ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8371-273X
Current Organisations
University of Lincoln
,
University of South Australia
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Psychology | Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety | Industrial and Organisational Psychology | Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, |
Behavioural and cognitive sciences | Mental Health | Occupational Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2022.02.004
Abstract: To examine whether the association previously reported between mobile phone use at night and poor sleep in adolescents also generalizes to pre-adolescent children. Cross sectional. Database provided by Resilient Youth Australia Pty Ltd. Survey completed by 84,915 pre-adolescent (8-11 years), 99,680 early adolescent (12-14 years) and 67,600 late adolescent Australian children (15-18 years). Children were asked how frequently they obtained 8 hours of sleep on most nights and if they used their mobile phone at night to send and receive messages between 10 PM and 6 AM. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between mobile phone use at night and sleeping 8h or more on most nights with gender, socioeconomic status and year of study (2014-2018) as covariates. For all age cohorts including pre-adolescent children, mobile phone use at night was associated with lower odds of obtaining 8 hours of sleep on most nights. The present findings confirm that the association between mobile phone use at night and poor sleep previously reported in adolescent children also generalises to pre-adolescent children. Given the increased uptake of smartphone devices in ever younger children the findings point to the need to provide parents, schools and communities with resources to promote child sleep hygiene and media use at bedtime.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJPY.12227
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2005.01.043
Abstract: To compare neuropsychological and psychosocial function in children with a history of snoring, children with a history of behavioral sleep problems (BSP), children with both a history of snoring and BSP, and a group of control subjects. Families awaiting consultation for "sick" visits in 5 general practice clinics completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. A subset of children were categorized into groups: Snorers (n = 11), BSP (n = 13), Snorers+BSP (n = 9), and controls (n = 31). Children underwent psychological (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Children's Memory Scale Test of Everyday Attention and Auditory Continuous Performance Test) and psychosocial assessment (Child Behavior Checklist). With analysis of variance, it was revealed that, compared with children in the BSP and control groups, those in the Snorers+BSP and Snorers groups showed reduced intelligence and attention scores. By contrast, compared with children in the Snorers and control groups, children in the Snorers+BSP and BSP groups reported reduced social competency, increased problematic behavior, and reduced memory scores. Children in the combination of Snorers+BSP group showed more deficits than children in all other groups. In children, snoring and BSP, separately and together, are associated with impaired neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning. Furthermore, snoring and BSP are related to performance in disparate ways. Snoring was associated with intelligence and attention deficits, whereas BSP was associated with memory and behavioral deficits.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-01-2018
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1430037
Abstract: Studies suggest that there may be an association between sleep and growth however, the relationship is not well understood. Changes in biology and external factors such as school schedule heavily impact the sleep of adolescents, during a critical phase for growth. This study assessed the changes in sleep across school days, weekends and school holidays, while also measuring height and weight changes, and self-reported alterations in food intake and physical activity. The impact of morningness-eveningness (M-E) on height change and weight gain was also investigated. In a s le of 63 adolescents (mean age = 13.13, SD = 0.33, 31 males) from two independent schools in South Australia, height and weight were measured weekly for 4 weeks prior to the school holidays and 4 weeks after the school holidays. Participants also completed a Morningness/Eveningness Scale and 7-day sleep, diet and physical activity diaries prior to, during and after the school holidays. Participants at one school had earlier wake times during the weekends than participants attending the other school, leading to a significantly shorter sleep duration on weekends for those participants. Regardless of school, sleep was significantly later and longer during the holidays (p < 0.001) and those with a stronger morning preference fell asleep (F
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Date: 02-2020
Abstract: It remains uncertain whether treatment with adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children improves cognitive function. The Preschool Obstructive Sleep Apnea Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy study was a prospective randomized controlled study in which researchers evaluated outcomes 12 months after adenotonsillectomy compared with no surgery in preschool children symptomatic for obstructive sleep apnea. A total of 190 children (age 3–5 years) were randomly assigned to early adenotonsillectomy (within 2 months) or to routine wait lists (12-month wait, no adenotonsillectomy [NoAT]). Baseline and 12-month assessments included cognitive and behavioral testing, medical assessment, polysomnography, and audiology. The primary outcome was global IQ at 12-month follow-up, measured by the Woodcock Johnson III Brief Intellectual Ability (BIA). Questionnaires included the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, Parent Rating Scale of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children–II, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Preschool Version. A total of 141 children (75.8%) attended baseline and 12-month assessments, and BIA was obtained at baseline and 12-month follow-up for 61 and 60 participants in the adenotonsillectomy versus NoAT groups, respectively. No cognitive gain was found after adenotonsillectomy compared with NoAT, adjusted for baseline BIA scores at 12-month follow-up were as follows: adenotonsillectomy, 465.46 (17.9) versus NoAT, 463.12 (16.6) (mean [SD]). Improvements were seen for polysomnogram arousals and apnea indices and for parent reports of symptoms (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire), behavior (Behavior Assessment System for Children behavioral symptoms, P = .04), overall health, and daytime napping. Structured testing showed no treatment-attributable improvement in cognitive functioning of preschool children 12 months after adenotonsillectomy compared with NoAT. Improvements were seen after adenotonsillectomy in sleep and behavior by using polysomnogram monitoring and parental questionnaires.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2011.03.023
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the influence of snoring and sleep duration on developmental outcomes in 6 month old infants. As part of a longitudinal study of snoring in infancy, we identified 16 children (13 males) who commenced snoring shortly after birth and continued to snore frequently (≥ 3 nights/week) at 6 months of age and 88 healthy infant controls who were reported never to snore in the absence of a cold (36 males). Infants were assessed at 6 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Edition III, and parents completed demographic, sleep, and developmental surveys. Cognitive development was reduced in infants who snored frequently (mean=95.3 SD=4.3) from the first month of life compared to control infants (mean=100.6 SD=3.9) (F [1, 99]=23.8, p<.01 η(p)(2)=.21). Snoring during the first 6 months of life was associated with lower cognitive development scores. It is unknown whether these infants will continue to snore through childhood and, if so, whether the associated neurocognitive deficits will become worse with time.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2023
DOI: 10.1111/CAMH.12616
