bio ersity tracked increases in plant cover. In more productive ecosystems (i.e., wetter and warmer), increased acidification during pedogenesis was associated with declines in belowground bio ersity. Changes in the ersity of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates with pedogenesis were strongly and positively correlated worldwide, highlighting that belowground bio ersity shares similar ecological drivers as soils and ecosystems develop. In general, temporal changes in aboveground plant ersity and belowground bio ersity were not correlated, challenging the common perception that belowground bio ersity should follow similar patterns to those of plant ersity during ecosystem development. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that ecological patterns in belowground bio ersity are predictable across major globally distributed ecosystem types and suggest that shifts in plant cover and soil acidification during ecosystem development are associated with changes in belowground bio ersity over centuries to millennia.

Carbon use in root respiration as affected by elevated atmospheric O2

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-1995

DOI: 10.1007/BF00017091

Phosphorus benefits of different legume crops to subsequent wheat grown in different soils of Western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-004-2386-6

Changes in water relations for Acacia ancistrocarpa on natural and mine-rehabilitation sites in response to an experimental wetting pulse in the Great Sandy Desert

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-04-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-009-9957-5

Physiological and morphological adaptations of herbaceous perennial legumes allow differential access to sources of varyingly soluble phosphate

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-11-2015

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12297

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of three perennial legume species to access sources of varyingly soluble phosphorus (P) and their associated morphological and physiological adaptations. Two Australian native legumes with pasture potential (Cullen australasicum and Kennedia prostrata) and Medicago sativa cv. SARDI 10 were grown in sand under two P levels (6 and 40 µg P g(-1) ) supplied as Ca(H2 PO4 )2 ·H2 O (Ca-P, highly soluble, used in many fertilizers) or as one of three sparingly soluble forms: Ca10 (OH)2 (PO4 )6 (apatite-P, found in relatively young soils major constituent of rock phosphate), C6 H6 O24 P6 Na12 (inositol-P, the most common form of organic P in soil) and FePO4 (Fe-P, a poorly-available inorganic source of P). All species grew well with soluble P. When 6 µg P g(-1) was supplied as sparingly soluble P, plant dry weight (DW) and P uptake were very low for C. australasicum and M. sativa (0.1-0.4 g DW) with the exception of M. sativa supplied with apatite-P (1.5 g). In contrast, K. prostrata grew well with inositol-P (1.0 g) and Fe-P (0.7 g), and even better with apatite-P (1.7 g), similar to that with Ca-P (1.9 g). Phosphorus uptake at 6 µg P g(-1) was highly correlated with total root length, total rhizosphere carboxylate content and total rhizosphere acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) activity. These findings provide strong indications that there are opportunities to utilize local Australian legumes in low P pasture systems to access sparingly soluble soil P and increase perennial legume productivity, ersity and sustainability.

Regulation of K⁺ and NO₃⁻ fluxes in roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) after changes in light intensity

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-1995

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1995.TB02229.X

Does cluster-root activity benefit nutrient uptake and growth of co-existing species?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-08-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-013-2747-Z

Abstract: Species that inhabit phosphorus- (P) and micronutrient-impoverished soils typically have adaptations to enhance the acquisition of these nutrients, for ex le cluster roots in Proteaceae. However, there are several species co-occurring in the same environment that do not produce similar specialised roots. This study aims to investigate whether one of these species (Scholtzia involucrata) can benefit from the mobilisation of P or micronutrients by the cluster roots of co-occurring Banksia attenuata, and also to examine the response of B. attenuata to the presence of S. involucrata. We conducted a greenhouse experiment, using a replacement series design, where B. attenuata and S. involucrata shared a pot at proportions of 2:0, 1:2 and 0:4. S. involucrata plants grew more in length, were heavier and had higher manganese (Mn) concentrations in their young leaves when grown next to one in idual of B. attenuata and one in idual of S. involucrata than when grown with three conspecifics. All S. involucrata in iduals were colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and possibly Rhizoctonia. Additionally, P concentration was higher in the young leaves of B. attenuata when grown with another B. attenuata than when grown with two in iduals of S. involucrata, despite the smaller size of the S. involucrata in iduals. Our results demonstrate that intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition for S. involucrata, but not for B. attenuata. We conclude that cluster roots of B. attenuata facilitate the acquisition of nutrients by neighbouring shrubs by making P and Mn more available for their neighbours.

Plasma metabolites associated with biomarker evidence of neurodegeneration in cognitively normal older adults

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1111/JNC.15128

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that currently has no cure. Identifying biochemical changes associated with neurodegeneration prior to symptom onset, will provide insight into the biological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative processes, that may also aid in identifying potential drug targets. The current study therefore investigated associations between plasma neurofilament light chain (NF‐L), a marker of neurodegeneration, with plasma metabolites that are products of various cellular processes. Plasma NF‐L, measured by ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) technology (Quanterix) and plasma metabolites, measured by mass‐spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ® p400HR kit, BIOCRATES), were assessed in the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohort comprising 100 cognitively normal older adults. Metabolites belonging to biogenic amine (creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine ADMA, kynurenine, trans‐4‐hydroxyproline), amino acid (citrulline, proline, arginine, asparagine, phenylalanine, threonine) and acylcarnitine classes were observed to have positive correlations with plasma NF‐L, suggesting a link between neurodegeneration and biological pathways associated with neurotransmitter regulation, nitric oxide homoeostasis, inflammation and mitochondrial function. Additionally, after stratifying participants based on low/high brain amyloid‐β load (Aβ ±) assessed by positron emission tomography, while creatinine, SDMA and citrulline correlated with NF‐L in both Aβ‐ and Aβ+ groups, ADMA, proline, arginine, asparagine, phenylalanine and acylcarnitine species correlated with NF‐L only in the Aβ+ group after adjusting for confounding variables, suggesting that the association of these metabolites with neurodegeneration may be relevant to AD‐related neuropathology. Metabolites identified to be associated with plasma NF‐L may have the potential to serve as prognostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases, however, further studies are required to validate the current findings in an independent cohort, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. image

Long‐term irrigation reduces soil carbon sequestration by affecting soil microbial communities in agricultural ecosystems of northern China

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-07-2021

DOI: 10.1111/EJSS.13143

Abstract: Irrigation has become one of the main approaches to improve agricultural production in an arid area. The variation of soil moisture after irrigation has the potential to affect soil microbial community composition and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, and thus, the imbalances in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. However, the impact of long‐term irrigation on the relationships between soil microbial community and SOC sequestration in semiarid agroecosystems is still poorly understood. We took advantage of a 7‐year irrigation experiment in a winter wheat‐maize rotation system in northern China, whereby the non‐irrigation was subject to rain‐fed conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of long‐term irrigation on soil microbial communities and their linkages with soil carbon sequestration. Seven years of irrigation significantly increased soil moisture content by 39% but decreased SOC concentration of topsoil (0–20 cm) by 4.2% on average across all s ling times. The responses of soil microbial communities to irrigation were highly taxa dependent. Irrigation significantly decreased fungal biomass, fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio and Gram‐positive‐to‐Gram‐negative bacterial ratio, and did not affect the bacterial community biomass. The decreased SOC concentration under the long‐term irrigation was mainly caused by the changes in the ratio of fungi‐to‐bacteria. Our findings highlight the important role of soil fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio in mediating the response of SOC dynamics to a future drier climate in semiarid agricultural ecosystems. Irrigation influences the soil microbial community and carbon stock in semiarid agroecosystems. Long‐term irrigation decreased soil carbon content by changing the microbial community. Reduced SOC storage after irrigation was due to the decreased ratio between fungi and bacteria.

Functional significance of dauciform roots: exudation of carboxylates and acid phosphatase under phosphorus deficiency in Caustis blakei (Cyperaceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-04-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2006.01697.X

Abstract: Caustis blakei produces an intriguing morphological adaptation by inducing dauciform roots in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that these hairy, swollen lateral roots play a similar role to cluster roots in the exudation of organic chelators and ectoenzymes known to aid the chemical mobilization of sparingly available soil nutrients, such as P. Dauciform-root development and exudate composition (carboxylates and acid phosphatase activity) were analysed in C. blakei plants grown in nutrient solution under P-starved conditions. The distribution of dauciform roots in the field was determined in relation to soil profile depth and matrix. The percentage of dauciform roots of the entire root mass was greatest at the lowest P concentration ([P]) in solution, and was suppressed with increasing solution [P], while in the field dauciform roots were predominantely located in the upper soil horizons, and decreased with increasing soil depth. Citrate was the major carboxylate released in an exudative burst from mature dauciform roots, which also produced elevated levels of acid phosphatase activity. Malonate was the dominant internal carboxylate present, with the highest concentration in young dauciform roots. The high concentration of carboxylates and phosphatases released from dauciform roots, combined with their prolific distribution in the organic surface layer of nutrient-impoverished soils, provides an ecophysiological advantage for enhancing nutrient acquisition.

Evidence for a significant contribution by peroxidase-mediated O2 uptake to root respiration of Brachypodium pinnatum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-1991

DOI: 10.1007/BF00197732

Nitrogen Redistribution during Grain Growth in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1983

DOI: 10.1104/PP.71.1.7

Root respiratory characteristics associated with plant adaptation to high soil temperature for geothermal and turf-type Agrostis species

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 05-01-2006

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERJ047

Abstract: Respiration is a major avenue of carbohydrates loss. The objective of the present study was to examine root respiratory characteristics associated with root tolerance to high soil temperature for two Agrostis species: thermal Agrostis scabra, a species adapted to high-temperature soils in geothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park, and two cultivars ('L-93' and 'Penncross') of a cool-season turfgrass species, A. stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), that differ in their heat sensitivity. Roots of thermal A. scabra and both creeping bentgrass cultivars were exposed to high (37 degrees C) or low soil temperature (20 degrees C). Total root respiration rate and specific respiratory costs for maintenance and ion uptake increased with increasing soil temperatures in both species. The increases in root respiratory rate and costs for maintenance and ion uptake were less pronounced for A. scabra than for both creeping bentgrass cultivars (e.g. respiration rate increased by 50% for A. scabra upon exposure to high temperature for 28 d, as compared with 99% and 107% in 'L-93' and 'Penncross', respectively). Roots of A. scabra exhibited higher tolerance to high soil temperature than creeping bentgrass, as manifested by smaller decreases in relative growth rate, cell membrane stability, maximum root length, and nitrate uptake under high soil temperature. The results suggest that acclimation of respiratory carbon metabolism plays an important role in root survival of Agrostis species under high soil temperatures, particularly for the thermal grass adaptation to chronically high soil temperatures. The ability of roots to tolerate high soil temperatures could be related to the capacity to control respiratory rates and increase respiratory efficiency by lowering maintenance and ion uptake costs.

Editorial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1993

DOI: 10.1007/BF02185377

Biotic and abiotic plant–soil feedback depends on nitrogen‐acquisition strategy and shifts during long‐term ecosystem development

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-08-2018

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13048

Advances and Perspectives to Improve the Phosphorus Availability in Cropping Systems for Agroecological Phosphorus Management

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/BS.AGRON.2015.06.003

Enhanced Expression and Activation of the Alternative Oxidase during Infection of Arabidopsis withPseudomonas syringae pv tomato1

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 06-1999

DOI: 10.1104/PP.120.2.529

Abstract: Cyanide-resistant (“alternative”) respiration was studied in Arabidopsis during incompatible and compatible infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Total leaf respiration increased as the leaves became necrotic, as did the cyanide-resistant component that was sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid. Infiltration of leaves with an avirulent strain rapidly induced alternative oxidase (AOX) mRNA, whereas the increase was delayed in the compatible combination. The increase in mRNA correlated with the increase in AOX protein. Increased expression was confined to the infected leaves, in contrast to the pathogenesis-related protein-1, which was induced systemically. Virtually all of the AOX protein was in the reduced (high-activity) form. Using transgenic NahG and mutantnpr1-1 and etr1-1 plants, we established that the rapid induction of the AOX was associated with necrosis and that ethylene, but not salicylic acid, was required for its induction. Increased pyruvate levels in the infected leaves suggested that increased substrate levels were respired through the alternative pathway however, in the control leaves and the infected leaves, respiration was not inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid alone. Increased respiration appeared to be associated primarily with symptom expression rather than resistance reactions.

Phosphorus nutrition of Australian Proteaceae and Cyperaceae: A strategy on old landscapes with prolonged oceanically buffered climates

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.SAJB.2007.02.005

Root and leaf attributes accounting for the performance of fast- and slow-growing grasses at different nutrient supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-1995

DOI: 10.1007/BF00010478

Plants in constrained canopy micro-swards compensate for decreased root biomass and soil exploration with increased amounts of rhizosphere carboxylates

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1071/FP16398

Abstract: Root traits related to phosphorus (P) acquisition are used to make inferences about a species’ P-foraging ability under glasshouse conditions. However, the effect on such root traits of constrained canopy spread, as occurs in dense pasture swards, is unknown. We grew micro-swards of Trifolium subterraneum L. and Ornithopus compressus L. at 15 and 60 mg kg–1 soil P in a glasshouse. Shoots either spread beyond the pot perimeter or were constrained by a cylindrical sleeve adjusted to canopy height. After 8 weeks, shoot and root dry mass (DM), shoot tissue P concentration, rhizosphere carboxylates, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonisation, total and specific root length (TRL and SRL respectively), average root diameter (ARD) and average root hair length (ARHL) were measured. In all species and treatments, constrained canopy spread decreased root DM (39–59%), TRL (27–45%) and shoot DM (10–28%), and increased SRL (20–33%), but did not affect ARD, ARHL and AM fungal colonisation. However, shoot P concentration and content increased, and rhizosphere carboxylates increased 3.5 to 12-fold per unit RL and 2.0- to 6.5-fold per micro-sward. Greater amounts of rhizosphere carboxylates when canopy spread was constrained appeared to compensate for reduced root growth enabling shoot P content to be maintained.

The Causes of Inherently Slow Growth in Alpine Plants: An Analysis Based on the Underlying Carbon Economies of Alpine and Lowland Poa Species

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 12-1996

DOI: 10.2307/2390504

Phosphate-solubilising microorganisms mainly increase plant phosphate uptake by effects of pH on root physiology

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-01-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-05240-0

Contrasting responses of root morphology and root-exuded organic acids to low phosphorus availability in three important food crops with divergent root traits

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1093/AOBPLA/PLV097

Specialized roots of Velloziaceae weather quartzite rock while mobilizing phosphorus using carboxylates

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-2019

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13324

Root morphological traits that determine phosphorus-acquisition efficiency and critical external phosphorus requirement in pasture species

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1071/FP16037

Abstract: Annual pasture legume species can vary more than 3-fold in their critical external phosphorus (P) requirement (i.e. P required for 90% of maximum yield). In this work we investigated the link between root morphology, P acquisition and critical external P requirement among pasture species. The root morphology acclimation of five annual pasture legumes and one grass species to low soil P availability was assessed in a controlled-environment study. The critical external P requirement of the species was low (Dactylis glomerata L., Ornithopus compressus L., Ornithopus sativus Brot.), intermediate (Biserrula pelecinus L., Trifolium hirtum All.) or high (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Root hair cylinder volumes (a function of root length, root hair length and average root diameter) were estimated in order to assess soil exploration and its impact on P uptake. Most species increased soil exploration in response to rates of P supply near or below their critical external P requirement. The legumes differed in how they achieved their maximum root hair cylinder volume. The main variables were high root length density, long root hairs and/or high specific root length. However, total P uptake per unit surface area of the root hair cylinder was similar for all species at rates of P supply below critical P. Species that maximised soil exploration by root morphology acclimation were able to prolong access to P in moderately P-deficient soil. However, among the species studied, it was those with an intrinsic capacity for a high root-hair-cylinder surface area (i.e. long roots and long root hairs) that achieved the lowest critical P requirement.