Abstract: In adolescents, technology use at bedtime is linked to disrupted sleep and psychological distress. Adolescents are known to sleep later on weekends compared to weekdays but whether this leads to greater technology use, and, hence, additional psychological distress is not known. At greater risk maybe adolescents with a late compared to early chronotype, that is a preference for late versus early sleep onset and offset times. Self‐reported measures of sleep timing, chronotype (early, neither early nor late, late), technology medium (social media/texting, TV/streaming, and gaming), and psychological distress (DASS‐21) were collected from 462 students attending one Australian high school. Technology use at bedtime was greater on weekends and especially in adolescents with a late chronotype. Social media/texting on weekends was predictive of delayed sleep onset times (β = .120), and shorter sleep (β = −.172). Shorter sleep on weekdays but not on weekends was associated with greater psychological distress. Technology medium and chronotype were not predictive of psychological distress. This study confirmed that technology use and its impact on sleep differed on weekdays compared to weekends and that a late chronotype was associated with greater technology use. However, neither technology medium nor chronotype was found to affect psychological distress. While greater autonomy may be granted to adolescents over the weekend regarding sleep behaviour, young people, parents, and clinicians should be mindful of the link between technology use and sleep.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JOOP.12069
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12290
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1526-4610.2009.01545.X
Abstract: To examine effects of stress on noxious inhibition and temporal summation (TS) in tension-type headache. Stress is the most commonly reported trigger of a chronic tension-type headache (CTH) episode however, the mechanisms underlying this are unclear. Stress affects pain processing throughout the central nervous system, including, potentially, mechanisms of TS and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), both of which may be abnormal in CTH sufferers (CTH-S). No studies have examined TS of pressure pain or DNIC of TS in CTH-S to date. Similarly, effects of stress on TS or DNIC of TS have not been reported in healthy subjects or CTH-S to date. The present study measured TS and DNIC of TS in CTH-S and healthy controls (CNT) exposed to an hour-long stressful mental task, and in CTH-S exposed to an hour-long neutral condition. TS was elicited at finger and shoulder via 10 pulses from a pressure algometer, applied before and during stimulation from an occlusion cuff at painful intensity. Algometer pain ratings increased more in the CTH compared with the CNT group, and were inhibited during occlusion cuff more in the CNT compared with CTH groups. Task effects on TS or DNIC were not significant. The results indicate increased TS to pressure pain and impaired DNIC of TS in CTH-S. Stress does not appear to aggravate abnormal TS or DNIC mechanisms in CTH-S.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-04-2010
Abstract: Stress is widely demonstrated as a contributing factor in tension-type headache (TTH). The mechanisms underlying this remain unclear at present. Recent research indicates the importance of central pain processes in tension-type headache (TTH) pathophysiology. Concurrently, research with animals and healthy humans has begun to elucidate the relationship between stress and pain processing in the central nervous system, including central pain processes putatively dysfunctional in TTH. Combined, these two fields of research present new insights and hypotheses into possible mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive review of this literature. The present paper provides such a review, which may be valuable in facilitating a broader understanding of the central mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11325-013-0897-1
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the construct validity and clinical application of the Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument (PSSI) as a tool to screen for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children. Polysomnography (PSG) outcomes and PSSI subscale scores were compared between a clinical cohort (N = 87, 5-10 years, 62 M/25 F) and a nonsnoring community s le (N = 55, 5-10 years, 28 M/27 F). Group comparisons assessed the ability of the PSSI subscales to discriminate between the clinical and community cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed construct validity, with the Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) >5 events/h, OSA-18 score >60, and Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) above the 70th percentile as the target references. The clinical group had more respiratory events, respiratory-related arousals, fragmented sleep, and lower oxygen saturation nadir than the community group (p < 0.001 for all). PSSI subscale scores of Morning Tiredness, Night Arousals, SDB, and Restless Sleep were higher (p 5 events/h (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.7), an OSA-18 score >60 (AUC = 0.7), and a PDSS score in the 70th percentile (AUC = 0.8). The Morning Tiredness subscale accurately predicted a PDSS score in the 70th percentile (AUC = 0.8). A cutoff score of 5 on the SDB subscale showed a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.76, correctly identifying 77 and 100 % of the clinical and community cohorts, respectively. The PSSI Sleep Disordered Breathing subscale is a valid tool for screening SDB and daytime sleepiness in children aged 5-10 years.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 11-08-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.07.503118
Abstract: Current assessment of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) requires subjective measurements such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and/or resource intensive sleep laboratory investigations. Recent work 1,2 has called for more non-performance-based measures of EDS. One promising non-performance-based measure of EDS is the aperiodic component of electroencephalography (EEG). Aperiodic (non-oscillatory) activity reflects excitation/inhibition ratios of neural populations and is altered in various states of consciousness, and thus may be a potential biomarker of hypersomnolence. We retrospectively analysed EEG data from patients who underwent a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and determined whether aperiodic neural activity is predictive of EDS. Participants having undergone laboratory polysomnogram and next day MSLT were grouped into MSLT+ ( n = 26) and MSLT– ( n = 33) groups (mean sleep latency of 8min and 10min, respectively) and compared against a non-clinical (Control) group of participants ( n = 26). While the MSLT+ and MSLT– groups did not differ in their aperiodic activity, the Control group had a significantly flatter slope and larger offset compared to both MSLT+ and MSLT– groups. Logistic regression machine learning predicted group status (i.e., symptomatic, non-symptomatic) with 90% accuracy based on the aperiodic slope while controlling for age. Slow oscillation-spindle coupling was also significantly stronger in the Control group relative to MSLT+ and MSLT– groups. Our results provide first evidence that aperiodic neural dynamics and sleep-based cross-frequency coupling is predictive of EDS, thereby providing a novel avenue for basic and applied research in the study of sleepiness.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.2006.04011.X
Abstract: This paper reports a study of the relationship between age, domestic responsibilities (being partnered and having dependents), recovery from shiftwork-related fatigue and the evolution of maladaptive health outcomes among full-time working female nurses. Several studies have suggested that full-time working women with family responsibilities are at greater risk of developing work-related fatigue problems than single women without these responsibilities. A questionnaire was distributed in 2004 to 2400 nurses at two hospitals in Australia, and 1280 responses were obtained (response rate 54%). The data from a purposive s le of 846 full-time working nurses are reported here. Domestic responsibilities were not related to differences in fatigue and recovery. Our results suggested that for full-time shiftworking nurses, being part of a family structure, may actually be protective against the development of maladaptive fatigue. The most important factor determining maladaptive fatigue outcome was shift pattern worked, particularly rotation including night duty. The effect of age was equivocal. The youngest age group reported the highest fatigue and poorest recovery compared to the oldest group, who reported the best characteristics. However, this latter group may represent a particularly well-adapted 'survivor cohort'. The relationship between age and fatigue was partly confounded by older, experienced, nurses with greater job responsibilities, working fewer multiple shifts including night duty. In general, increasing age was not associated with poorer recovery or higher maladaptive fatigue. Unpredictable internal shift rotations, including night duty, which are traditional and typical in nursing, are inimical to maintaining nurses' health. More creative approaches to rostering for nurses working multiple shifts are a necessary step towards reducing wastage from the profession due to chronic work-related fatigue. Younger nurses in particular, may need more support than is currently recognized if they are to be retained within the profession.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.3109/07420529209064548
Abstract: Both the constant routine (CR) and the dim light melatonin onset have been suggested as reliable methods to determine circadian phase from a single circadian cycle. However, both techniques lack published studies quantifying the intercycle variability in their phase resolution. To address this question eight healthy male subjects participated in two CRs, 7 days apart. Circadian phase was determined using 3-min s les of core body temperature and two hourly urinary sulphatoxy melatonin excretion rates. Phase and litude were estimated using simple (24 h) and complex (24 + 12 h) cosinor models of temperature data and the onset, offset, and a distance-weighted-least-squares (DWLS) fitted acrophase for the melatonin metabolite. The variability in phase estimates was measured using the mean absolute difference between successive CRs. Using the simple 24 h model of temperature data, the mean absolute phase difference was 51 min (SD = 35 min). Using the complex model, the mean absolute phase difference was 62 min (SD = 35 min). Using the DWLS fitted acrophase for the melatonin metabolite, the mean absolute phase difference between CR1 and CR2 was 40 min (SD = 26 min). The results indicate that for CRs a week apart, the mean absolute difference in an in idual's phase estimate can vary by 40-60 min depending on the choice of dependent measure and analytic technique. In contrast to the intrain idual variability, the group results showed considerably less variability. The mean algebraic difference between CRs, using temperature- or melatonin-derived estimates, was less than 5 min, and well within the range of normal measurement error.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-2982.2009.01917.X
Abstract: Stress is the most commonly reported trigger of an episode of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) however, the causal significance has not been experimentally demonstrated to date. Stress may trigger CTTH through hyperalgesic effects on already sensitized pain pathways in CTTH sufferers. This hypothesis could be partially tested by examining pain sensitivity in an experimental model of stress-induced headache in CTTH sufferers. Such examinations have not been reported to date. We measured pericranial muscle tenderness and pain thresholds at the finger, head and shoulder in 23 CTTH sufferers (CTH-S) and 25 healthy control subjects (CNT) exposed to an hour-long stressful mental task, and in 23 CTTH sufferers exposed to an hour-long neutral condition (CTH-N). Headache developed in 91% of CTH-S, 4% of CNT, and 17% of CTH-N subjects. Headache sufferers had increased muscle tenderness and reduced pain thresholds compared with healthy controls. During the task, muscle tenderness increased and pain thresholds decreased in the CTH-S group compared with CTH-N and CNT groups. Pre-task muscle tenderness and reduction in pain threshold during task were predictive of the development and intensity of headache following task. The main findings are that stress induced a headache in CTTH sufferers, and this was associated with pre-task muscle tenderness and stress-induced reduction in pain thresholds. The results support the hypothesis that stress triggers CTTH through hyperalgesic effects on already increased pain sensitivity in CTTH sufferers, reducing the threshold to noxious input from pericranial structures.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.2147/CPT.S33147
Publisher: Omnia Publisher SL
Date: 29-06-2020
DOI: 10.3926/JAIRM.156
Abstract: Purpose: Disruptive airline passenger behaviour (DAPB), i.e. “air rage”, has an adverse impact on crew and passenger well-being and is costly to manage and prevent. Given recent changes in airport management, aircraft design, air traffic volume and behavioural norms this review summaries research findings 1985-2020.Methodology: A systematic review of the research literature containing qualitative or quantitative data examining DAPB. Findings: Nineteen articles satisfied the criteria for inclusion. Most studies involved surveys of cabin crew members and to a lesser extent pilots, airline representatives, passengers and business customers. Content primarily focussed on the frequency and characteristics of DAPB, whilst consequences for staff and evaluation of training to manage DAPB was less represented. A paucity of current research was noted which is not in keeping with the changes over the last decade in the aviation industry and the increase in DAPB events.Originality: This study presents a summary of current findings on DAPB.Practical Implications: A better understanding of the environmental, social and psychological factors underlying DAPB and the effectiveness of staff training and interventions that promote a safe travel environment are required.Social Implications: The current industry trend toward sustainability and better management of security challenges must extend its focus to DAPB, in order to reverse the recent trend of social irresponsibility in air travellers.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 27-08-2019
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore older people’s intention to relocate from their primary homes. The study also seeks to understand the policy implications that such intentions may have. This study employs a survey-based design via computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI). The CATI survey was employed to gather information on the behaviour of older people and whether differences exist by gender, age, health immigration status and financial knowledge. The survey-based design is triangulated with the literature on this topic area and policy issues. The findings of the study suggest amongst others, that older South Australians overwhelmingly and significantly do not intend to move from their primary home and are content to age in place. This is particularly true as people reach the older stages of life. The study enhances the understanding of the decision-making environment that older people are exposed to in contemplating relocation from the primary home. More specifically, it shows that factors stated in the literature that deemed to be of importance in the decision to relocate, has no significance in this study and that ageing in place should be used as a policy base.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2016.06.011
Abstract: Successful sleep onset and maintenance is associated with a reduction in core temperature, facilitated by heat loss at the distal periphery. Problems with initiating and maintaining sleep in children with eczema may relate to impaired thermoregulatory mechanisms, which also contribute to itching and scratching. Our hypothesis was that nocturnal distal skin temperature in eczematous children would be lower than controls, and would also be related to poor sleep quality. We compared overnight polysomnography and distal (finger) and proximal (clavicle) skin temperature in 18 children with eczema and 15 controls (6-16 years). Children with eczema had longer periods of nocturnal wakefulness (mean [SD] = 88.8 [25.8] vs. 44.3 [35.6] min) and lower distal temperatures (34.1 [0.6] °C vs. 34.7 [0.4] °C) than controls, whereas proximal temperature and the distal-proximal gradient were not significantly different. In children with eczema, a higher distal temperature was associated with indicators of poor sleep quality, whereas lower distal temperature was related to more scratching events during sleep. In conclusion, our findings indicate complex interrelationships among eczema, thermoregulation and sleep, and further, that deficits in thermoregulatory mechanisms may contribute to sleep disturbances in children with eczema.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.GENE.2013.04.018
Abstract: Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental cellular process intimately linked to cell growth and proliferation, which is upregulated in most of cancers especially in aggressive cancers. In breast and prostate cancers steroid hormone receptor signalling is the principal stimulus for cancer growth and progression. Here we investigated the link between estrogen and androgen receptor signalling and the initial stage of ribosome biogenesis - transcription of rRNA genes. We have discovered that oestrogen or androgen treatment can positively regulate rRNA synthesis in breast and prostate cancer cells respectively and that this effect is receptor dependent. This novel and interesting finding suggests a previously unidentified link between steroid hormone receptor signalling pathways and the regulation of ribosome biogenesis.