Manganese accumulation in leaves of Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) and the significance of cluster roots for micronutrient uptake as dependent on phosphorus supply

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-07-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.2005.00527.X

Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-04-2020

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13562

Extraradical hyphae exhibit more plastic nutrient‐acquisition strategies than roots under nitrogen enrichment in ectomycorrhiza‐dominated forests

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-06-2023

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16768

Abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) functional traits related to nutrient acquisition are impacted by nitrogen (N) deposition. However, less is known about whether these nutrient‐acquisition traits associated with roots and hyphae differentially respond to increased N deposition in ECM‐dominated forests with different initial N status. We conducted a chronic N addition experiment (25 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) in two ECM‐dominated forests with contrasting initial N status, that is, a Pinus armandii forest (with relatively low N availability) and a Picea asperata forest (with relatively high N availability), to assess nutrient‐mining and nutrient‐foraging strategies associated with roots and hyphae under N addition. We show that nutrient‐acquisition strategies of roots and hyphae differently respond to increased N addition. Root nutrient‐acquisition strategies showed a consistent response to N addition, regardless of initial forest nutrient status, shifting from organic N mining toward inorganic N foraging. In contrast, the hyphal nutrient‐acquisition strategy showed erse responses to N addition depending on initial forest N status. In the Pinus armandii forest, trees increased belowground carbon (C) allocation to ECM fungi thus enhancing hyphal N‐mining capacity under increased N availability. By comparison, in the Picea asperata forest, ECM fungi enhanced both capacities of P foraging and P mining in response to N‐induced P limitation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ECM fungal hyphae exhibit greater plasticity in nutrient‐mining and nutrient‐foraging strategies than roots do in response to changes of nutrient status induced by N deposition. This study highlights the importance of ECM associations in tree acclimation and forest function stability under changing environments.

Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in Euplassa cantareirae (Proteaceae) from a neotropical biodiversity hotspot

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-08-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-015-2630-2

Root Physiology

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4099-7

Understanding the long-term impact of prescribed burning in mediterranean-climate biodiversity hotspots, with a focus on south-western Australia

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1071/WF18067

Abstract: Wildfires are expected to increase worldwide both in frequency and intensity owing to global warming, but are likely to vary geographically. This is of particular concern in the five mediterranean regions of the world that are all bio ersity hotspots with extraordinary plant and animal ersity that may be impacted by deliberately imposed fire. Wildland managers attempt to reduce the impact and mitigate the outcomes of wildfires on human assets and bio ersity by the use of prescribed burning. The response that we must ‘fight fire with fire’ is understandable, perceived as reducing the flammability of wildlands in fire-prone regions and lessening the impact of wildfires. The long-term impact on bio ersity is, however, less clear. The practice of prescribed burning has been in place and monitored in south-western Australia for 50 years, longer and more intensively than in most other mediterranean ecosystems. The present target is for 200 000 ha burned each year in this bio ersity hotspot. Published studies on the impact of this burning on infrastructure protection and on bio ersity are here used to understand the protective capacity of the practice and to foreshadow its possible long-term ecological impact across all mediterranean ecosystems.

Response to Zhong and Zhou: P-acquisition strategies and total soil C sequestration

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2021.10.013

Root morphology, root-hair development and rhizosheath formation on perennial grass seedlings is influenced by soil acidity

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-05-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-010-0433-Z

Modelling of the responses to nitrogen availability of two Plantago species grown at a range of exponential nutrient addition rates

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-1988

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.1988.TB01908.X

Incorporation of dolomite reduces iron toxicity, enhances growth and yield, and improves phosphorus and potassium nutrition in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-08-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-016-3012-0

GROWTH COMPARISONS OF A SUPERNODULATING SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) MUTANT AND ITS WILD-TYPE PARENT

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-1986

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1986.TB03368.X

Trait convergence in photosynthetic nutrient-use efficiency along a 2-million year dune chronosequence in a global biodiversity hotspot

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-03-2019

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13158

Ecophysiology of Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla in decline in an urban parkland

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-07-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-9993.2009.01950.X

Physiological and ecological significance of biomineralization in plants

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2013.11.002

Abstract: Biomineralization is widespread in the plant kingdom. The most common types of biominerals in plants are calcium oxalate crystals, calcium carbonate, and silica. Functions of biominerals may depend on their shape, size, abundance, placement, and chemical composition. In this review we highlight advances in understanding physiological and ecological significance of biomineralization in plants. We focus on the functions of biomineralization in regulating cytoplasmic free calcium levels, detoxifying aluminum and heavy metals, light gathering and scattering to optimize photosynthesis, aiding in pollen release, germination, and tube growth, the roles it plays in herbivore deterrence, biogeochemical cycling of carbon, calcium, and silicon, and sequestering atmospheric CO2.

The role of microbes in the increase of organic phosphorus availability in the rhizosheath of cover crops

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-03-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05340-5

Abstract: The characterisation of plant-available phosphorus (P) pools and the assessment of the microbial community in the rhizosheath of cover crops can improve our understanding of plant–microbe interactions and P availability. Mustard ( Sinapis alba ), phacelia ( Phacelia tanacetifolia ) and buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) were grown as cover crops before soybean ( Glycine max ) in an on-farm experiment on a soil low in available P in southwest Germany. The cycling of P through the cover crop biomass and the enzyme-availability of organic P (P org ) pools in the cover crop rhizosheath were characterised. The soil microbial community (PLFA), activity (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase, as well as phosphodiesterase), and microbial P were assessed. The abundance of 16S-rRNA and phoD , coding for alkaline phosphomonoesterase in bacteria, were quantified using real-time qPCR. Mustard contained the greatest amount of P in its large biomass. In the rhizosheath of all cover crops, the concentration of enzyme-labile P org was higher than that in the control bulk soil, along with substantial increases of microbial abundance and activity. There were little differences among cover crop species, few changes in the bulk soil and only a limited carryover effect to soybean, except for fungi. Turnover of microbial biomass, especially saprotrophic fungi, increased by rhizodeposition of cover crop roots this was likely responsible for the observed increases in enzyme-available P org . Microbial function was correlated linearly with microbial biomass, and the data of enzyme activity and phoD did not suggest a difference of their specific activity between bulk and rhizosheath soil.

Respiration of Senecio Shoots: Inhibition during Photosynthesis, Resistance to Cyanide and Relation to Growth and Maintenance

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-1979

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1979.TB02595.X

Effects of water stress on respiration in soybean leaves

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 26-08-2005

DOI: 10.1104/PP.105.065565

Abstract: The effect of water stress on respiration and mitochondrial electron transport has been studied in soybean (Glycine max) leaves, using the oxygen-isotope-fractionation technique. Treatments with three levels of water stress were applied by irrigation to replace 100%, 50%, and 0% of daily water use by transpiration. The levels of water stress were characterized in terms of light-saturated stomatal conductance (gs): well irrigated (gs & 0.2 mol H2O m−2 s−1), mildly water stressed (gs between 0.1 and 0.2 mol H2O m−2 s−1), and severely water stressed (gs & 0.1 mol H2O m−2 s−1). Although net photosynthesis decreased by 40% and 70% under mild and severe water stress, respectively, the total respiratory oxygen uptake (Vt) was not significantly different at any water-stress level. However, severe water stress caused a significant shift of electrons from the cytochrome to the alternative pathway. The electron partitioning through the alternative pathway increased from 10% to 12% under well-watered or mild water-stress conditions to near 40% under severe water stress. Consequently, the calculated rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis decreased by 32% under severe water stress. Unlike many other stresses, water stress did not affect the levels of mitochondrial alternative oxidase protein. This suggests a biochemical regulation (other than protein synthesis) that causes this mitochondrial electron shift.

Genetic and Physiological Architecture of Early Vigor in Aegilops tauschii, the D-Genome Donor of Hexaploid Wheat. A Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 23-09-2005

DOI: 10.1104/PP.105.063263

Abstract: Plant growth can be studied at different organizational levels, varying from cell, leaf, and shoot to the whole plant. The early growth of seedlings is important for the plant's establishment and its eventual success. Wheat (Triticum aestivum, genome AABBDD) seedlings exhibit a low early growth rate or early vigor. The germplasm of wheat is limited. Wild relatives constitute a source of genetic variation. We explored the physiological and genetic relationships among a range of early vigor traits in Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor. A genetic map was constructed with lified fragment-length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed on the F4 population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between contrasting accessions. The genetic map consisted of 10 linkage groups, which were assigned to the seven chromosomes and covered 68% of the D genome. QTL analysis revealed 87 mapped QTLs (log of the odds & .65) in clusters, 3.1 QTLs per trait, explaining 32% of the phenotypic variance. Chromosomes 1D, 4D, and 7D harbored QTLs for relative growth rate, biomass allocation, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and unit leaf rate. Chromosome 2D covered QTLs for rate and duration of leaf elongation, cell production rate, and cell length. Chromosome 5D harbored QTLs for the total leaf mass and area and growth rate of the number of leaves and tillers. The results show that several physiological correlations between growth traits have a genetic basis. Genetic links between traits are not absolute, opening perspectives for identification of favorable alleles in A. tauschii to improve early vigor in wheat.

Morphological and physiological traits of dominant plant species in response to mowing in a temperate steppe

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-05-2023

DOI: 10.1002/EAP.2863

Abstract: Mowing is common grassland management to feed livestock during winter by harvesting hay in many high‐latitude regions in autumn. The trait‐based approach has been used to explain the responses of the plant community to disturbance resulting from environmental changes and human activities. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms underlying the responses of grassland ecosystems to mowing from the perspective of plant traits. Here, we investigated the effects of mowing on the plant community of a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia of northern China by field experiments to dissect the trade‐off between morphological and physiological traits in response to short‐term (4 years) and long‐term (16 years) mowing. Specifically, we evaluated the two strategies associated with the nutrient acquisition of two dominant species in response to mowing by measuring leaf and root morphological traits and physiological traits of root carboxylate exudation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and soil microbial community. We found that long‐term mowing, but not short‐term mowing, led to an increase in species richness. In addition, mowing decreased the overall plant biomass of the grassland community, but enhanced and suppressed the growth of forbs and grasses, respectively. However, the ratio of forbs to grasses in the community was dependent on mowing duration, such that forbs became more dominant than the grasses under long‐term mowing. Our results revealed that short‐term mowing reduced soil microbial bio ersity and root colonization of AMF in the grass Stipa krylovii , while the root AMF colonization and carboxylate exudation in the forb Artemisia frigida were enhanced by short‐term mowing . In long‐term mowing, the functional traits associated with leaf resource conservation (i.e., leaf tissue density) and root resource acquisition were reduced in the grass, while the functional traits related to leaf resource acquisition and root resource conservation were increased in the forb, highlighting the species specificity and ergence in leaf and root traits in the grass and forb of temperate steppe in response to mowing. These novel findings demonstrate that physiological and morphological strategies are the main drivers for dominant species in response to mowing in temperate grasslands.

Genome assembly of the pioneer species Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) provides insight into its global distribution and adaptation to metal-contaminated soil

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 25-05-2023

DOI: 10.1093/DNARES/DSAD013

Abstract: Plantago is a major genus belonging to the Plantaginaceae family and is used in herbal medicine, functional food, and pastures. Several Plantago species are also characterized by their global distribution, but the mechanism underpinning this is not known. Here, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of Plantago major L., a species of Plantago, by incorporating Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The genome assembly size was approximately 671.27 Mb with a contig N50 length of 31.30 Mb. 31,654 protein-coding genes were identified from the genome. Evolutionary analysis showed that P. major erged from other Lamiales species at ~62.18 Mya and experienced two rounds of WGD events. Notably, many gene families related to plant acclimation and adaptation expanded. We also found that many polyphenol biosynthesis genes showed high expression patterns in roots. Some amino acid biosynthesis genes, such as those involved in histidine synthesis, were highly induced under metal (Ni) stress that led to the accumulation of corresponding metabolites. These results suggest persuasive arguments for the global distribution of P. major through multiscale analysis. Decoding the P. major genome provides a valuable genomic resource for research on dissecting biological function, molecular evolution, taxonomy, and breeding.

Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialization among rock‐ and soil‐dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-12-2019

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13479

Evidence for Optimal Partitioning of Biomass and Nitrogen at a Range of Nitrogen Availabilities for a Fast- and Slow-Growing Species

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 1993

DOI: 10.2307/2389868

In Memoriam David Thomas Clarkson (1938-2021)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-02-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-05275-3

Rhizosphere Carboxylate Concentrations of Chickpea are Affected by Soil Bulk Density

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2006

DOI: 10.1055/S-2006-923858

Abstract: We investigated whether carboxylate exudation by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was affected by soil bulk density and if this effect was local or systemic. We hypothesised that concentrations of carboxylates would increase with distance from the root apex due to continuous and constitutive accumulation of carboxylates, and that exudate accumulation would be greater in a compacted soil than in a loose soil. Plants were grown in split-root or single cylinders containing loose (1400 kg m (-3)) or compacted (1800 kg m (-3)) soil. Rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations were measured of whole root systems as well as of sections along the root. The root diameter was greatest of plants grown in the compacted soil however, root diameters were the same for both root halves in the split-root design, whether they grew in loose soil or in compacted soil. Similarly, carboxylate concentrations tended to be lower for the whole root system in the compacted soil, but were the same for both root halves in the split-root design, irrespective of whether the roots were in loose soil or in compacted soil. These results indicate that both root diameter and carboxylate exudation by roots in chickpea is regulated systemically via a signal from the shoot rather than by local signals in the roots. There was no accumulation of carboxylates with increasing distance from the apex, probably because microbial degradation occurred at similar rates as carboxylate exudation. Malonate, previously suggested as deterrent to microorganisms, is likely only a selective deterrent.

Enhanced nodulation and phosphorus acquisition from sparingly-soluble iron phosphate upon treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in chickpea

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-02-2023

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13873

Abstract: The coordination/trade‐off among below‐ground strategies for phosphorus (P) acquisition, including root morphology, carboxylate exudation and colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is not well understood. This is the first study investigating the relationships between root nodulation, morphology, carboxylates and colonisation by an indigenous community of AMF under varying P levels and source. Two chickpea genotypes with contrasting amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates were grown in pots at six P levels (from 0 to 160 μg g −1 ) as KH 2 PO 4 (KP, highly soluble) or FePO 4 (FeP, sparingly soluble), with or without AMF (±AMF) treatment. Under both FeP and KP, the presence of AMF inhibited shoot growth and shoot branching, decreased total root length and specific root length, increased mean root diameter and root tissue density and reduced carboxylates. However, the role of AMF in acquiring P differed between the two P sources, with the enhanced P acquisition under FeP while not under KP. Co‐inoculation of AMF and rhizobia enhanced nodulation under FeP, but not under KP. Our results suggest that the effects of AMF on shoot branching were mediated by cytokinins as the reduced shoot branching in FeP40 and KP40 under +AMF relative to −AMF coincided with a decreased concentration of cytokinins in xylem sap for both genotypes.

Amending aeolian sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China with Pisha sandstone and increasing phosphorus supply were more effective than increasing water supply for improving plant growth and phosp

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1071/CP20132

Abstract: Plant growth is often constrained by low availability of water and phosphorus (P) in soils in arid and semi-arid areas. Aeolian sandy soils cover & % of the sandy area of the Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in Northwest China. These soils have low water- and nutrient-retention capacity, limiting their ability to support plant growth. Pisha sandstone, a type of loose rock widely distributed in the MUSL, is regarded as an environmental hazard because it easily weathers, resulting in severe soil erosion and water loss. However, the retention capacity of the aeolian sandy soil can be significantly improved through blending with Pisha sandstone. We investigated the impacts of water supply (35% and 70% of soil water-holding capacity) and P supply (0, 5 and 20 mg P kg–1 soil) on plant growth and P and nitrogen (N) nutrition by growing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in MUSL aeolian sandy soil amended or not with Pisha sandstone. Soil type and P supply had greater effects than water supply on lucerne growth and on P and N nutrition. Biomass accumulation and shoot P and N concentrations were increased by amending the aeolian sandy soil with Pisha sandstone and increasing P supply. The N:P ratios in shoots indicated that plant growth was limited by P but not by N. Aeolian sandy soil amended with Pisha sandstone and supplied with P at 5 mg kg–1 enhanced lucerne growth this practice is feasible for pasture development in the MUSL.

Growth rate, plant development and water relations of the ABA-deficient tomato mutant sitiens

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1994

DOI: 10.1034/J.1399-3054.1994.920115.X

RESPONSE OF GROWTH OF TOMATO TO PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN NUTRITION

Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)

Date: 03-2004

DOI: 10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2004.633.43

Mycorrhizal fungal biomass and scavenging declines in phosphorus-impoverished soils during ecosystem retrogression

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2015.09.021

Differentiating phosphate-dependent and phosphate-independent systemic phosphate-starvation response networks in Arabidopsis thaliana through the application of phosphite

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 19-02-2015

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERV025

Assimilation and allocation of carbon and nitrogen of thermal and nonthermal Agrostis species in response to high soil temperature

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-03-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2006.01684.X

Abstract: We studied whether changes in the assimilation and allocation of carbon and nitrogen are associated with plant tolerance to high soil temperatures. Two Agrostis species, thermal Agrostis scabra, a species adapted to high-temperature soils in geothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park (USA), and two cultivars of a cool-season species, Agrostis stolonifera, L-93 and Penncross, were exposed to soil temperatures of 37 or 20 degrees C, while shoots were exposed to 20 degrees C. Net photosynthesis rate, photochemical efficiency, NO(3) (-)-assimilation rate and root viability decreased with increasing soil temperatures in both species. However, the decreases were less pronounced for A. scabra than for both A. stolonifera cultivars. Carbon investment in growth of plants exposed to 37 degrees C decreased more dramatically in both A. stolonifera cultivars than in A. scabra. Nitrogen allocation to shoots was greater in A. scabra than in both creeping bentgrass cultivars at 37 degrees C soil temperature. Our results demonstrate that plant tolerance to high soil temperature is related to efficient expenditure and adjustment of C- and N-allocation patterns between growth and respiration.

Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-08-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-11472-7

Abstract: Identifying the global drivers of soil priming is essential to understanding C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We conducted a survey of soils across 86 globally-distributed locations, spanning a wide range of climates, biotic communities, and soil conditions, and evaluated the apparent soil priming effect using 13 C-glucose labeling. Here we show that the magnitude of the positive apparent priming effect (increase in CO 2 release through accelerated microbial biomass turnover) was negatively associated with SOC content and microbial respiration rates. Our statistical modeling suggests that apparent priming effects tend to be negative in more mesic sites associated with higher SOC contents. In contrast, a single-input of labile C causes positive apparent priming effects in more arid locations with low SOC contents. Our results provide solid evidence that SOC content plays a critical role in regulating apparent priming effects, with important implications for the improvement of C cycling models under global change scenarios.

Effects of oxytetracycline on plant growth, phosphorus uptake, and carboxylates in the rhizosheath of alfalfa

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-01-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-04840-0

Editorial special issue: plant-soil interactions in the Amazon rainforest

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-020-04544-X

Why do plants silicify?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2022.11.002

Abstract: Despite seminal papers that stress the significance of silicon (Si) in plant biology and ecology, most studies focus on manipulations of Si supply and mitigation of stresses. The ecological significance of Si varies with different levels of biological organization, and remains hard to capture. We show that the costs of Si accumulation are greater than is currently acknowledged, and discuss potential links between Si and fitness components (growth, survival, reproduction), environment, and ecosystem functioning. We suggest that Si is more important in trait-based ecology than is currently recognized. Si potentially plays a significant role in many aspects of plant ecology, but knowledge gaps prevent us from understanding its possible contribution to the success of some clades and the expansion of specific biomes.

Relatively large nitrate efflux can account for the high specific respiratory costs for nitrate transport in slow-growing grass species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1999

DOI: 10.1023/A:1004559628401

Increase in leaf organic acids to enhance adaptability of dominant plant species in karst habitats

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-06-2021

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.7832

Abstract: Estimation of leaf nutrient composition of dominant plant species from contrasting habitats (i.e., karst and nonkarst forests) provides an opportunity to understand how plants are adapted to karst habitats from the perspective of leaf traits. Here, we measured leaf traits—specific leaf area (SLA), concentrations of total carbon ([TC]), nitrogen ([TN]), phosphorus ([TP]), calcium ([Ca]), magnesium ([Mg]), manganese ([Mn]), minerals ([Min]), soluble sugars, soluble phenolics, lipids, and organic acids ([OA])—and calculated water‐use efficiency (WUE), construction costs (CC), and N/P ratios, and searched for correlations between these traits of 18 abundant plant species in karst and nonkarst forests in southwestern China. Variation in leaf traits within and across the abundant species was both ergent and convergent. Leaf [TC], [Ca], [Min], [OA], and CC were habitat‐dependent, while the others were not habitat‐ but species‐specific. The correlations among [TN], [TP], SLA, [TC], CC, [Min], WUE, [OA], and CC were habitat‐independent, and inherently associated with plant growth and carbon allocation those between [CC] and [Lip], between [Ca] and [Mg], and between [Mg] and [WUE] were habitat‐dependent. Habitat significantly affected leaf [Ca] and thus indirectly affected leaf [OA], [Min], and CC. Our results indicate that plants may regulate leaf [Ca] to moderate levels via adjusting leaf [OA] under both high and low soil Ca availability, and offer new insights into the abundance of common plant species in contrasting habitats.

Convergence of a specialized root trait in plants from nutrient-impoverished soils: phosphorus-acquisition strategy in a nonmycorrhizal cactus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-08-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-014-3033-4

Abstract: In old, phosphorus (P)-impoverished habitats, root specializations such as cluster roots efficiently mobilize and acquire P by releasing large amounts of carboxylates in the rhizosphere. These specialized roots are rarely mycorrhizal. We investigated whether Discocactus placentiformis (Cactaceae), a common species in nutrient-poor c os rupestres over white sands, operates in the same way as other root specializations. Discocactus placentiformis showed no mycorrhizal colonization, but exhibited a sand-binding root specialization with rhizosheath formation. We first provide circumstantial evidence for carboxylate exudation in field material, based on its very high shoot manganese (Mn) concentrations, and then firm evidence, based on exudate analysis. We identified predominantly oxalic acid, but also malic, citric, lactic, succinic, fumaric, and malonic acids. When grown in nutrient solution with P concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μM, we observed an increase in total carboxylate exudation with decreasing P supply, showing that P deficiency stimulated carboxylate release. Additionally, we tested P solubilization by citric, malic and oxalic acids, and found that they solubilized P from the strongly P-sorbing soil in its native habitat, when the acids were added in combination and in relatively low concentrations. We conclude that the sand-binding root specialization in this nonmycorrhizal cactus functions similar to that of cluster roots, which efficiently enhance P acquisition in other habitats with very low P availability.

Chickpea and white lupin rhizosphere carboxylates vary with soil properties and enhance phosphorus uptake

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1023/A:1022367312851

Adding intercropped maize and faba bean root residues increases phosphorus bioavailability in a calcareous soil due to organic phosphorus mineralization

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-01-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05309-4

Do arbuscular mycorrhizas or heterotrophic soil microbes contribute toward plant acquisition of a pulse of mineral phosphate?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-07-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-013-1838-2

Ontogenetic shifts in plant ecological strategies

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-10-2018

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13221

Traits related to efficient acquisition and use of phosphorus promote diversification in Proteaceae in phosphorus‐impoverished landscapes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-03-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-04886-0

Critical phosphorus requirements of Trifolium species: The importance of root morphology and root acclimation in response to phosphorus stress

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-07-2021

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13500

Abstract: Differences in root morphology and acclimation to low‐phosphorus (P) soil were examined among eight legume species from the Trifolium Section Tricocephalum to understand how these root attributes determine P acquisition. Ornithopus sativus was included as a highly P‐efficient benchmark species. Plants were grown as microswards in pots with five rates of P supplied in a topsoil layer to mimic uneven P distribution within a field soil profile. Topsoil and subsoil roots were harvested separately to enable measurement of the nutrient‐foraging responses. Critical P requirement (lowest P supply for maximum yield) varied over a threefold range, reflecting differences in root morphology and acclimation of nutrient‐foraging roots to P stress. Among the species, there was a 3.2‐fold range in root length density, a 1.7‐fold range in specific root length, and a 2.1‐fold range in root hair length. O . sativus had the lowest critical P requirement, displayed a high root length density, the highest specific root length, and the longest root hairs. Acquisition of P from P‐deficient soil was facilitated by development of a large root hair cylinder (i.e. a large root–soil interface). This, in turn, was determined by the intrinsic root morphology attributes of each genotype, and the plasticity of its root morphology response to internal P stress. Root acclimation in low‐P soil by all species was mostly associated with preferential allocation of mass to nutrient‐foraging roots. Only O . sativus and four of the Trifolium species adjusted specific root length beneficially, and only O . sativus increased its root hair length in low‐P soil.

Root Structure and Functioning for Efficient Acquisition of Phosphorus: Matching Morphological and Physiological Traits

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 12-06-2006

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCL114

Plants sustain the terrestrial silicon cycle during ecosystem retrogression

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 04-09-2020

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABC0393

Abstract: Silicon is an important element in plant tissues and contributes to structural defenses against herbivores and other stresses. However, the terrestrial biogeochemical cycling of silicon is poorly understood, particularly the relative importance of geochemical and biological mechanisms in its regulation. de Tombeur et al. studied this question in 2-million-year chronosequences of soil and vegetation in Western Australia. Sites became progressively more weathered and infertile as they aged, indicating that the silicon cycle shifts from geochemical to biological control as the ecosystem develops (see the Perspective by Carey). They found that foliar silicon concentrations increase continuously during ecosystem development, even though rock-derived silicon is depleted in the older soils. By contrast, other major rock-derived nutrients showed decreasing concentrations in plants. Hence, biological silicon cycling allows plants to maintain concentrations even under conditions of extreme soil infertility. Science , this issue p. 1245 see also p. 1161

Plant construction cost in the boreal species differing in their ecological strategies

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1023/A:1009002715572

Using research networks to create the comprehensive datasets needed to assess nutrient availability as a key determinant of terrestrial carbon cycling

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 07-12-2018

DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/AAEAE7

Silicon mobilisation by root-released carboxylates

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2021.07.003

Abstract: Plants have evolved numerous strategies to acquire poorly available nutrients from soil, including the release of carboxylates from their roots. Silicon (Si) release from mineral dissolution increases in the presence of chelating substances, and recent evidence shows that leaf [Si] increases markedly in old phosphorus (P)-depleted soils, where many species exhibit carboxylate-releasing strategies, compared with younger P-richer soils. Here, we propose that root-released carboxylates, and more generally rhizosphere processes, play an overlooked role in plant Si accumulation by increasing soil Si mobilisation from minerals. We suggest that Si mobilisation is costly in terms of carbon but becomes cheaper if those costs are already met to acquire poorly available P. Uptake of the mobilised Si by roots will then depend on whether they express Si transporters.

Changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition and declining diversity along a 2-million-year soil chronosequence

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-08-2016

DOI: 10.1111/MEC.13778

Abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities covary with host plant communities along soil fertility gradients, yet it is unclear whether this reflects changes in host composition, fungal edaphic specialization or priority effects during fungal community establishment. We grew two co-occurring ECM plant species (to control for host identity) in soils collected along a 2-million-year chronosequence representing a strong soil fertility gradient and used soil manipulations to disentangle the effects of edaphic properties from those due to fungal inoculum. Ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition changed and richness declined with increasing soil age these changes were linked to pedogenesis-driven shifts in edaphic properties, particularly pH and resin-exchangeable and organic phosphorus. However, when differences in inoculum potential or soil abiotic properties among soil ages were removed while host identity was held constant, differences in ECM fungal communities and richness among chronosequence stages disappeared. Our results show that ECM fungal communities strongly vary during long-term ecosystem development, even within the same hosts. However, these changes could not be attributed to short-term fungal edaphic specialization or differences in fungal inoculum (i.e. density and composition) alone. Rather, they must reflect longer-term ecosystem-level feedback between soil, vegetation and ECM fungi during pedogenesis.

A survey of leaf phosphorus fractions and leaf economic traits among 12 co-occurring woody species on phosphorus-impoverished soils

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-04-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06001-X

Abstract: The leaf economic spectrum (LES) is related to dry mass and nutrient investments towards photosynthetic processes and leaf structures, and to the duration of returns on those investments (leaf lifespan, LL). Phosphorus (P) is a key limiting nutrient for plant growth, yet it is unclear how the allocation of leaf P among different functions is coordinated with the LES. We addressed this question among 12 evergreen woody species co-occurring on P-impoverished soils in south-eastern Australia. Leaf ‘economic’ traits, including LL, leaf mass per area (LMA), light-saturated net photosynthetic rate per mass (A mass ), dark respiration rate, P concentration ([P total ]), nitrogen concentration, and P resorption, were measured for three pioneer and nine non-pioneer species. Leaf P was separated into five functional fractions: orthophosphate P (P i ), metabolite P (P M ), nucleic acid P (P N ), lipid P (P L ), and residual P (P R phosphorylated proteins and unidentified compounds that contain P). LL was negatively correlated with A mass and positively correlated with LMA, representing the LES. Pioneers occurred towards the short-LL end of the spectrum and exhibited higher [P total ] than non-pioneer species, primarily associated with higher concentrations of P i , P N and P L . There were no significant correlations between leaf P fractions and LL or LMA, while A mass was positively correlated with the concentration of P R . Allocation of leaf P to different fractions varied substantially among species. This variation was partially associated with the LES, which may provide a mechanism underlying co-occurrence of species with different ecological strategies under P limitation.

Addition of nitrogen to canopy versus understorey has different effects on leaf traits of understorey plants in a subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-09-2020

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13496

Partitioning of nitrogen and biomass at a range of N‐addition rates and their consequences for growth and gas exchange in two perennial grasses from inland dunes

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1992

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1992.TB01324.X

Root Respiration and Growth in Plantago major as Affected by Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Infection

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 09-1989

DOI: 10.1104/PP.91.1.227

Nitrogen and phosphorus addition exerted different influences on litter and soil carbon release in a tropical forest

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.155049

Abstract: Terrestrial soils release large amount of carbon dioxide (CO

Corrigendum

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-04-2022

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.18126

Plant-soil interactions in global biodiversity hotspots

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-05-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-016-2919-9

Response of foliar mineral nutrients to long‐term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a tropical forest

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-09-2021

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13896

Abstract: Mineral nutrients play a pivotal role in plant growth, development and reproduction. The uptake and distribution of nutrients are generally limited by soil nutrient availability, affected by global change. However, the responses of foliar mineral nutrient concentrations to changes in soil nutrient availability remain largely untested in tropical forests. We used a field‐based experiment with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition in a tropical forest in southern China to investigate the effect of N and P fertilization on exchangeable soil and foliar mineral nutrients of five understorey species. Our results show that N addition did not change soil pH, but reduced exchangeable soil Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ concentrations. In contrast, P addition increased soil pH, while it had no effects on exchangeable cations. Nitrogen addition significantly decreased foliar [Ca], [Mg] and [Mn], while P addition markedly reduced foliar [Cu] for most of the studied species. Foliar [K] and [Fe] were not affected by fertilization. The results indicate that long‐term N addition reduced the concentrations of several mineral nutrients in leaves, and we did not observe any adaptive mechanisms (e.g. increased transpiration to take up mobile soil nutrients) in the studied species to maintain foliar nutrient concentrations at high N supply. Synthesis . The responses of other foliar nutrient concentrations to N and P co‐addition were more complicated than those of N and/or P, and the specific decreases in mineral nutrient concentrations following long‐term N addition may influence key physiological process in the studied tropical understorey species, and ultimately reduce their fitness and survival under high N deposition. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Peppermint trees shift their phosphorus-acquisition strategy along a strong gradient of plant-available phosphorus by increasing their transpiration at very low phosphorus availability

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-09-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-017-3961-X

Abstract: Some plant species use different strategies to acquire phosphorus (P) dependent on environmental conditions, but studies investigating the relative significance of P-acquisition strategies with changing P availability are rare. We combined a natural P availability gradient and a glasshouse study with 10 levels of P supplies to investigate the roles of rhizosphere carboxylates and transpiration-driven mass flow in P acquisition by Agonis flexuosa. Leaf P concentrations of A. flexuosa decreased and leaf manganese (Mn) concentrations increased with decreasing soil P concentration along a dune chronosequence. In the glasshouse, in response to decreasing P supply, shoot growth and root length decreased, leaf P and Mn concentrations decreased, rhizosphere carboxylates decreased, transpiration rate and transpiration ratio increased and the percentage of root length colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was unchanged. Although it was proved leaf Mn concentration was a good proxy for rhizosphere carboxylate amounts in the glasshouse study, the enhanced plant P acquisition at low P supply was related to transpiration-induced mass flow rather than carboxylates. We deduced that the higher leaf Mn concentrations in low soil P availability of the field were likely a result of increased mass flow. In summary, as soil P availability declined, A. flexuosa can shift its P-acquisition strategy away from a mycorrhizal mode towards one involving increased mass flow.