Publisher: National Institute of Industrial Health
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.2486/INDHEALTH.2022-0078
Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of employees in flexible work from home has increased markedly along with a reliance on information communication technologies. This study investigated the role of an organisational factor, psychosocial safety climate (PSC the climate for worker psychological health and safety), as an antecedent of these new kinds of demands (specifically work from home digital job demands) and their effect on work-life conflict. Data were gathered via an online survey of 2,191 employees from 37 Australian universities. Multilevel modelling showed that university level PSC to demands, y=-0.09, SE=0.03, p<0.01, and demands to work-life conflict, y=0.51, SE=0.19, p<0.05, relationships were significant. Supporting the antecedent theory, university level PSC was significantly indirectly related to work-life conflict via demands (LL -0.10 UL -0.01). Against expectations PSC did not moderate the demand to work-life conflict relationship. The results imply that targeting PSC could help prevent work from home digital job demands, and therefore, work-life conflict. Further research is needed on the role of digital job resources as flexible and hybrid work takes hold post COVID.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2869.2008.00716.X
Abstract: The impact of sleep restriction on sustained attention in children has not been well quantified. To address this shortcoming, this study tested the sensitivity of a 5-min personal digital assistant-psychomotor vigilance task (PDA-PVT) to sleep restriction in 14 female children [mean (SD) age = 10.6 +/- 0.3 years]. The children underwent PDA-PVT trials at regular intervals both before and after a sleep restriction (5 h time-in-bed) and a control (10 h time-in-bed) condition. Sleep restriction was associated with longer mean response times and increased number of lapses. These results are consistent with findings in the adult literature suggesting an association between inadequate sleep and impaired functioning. In conclusion, the 5-min PDA-PVT is sensitive to sleep restriction in pre-adolescent female children supporting the utility of the PDA-PVT for examining the impact of sleep deprivation on daytime functioning in children.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-11-2022
DOI: 10.1177/26350106221137896
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between objective and self-report measures of sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This study examines data on Australian adults, collected as part of the Child Health CheckPoint study. Sleep was examined in terms of actigraphy-derived sleep duration, timing, efficiency and variability and self-report trouble sleeping. Cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes were examined in terms of body mass index and biomarkers of inflammation and dyslipidemia. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for geographic clustering, were used to determine the association between measures of sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors. Complete case analysis was conducted for 1017 parents (87% mothers). Both objective and self-report measures of sleep were significantly but weakly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Both objective and self-report measures of sleep are significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Self-report troubled sleep is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health, independent of actigraphy-derived sleep parameters.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NN.4604
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2006.11.018
Abstract: A causal relationship between declining nocturnal core temperature, increasing peripheral temperature, and sleep onset has been reported. The exact trigger for these thermoregulatory changes around sleep onset, however, is unknown. Our aim was to examine one possible trigger: prior knowledge of bedtime. Fourteen young, healthy male subjects (mean age+/-sem: 21.9+/-0.6 years), participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study, where knowledge of bedtime was manipulated. Following a baseline night, subjects completed three experimental nights: (A) aware of bedtime (B) no knowledge of bedtime (C) misinformed about bedtime. In all conditions lights were turned off at each subject's habitual bedtime (determined from sleep diaries), to in idually standardize the time of lights off. Polysomnography, rectal and peripheral (foot) temperatures were recorded continuously on each night. There was no significant difference in the time of sleep onset among conditions (mean+/-s.d.: 11:55 h+/-0.73 min), and in all conditions sleep onset occurred at the same rectal temperature. A significant difference in the temperature gradient between rectal and peripheral temperatures among the conditions was evident from 90 min to 40 min prior to sleep onset (P=0.05), with subjects achieving a more rapid rate of temperature change in the B and C condition relative to condition A. The present findings suggest that knowledge of bedtime may modulate changes in temperature around the time of sleep onset. It appears that there is an optimal core body temperature at which to initiate sleep, and changes in the rate of peripheral heat loss may assist in achieving this optimal temperature, and hence facilitate sleep onset.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2013.01.006
Abstract: Sleep disruption in childhood is associated with clearly defined deficits in neurocognition and behaviour. Childhood eczema is also a potent cause of sleep disruption though it is unknown whether it too results in neurocognitive deficits. To test this hypothesis, neurocognitive (WISC-IV), parental-reported sleep quality (Sleep Disturbance Scale of Children (SDSC)) and overnight polysomnographic (PSG) data were collected in 21 children with eczema and 20 healthy controls (age range 6-16 years). Children with eczema had worse sleep quality on both PSG (notably increased nocturnal wakefulness, a higher number of stage shifts and a longer latency to REM onset) and parental report. In addition, they demonstrated significant neurocognitive deficits (especially verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and to a lesser extent working memory) with a composite Full Scale IQ 16 points lower than controls. Parental reported sleep problems but not PSG parameters were correlated with reduced neurocognitive performance. However, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that eczema status was predictive while sleep fragmentation (parental or PSG) was not predictive of neurocognitive performance. As this is the first study to systematically examine neurocognitive functioning in children with eczema and given the finding of significant deficits it merits replication especially given the prevalence of the condition. The unanswered question is whether these cognitive deficits normalise with effective eczema treatment and if this is mediated by improvements in sleep architecture.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2020
Publisher: Common Ground Research Networks
Date: 2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-02-2015
Abstract: Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is a tool widely used to measure arterial responsiveness to sheer stress. However, there is scant literature to show how the peripheral arterial response changes as the vascular system matures. One reason for this is that the feasibility of measuring FMD in younger children has not been established. The aim of the present study was to assess brachial artery function at rest and during the FMD response after 4 min ischaemia of the forearm in children aged 6-15 years. Time to reach maximum FMD (FMDmax ) was found to be correlated with age (r = 0.4, P < 0.05), resting brachial artery diameter (r = 0.4, P < 0.05), height (r = 0.4, P < 0.05), body mass index (BMI r = 0.45, P < 0.05), body surface area (r = 0.44, P < 0.05) and resting blood flow (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the traditional FMD response at 60 s or FMD maximal dilation and age, resting brachial artery diameter, height, weight, BMI, body surface area and resting blood flow. In conclusion, the time taken to reach the maximal dilation response is related to age, brachial artery luminal diameter and body habitus, but not the traditional measure of FMD response at 60 s or the maximal dilatation percentage.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CONCOG.2017.07.004
Abstract: Cognitive control processes influence how motor sequence information is utilised and represented. Since cognitive control processes are shared amongst goal-oriented tasks, motor sequence learning and performance might be influenced by preceding cognitive tasks such as focused-attention meditation (FAM). Prior to a serial reaction time task (SRTT), participants completed either a single-session of FAM, a single-session of FAM followed by delay (FAM+) or no meditation (CONTROL). Relative to CONTROL, FAM benefitted performance in early, random-ordered blocks. However, across subsequent sequence learning blocks, FAM+ supported the highest levels of performance improvement resulting in superior performance at the end of the SRTT. Performance following FAM+ demonstrated greater reliance on embedded sequence structures than FAM. These findings illustrate that increased top-down control immediately after FAM biases the implementation of stimulus-based planning. Introduction of a delay following FAM relaxes top-down control allowing for implementation of response-based planning resulting in sequence learning benefits.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANAI.2022.05.008
Abstract: It is not clear which allergic disease is most strongly related to which sleep problem and whether sleep problems may mediate the association between allergic disease and psychological distress. There is also a need for more community-based studies using nonreferred s les. To evaluate the association between in idual allergic diseases and sleep problems and test whether the association between allergic disease and psychological distress is mediated through sleep problems. Parents of 1449 Australian children aged 6 to 10 years recruited from the general community, completed measures of sleep problems (Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument), psychological distress (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and frequency of allergic diseases. Sleep and psychological distress scores were in the reference range. After controlling for coexisting allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis was associated with sleep routine problems, morning tiredness, night arousals, sleep disordered breathing and restless sleep asthma with sleep routine problems, sleep disordered breathing and restless sleep and eczema with restless sleep. Path analyses revealed that sleep problems mediated the association between asthma and allergic rhinitis but not eczema with psychological distress. In this nonreferred community s le, the frequency of sleep problems and psychological distress was lower than that typically reported in children referred to specialized centers. However, allergic rhinitis was associated with a broad range of sleep problems and to a lesser extent in children with asthma and least in children with eczema. Path analysis revealed that the association between allergic disease and psychological distress was mediated through sleep problems, highlighting the importance of assessing sleep health in children with allergic disease.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S6934
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-03-2004
DOI: 10.1002/PPUL.10453
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been associated with reduced neurocognitive performance in children, but the underlying etiology is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypoxemia, respiratory arousals, and neurocognitive performance in snoring children referred for adenotonsillectomy. Thirteen snoring children who were referred for evaluation regarding the need for adenotonsillectomy to a children's hospital otolaryngology/respiratory department underwent detailed neurocognitive and polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation. PSGs were evaluated for respiratory abnormalities and compared with 13 nonsnoring control children of similar age who were studied in the same manner. The snoring children had an obstructive respiratory disturbance index within normal range (mean obstructive apnea/hypopnea index, 0.6/hr). Despite this, several domains of neurocognitive function were reduced in the snoring group. These included mean verbal IQ scores (snorers 92.6 vs. nonsnorers 110.2, P < 0.001), mean global IQ scores (snorers 96.7 vs. nonsnorers 110.2, P < 0.005), mean selective attention scores (snorers 46.4 vs. nonsnorers 11.8, P or = 3%, obstructive hypopneas with > or = 3% oxygen desaturations, and respiratory arousals and severity of neurocognitive deficits, with the greatest effect being on memory scores. The disruption of sleep in snoring children produced by relatively mild changes in oxygen saturation or by increases in respiratory arousals may have a greater effect on neurocognitive function than hitherto appreciated. A possible explanation for these neurocognitive deficits may be the combination of the chronicity of sleep disruption secondary to snoring which is occurring at a time of rapid neurological development in the first decade of life. Future studies need to confirm the reversal of these relatively mild neurocognitive decrements post adenotonsillectomy.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTPSY.2018.09.003
Abstract: Motor sequence learning is considered the result of the outflow of information following cognitive control processes that are shared by other goal-directed behaviours. Emerging evidence suggests that focused-attention meditation (FAM) establishes states of enhanced cognitive control, that then exert top-down control biases in subsequent unrelated tasks. With respect to sequence learning, a single-session of FAM has been shown to entrain stimulus-dependent forms of sequential behaviour in meditation naïve in iduals. In the present experiment, we compared single-session effects of FAM and a computerised attention task (CAT) to test if FAM-induced enhanced top-down control is generally comparable to cognitive tasks that require focused attention. We also investigated if effort, arousal or pleasure associated with FAM, or CAT explained the influence of these tasks on sequence learning. Relative to a rest-only control condition, both FAM and CAT resulted in shorter reaction time (RT) in a serial reaction time task (SRTT), and this enhanced RT performance was associated with higher reliance on stimulus-based planning as opposed to sequence representation formation. However, following FAM, a greater rate of improvement in RT performance was observed in comparison to both CAT and control conditions. Neither effort, arousal nor pleasure associated with FAM or CAT explained SRTT performance. These findings were interpreted to suggest that the effect of FAM states on increased top-down control during sequence learning is based on the focused attention control feature of this meditation. FAM states might be associated with enhanced cognitive control to promote the development of more efficient stimulus-response processing in comparison to states induced by other attentional tasks.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 13-07-2022