Differences in foliar phosphorus fractions, rather than in cell-specific phosphorus allocation, underlie contrasting photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency among chickpea genotypes

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 28-12-2023

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERAC519

Abstract: Although significant intraspecific variation in photosynthetic phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PPUE) has been shown in numerous species, we still know little about the biochemical basis for differences in PPUE among genotypes within a species. Here, we grew two high PPUE and two low PPUE chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with low P supply in a glasshouse to compare their photosynthesis-related traits, total foliar P concentration ([P]) and chemical P fractions (i.e. inorganic P (Pi), metabolite P, lipid P, nucleic acid P, and residual P). Foliar cell-specific nutrient concentrations including P were characterized using elemental X-ray microanalysis. Genotypes with high PPUE showed lower total foliar [P] without slower photosynthetic rates. No consistent differences in cellular [P] between the epidermis and mesophyll cells occurred across the four genotypes. In contrast, high PPUE was associated with lower allocation to Pi and metabolite P, with PPUE being negatively correlated with the percentage of these two fractions. Furthermore, a lower allocation to Pi and metabolite P was correlated with a greater allocation to nucleic acid P, but not to lipid P. Collectively, our results suggest that a different allocation to foliar P fractions, rather than preferential P allocation to specific leaf tissues, underlies the contrasting PPUE among chickpea genotypes.

Growth and competitive ability of a highly plastic and a marginally plastic genotype of Plantago major in a fluctuating environment

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1986

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1986.TB02446.X

Phosphorus addition decreases microbial residual contribution to soil organic carbon pool in a tropical coastal forest

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-11-2020

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15407

Systemic suppression of cluster-root formation and net P-uptake rates in Grevillea crithmifolia at elevated P supply: a proteacean with resistance for developing symptoms of ‘P toxicity’

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 15-12-2005

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERJ004

Abstract: Grevillea crithmifolia R. Br. is a species of Proteaceae that is resistant to developing P-toxicity symptoms at phosphorus supplies in the root environment that induce P-toxicity symptoms in the closely related Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae). It was discovered previously that development of P-toxicity symptoms in H. prostrata is related to its low capacity to down-regulate net P-uptake rates (i.e. its low plasticity). The plasticity of net P-uptake rates and whole-plant growth responses in G. crithmifolia has now been assessed in two separate experiments: (i) a range of P, from 0 to 200 micromol P d-1, was supplied to whole root systems (ii) using a split-root design, one root half was supplied with 0, 3, 75, or 225 micromol P d-1, while the other root half invariably received 3 micromol P d-1. Fresh mass was significantly greater in G. crithmifolia plants that had received a greater daily P supply during the pretreatments, but symptoms of P toxicity were never observed. Cluster-root growth decreased from about half the total root fresh mass when the leaf [P] was lowest (c. 0.1 mg P g-1 DM) to complete suppression of cluster-root growth when leaf [P] was 1-2 mg P g-1 DM. Split-root studies revealed that cluster-root initiation and growth, and net P-uptake rates by roots were regulated systemically, possibly by shoot P concentration. It is concluded that, in response to higher P supply, G. crithmifolia does not develop symptoms of P toxicity because of (i) greater plasticity of its net P-uptake capacity, and (ii) its greater plasticity for allocating P to growth and P storage in roots. This ecologically important difference in plasticity is most probably related to a slightly higher nutrient availability in the natural habitat of G. crithmifolia when compared with that of H. prostrata.

The effect of pH on morphological and physiological root traits of Lupinus angustifolius treated with struvite as a recycled phosphorus source

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-09-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-018-3787-2

Rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations of chickpea are affected by genotype and soil type

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2004

DOI: 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000035568.28893.F6

Rare earth elements as potential tracers of carboxylate-based plant nutrition strategies 

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 27-03-2022

DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-3674

Abstract: & & Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) are limiting nutrients in many (agro-)ecosystems. Due to P-sorption under most soil conditions, the current P-fertilization practices are inefficient, since large quantities of the P fertilizer applied remain in the soil as a residual part. Therefore, the development of sustainable agricultural practices urgently needs to improve nutrient-acquisition efficiencies of crop species through rhizosphere engineering and breeding of low-input strains. The availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere, especially that of P, is dependent on the activity of roots and associated microbes, particularly their ability to acidify the surrounding soil and release chelating compounds such as carboxylates. Therefore, there is a growing interest among plant ecologists, breeders and agronomists in & #8220 easily-measurable& #8221 tools to trace belowground functional traits in nutrient acquisition under soil conditions. Here, we explore the idea to use rare earth elements (REEs) in plant material to evaluate the nutrient-acquisition strategy, particularly under nutrient limitation. The rationale behind this hypothesis is that i) REEs are present in almost all soils at quantities similar to some plant nutrients such as Cu and Zn, ii) REEs interact with nutrient-bearing soil phases (phosphates, Fe-oxyhydroxides), iii) root exudates released under P/Fe deficiency strongly mobilize REEs in soil, and iv) the uptake of mobilized REEs in plants depends on their chemical form, which is a function of rhizosphere chemistry. & Preliminary results from greenhouse and large-scale field experiments indicate that P-inefficient species show different REE-concentrations in their leaves than P-efficient species, and that the pattern of REEs is related to the composition of root exudates. In ongoing experiments, this hypothesis will be rigorously tested by coupling a field s ling c aign of plant material from species with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies along soils with changing nutrient availability (Western Australian chronosequences) as well as controlled greenhouse experiments for mechanistic elucidation of processes involved.& &

The influence of soil age on ecosystem structure and function across biomes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-09-2020

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-18451-3

Abstract: The importance of soil age as an ecosystem driver across biomes remains largely unresolved. By combining a cross-biome global field survey, including data for 32 soil, plant, and microbial properties in 16 soil chronosequences, with a global meta-analysis, we show that soil age is a significant ecosystem driver, but only accounts for a relatively small proportion of the cross-biome variation in multiple ecosystem properties. Parent material, climate, vegetation and topography predict, collectively, 24 times more variation in ecosystem properties than soil age alone. Soil age is an important local-scale ecosystem driver however, environmental context, rather than soil age, determines the rates and trajectories of ecosystem development in structure and function across biomes. Our work provides insights into the natural history of terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that, regardless of soil age, changes in the environmental context, such as those associated with global climatic and land-use changes, will have important long-term impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems across biomes.

Phosphorus uptake by grain legumes and subsequently grown wheat at different levels of residual phosphorus fertiliser

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/AR05060

Abstract: A considerable portion of the phosphorus (P) fertilisers applied in agriculture remains in the soil as sorbed P in the forms of various P compounds, termed residual P. Certain grain legume crops may be able to mobilise residual P through root exudates, and thus increase their own growth, and potentially that of subsequent cereal crops. The first objective of this pot experiment was to compare the growth and P uptake of 3 legume crop species with that of wheat grown in a soil with different levels of residual P. Another objective was to determine whether the influence of legumes on subsequent P uptake by wheat was due to legume-induced changes in the rhizosphere, or to the presence of legume roots. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in a soil containing 25.7, 26.4, 30.8, 39.0, or 51.9 mg/kg of bicarbonate-extractable P and sufficient amounts of nitrogen to suppress nodulation and dinitrogen fixation. Differences among the species in root dry mass were much larger than those in shoot dry mass. Faba bean produced the greatest root dry mass. All the legumes exuded carboxylates from their roots, predominantly malate, at all soil P levels. Rhizosphere concentrations of carboxylates were highest for white lupin, followed by field pea and faba bean. All of the investigated legumes enhanced the growth of the subsequently grown wheat, compared with wheat grown after wheat, even at relatively high levels of soil P. The positive effect on growth was not dependent on the incorporation of the legume roots into the soil. The legumes also caused a modest increase in wheat shoot P concentrations, which were higher when roots were incorporated into the soil. Because of the increased growth and tissue P concentrations, wheat shoot P content was 30–50% higher when grown after legumes than when grown after wheat. The study concludes that the legume crops can enhance P uptake of subsequently grown wheat, even at relatively high levels of residual P.

A Physiological Analysis of Genetic Variation in Relative Growth Rate within Plantago major L.

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 1989

DOI: 10.2307/2389572

Respiratory costs and rate of protein turnover in the roots of a fast‐growing ( Dactylis glomerata L.) and a slow‐growing ( Festuca ovina L.) grass species

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 06-2000

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/51.347.1089

Growth and carbon economy of a fast-growing and a slow-growing grass species as dependent on nitrate supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-1995

DOI: 10.1007/BF00010275

Shifts in symbiotic associations in plants capable of forming multiple root symbioses across a long-term soil chronosequence

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-03-2016

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.2000

High variation in the percentage of root length colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi among 139 lines representing the species subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum )

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.APSOIL.2015.10.019

Effects of global environmental change on carbon partitioning in vegetative plants of Triticum aestivum and closely related Aegilops species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-1995

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2486.1995.TB00038.X

Do cluster roots of red alder play a role in nutrient acquisition from bedrock?

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Date: 04-06-2019

DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1905336116

The effect of handling on the yield of two populations of Lolium perenne selected for differences in mature leaf respiration rate

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-1993

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1993.TB00164.X

Phosphorus acquisition and utilisation in crop legumes under global change

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.PBI.2018.05.012

Abstract: Improving phosphorus (P)-use efficiency in legumes is a worldwide challenge in the face of an increasing world population, dwindling global rock phosphate reserves, the relatively high P demand of legumes and global change. This review focuses on P acquisition of crop legumes in response to climate change. We advocate further studies on: firstly, the response of carboxylate exudation, mycorrhizas and root morphology to climate change and their role in P acquisition as dependent on edaphic factors secondly, developing intercropping systems with a combination of a legume and another crop species to enhance P acquisition and thirdly, the impact of the interactions of the major climate change factors on P acquisition in the field.

Relative growth rate and biomass allocation in 20 Aegilops (Poaceae) species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-1998

DOI: 10.1046/J.1469-8137.1998.00286.X

Acclimation responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to sustained phosphite treatments

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-02-2013

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERT037

Advances in understanding plant root uptake of phosphorus

Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing

Date: 19-01-2021

DOI: 10.19103/AS.2020.0075.16

Abstract: At a global scale, phosphorus (P) deficiency comprises a large area of cropland, while P has also been used in excess of crop requirements in many other regions. Improved crop P-acquisition efficiency would allow lower target critical soil P values and provide savings in P-fertiliser use. At the same time, it would reduce P lost through erosion, leaching and/or soil sorption. This chapter summarises the progress in research on root traits associated with P acquisition, including root morphology, architecture, biochemistry, colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fine root endophytes, and the trade-offs among all these traits. Farming-management practices to improve P acquisition under current intensive agricultural systems are also discussed. The chapter summarises breeding progress in improving P-acquisition efficiency. In the face of soil P deficiency or legacy P globally, the chapter suggests future directions to improve P acquisition in five key areas.

Responses of foliar phosphorus fractions to soil age are diverse along a 2 Myr dune chronosequence

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-06-2019

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.15910

Abstract: Plants respond to soil phosphorus (P) availability by adjusting leaf P among inorganic P (Pi) and organic P fractions (nucleic acids, phospholipids, small metabolites and a residual fraction). We tested whether phylogenetically ergent plants in a bio ersity hotspot similarly adjust leaf P allocation in response to P limitation by s ling along a 2 Myr chronosequence in southwestern Australia where nitrogen (N) limitation transitions to P limitation with increasing soil age. Total P and N, and P allocated to five chemical fractions were determined for photosynthetic organs from Melaleuca systena (Myrtaceae), Acacia rostellifera (Fabaceae) and Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae). Soil characteristics were also determined. Acacia rostellifera maintained phyllode total P and N concentrations at c . 0.5 and 16 mg g −1 DW, respectively, with a constant P‐allocation pattern along the chronosequence. H. prostrata leaves allocated less P to Pi, phospholipids and nucleic acids with increasing soil age, while leaf N concentration was constant. M. systena had the greatest variation in allocating leaf P, whereas leaf N concentration decreased 20% along the chronosequence. Variation in P‐allocation patterns was only partially conserved among species along the chronosequence. Such variation could have an impact on species distribution and contribute to species richness in P‐limited environments.

Field benchmarking of the critical external phosphorus requirements of pasture legumes for southern Australia

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1071/CP19014

Abstract: In recent decades several pasture legumes have been available in southern Australia as potential alternatives to the most widely used annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum. Little is known about their soil phosphorus (P) requirements, but controlled environment experiments indicate that at least some may differ in their P fertiliser requirements. In this study, pasture legume varieties, including T. subterraneum as the reference species, were grown at up to four sites in any one year over a 3-year period (in total, seven site × year experiments) to measure herbage growth responses in spring to increased soil P availability. A critical soil test P concentration (corresponding to 95% maximum yield) was estimated for 15 legumes and two pasture grasses. The critical soil P requirements of most of the legumes did not differ consistently from that of T. subterraneum, indicating their soil fertility management should follow the current soil test P guidelines for temperate Australian pastures. However, the critical P requirement of Medicago sativa was higher than that of T. subterraneum, but remains ill-defined because extractable soil P concentrations in these experiments were often not high enough to permit a critical P estimate. Three forage crop legumes (Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium purpureum, Trifolium vesiculosum) and two pasture legumes (Ornithopus compressus, Ornithopus sativus) had lower critical soil test P concentrations. It may be feasible to manage pastures based on these species to a lower soil test P benchmark without compromising yield.

A comparison of the vegetative growth of male-sterile and hermaphroditic lines of Plantago lanceolata in relation to N supply

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-1997

DOI: 10.1046/J.1469-8137.1997.00670.X

Nutrient availability and stoichiometry mediate microbial effects on soil carbon sequestration in tropical forests

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2023.109186

Ecosystem stability is determined by plant defence functional traits and population stability under mowing in a semi‐arid temperate steppe

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-07-2023

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14401

Abstract: As a common grassland management practice in many high‐latitude regions worldwide, mowing has great impacts on grassland functioning and stability. Species richness, species asynchrony and species stability have been suggested as central in responses to environmental change. Mowing can evoke plant defence system due to physical damages to plants. However, no studies have comprehensively evaluated the role of plant defence functional traits, species richness, species asynchrony and stability in ecosystem functioning under mowing regimes across timescales. In this study, we set up short‐term (4 years) and long‐term (16 years) mowing experiments with three stubble heights (control, 10 cm, 2 cm) in a temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia. We investigated the effects of mowing‐induced changes in distribution metrics associated with plant defence traits, that is mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of trait distribution, on ecosystem stability of grassland communities using structural equation modelling. We found that grassland ecosystem stability was enhanced by increasing mowing duration and decreasing stubble height. Mowing‐induced increase in abundance and ersity of plant defence traits contributed to greater ecosystem stability by enhancing species asynchrony and population stability. Moreover, we found that mowing enhanced the abundance and ersity of plant defence traits of dominant species and contributed to population stability and species asynchrony, thus enhancing temporal stability of grassland ecosystems. These results demonstrate the important roles of plant defence traits in maintaining stability of grasslands under mowing, and highlight that, in addition to species richness, asynchrony and population stability, plant functional defence trait acts in stabilizing ecosystem functions under human‐induced environmental changes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Tight control of nitrate acquisition in a plant species that evolved in an extremely phosphorus-impoverished environment

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-11-2016

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12853

Abstract: Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) has evolved in an extremely phosphorus (P)-limited environment. This species exhibits an exceptionally low ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and low protein and nitrogen (N) concentration in its leaves. Little is known about the N requirement of this species and its link to P metabolism, despite this being the key to understanding how it functions with a minimal P budget. H. prostrata plants were grown with various N supplies. Metabolite and elemental analyses were performed to determine its N requirement. H. prostrata maintained its organ N content and concentration at a set point, independent of a 25-fold difference nitrate supplies. This is in sharp contrast to plants that are typically studied, which take up and store excess nitrate. Plants grown without nitrate had lower leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, indicating N deficiency. However, H. prostrata plants at low or high nitrate availability had the same photosynthetic pigment levels and hence were not physiologically compromised by the treatments. The tight control of nitrate acquisition in H. prostrata retains protein at a very low level, which results in a low demand for rRNA and P. We surmise that the constrained nitrate acquisition is an adaptation to severely P-impoverished soils.