DOI: 10.1071/PY21080
Abstract: The home care package (HCP) scheme provides funds to eligible older Australians for social, personal and clinical care services, and aims to assist people to age in-home. Uncorroborated evidence suggests older Australians rely on health professionals – especially general practitioners – to prompt HCP assessments, choose service providers and manage HCP funds thereafter. This was confirmed in a survey involving 502 older Australians aged years receiving HCP funds. As more Australians survive to older age, further research is needed to establish with general practitioners their needs regarding the delivery of in-home care information, clinic practice resources, trainee education and continuing professional development.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2016.06.024
Abstract: Few studies have examined self-reported sleepwalking in older adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of sleepwalking in a one-month self-report period in Australian adolescents. Participants were 532 Australian adolescents in their final two years of secondary school. The prevalence of sleepwalking in the one-month self-report period was 2.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-4.33) in this s le-1% reported sleepwalking at least once a week in the previous month. A significant proportion (17.5%) of the participants was unsure if they had sleepwalked. The results provide data on the self-reported prevalence rate of sleepwalking in older adolescents. Compared with the population data, this rate falls within the confidence intervals of child and adult prevalence rates of sleepwalking and is consistent with a decline in sleepwalking from childhood and adulthood. Further research is needed to explore how adolescents know they sleepwalk to understand the reliability of self-report measures.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.1177/074873002129002582
Abstract: Preliminary work in humans suggests that extraocular light can shift circadian phase. If confirmed, extraocular light may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of circadian-related sleep disorders with the advantage over ocular exposure that it can be administered while subjects are asleep. In sleeping subjects, however, the effect of extraocular light exposure on circadian phase has yet to be fully tested. Likewise, there is limited data on the acute effects of extraocular light on sleep and body temperature that may influence its clinical utility. Thirteen subjects [3F, 10M mean (SD) age = 22.1 (3.0)y] participated in a protocol that totaled 7 nights in the laboratory consisting of a screening phase measurement night followed 1 week later by two counterbalanced experimental sessions each of 3 consecutive nights (habituation, treatment, and posttreatment phase measurement night) separated by 4 days. Saliva was collected for melatonin measurement every half hour from 1800 to 0300 h on the screening night and both the posttreatment phase measurement nights. On the treatment nights, continuous measures of rectal temperature and polysomnographic sleep were collected and overnight urine for measurement of total nocturnal urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion. To test for the phase-delaying effects of extraocular light, subjects received either placebo or extraocular light (11,000 lux) behind the right knee from 0100 to 0400 h. Treatment had no significant effect on the onset of saliva melatonin secretion, phase of nocturnal core body temperature, or urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion, but a small increase was observed in wakefulness over the light administration period. In summary, extraocular light was not shown to delay circadian phase but was shown to increase wakefulness. The authors suggest that the present protocol has limited application as a treatment for circadian-related sleep disorders.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-05-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2016
DOI: 10.1111/APA.13323
Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the impact of a brief activity bout outside the classroom on boys' attention and on-task behaviour in the classroom setting. Fifty-eight boys (mean age 11.2 ± 0.6 years) were recruited from a boys' elementary school in Adelaide, South Australia. Two year 5 and, similarly, two year 6 classes were assigned using a crossover design to either four weeks of a 10 minute Active Lesson Break followed by four weeks of a 10 minute Passive Lesson Break (reading) or visa versa. Attention was quantified using a computerised psychomotor vigilance task, and on-task behaviour by direct observation. Neither the Active Lesson nor the Passive Lesson condition significantly affected sustained attention or on-task behaviour, and there were no significant differences between conditions. There was no impact on participants' sustained attention or on-task behaviour after a short activity break between lessons. Brief activity breaks outside the classroom do not compromise participants' on-task behaviour or attention levels upon returning to the classroom, although improvement in these variables is not seen either. However, the results suggest that active breaks are effective for accruing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without compromising classroom behaviours.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2018.05.021
Abstract: Long-term follow-up of children treated for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is limited, as the examination of factors potentially contributing to recovery is also limited. This study aimed to examine whether the recovery of neurocognitive function is achieved at four years post-adenotonsillectomy for SDB in children and whether body mass status influences the outcome. This prospective longitudinal study of 3- to 12-year-old children recruited from an otolaryngology clinic compared cognitive performance, sleep, ventilation, and body mass before and at four years post-adenotonsillectomy in children with SDB and compared these parameters to those of untreated healthy controls during the same time points. Children were categorised as normal-weight control (n = 33), normal-weight SDB (n = 18), or overweight/obese SDB (n = 11). Body mass did not significantly differ at four year follow-up compared to the baseline in any subgroup (p > 0.05), and groups were matched on the basis of age and gender. Despite improved sleep and nocturnal ventilation at four years post-adenotonsillectomy, little gain was observed in neurocognitive performance in either nonobese or overweight/obese children with SDB. Overweight/obese children with SDB displayed worse neurocognitive performance than all other children. Adenotonsillectomy improves nocturnal ventilation and sleep quality but not neurocognitive performance in the long term. Excess body mass may place children with SDB at increased risk of neurocognitive performance deficits.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JSR.12682
Abstract: This study examined the associations between self-reported sleep timing and quality, and the frequency of breakfast and junk food consumption in 28,010 Australian school students (mean ± SD age = 13.3 ± 1.2 years, 51% male). After controlling for age, sex and socioeconomic status, regression analyses revealed that the odds of missing breakfast were significantly higher in children who reported poor sleep or later bedtimes, while the odds of junk food consumption were significantly higher in children reporting later weeknight bedtimes (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that sleep timing and quality influence the dietary choices of adolescents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2022.111764
Abstract: The effect of malnutrition beyond morbidity and mortality has become a critical area of investigation in older people with an increased focus on quality-of-life (QoL), but as yet the relationship between malnutrition and QoL remains to be reviewed in older people from aged care settings. The current study conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies published between the years 1995 and 2020 examining the relationship between nutritional status and QoL or the effects of a nutrition-based intervention on QoL in older people in residential aged care. Based on searches of the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Emcare, and Embase, 21 studies were identified. Meta-analyses of the cross-sectional and quasi-experimental studies revealed a significant positive relationship between nutritional status and QoL and that nutritional intervention significantly improved QoL. By contrast, meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials revealed a non-significant but improved trend post-intervention in QoL. Although the effect sizes were small, the present findings indicate that nutrition-based interventions improve QoL in older people in residential aged care and align with previous reviews based on findings from other aged settings. Future research is needed to determine causality and to better identify and control for confounding factors which may influence both nutritional status and QoL.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-1999
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.13061
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the financial well‐being of older Australian retirees. Thirty Australian retirees (16 females and 14 males), older than 65 years of age, were asked ‘Have your finances been affected by the events surrounding COVID‐19?’. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six‐step approach, and Bronfenbrenner’s socio‐ecological model was utilised to analyse thematic responses at in idual, household, community and societal levels. Two COVID‐19‐related themes emerged from interviews: COVID‐19 and increased financial stress and COVID‐19 and frustration with digital banking. This study revealed that the financial well‐being of older Australians and especially self‐funded retirees has been negatively impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants felt financially worse off primarily due to the volatility of the financial markets, the need to support adult children and the increased cost of living. Also, participants expressed their hesitation and frustration with digital banking services, and their desire for greater personal contact with financial institutions, particularly during times of uncertainty.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 21-04-2016
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 22-11-2017
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2017
Abstract: Brief classroom-based episodes of physical activity (active lesson breaks, ALBs) have improved schoolchildren’s classroom behaviors in some studies, and may also increase the likelihood of children meeting the recommended daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, there is emerging evidence that increases in physical activity at particular times of the day may lead to compensatory declines at other times. This study explored evidence for compensatory declines in response to a 10 min ALB during the school day. Thirty-eight 12-year-old boys from a single elementary school completed intervention and control conditions in a cross-over design, with each phase lasting one week. The intervention consisted of a single 10-min active lesson break delivered on each of three days in the intervention week. Twenty-four hour accelerometry was used to quantify moderate and vigorous physical activity. ALBs increased in-school MVPA by 5.8 min ( p .0001), but overall daily MVPA was similar between intervention and control conditions (77.2 vs 77.4 min/d, p .05), However, vigorous physical activity increased significantly over the whole day (11.2 vs 8.9 min, p = .0006). A brief episode of classroom-based play led to a modest increase in vigorous physical activity in elementary school students, but did not increase MVPA across the day.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2017
Abstract: Sleep disordered breathing in children is associated with increased blood flow velocity and sympathetic overactivity. Sympathetic overactivity results in peripheral vasoconstriction and reduced systemic vascular compliance, which increases blood flow velocity during systole. Augmented blood flow velocity is recognized to promote vascular remodeling. Importantly, increased vascular sympathetic nerve fiber density and innervation in early life plays a key role in the development of early‐onset hypertension in animal models. Examination of sympathetic nerve fiber density of the tonsillar arteries in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for Sleep disordered breathing will address this question in humans. Thirteen children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy to treat sleep disordered breathing underwent pupillometry, polysomnography, flow‐mediated dilation, resting brachial artery blood flow velocity (velocity time integral), and platelet aggregation. The dorsal lingual artery (tonsil) was stained and immunofluorescence techniques used to determine sympathetic nerve fiber density. Sympathetic nerve fiber density was correlated with increased resting velocity time integral ( r =0.63 P .05) and a lower Neuronal Pupillary Index ( r =−0.71, P .01), as well as a slower mean pupillary constriction velocity (mean, r =−0.64 P .05). A faster resting velocity time integral was associated with a slower peak pupillary constriction velocity ( r =−0.77 P .01) and higher platelet aggregation to collagen antigen ( r =0.64 P .05). Slower mean and peak pupillary constriction velocity were associated with higher platelet aggregation scores ( P .05 P .01, respectively). These results indicate that sympathetic activity is associated with change in both the function and structure of systemic vasculature in children with sleep disordered breathing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1017/ORP.2014.5
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the prevalence, severity, and organisational factors of risk for psychological injury in a national s le of Australian school teachers, using the Psychological Injury Risk Indicator. We predicted that teachers would report higher levels of risk for psychological injury if working in schools located in rural areas, with a low socioeconomic index, and low psychosocial safety climate. Teachers from across Australia ( N = 960) completed an online survey that measured risk for psychological injury and relevant organisational factors. We found a high number of teachers (26%) whose responses showed high risk, indicating the need for professional intervention in order to avoid potentially debilitating psychological injury. Analyses also showed main effects for two organisational factors, indicating that teachers most at risk for psychological injury tended to be employed by schools with low psychosocial safety climate and in areas with a low socioeconomic index. These results highlight the severe levels of work-related psychological injury risk in the Australian teacher population, and the important role for school administration and education departments in maintaining a working environment that supports staff psychologically.