Lipid Biosynthesis and Protein Concentration Respond Uniquely to Phosphate Supply during Leaf Development in Highly Phosphorus-Efficient Hakea prostrata

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 14-10-2014

DOI: 10.1104/PP.114.248930

Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and nitrogen addition on foliar phosphorus fractions of Mikania micranatha and Chromolaena odorata under low phosphorus av

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-09-2021

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13555

Abstract: Invasive plants rapidly spread in habitats with low soil phosphorus (P) availability and have triggered a sharp decline in the ersity of native species. However, no studies have explored how widespread invasive species acclimate to low soil P availability via changing foliar P fractions, especially under elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ([CO 2 ]) and nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, an open‐top chamber experiment was conducted to explore the effect of nutrient addition and elevated [CO 2 ] on leaf traits and foliar functional P fractions (i.e., Pi, metabolite P, lipid P, nucleic acid P, and residual P) of two aggressive invasive species ( Mikania micranatha and Chromolaena odorata ). We found that foliar N/P ratios were more than 20, and P addition significantly increased plant biomass. Both results indicated P‐limited plant growth at our studied site. Elevated [CO 2 ], N and N + P addition greatly increased plant biomass, photosynthetic rates, and photosynthetic P‐use efficiency (PPUE) in invasive species, but PPUE decreased with increasing P addition. Nitrogen addition slightly decreased the concentration of leaf total P, decreased foliar residual P, but increased metabolite P concentrations in invasive species. Similar changes in foliar P fractions were found under N + P addition. Phosphorus addition increased foliar P concentrations, which was strongly correlated with an increase in metabolite P concentrations in invasive species. Elevated [CO 2 ] alleviated these effects and increased PPUE. The present results suggest that future elevated [CO 2 ] and N deposition allow the invasive species to acclimate to low soil P availability and support their successful invasion by greatly reducing P allocation to non‐metabolite foliar P fractions (i.e., nucleic acid P and residual P) to meet their demand of metabolite P for photosynthesis and exhibit a high PPUE.

AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-09-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41597-021-01006-6

Abstract: We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field c aigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and in idual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised in idual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.

Increased ecological amplitude through heterosis following wide outcrossing in Banksia ilicifolia R.Br. (Proteaceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-02-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2005.01067.X

Abstract: To assess whether wide outcrossing (over 30 km) in the naturally fragmented Banksia ilicifolia R.Br. increases the ecological litude of offspring, we performed a comparative greenhouse growth study involving seedlings of three hand-pollinated progeny classes (self, local outcross, wide outcross) and a range of substrates and stress conditions. Outcrossed seedlings outperformed selfed seedlings, with the magnitude of inbreeding depression as high as 62% for seed germination and 37% for leaf area. Wide outcrossed seedlings outperformed local outcrossed seedlings, especially in non-native soils, facilitated in part by an improved capacity to overcome soil constraints through greater root carboxylate exudation. Soil type significantly affected seedling growth, and waterlogging and water deficit decreased growth, production of cluster roots, root exudation and total plant P uptake. Our results suggest that the interaction of narrow ecological litude and the genetic consequences of small fragmented populations may in part explain the narrow range of local endemics, but that wide outcrossing may provide opportunities for increased genetic variation, increased ecological litude and range expansion.

Water relations and mineral nutrition of closely related woody plant species on desert dunes and interdunes

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1071/BT06205

Abstract: Vegetation on dunes and interdunes in hot, subtropical deserts is profoundly influenced by the temporal and spatial variation in availability of water and nutrients in the landscape. We hypothesised that water is more available to plants on the dunes but that nutrients are in greater concentrations on the interdunes in the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia. During the course of 2 years, we examined water relations and photosynthesis of six dominant woody species throughout each season, in addition to foliar δ13C, δ15N and nutrient composition. In general, stomatal conductance (gs) was greater and leaf water potential (ΨL) less negative for dune species than for closely related species on the interdunes. The largest tree species in the landscape, Corymbia chippendalei ((D.J.Carr & S.G.M.Carr) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson), occurred only on the dunes, and maintained moderate gs values year round, ranging between 240 mmol H2O m–2 s–1 in the wet season and 160 mmol H2O m–2 s–1 in the middle of the dry season. It also displayed a relatively stable ΨL, between –0.3 and –0.5 MPa at predawn, and between –1.3 and –1.6 MPa at midday throughout the year, unlike the closely related species on the interdunes, Eucalyptus victrix (L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill), which always displayed significantly lower ΨL values (0.2–1.1 MPa more negative). The two Grevillea species displayed ΨL values within a similar range as for C. chippendalei, while the Acacia species exhibited consistently more negative values, especially late in the dry season. Considerable reductions in gs occurred at this time for all species, except C. chippendalei. Rates of photosynthesis (A) followed the trends in gs, yet δ13C values varied little between related species in the dune and interdune habitats. Mineral nutrient concentrations in soil and foliage tended to be greater in the interdunes. Average N : P ratio in foliage was 28 : 1, indicating P was more limiting than N. Soil depth and texture, in conjunction with their effects on water availability and root growth, were considered to be the most influential factors affecting plant distribution in the Great Sandy Desert. It is concluded that dunes hold relatively more water than adjacent interdunes, sustaining more favourable water status in deep-rooted species from this habitat, further into the dry season. Conversely, species on the interdunes must be more desiccation tolerant and develop root systems with greater ability to penetrate conglomerated lateritic gravel layers in order to access water where and when it is available.

How Does Evolution in Phosphorus-Impoverished Landscapes Impact Plant Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2018.10.004

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fertilisers, made from rock phosphate, are used to attain high crop yields. However, rock phosphate is a finite resource and excessive P fertilisers pollute our environment, stressing the need for more P-efficient crops. Some Proteaceae have evolved in extremely P-impoverished environments. One of their adaptations is to curtail the abundance of ribosomal RNA, and thus protein, and tightly control the acquisition and assimilation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur. This differs fundamentally from plants that evolved in environments where N limits plant productivity, but is likely common in many species that evolved in P-impoverished landscapes. Here, we scrutinise the relevance of these responses towards developing P-efficient crops, focusing on plant species where 'P is in the driver's seat'.

Cytokinin concentration in relation to mineral nutrition and benzyladenine treatment in Plantago major ssp. pleiosperma

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-1989

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1989.TB05617.X

Plant phosphorus status has a limited influence on the concentration of phosphorus-mobilising carboxylates in the rhizosphere of chickpea

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/FP04084

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether carboxylate exudation by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a response to phosphorus (P) deficiency or a constitutive trait. The effect of P supply on carboxylate concentrations in the plant and in the rhizosphere of chickpea cultivar Heera was studied in a sand culture. Plants were grown in pots supplied with 200 mL of solution containing 0–500 μm P every 3 d. Malonate was the main carboxylate exuded, and the main carboxylate in roots shoots contained mainly citrate and malate. Contrary to what has been reported for other species, carboxylate concentrations in the rhizosphere decreased only slightly at high P supply, but they were still substantial. The effect of P supply on the rate of exudation was studied in a split-root sand culture. Root systems were split into two pots, one root half received no P and the other half received 200 mL of solution containing 0–500 μm P. The rhizosphere of both root halves contained similar concentrations of carboxylates, even when the plants received a different supply of P. Our results indicate that carboxylate exudation is determined by internal P rather than external factors. The fact that chickpea roots always exude carboxylates indicates that exudation in this species is largely constitutive.

Carboxylate concentrations in the rhizosphere of lateral roots of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) increase during plant development, but are not correlated with phosphorus status of soil or plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 13-05-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2004.01070.X

Arsenic in Rice Soils and Potential Agronomic Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Arsenic Bioavailability: A Review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2018

DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60026-8

Intercropping alleviates the inhibitory effect of N fertilization on nodulation and symbiotic N2 fixation of faba bean

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-03-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-009-9938-8

Growth, photosynthesis and respiration in Plantago coronopus as affected by salinity

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-1981

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1981.TB04475.X

How a phosphorus‐acquisition strategy based on carboxylate exudation powers the success and agronomic potential of lupines (Lupinus, Fabaceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2013

DOI: 10.3732/AJB.1200474

Abstract: Lupines (Lupinus species Fabaceae) are an ancient crop with great potential to be developed further for high-protein feed and food, cover crops, and phytoremediation. Being legumes, they are capable of symbiotically fixing atmospheric nitrogen. However, Lupinus species appear to be nonmycorrhizal or weakly mycorrhizal at most instead some produce cluster roots, which release vast amounts of phosphate-mobilizing carboxylates (inorganic anions). Other lupines produce cluster-like roots, which function in a similar manner, and some release large amounts of carboxylates without specialized roots. These traits associated with nutrient acquisition make lupines ideally suited for either impoverished soils or soils with large amounts of phosphorus that is poorly available for most plants, e.g., acidic or alkaline soils. Here we explore how common the nonmycorrhizal phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on exudation of carboxylates is in the genus Lupinus, concluding it is very likely more widespread than generally acknowledged. This trait may partly account for the role of lupines as pioneers or invasive species, but also makes them suitable crop plants while we reach "peak phosphorus".

The alternative oxidase in roots of Poa annua after transfer from high‐light to low‐light conditions

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-2000

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-313X.2000.00832.X

Abstract: The activity of the alternative pathway can be affected by a number of factors, including the amount and reduction state of the alternative oxidase protein, and the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool. To investigate the importance of these factors in vivo, we manipulated the rate of root respiration by transferring the annual grass Poa annua L. from high-light to low-light conditions, and at the same time from long-day to short-day conditions for four days. As a result of the low-light treatment, the total respiration rate of the roots decreased by 45%, in vitro cytochrome c oxidase capacity decreased by 49%, sugar concentration decreased by 90% and the ubiquinone concentration increased by 31%, relative to control values. The absolute rate of oxygen uptake via the alternative pathway, as determined using the 18O-isotope fractionation technique, did not change. Conversely, the cytochrome pathway activity decreased during the low-light treatment its activity increased upon addition of exogenous sugars to the roots. Interestingly, no change was observed in the concentration of the alternative oxidase protein or in the reduction state of the protein. Also, there was no change in the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool. In conclusion, the concentration and activity of the alternative oxidase were not changed, even under severe light deprivation.

Growth and root dry matter allocation by pasture legumes and a grass with contrasting external critical phosphorus requirements

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-02-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-016-2808-2

Is there a critical level of shoot phosphorus concentration for cluster-root formation in Lupinus albus?

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1071/FP07222

Abstract: This study examined the effects of localised phosphorus (P) supply on cluster-root formation and citrate exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kiev Mutant). White lupin plants were grown in nutrient solutions with a range of P supplies in a split-root system with one root half deprived of P and the other root supplied with 0, 2, 5, 8, 10 or 75 μm P. Plants were also grown in soil with or without organic matter added to the top layer. The proportion of cluster roots as a percentage of the total root biomass decreased similarly on both root halves with increasing P supply in the hydroponic experiments. More than 18% of the P taken up by the P-supplied root halves was incorporated into the P-deprived halves. Irrespective of the P supply or organic matter addition in the experiments, the proportion of cluster roots and the rate of citrate exudation decreased sharply with increasing P concentration in the shoots up to a critical level of 2–3 mg P g–1 dry weight. In contrast, the rate of proton release was higher in P-deprived root halves than in P-supplied ones. The formation of cluster roots is regulated by shoot P concentration with a critical level of 2–3 mg g–1. Citrate exudation is predominantly governed by shoot P status, whereas proton release strongly responds to local P supply.

Faster recovery of soil biodiversity in native species mixture than in Eucalyptus monoculture after 60 years afforestation in tropical degraded coastal terraces

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-07-2021

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15774

Abstract: Afforestation is an effective method to restore degraded land. Afforestation methods vary in their effects on ecosystem multifunctionality, but their effects on soil bio ersity have been largely overlooked. Here, we mapped the bio ersity and functioning of multiple soil organism groups resulting from erse afforestation methods in tropical coastal terraces. Sixty years after afforestation from bare land (BL), plant species richness and the abundance of plant litter (398 ± 85 g m −2 ) and plant biomass (179 ± 3.7 t ha −1 ) in native tree species mixtures (MF) were restored to the level of native forests (NF 287 ± 21 g m −2 and 243.0 ± 33 t ha −1 , respectively), while Eucalyptus monoculture (EP) only successfully restored the litter mass (388 ± 43 g m −2 ) to the level of NF. Soil fertility in EP and MF was increased but remained lower than in NF. For ex le, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in MF (1.2 ± 0.2 g kg −1 and 408 ± 49 mg kg −1 , respectively p 0.05) were lower than in NF (1.8 ± 0.2 g kg −1 and 523 ± 24 mg kg −1 , respectively p 0.05). Soil bio ersity, abundance (except for nematodes), and community composition in MF were similar or greater than those in NF. In contrast, restoration with EP only enhanced the ersity of microbes and mites to the level of NF, but not for other soil biota. Together, afforestation with native species mixtures can end up restoring vegetation and most aspects of the taxonomic and functional bio ersity in soil whereas monoculture using fast‐growing non‐native species cannot. Native species mixtures show a greater potential to reach completely similar levels of soil bio ersity in local natural forests if they are received some more decades of afforestation. Multifunctionality of soil biotic community should be considered to accelerate such processes in future restoration practices.

Ecophysiology of campos rupestres plants

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29808-5_11

The effect of an elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on growth, photosynthesis and respiration of Plantago major

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1988

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1988.TB05440.X

Coordination of photosynthetic traits across soil and climate gradients

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-11-2022

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16501

Abstract: “Least‐cost theory” posits that C 3 plants should balance rates of photosynthetic water loss and carboxylation in relation to the relative acquisition and maintenance costs of resources required for these activities. Here we investigated the dependency of photosynthetic traits on climate and soil properties using a new Australia‐wide trait dataset spanning 528 species from 67 sites. We tested the hypotheses that plants on relatively cold or dry sites, or on relatively more fertile sites, would typically operate at greater CO 2 drawdown (lower ratio of leaf internal to ambient CO 2 , C i : C a ) during light‐saturated photosynthesis, and at higher leaf N per area (N area ) and higher carboxylation capacity ( V cmax 25 ) for a given rate of stomatal conductance to water vapour, g sw . These results would be indicative of plants having relatively higher water costs than nutrient costs. In general, our hypotheses were supported. Soil total phosphorus (P) concentration and (more weakly) soil pH exerted positive effects on the N area – g sw and V cmax 25 – g sw slopes, and negative effects on C i : C a . The P effect strengthened when the effect of climate was removed via partial regression. We observed similar trends with increasing soil cation exchange capacity and clay content, which affect soil nutrient availability, and found that soil properties explained similar amounts of variation in the focal traits as climate did. Although climate typically explained more trait variation than soil did, together they explained up to 52% of variation in the slope relationships and soil properties explained up to 30% of the variation in in idual traits. Soils influenced photosynthetic traits as well as their coordination. In particular, the influence of soil P likely reflects the Australia's geologically ancient low‐relief landscapes with highly leached soils. Least‐cost theory provides a valuable framework for understanding trade‐offs between resource costs and use in plants, including limiting soil nutrients.

Relationships between carboxylate-based nutrient-acquisition strategies, phosphorus-nutritional status and rare earth element accumulation in plants

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06049-9

Dinitrogen‐fixing Acacia species from phosphorus‐impoverished soils resorb leaf phosphorus efficiently

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-08-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2011.02403.X

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption from senescing leaves were studied, and the contribution of N and P cycling through litterfall to soil nutrient patchiness was investigated for four Acacia species in the Great Sandy Desert in north-western Australia. N and P concentrations of mature and recently shed leaves were analysed and compared soils under the canopies of the shrubs and soils in gaps (open areas) between the shrubs were also analysed and compared for N and P concentrations. Mature leaf P concentrations of the plants were considerably lower than the global average values, and N : P ratios of mature leaves were high. Plants derived 0-75% of their leaf N from symbiotic N(2)-fixation. N-resorption efficiency was between 0 and 43%, and P-resorption efficiency was between 32 and 79% all plants were more efficient at P resorption than at N resorption, and litter N : P ratios were significantly higher than mature leaf N : P ratios. Soils of the study sites were P-impoverished. Total soil N and P concentrations were higher under the canopy than in gaps, but bicarbonate-extractable P concentration was higher in gaps. Nutrient cycling through litterfall results in soil nutrient patchiness and forms 'islands of fertility' under the canopies of the shrubs.

Leaf phosphorus allocation to chemical fractions and its seasonal variation in south-western Australia is a species-dependent trait

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.166395

Is pH the key reason why some Lupinus species are sensitive to calcareous soil?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-08-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-018-3763-X

Respiration and NADH-Oxidation of the Roots of Flood-Tolerant and Flood-Intolerant Senecio Species as Affected by Anaerobiosis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1976

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1976.TB03943.X

Photosynthesis, biomass partitioning and peroxisomicine A₁ production of Karwinskia species in response to nitrogen supply

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2000

DOI: 10.1034/J.1399-3054.2000.108003300.X

Rapeseed increases cadmium concentration of wheat in a rotation system through suppressing root mycorrhizal activity of wheat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-12-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05821-7

Preferential outcrossing in Banksia ilicifolia (Proteaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/BT04011

Abstract: The breeding system of Banksia ilicifolia was assessed by performing controlled hand-pollination manipulations on flowers in a natural population in Perth, Western Australia. The percentage of 2000 flowers per treatment converted to fruits and seeds was assessed across 24 recipient plants following (1) self-pollination, (2) local outcross pollination (same population), (3) non-local outcross pollination (pollen sourced from another population 30 km away), (4) unpollinated but bagged flowers and (5) unpollinated, unbagged flowers (natural pollination). The relative performance of the resulting seeds was assessed by seed weight, germination rates and, in an unplanned component of the study, resistance to a fungal pathogen. The percentage of flowers converted to fruits following self-pollination was low (0.9%), but demonstrated self-compatibility. Fruit set following cross-pollinations (3.6 and 3.3% for non-local and local crosses, respectively) was significantly greater than that following self-pollination, open-pollination (0.4%) and autogamous (0.04%) treatments. Low fruit set for open-pollinated flowers, compared with self- and outcross-pollination treatments, suggests pollen limitation. Pollen tubes were observed in 15 and 20% of upper styles of flowers hand-pollinated with self and local outcross pollen, respectively. Seed germination was dependent on the source of pollen, where fewer selfed seeds germinated (37%) than did both non-local and local outcrossed seeds (83 and 91%, respectively). Selfed seedlings showed poorer survival (33.3%) following fungal attack than both non-local and local outcrossed seeds (69.2 and 68.5%, respectively). Only 13% of selfed seeds survived to be 2-month-old seedlings, compared with 63% for non-local and 57% for local outcrossed seeds. Ultimately, for 2000 flowers hand-pollinated with self pollen, only three seedlings survived to an age of 16 weeks, compared with 37 and 45 seedlings for local-cross and non-local cross treatments on 2000 hand-pollinated flowers, respectively. These results indicate that in this population, B. ilicifolia is self-compatible, but preferentially outcrossing, with strong early acting inbreeding depression. Consequently, the breeding system of B. ilicifolia promotes the maintenance of genetic variation and a high genetic load.

Root exudates drive interspecific facilitation by enhancing nodulation and N ₂ fixation

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Date: 23-05-2016

DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1523580113

Abstract: Plant ersity often leads to an increase in ecosystem productivity, but the underpinning mechanisms remain poorly understood. We found that faba bean/maize intercropping enhances productivity, nodulation, and N 2 fixation of faba bean through interspecific root interactions. We provide a mechanism explaining how maize promotes N 2 fixation of faba bean, where root exudates from maize increase root hair deformation and nodulation in faba bean, double exudation of flavonoids (signaling compounds for rhizobia), and up-regulate the expression of a chalcone–flavanone isomerase gene involved in flavonoid synthesis, and genes mediating nodulation and auxin responses. Our results provide a mechanism for facilitative root–root interactions explaining how species ersity may enhance ecosystem productivity with important implications for developing sustainable agriculture.

Differential growth response of Rytidosperma species (wallaby grass) to phosphorus application and its implications for grassland management

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-04-2015

DOI: 10.1111/GFS.12170

Mechanism of arsenic uptake, translocation and plant resistance to accumulate arsenic in rice grains

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.AGEE.2017.10.017

Intercropping increases soil macroaggregate carbon through root traits induced microbial necromass accumulation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2023.109146

Growth rate and biomass partitioning of wildtype and low‐gibberellin tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants growing at a high and low nitrogen supply

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110105.X

Data from: Changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition and declining diversity along a 2-million year soil chronosequence

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.5061/DRYAD.KT38R

Two pathways drive enhanced nitrogen acquisition via a complementarity effect in long-term intercropping

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.FCR.2023.108854

Viminaria juncea does not vary its shoot phosphorus concentration and only marginally decreases its mycorrhizal colonization and cluster-root dry weight under a wide range of phosphorus supplies

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 03-2013

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCT035

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants: do non‐mycorrhizal species at both extremes of nutrient availability play the same game?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-05-2013

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12117

Rhizosphere carboxylates and morphological root traits in pasture legumes and grasses

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-12-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-015-2770-4

Revisiting mycorrhizal dogmas: Are mycorrhizas really functioning as they are widely believed to do?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S42832-020-0070-2

Functions of Macronutrients

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384905-2.00006-6

Using activated charcoal to remove substances interfering with the colorimetric assay of inorganic phosphate in plant extracts

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-05195-2

Abstract: Organic substances in leaves of several southwest Australian native species interfere with sensitive colorimetric assays and prevent quantification of inorganic phosphate concentration ([Pi]). We aimed to develop a reproducible routine procedure for treating leaf extracts with activated charcoal (AC) to remove interfering substances, allowing the determination of [Pi] by the malachite green spectrophotometric assay. Leaf extracts of native plants from southwest Australia in 1% ( v / v ) acetic acid were treated with 10 mg mL −1 acid-washed AC for removal of interfering substances. Standard solutions (0 to 18 μM Pi) with and without AC treatment were compared to quantify Pi loss. A spiking and recovery test was performed to validate the AC treatment. Leaf extracts treated with AC exhibited distinguishable absorbance peaks for the malachite green-orthophosphate complex between 630 and 650 nm, as opposed to untreated s les. The Pi-adsorption by AC represented a relatively larger fraction of [Pi] in solutions at 0–4 μM Pi range and stabilised at higher [Pi] when maximum adsorption capacity of AC reached at 11.7 μg Pi g −1 AC. The Pi recovery after AC treatment in spiked s les ranged between 100 and 111%. The AC treatment successfully removed interfering substances from s les but caused Pi loss. Thus, quantification of [Pi] in AC-treated extracts requires s le [Pi] ≥ 6 μM Pi and the use of AC-treated standards. The error of the AC treatment was minor compared with environmental variability of leaf [Pi]. The AC treatment was a reproducible time- and cost-effective method to remove interfering substances from leaf extracts.

The influence of temperature and nitrogen source on growth and nitrogen uptake of two polar-desert species, Saxifraga caespitosa and Cerastium alpinum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1023/A:1026528830228

Distribution of Calcium and Phosphorus in Leaves of the Proteaceae

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-2014

DOI: 10.1017/S1431927614008368

Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of epiphytes, hemiparasites and their hosts in tropical forests of Sri Lanka

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 28-08-2017

DOI: 10.1093/JPE/RTX049

Winter hairy vetch-spring maize rotation can improve nitrogen-utilization efficiency on the North China Plain

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-08-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06174-5

Respiratory energy requirements of roots vary with the potential growth rate of a plant species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-1991

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1991.TB00122.X

How does spatial micro‐environmental heterogeneity influence seedling recruitment in ironstone outcrops?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2021

DOI: 10.1111/JVS.13010

The effect of handling on photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and nitrogen and carbohydrate content of populations of Lolium perenne

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1994

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1994.TB02998.X

Water relations and mineral nutrition of Triodia grasses on desert dunes and interdunes

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1071/BT07156

Abstract: Desert dunes and interdunes provide habitat heterogeneity and profoundly influence the spatial and temporal distribution of water and nutrients throughout the landscape. These underlying physical processes shape the plant species composition and their ecophysiology. Spinifex grasses dominate the vegetation throughout much of Australia and are categorised into two groups ‘soft’ species occur mostly in northern, subtropical to semiarid regions, whereas ‘hard’ species occur mostly throughout the dry centre and southern interior. This study examined the water and nutrient relations and leaf anatomy of dominant ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ spinifex in the Great Sandy Desert, where their distributions overlap. The ‘soft’ species, Triodia schinzii (Henrard) Lazarides, occurs only on sand dunes, whereas the ‘hard’ species, T. basedowii E.Pritz., is restricted to the flat interdunes. We proposed two hypotheses: 1) that the dune species, T. schinzii would display more favourable water status and 2) the interdune species, T. basedowii would display higher leaf nutrient concentrations. Triodia schinzii displayed significantly less negative leaf water potentials at predawn and at midday (–0.4 and –2.0 MPa, respectively) than T. basedowii (–0.9 and –3.0 MPa, respectively) throughout the middle of the dry season. Photosynthesis rates were also significantly higher in T. schinzii than T. basedowii in the wet season (140 v. 84 nmol g–1 s–1), but there were no significant differences between species in leaf conductance. Leaf δ13C composition confirmed anatomical observations that both species were C4 and supported the finding that T. schinzii displayed significantly greater photosynthetic water-use efficiency during the wet season than T. basedowii. In general, foliar nutrient concentrations were not significantly different between species however, both species exhibited especially low leaf P and to a lesser extent N. We conclude that water is more readily available in the dune than the interdune as a result of greater soil depth and associated water storage capacity. These properties are considered the main factors influencing plant species distribution. Given the climatic and geographic distribution of these two Triodia species, it is suggested that sand dunes provide a mesic corridor for T. schinzii to extend its range from higher rainfall areas into the arid interior.

Modelling of Respiration: Effect of Variation in Respiration on Plant Growth in Two Carex Species

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 1989

DOI: 10.2307/2389497

Variation in relative growth rate of 20 Aegilops species (Poaceae) in the field: The importance of net assimilation rate or specific leaf area depends on the time scale

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-004-3846-8

Plant adaptations to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.PBI.2015.04.002

Abstract: Mycorrhizas play a pivotal role in phosphorus (P) acquisition of plant roots, by enhancing the soil volume that can be explored. Non-mycorrhizal plant species typically occur either in relatively fertile soil or on soil with a very low P availability, where there is insufficient P in the soil solution for mycorrhizal hyphae to be effective. Soils with a very low P availability are either old and severely weathered or relatively young with high concentrations of oxides and hydroxides of aluminium and iron that sorb P. In such soils, cluster roots and other specialised roots that release P-mobilising carboxylates are more effective than mycorrhizas. Cluster roots are ephemeral structures that release carboxylates in an exudative burst. The carboxylates mobilise sparingly-available sources of soil P. The relative investment of biomass in cluster roots and the amount of carboxylates that are released during the exudative burst differ between species on severely weathered soils with a low total P concentration and species on young soils with high total P concentrations but low P availability. Taking a modelling approach, we explore how the optimal cluster-root strategy depends on soil characteristics, thus offering insights for plant breeders interested in developing crop plants with optimal cluster-root strategies.

The potential for phosphorus benefits through root placement in the rhizosphere of phosphorus-mobilising neighbours

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-020-04733-6

Leaf respiration of snow gum in the light and dark. Interactions between temperature and irradiance

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 03-2000

DOI: 10.1104/PP.122.3.915

Abstract: We investigated the effect of temperature and irradiance on leaf respiration (R, non-photorespiratory mitochondrial CO(2) release) of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng). Seedlings were hydroponically grown under constant 20 degrees C, controlled-environment conditions. Measurements of R (using the Laisk method) and photosynthesis (at 37 Pa CO(2)) were made at several irradiances (0-2,000 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) and temperatures (6 degrees C-30 degrees C). At 15 degrees C to 30 degrees C, substantial inhibition of R occurred at 12 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1), with maximum inhibition occurring at 100 to 200 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1). Higher irradiance had little additional effect on R at these moderate temperatures. The irradiance necessary to maximally inhibit R at 6 degrees C to 10 degrees C was lower than that at 15 degrees C to 30 degrees C. Moreover, although R was inhibited by low irradiance at 6 degrees C to 10 degrees C, it recovered with progressive increases in irradiance. The temperature sensitivity of R was greater in darkness than under bright light. At 30 degrees C and high irradiance, light-inhibited rates of R represented 2% of gross CO(2) uptake (v(c)), whereas photorespiratory CO(2) release was approximately 20% of v(c). If light had not inhibited leaf respiration at 30 degrees C and high irradiance, R would have represented 11% of v(c). Variations in light inhibition of R can therefore have a substantial impact on the proportion of photosynthesis that is respired. We conclude that the rate of R in the light is highly variable, being dependent on irradiance and temperature.

Growth and water‐use efficiency of 10 Triticum aestivum cultivars at different water availability in relation to allocation of biomass

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-1997

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3040.1997.D01-60.X

Abstract: In environments where the amount of water is limiting growth, water‐use efficiency (biomass production per unit water use) is an important trait. We studied the relationships of plant growth and water use efficiency with the pattern of biomass allocation, using 10 wheat cultivars, grown at two soil moisture levels in a growth chamber. Allocation pattern and relative growth rate were not correlated, whereas allocation pattern and water use efficiency were. Variation in transpiration per plant resulted from variation in the rate of transpiration per unit leaf area or root weight, rather than from differences in leaf area or root weight per plant. Transpiration per unit leaf area or root weight was lower when the leaf area or root weight per unit plant weight was larger. Also, the efficiency of water use at the plant and leaf levels was higher for plants with a higher leaf area per unit plant weight, and it was not correlated with the plant's growth rate. Differences in water‐use efficiency at the leaf level were related to variation in stomatal conductance, rather than in the rate of photosynthesis. A high photosynthetic water‐use efficiency was associated with a low efficiency of nitrogen use for photosynthesis.

Introduction

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_1

Phosphorus recycling in photorespiration maintains high photosynthetic capacity in woody species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-01-2015

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12468

Abstract: Leaf photosynthetic CO2 responses can provide insight into how major nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), constrain leaf CO2 assimilation rates (Anet). However, triose-phosphate limitations are rarely employed in the classic photosynthesis model and it is uncertain as to what extent these limitations occur in field situations. In contrast to predictions from biochemical theory of photosynthesis, we found consistent evidence in the field of lower Anet in high [CO2] and low [O2 ] than at ambient [O2 ]. For 10 species of trees and shrubs across a range of soil P availability in Australia, none of them showed a positive response of Anet at saturating [CO2] (i.e. Amax) to 2 kPa O2. Three species showed >20% reductions in Amax in low [O2], a phenomenon potentially explained by orthophosphate (Pi) savings during photorespiration. These species, with largest photosynthetic capacity and Pi > 2 mmol P m(-2), rely the most on additional Pi made available from photorespiration rather than species growing in P-impoverished soils. The results suggest that rarely used adjustments to a biochemical photosynthesis model are useful for predicting Amax and give insight into the biochemical limitations of photosynthesis rates at a range of leaf P concentrations. Phosphate limitations to photosynthetic capacity are likely more common in the field than previously considered.

Roots originating from different shoot parts are functionally different in running bamboo, Phyllostachys glauca

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 20-01-2023

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14257

Abstract: Running bamboos are a group of clonal plants exhibiting rapid and widespread expansion. They possess two root subsystems, arising from different shoot parts, culm roots and rhizome roots. To date, it remains unclear what the functional differences are between the two root subsystems and what their relation is to the remarkably competitive ability of running bamboos. A typical running bamboo, Phyllostachys glauca , which dominates in a highly heterogeneous habitat of limestone hills, was s led to compare the morphology, architecture, anatomy, chemical composition, mechanics and nutrient acquisition of the two root subsystems to explore their differences in functional traits. Compared with rhizome roots, culm roots possessed greater tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, stele diameter to root diameter ratio, root tissue density, root length density, rooting depth, basal diameter of shoot‐borne roots and more lignified cells. Culm roots also had a higher phosphorus (P) concentration ( .4 mg g −1 ), which was nearly twice that of rhizome roots. By contrast, rhizome roots exhibited a greater specific root area, specific root length, cortex thickness to root radius ratio, total branch order and greater P‐uptake capacity than culm roots. Our findings revealed distinct differences in functional traits between culm roots and rhizome roots in P. glauca . Culm roots are considered to primarily provide anchorage, but also function in resource acquisition and nutrient storage, while rhizome roots mainly play a role in resource acquisition. Except for the anchorage and resource acquisition of culm roots, the extra resource acquisition by rhizome roots and the high concentration of a limiting nutrient (P) in culm roots enhance the performance in a highly heterogeneous habitat which offers a physiological explanation for P. glauca dominating on limestone hills. The functional differentiation between culm roots and rhizome roots provides insight into the mechanism underpinning the remarkable expansion of running bamboos and offers a new perspective to explain the strong competitive ability of clonal plants with dimorphic roots. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Tightening the Phosphorus Cycle through Phosphorus-Efficient Crop Genotypes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2020.04.013

Nitrate-uptake restraint in Banksia spp. (Proteaceae) and Melaleuca spp. (Myrtaceae) from a severely phosphorus-impoverished environment

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-05-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05477-3

Abstract: South-western Australia has some of the most phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils in the world. Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) has nitrate (NO 3 − )-uptake restraint, associated with its high P-use efficiency. This research explores how common this trait is in other Proteaceae and in co-occurring plant species in south-western Australia. Banksia attenuata (Proteaceae), B. telmatiaea (Proteaceae), Melaleuca seriata (Myrtaceae) and M. rhaphiophylla (Myrtaceae) were grown with no NO 3 − , Medium (500 µM) NO 3 − or High (2500 µM) NO 3 − treatments with no other source of nitrogen (N). Plants were harvested after treatments. Leaf nitrate and phosphate concentrations were determined, as well as biomass, total N and total P concentrations of leaves, stems and roots separately. Banksia attenuata , B. telmatiaea and M. seriata had similar total N content when supplied with High NO 3 − as they did when supplied with Medium NO 3 − . All four species had the same low leaf NO 3 − -N concentration in High and Medium NO 3 − treatments, no more than 6% of leaf total N. All species had similar leaf NO 3 − concentrations as those of plants growing in their natural habitat where the available soil nitrate concentration was much lower. These results are in sharp contrast with plants that are typically studied, for ex le Arabidopsis thaliana . All four species exhibited NO 3 − -uptake restraint to different degrees. Nitrate-uptake restraint appears a convergent trait common to many species that evolved in severely P-impoverished landscapes, allowing them to be more P-efficient.

Downregulation of net phosphorus-uptake capacity is inversely related to leaf phosphorus-resorption proficiency in four species from a phosphorus-impoverished environment

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 04-01-2013

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCS299

Growth and the efficiency of root respiration of Pisum sativum as dependent on the source of nitrogen

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1983

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1983.TB05739.X

Mineral Nutrition of Plants in Australia’s Arid Zone

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_4

Soil microbial biomass and the fate of phosphorus during long-term ecosystem development

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-11-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-012-1493-Z

Population Size Effects on Progeny Performance in Banksia ilicifolia R. Br. (Proteaceae)

Publisher: Bogor Agricultural University

Date: 06-2009

DOI: 10.4308/HJB.16.2.43

Field application of a DNA-based assay to the measurement of roots of perennial grasses

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-08-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-012-1405-2

Soil property determines the ability of rhizobial inoculation to enhance nitrogen fixation and phosphorus acquisition in soybean

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.APSOIL.2021.104346

A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-10-2021

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.17572

Abstract: In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting‐edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below‐ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below‐ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below‐ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage) and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I–VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.

Respiration of crop species under CO₂ enrichment

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-1985

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1985.TB02309.X

The influence of a reduced gibberellin biosynthesis and nitrogen supply on the morphology and anatomy of leaves and roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110106.X

Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-08-2022

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-32464-0

Abstract: Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield and its drivers has never been systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 yield observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based and non-legume cropping systems and show that legumes enhanced main crop yield by 20%. These yield advantages decline with increasing N fertilizer rates and crop ersity of the main cropping system. The yield benefits are consistent among main crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) and evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater yield advantages (32% vs. 7%) are observed in low- vs. high-yielding environments, suggesting legumes increase crop production with low inputs (e.g., in Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests that legume-based rotations offer a critical pathway for enhancing global crop production, especially when integrated into low-input and low- ersity agricultural systems.

Changes in physiological and morphological traits of roots and shoots of wheat in response to different depths of waterlogging

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/PP01089

Abstract: The growth reduction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during and after waterlogging stress depends on the depth of water from the soil surface. In a pot experiment with 3-week-old plants, soil was waterlogged for 14 d at the surface, or at 100 or 200 mm below the surface, and pots were then drained to assess recovery. A fully drained treatment kept at field capacity served as control. During waterlogging, the relative growth rate of roots decreased more than that of shoots (by 6–27% for shoots, by 15–74% for roots), and plant growth was reduced proportionally as the water level was increased. Light-saturated net photosynthesis was reduced by 70–80% for the two most severe waterlogging treatments, but was little affected for plants in soil waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface. The number of adventitious roots formed per stem in plants grown in waterlogged soil increased up to 1.5 times, but the number of tillers per plant was reduced by 24–62%. The adventitious roots only penetrated 85–116 mm below the water level in all waterlogging treatments. Adventitious root porosity was enhanced up to 10-fold for plants grown in waterlogged soil, depending on water level and position along the roots. Porosity also increased in basal zones of roots above the water level when the younger tissues had penetrated the waterlogged zone. Fourteen days after draining the pots, growth rates of plants where the soil had been waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface had recovered, while those of plants in the more severely waterlogged treatments had only partially recovered. These findings show that the depth of waterlogging has a large impact on the response of wheat both during and after a waterlogging event so that assessment of recovery is essential in evaluating waterlogging tolerance in crops.

Accumulation of phosphorus and calcium in different cells protects the phosphorus-hyperaccumulator Ptilotus exaltatus from phosphorus toxicity in high-phosphorus soils

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2020.128438

Belowground processes and sustainability in agroecosystems with intercropping

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-05-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05487-1

Adaptive shoot and root responses collectively enhance growth at optimum temperature and limited phosphorus supply of three herbaceous legume species

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 29-07-2012

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCS166

Contrasting effects of N and P deprivation on the regulation of photosynthesis in tomato plants in relation to feedback limitation

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-2003

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERG193

Contrasting physiological responses of two co-occurring eucalypts to seasonal drought at restored bauxite mine sites

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-09-2011

DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/TPR085

Abstract: This study describes the physiological response of two co-occurring tree species (Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla) to seasonal drought at low- and high-quality restored bauxite mine sites in south-western Australia. Seasonal changes in photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), leaf water potential (ψ), leaf osmotic potential (ψ), leaf relative water content (RWC) and pressure-volume analysis were captured over an 18-month field study to (i) determine the nature and severity of physiological stress in relation to site quality and (ii) identify any physiological differences between the two species. Root system restriction at the low-quality site reduced maximum rates of gas exchange (g(s) and A) and increased water stress (midday ψ and daily RWC) in both species during drought. Both species showed high stomatal sensitivity during drought however, E. marginata demonstrated a higher dehydration tolerance where ψ and RWC fell to -3.2 MPa and 73% compared with -2.4 MPa and 80% for C. calophylla. Corymbia calophylla showed lower g(s) and higher ψ and RWC during drought, indicating higher drought tolerance. Pressure-volume curves showed that cell-wall elasticity of E. marginata leaves increased in response to drought, while C. calophylla leaves showed lower osmotic potential at zero turgor in summer than in winter, indicating osmotic adjustment. Both species are clearly able to tolerate seasonal drought at hostile sites however, by C. calophylla closing stomata earlier in the drought cycle, maintaining a higher water status during drought and having the additional mechanism of osmotic adjustment, it may have a greater capacity to survive extended periods of drought.

Strategies to acquire and use phosphorus in phosphorus-impoverished and fire-prone environments

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-05-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05464-8

Abstract: Unveiling the ersity of plant strategies to acquire and use phosphorus (P) is crucial to understand factors promoting their coexistence in hyper erse P-impoverished communities within fire-prone landscapes such as in cerrado (South America), fynbos (South Africa) and kwongan (Australia). We explore the ersity of P-acquisition strategies, highlighting one that has received little attention: acquisition of P following fires that temporarily enrich soil with P. This strategy is expressed by fire ephemerals as well as fast-resprouting perennial shrubs. A plant’s leaf manganese concentration ([Mn]) provides significant clues on P-acquisition strategies. High leaf [Mn] indicates carboxylate-releasing P-acquisition strategies, but other exudates may play the same role as carboxylates in P acquisition. Intermediate leaf [Mn] suggests facilitation of P acquisition by P-mobilising neighbours, through release of carboxylates or functionally similar compounds. Very low leaf [Mn] indicates that carboxylates play no immediate role in P acquisition. Release of phosphatases also represents a P-mining strategy, mobilising organic P. Some species may express multiple strategies, depending on time since germination or since fire, or on position in the landscape. In severely P-impoverished landscapes, photosynthetic P-use efficiency converges among species. Efficient species exhibit rapid rates of photosynthesis at low leaf P concentrations. A high P-remobilisation efficiency from senescing organs is another way to use P efficiently, as is extended longevity of plant organs. Many P-acquisition strategies coexist in P-impoverished landscapes, but P-use strategies tend to converge. Common strategies of which we know little are those expressed by ephemeral or perennial species that are the first to respond after a fire. We surmise that carboxylate-releasing P-mobilising strategies are far more widespread than envisaged so far, and likely expressed by species that accumulate metals, exemplified by Mn, metalloids, such as selenium, fluorine, in the form of fluoroacetate, or silicon. Some carboxylate-releasing strategies are likely important to consider when restoring sites in bio erse regions as well as in cropping systems on P-impoverished or strongly P-sorbing soils, because some species may only be able to establish themselves next to neighbours that mobilise P.

Phosphorus- and nitrogen-acquisition strategies in two Bossiaea species (Fabaceae) along retrogressive soil chronosequences in south-western Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-03-2018

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12704

Abstract: During long-term ecosystem development and its associated decline in soil phosphorus (P) availability, the abundance of mycorrhizal plant species declines at the expense of non-mycorrhizal species with root specialisations for P-acquisition, such as massive exudation of carboxylates. Leaf manganese (Mn) concentration has been suggested as a proxy for such a strategy, Mn concentration being higher in non-mycorrhizal plants that release carboxylates than in mycorrhizal plants. Shifts in nitrogen (N)-acquisition strategies also occur nodulation in legumes is expected at low N availability, when sufficient P is available. We investigated whether two congeneric legume species (Bossiaea linophylla and Bossiaea eriocarpa) occurring along two long-term chronosequences on the south-western Australian coast and grown in a glasshouse at varying N and P supply exhibited plasticity in nutrient-acquisition strategies. We hypothesised that the shifts in nutrient limitation and nutrient-acquisition strategies at the community level would also be found at the species level. Leaf N: P ratios and the responses to nutrient availability suggested that growth of both species exhibited P-limitation in all treatments, due to the very high leaf [N] of legumes afforded by symbiotic N-fixation. Mycorrhizal colonisation was not greater at higher P supply, and root exudation of carboxylates was not stimulated at low P supply both were unrelated to leaf [Mn]. However, nodule production declined with increasing N supply. We conclude that intraspecific variation in nutrient-acquisition and use is low in these species, and that the variation at the community level, observed in previous studies, is likely driven by high-species turnover.

Carbon trading for phosphorus gain: the balance between rhizosphere carboxylates and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant phosphorus acquisition

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-06-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2012.02547.X

Abstract: Two key plant adaptations for phosphorus (P) acquisition are carboxylate exudation into the rhizosphere and mycorrhizal symbioses. These target different soil P resources, presumably with different plant carbon costs. We examined the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on amount of rhizosphere carboxylates and plant P uptake for 10 species of low-P adapted Kennedia grown for 23 weeks in low-P sand. Inoculation decreased carboxylates in some species (up to 50%), decreased plant dry weight (21%) and increased plant P content (23%). There was a positive logarithmic relationship between plant P content and the amount of rhizosphere citric acid for inoculated and uninoculated plants. Causality was indicated by experiments using sand where little citric acid was lost from the soil solution over 2 h and citric acid at low concentrations desorbed P into the soil solution. Senesced leaf P concentration was often low and P-resorption efficiencies reached >90%. In conclusion, we propose that mycorrhizally mediated resource partitioning occurred because inoculation reduced rhizosphere carboxylates, but increased plant P uptake. Hence, presumably, the proportion of plant P acquired from strongly sorbed sources decreased with inoculation, while the proportion from labile inorganic P increased. Implications for plant fitness under field conditions now require investigation.

Variation in root traits associated with nutrient foraging among temperate pasture legumes and grasses

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-09-2015

DOI: 10.1111/GFS.12199

Effects of nitrogen supply on the anatomy and chemical composition of leaves of four grass species belonging to the genus Poa, as determined by image‐processing analysis and pyrolysis–mass spec

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-1997

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3040.1997.D01-135.X

Distribution of Carboxylates and Acid Phosphatase and Depletion of Different Phosphorus Fractions in the Rhizosphere of a Cereal and Three Grain Legumes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2006

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-005-3936-2

Does phenotypic plasticity in carboxylate exudation differ among rare and widespread Banksia species (Proteaceae)?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-01-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2006.01956.X

Abstract: Banksia species (Proteaceae) occur on some of the most phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils in the world. We hypothesized that plasticity in the exudation of P-mobilizing carboxylates would be greater in widespread than in rare Banksia species. Glasshouse experiments were conducted to identify and quantify carboxylate exudation in three widespread and six narrowly distributed Banksia species. High concentrations of carboxylates (predominantly malate, citrate, aconitate, oxalate) were measured in the rhizosphere of all nine species of Banksia on six different soils, but widespread species did not have greater plasticity in the composition of exuded carboxylates. Based on the evidence in the present study, rarity in Banksia cannot be explained by limited phenotypic adjustment of carboxylate exudation.

The regulation of glycolysis and electron transport in roots

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1983

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1983.TB04160.X

Is nitrogen transfer among plants enhanced by contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-06-2014

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12367

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) transfer among plants has been found where at least one plant can fix N2 . In nutrient-poor soils, where plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies (without N2 fixation) co-occur, it is unclear if N transfer exists and what promotes it. A novel multi-species microcosm pot experiment was conducted to quantify N transfer between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EM), dual AM/EM, and non-mycorrhizal cluster-rooted plants in nutrient-poor soils with mycorrhizal mesh barriers. We foliar-fed plants with a K(15) NO3 solution to quantify one-way N transfer from 'donor' to 'receiver' plants. We also quantified mycorrhizal colonization and root intermingling. Transfer of N between plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies occurred at both low and high soil nutrient levels with or without root intermingling. The magnitude of N transfer was relatively high (representing 4% of donor plant N) given the lack of N2 fixation. Receiver plants forming ectomycorrhizas or cluster roots were more enriched compared with AM-only plants. We demonstrate N transfer between plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies, and a preferential enrichment of cluster-rooted and EM plants compared with AM plants. Nutrient exchanges among plants are potentially important in promoting plant coexistence in nutrient-poor soils.

Low levels of ribosomal RNA partly account for the very high photosynthetic phosphorus‐use efficiency of P roteaceae species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-12-2013

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12240

Reassessing protocarnivory – how hungry are triggerplants?

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1071/BT18059

Abstract: Stylidium species (triggerplants) are claimed to be protocarnivorous based on the presence of glandular hairs, observations of trapped small organisms, and induction of proteinase activity. However, these traits might serve alternative functions. We aimed to re-assess and quantify the degree of carnivory for Stylidium species in an ecological context, by comparing the natural abundance (δ15N) of Stylidium species with co-occurring carnivorous (Drosera species) and non-carnivorous plants in their natural habitats. We hypothesised that the δ15N signature of Stylidium species would more closely match co-occurring carnivorous plant species than their non-carnivorous counterparts if they rely on captured organisms as a nutrient source, since there is an increase in fractionation by 3–5 ‰ per trophic level. Our results show that the Stylidium species s led had δ15N signatures that matched more closely with co-occurring non-carnivorous plants than with carnivorous Drosera species. This does not support the claim that they rely on captured organisms as a nitrogen source, or the source is negligible. Other studies have shown that protocarnivorous species have a δ15N signature that is more similar to that of co-occurring carnivorous than that of non-carnivorous species. Therefore, our findings question the protocarnivory status of Stylidium species.

The Role of the Alternative Oxidase in Stabilizing the in Vivo Reduction State of the Ubiquinone Pool and the Activation State of the Alternative Oxidase

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-1998

DOI: 10.1104/PP.118.2.599

Abstract: A possible function for the alternative (nonphosphorylating) pathway is to stabilize the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool (Qr/Qt), thereby avoiding an increase in free radical production. If the Qr/Qt were stabilized by the alternative pathway, then Qr/Qt should be less stable when the alternative pathway is blocked. Qr/Qtincreased when we exposed roots of Poa annua (L.) to increasing concentrations of KCN (an inhibitor of the cytochrome pathway). However, when salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, was added at the same time, Qr/Qt increased significantly more. Therefore, we conclude that the alternative pathway stabilizes Qr/Qt. Salicylhydroxamic acid increasingly inhibited respiration with increasing concentrations of KCN. In the experiments described here the alternative oxidase protein was invariably in its reduced (high-activity) state. Therefore, changes in the reduction state of the alternative oxidase cannot account for an increase in activity of the alternative pathway upon titration with KCN. The pyruvate concentration in intact roots increased only after the alternative pathway was blocked or the cytochrome pathway was severely inhibited. The significance of the pyruvate concentration and Qr/Qt on the activity of the alternative pathway in intact roots is discussed.

Intensified rainfall in the wet season alters the microbial contribution to soil carbon storage

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-03-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05389-2

Carbon and Nitrogen Economy of 24 Wild Species Differing in Relative Growth Rate

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-1990

DOI: 10.1104/PP.94.2.621

Desiccation tolerance implies costs to productivity but allows survival under extreme drought conditions in Velloziaceae species in campos rupestres

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVEXPBOT.2021.104556

Increasing nitrogen supply to phosphorus-deficient Medicago sativa decreases shoot growth and enhances root exudation of tartrate to discharge surplus carbon dependent on nitrogen form

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-09-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-05161-Y

Phosphorus: Back to the Roots

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-04-2015

DOI: 10.1002/9781118958841.CH1

NITROGEN-METABOLISM OF PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA AS DEPENDENT ON THE SUPPLY OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 1981

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1981.TB00884.X

In addition to foliar manganese concentration, both iron and zinc provide proxies for rhizosheath carboxylates in chickpea under low phosphorus supply

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-05-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-04988-9

Below‐ground‐mediated and phase‐dependent processes drive nitrogen‐evoked community changes in grasslands

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2020

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13415

Short‐term waterlogging has long‐term effects on the growth and physiology of wheat

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2002

DOI: 10.1046/J.0028-646X.2001.00318.X

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: key players in avoiding cadmium accumulation in food crops

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05802-W

Response of phosphorus dynamics to sewage sludge application in an agroecosystem in northern France

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.APSOIL.2019.02.017

Plant phosphorus-acquisition and -use strategies affect soil carbon cycling

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2021.06.005

Above- and below-ground interactions of grass and pasture legume species when grown together under drought and low phosphorus availability

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-03-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-011-0754-6

Root Architecture of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Trees in Relation to Post‐Mining Deep Ripping in Western Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1526-100X.2007.00294.X

The carboxylate composition of rhizosheath and root exudates from twelve species of grassland and crop legumes with special reference to the occurrence of citramalate

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-01-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-017-3534-0

Combining analyses of metabolite profiles and phosphorus fractions to explore high phosphorus utilization efficiency in maize

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 18-03-2022

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERAC117

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) limitation is a significant factor restricting crop production in agricultural systems, and enhancing the internal P utilization efficiency (PUE) of crops plays an important role in ensuring sustainable P use in agriculture. To better understand how P is remobilized to affect crop growth, we first screened P-efficient (B73 and GEMS50) and P-inefficient (Liao5114) maize genotypes at the same shoot P content, and then analyzed P pools and performed non-targeted metabolomic analyses to explore changes in cellular P fractions and metabolites in maize genotypes with contrasting PUE. We show that lipid P and nucleic acid P concentrations were significantly lower in lower leaves of P-efficient genotypes, and these P pools were remobilized to a major extent in P-efficient genotypes. Broad metabolic alterations were evident in leaves of P-efficient maize genotypes, particularly affecting products of phospholipid turnover and phosphorylated compounds, and the shikimate biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that P-efficient genotypes have a high capacity to remobilize lipid P and nucleic acid P and promote the shikimate pathway towards efficient P utilization in maize.

Root dynamics and survival in a nutrient-poor and species-rich woodland under a drying climate

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-07-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-017-3323-9

Interactive effects of nitrogen and irradiance on growth and partitioning of dry mass and nitrogen in young tomato plants

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1071/FP02087

Abstract: The interactive effects of irradiance and N on growth of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied. Plants were grown at 70 or 300 μmol photons m–2 s–1, hereafter referred to as 'low' and 'high' irradiance, and at a range of exponential N supply rates (70–370 mg g–1 d–1) or at a constant concentration in the nutrient solution of 12 mM NO3–. At both irradiance levels, leaf area ratio was more important than net assimilation rate (NAR) in explaining effects of N on growth at mild N limitation. However, at severe N limitation, NAR became the most important parameter, as indicated by calculated growth response coefficients. Furthermore, this study shows that N supply and growth irradiance interacted strongly. The decrease of specific leaf area with increasing N limitation and increasing growth irradiance correlated with increasing leaf dry mass percentage and starch concentration. Furthermore, at low irradiance, plants partitioned more dry mass to the stem. Dry mass partitioning to roots increased with decreasing plant N concentration, and this relation appeared to be independent of irradiance. Shading increased plant N concentration and decreased dry mass partitioning to roots. Also, the relationship between plant N concentration and N partitioning to different plant organs was largely independent of growth irradiance.

Belowground facilitation and trait matching: two or three to tango?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2021.07.014

Abstract: High bio ersity increases ecosystem functions however, belowground facilitation remains poorly understood in this context. Here, we explore mechanisms that operate via 'giving-receiving feedbacks' for belowground facilitation. These include direct effects via root exudates, signals, and root trait plasticity, and indirect biotic facilitation via the effects of root exudates on soil biota and feedback from biota to plants. We then highlight that these two- or three-way mechanisms must affect bio ersity-ecosystem function relationships via specific combinations of matching traits. To tango requires a powerful affinity and harmony between well-matched partners, and such matches link belowground facilitation to the effect of bio ersity on function. Such matching underpins applications in intercropping, forestry, and pasture systems, in which ersity contributes to greater productivity and sustainability.

Differences in nutrient foraging among Trifolium subterraneum cultivars deliver improved P-acquisition efficiency

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-01-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-017-3511-7

Growth and phosphorus nutrition of rice when inorganic fertiliser application is partly replaced by straw under varying moisture availability in sandy and clay soils

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-02-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-014-2049-1

Calcifuge and soil-indifferent Proteaceae from south-western Australia: novel strategies in a calcareous habitat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-09-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06297-9

Foliar phosphorus fractions reveal how tropical plants maintain photosynthetic rates despite low soil phosphorus availability

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-01-2019

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13252

The mechanisms and potentially positive effects of seven years of delayed and wetter wet seasons on nitrous oxide fluxes in a tropical monsoon forest

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.GEODERMA.2022.115740

Nitrogen deposition in low-phosphorus tropical forests benefits soil C sequestration but not stabilization

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2022.109761

Variation in nutrient-acquisition patterns by mycorrhizal fungi of rare and common orchids explains diversification in a global biodiversity hotspot

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 26-03-2013

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCT064

Are trade-offs in allocation pattern and root morphology related to species abundance? A congeneric comparison between rare and common species in the south-western Australian flora

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 31-01-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2745.2003.00738.X

Drought resistance at the seedling stage in the promising fodder plant tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1071/CP12216

Abstract: The perennial legume Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. var. albomarginata (tedera) has been identified as a promising fodder plant for the southern Australian wheatbelt, but little is known about its drought resistance as a seedling. This study was conducted to (i) examine physiological and morphological responses to water stress of seedlings of tedera, in comparison with lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) and Afghan melon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.), and (ii) investigate drought adaptation mechanisms of tedera seedlings. Seedlings were grown in a reconstructed field soil profile in pots in a glasshouse. By 25 days after sowing (DAS), plants of all species in the drought-stressed (DS) treatment had experienced water stress, with an average leaf relative water content (RWC) of 66% in DS compared with 79% in well-watered (WW) plants. Tedera, biserrula and Afghan melon maintained a higher RWC than lucerne. At 25 DAS, reductions in shoot dry matter in the DS treatment differed between species: 52% for Afghan melon, 36% for biserrula, 27% for lucerne, and no significant reduction for tedera. Paraheliotropic leaf angles of biserrula, lucerne and tedera were all higher in the DS treatment than in the WW treatment at 25, 32 and 52 DAS. This study revealed significant differences in rooting depth and stomatal conductance between the three legume species when under water stress, with tedera being the most drought-resistant. Traits that may allow tedera to survive a dry period following opening rains include vigorous seedling growth, early taproot elongation, effective stomatal control and paraheliotropic leaf movements.

Tissue and cellular phosphorus storage during development of phosphorus toxicity in Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae)

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-04-2004

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERH111

Enhanced phosphorus-fertilizer-use efficiency and sustainable phosphorus management with intercropping

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-08-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S13593-023-00916-6

Root positioning and trait shifts in Hibbertia racemosa as dependent on its neighbour's nutrient‐acquisition strategy

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 13-01-2021

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13991

Effect of respiratory homeostasis on plant growth in cultivars of wheat and rice

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-05-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2004.01191.X

Presymptomatic visualization of plant–virus interactions by thermography

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-1999

DOI: 10.1038/11765

Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA), produced by plants as a signal in defense against pathogens, induces metabolic heating mediated by alternative respiration in flowers of thermogenic plants, and, when exogenously applied, increases leaf temperature in nonthermogenic plants. We have postulated that the latter phenomenon would be detectable when SA is synthesized locally in plant leaves. Here, resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was monitored thermographically before any disease symptoms became visible on tobacco leaves. Spots of elevated temperature that were confined to the place of infection increased in intensity from 8 h before the onset of visible cell death, and remained detectable as a halo around the ongoing necrosis. Salicylic acid accumulates during the prenecrotic phase in TMV-infected tobacco and is known to induce stomatal closure in certain species. We show that the time course of SA accumulation correlates with the evolution of both localized thermal effect and stomatal closure. Since the contribution of leaf respiration is marginal, we concluded that the thermal effect results predominantly from localized, SA-induced stomatal closure. The presymptomatic temperature increase could be of general significance in incompatible plant-pathogen interactions.

Yield and water use of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in a Mediterranean environment: Cultivar differences and sowing density effects

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-1996

DOI: 10.1007/BF00012060

Mobilization of soil phosphate after 8 years of warming is linked to plant phosphorus‐acquisition strategies in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-10-2021

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15914

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is essential for productivity of alpine grassland ecosystems, which are sensitive to global warming. We tested the hypotheses that (1) mobilized ‘calcium‐bound inorganic P’ (Ca‐P i ) is a major source of plant‐available P in alpine meadows with alkaline soils after long‐term warming, (2) mobilization of Ca‐P i is linked to effective plant carboxylate‐releasing P‐acquisition strategies under warming, and (3) the mobilization is also related to plant nitrogen (N)‐acquisition. We conducted an 8‐year warming experiment in an alpine meadow (4635 m above sea level) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. A significant increase in P concentration in both aboveground and belowground biomass indicates an increased mobilization and assimilation of P by plants under warming. We observed a significant decrease in Ca‐P i , no change in moderately‐labile organic P, and an increase in highly resistant organic P after warming. There was no increase in phosphatase activities. Our results indicate that Ca‐P i , rather than organic P was the major source of plant‐available P for alpine meadows under warming. Higher leaf manganese concentrations of sedges and forbs after warming indicate that carboxylates released by these plants are a key mechanism of Ca‐P i mobilization. The insignificant increase in Rhizobiales after warming and the very small cover of legumes show a minor role of N‐acquisition strategies in solubilizing phosphate. The insignificant change in relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria related to P cycling after warming shows a small contribution of microorganisms to Ca‐P i mobilization. The significant increase in leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratio of grasses and no change in sedge leaf N:P ratio reflect distinct responses of plant nutrient status to warming due to differences in P‐acquisition strategies. We highlight the important effects of belowground P‐acquisition strategies, especially plant carboxylate‐releasing P‐acquisition strategies on responses of plants to global changes in alpine meadows.

Soil types select for plants with matching nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use traits in hyperdiverse and severely nutrient‐impoverished campos rupestres and cerrado in Central Brazil

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 31-12-2018

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13111

Complementary plant nutrient‐acquisition strategies promote growth of neighbour species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-03-2014

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12270

Calcicole–calcifuge plant strategies limit restoration potential in a regional semi‐arid flora

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.7544

Abstract: To examine calcicole and calcifuge plant strategies, as well as nutrient‐acquisition strategies, as drivers of the distribution of species in response to edaphic factors, and the degree to which these strategies may act as filters to species establishment in ecological restoration on heavily altered or reconstructed substrates. An 82,000‐ha area within a major mining province in the Mid‐West region of Western Australia, harboring vegetation communities ranging from species‐poor halophytic scrub on saline flats to dense bio erse shrubland on the skeletal soils of ancient Banded Ironstone Formations (BIF). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine how variation in soil chemistry and landscape position (undulating plains, slopes, and BIF crests and ridges) influenced patterns of floristic ersity, calcifuge plant strategies, and nutrient‐acquisition strategies in 538 plant species from 830 relevés. Landscape position was the strongest driver of species richness and vegetation functional composition. Soils became increasingly acidic and P‐impoverished along an increasing elevational gradient. Vegetation from different landscape positions was not compositionally dissimilar, but vegetation of BIF crests and ridges was up to twice as bio erse as vegetation from adjacent lower‐relief areas and harbored higher proportions of calcifuge species and species with mycorrhizal associations. Topographic and edaphic complexity of BIF landforms in an otherwise relatively homogenous landscape has likely facilitated species accumulation over long time periods. They represent musea of regional floristic bio ersity, excluding only species that cannot establish or are inferior competitors in heavily weathered, acidic, skeletal, and nutrient‐impoverished soils. Plant strategies likely represent a major filter in establishing bio erse, representative vegetation on postmining landforms in geologically ancient regions.

Phosphorus fractions in leaves

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-12-2023

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.18588

Abstract: Leaf phosphorus (P) comprises four major fractions: inorganic phosphate (P i ), nucleic acids, phospholipids, P‐containing metabolites and a residual fraction. In this review paper, we investigated whether allocation of P fractions varies among groups of terrestrial vascular plants, and is indicative of a species' strategy to use P efficiently. We found that as leaf total P concentration increases, the P i fraction increases the most, without a plateau, while other fractions plateau. Variability of the concentrations of leaf P fractions is greatest among families species(family) regions plant life forms. The percentage of total P allocated to nucleic acid‐P (20–35%) and lipid‐P (14–34%) varies less among families/species. High photosynthetic P‐use efficiency is associated with low concentrations of all P fractions, and preferential allocation of P to metabolite‐P and mesophyll cells. Sequential resorption of P from senescing leaves starts with P i , followed by metabolite‐P, and then other organic P fractions. Allocation of P to leaf P fractions varies with season. Leaf phytate concentrations vary considerably among species, associated with variation in photosynthesis and defence. Plasticity of P allocation to its fractions is important for acclimation to low soil P availability, and species‐specific P allocation is needed for co‐occurrence with other species.

A dynamic whole-plant model of integrated metabolism of nitrogen and carbon. 1. Comparative ecological implications of ammonium-nitrate interactions

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1023/A:1004779019486

Reduced root mycorrhizal colonization as affected by phosphorus fertilization is responsible for high cadmium accumulation in wheat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-07-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-021-05041-5

The effect of light intensity and relative humidity on growth rate and root respiration of Plantago lanceolata and Zea mays

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 12-1980

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/31.6.1621

Effects of pH and bicarbonate on the nutrient status and growth of three Lupinus species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-02-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-019-03980-8

Organ-specific phosphorus-allocation patterns and transcript profiles linked to phosphorus efficiency in two contrasting wheat genotypes

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-11-2014

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12210

Abstract: Recent studies have identified genotypic variation in phosphorus (P) efficiency, but rarely have the underlying mechanisms been described at the molecular level. We demonstrate that the highly P-efficient wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chinese 80-55 maintains higher inorganic phosphate (Pi ) concentrations in all organs upon Pi withdrawal in combination with higher Pi acquisition in the presence of Pi when compared with the less-efficient cultivar Machete. These findings correlated with differential organ-specific expression of Pi transporters TaPHT1 , TaPHT1 , TaPHT1 , TaPHT2 and H(+) -ATPase TaHa1. Observed transcript level differences between the cultivars suggest that higher de novo phospholipid biosynthetic activities in Pi -limited elongating basal leaf sections are another crucial adaptation in Chinese 80-55 for sustaining growth upon Pi withdrawal. These activities may be supported through enhanced breakdown of starch in Chinese 80-55 stems as suggested by higher TaGPho1 transcript levels. Chinese 80-55 fine roots on the other hand show strong suppression of transcripts involved in glycolysis, transcriptional regulation and ribosomal activities. Our work reveals major differences in the way the two contrasting cultivars allocate Pi and organic P compounds between source and sink tissues and in the acclimation of their metabolism to changes in Pi availability.

Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization in Plants

Publisher: Annual Reviews

Date: 20-05-2022

DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ARPLANT-102720-125738

Abstract: Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate information from different disciplines. When soil P availability is very low, P-mobilizing strategies are more effective than mycorrhizal strategies. Soil parameters largely determine how much P roots can acquire from P-impoverished soil, and kinetic properties of P transporters are less important. Changes in the expression of P transporters avoid P toxicity. Plants vary widely in photosynthetic P-use efficiency, photosynthesis per unit leaf P. The challenge is to discover what the trade-offs are of different patterns of investment in P fractions. Less investment may save P, but are costs incurred? Are these costs acceptable for crops? These questions can be resolved only by the concerted action of scientists working at both molecular and physiological levels, rather than pursuing these problems independently.

Structure and functioning of cluster roots and plant responses to phosphate deficiency

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1023/A:1025561812696

Shallow-soil endemics: adaptive advantages and constraints of a specialized root-system morphology

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-01-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2007.02370.X