Publisher: University of South Australia
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.25954/KSBS-EX16
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-06-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0286733
Abstract: The current study investigated the association between psychological factors and financial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in older people. Older people were chosen compared to other age groups because of the relatively greater impact in this age group of suboptimal financial decisions on future financial wellbeing. We hypothesised that the psychological factors facilitating general wellbeing during the COVID-I9 pandemic, i.e., positive mental wellbeing, hope, and positive coping, will have positive effects on financial behaviour. Based on telephone interviews, 1501 older Australians (Men = 750 and Women = 751 55-64y = 630 65y = 871) completed an omnibus questionnaire examining coping, hope, mental wellbeing, and financial behaviour. Data was analysed using logistic regression and an ordinary and two-stage least square frameworks. Analyses revealed that the psychological factors identified as facilitating general wellbeing during the COVID-I9 pandemic also facilitated positive financial behaviour with hope and mental wellbeing emerging as significant determinants. Based on weightings from principal component analysis, one item each from the hope and mental wellbeing scale with eigenvalues 1 were found to be robust predictors of positive financial behaviours. In conclusion, the findings support the assumption that the psychological factors associated with general wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic are also associated with positive financial behaviour. They further raise the possibility that single hope and positive mental well-being items can also be used to monitor psychological health and predict financial behaviour in older people and, in particular, at times of crisis. The latter may be useful measures for government to monitor psychological and financial wellbeing and inform policy for supporting older people at times of crisis.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.4264
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11325-012-0736-9
Abstract: Problematic behavior is widely reported in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Daytime behavior is an important component in the evaluation of clinical history in SDB however, there is a reliance on parental report alone, and it is unclear whether reports by teachers will aid diagnosis. We assessed sleep and behavior reported by both parents and teachers in 19 children with SDB and 27 non-snoring controls. All children were screened for prior diagnoses of other medical and/or behavior and learning disorders and underwent polysomnography and both parental and teacher assessment of behavior. Both parents and teachers report greater problematic behavior in SDB children, predominantly of an internalizing nature. Despite this consistency and moderate correlation between informants, the agreement between parent and teacher reports of in idual child behavior was poor when assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Clinicians should be mindful that the behavioral history of a child being evaluated for SDB may vary depending on whether parent or teacher report is being discussed as this may influence clinical decision making.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.JOM.0000161740.71049.C4
Abstract: Various empirical studies link persistent failure to recover from acute fatigue to the evolution of chronic fatigue. However, existing fatigue measurement scales do not tend to distinguish between acute and chronic fatigue elements well, and none include a measure of effective recovery from fatigue. The 15 item Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) scale has been developed and validated in three study populations specifically to measure work-related fatigue. The OFER scale possesses robust, gender-bias free psychometric characteristics. Its three subscales identify and distinguish between chronic work-related fatigue traits, acute end-of-shift states and effective fatigue recovery between shifts. These studies confirm the mediating role of intershift-shift recovery in the evolution of adaptive end-of-shift fatigue states to maladaptive persistent fatigue traits. The OFER scale is suggested as a potentially valuable new tool for use in work-related fatigue research.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2008.02.003
Abstract: Sleepiness and sleep propensity are strongly influenced by our circadian clock as indicated by many circadian rhythms, most commonly by that of core body temperature. Sleep is most conducive in the temperature minimum phase, but is inhibited in a "wake maintenance zone" before the minimum phase, and is disrupted in a zone following that phase. Different types of insomnia symptoms have been associated with abnormalities of the body temperature rhythm. Sleep onset insomnia is associated with a delayed temperature rhythm presumably, at least partly, because sleep is attempted during a delayed evening wake maintenance zone. Morning bright light has been used to phase advance circadian rhythms and successfully treat sleep onset insomnia. Conversely, early morning awakening insomnia has been associated with a phase advanced temperature rhythm and has been successfully treated with the phase delaying effects of evening bright light. Sleep maintenance insomnia has been associated not with a circadian rhythm timing abnormality, but with nocturnally elevated core body temperature. Combination of sleep onset and maintenance insomnia has been associated with a 24-h elevation of core body temperature supporting the chronic hyper-arousal model of insomnia. The possibility that these last two types of insomnia may be related to impaired thermoregulation, particularly a reduced ability to dissipate body heat from distal skin areas, has not been consistently supported in laboratory studies. Further studies of thermoregulation are needed in the typical home environment in which the insomnia is most evident.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
Abstract: Sleep-related obstructive breathing disorders (SROBD) are common in children. While the sequelae of cor pulmonae, and growth and developmental impairment have been well documented, neurocognitive deficits have been less well studied. There is emerging evidence that children with SROBD show reduced neurocognitive functioning especially in the inter-related areas of attentional capacity, memory and cognitive function. In addition, these children show increased problematic behaviour and reduced school performance. Early reports suggest that some of these deficits may be reversible with treatment. The genesis of the defects is unclear but may include hypoxaemia and subtle changes in sleep architecture. The natural history of SROBD and long-term effects on neurocognitive functioning and behaviour remain to be fully examined.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2013.09.003
Abstract: Drivers are not always aware that they are becoming impaired as a result of sleepiness. Using specific symptoms of sleepiness might assist with recognition of drowsiness related impairment and help drivers judge whether they are safe to drive a vehicle, however this has not been evaluated. In this study, 20 healthy volunteer professional drivers completed two randomized sessions in the laboratory - one under 24h of acute sleep deprivation, and one with alcohol. The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and a 30min simulated driving task (AusEdTM) were performed every 3-4h in the sleep deprivation session, and at a BAC of 0.00% and 0.05% in the alcohol session, while electroencephalography (EEG) and eye movements were recorded. After each test session, drivers completed the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Sleepiness Symptoms Questionnaire (SSQ), which includes eight specific sleepiness and driving performance symptoms. A second baseline session was completed on a separate day by the professional drivers and in an additional 20 non-professional drivers for test-retest reliability. There was moderate test-retest agreement on the SSQ (r=0.59). Significant correlations were identified between in idual sleepiness symptoms and the KSS score (r values 0.50-0.74, p<0.01 for all symptoms). The frequency of all SSQ items increased during sleep deprivation (χ(2) values of 28.4-80.2, p<0.01 for all symptoms) and symptoms were related to increased subjective sleepiness and performance deterioration. The symptoms "struggling to keep your eyes open", "difficulty maintaining correct speed", "reactions were slow" and "head dropping down" were most closely related to increased alpha and theta activity on EEG (r values 0.49-0.59, p<0.001) and "nodding off to sleep" and "struggling to keep your eyes open" were related to slow eye movements (r values 0.67 and 0.64, p<0.001). Symptoms related to visual disturbance and impaired driving performance were most accurate at detecting severely impaired driving performance (AUC on ROC curve of 0.86-0.91 for detecting change in lateral lane position greater than the change at a BAC of 0.05%). In idual sleepiness symptoms are related to impairment during acute sleep deprivation and might be able to assist drivers in recognizing their own sleepiness and ability to drive safely.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 03-07-2013
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.1824
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2009
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2834.2008.00883.X
Abstract: Investigation of chronic maladaptive fatigue evolution among a large group of Australian Bachelor of Nursing (BN) degree students. The training of Australian nurses has changed from a salaried, 'apprenticeship' structure (usually including accommodation) to a University-based (fee paying) degree. Relatively little is known about how these changes have impacted on the strain and fatigue experience of nursing students. A large group of Australian nursing students across 3 years of a BN course (n = 431) participated in an internet-based cross-sectional design study. Levels of maladaptive fatigue, and poor recovery, increased across the course. By its completion, up to 20% of graduates were reporting signs of serious maladaptive fatigue/stress. Contemporary nurse training places many students under significant psycho-social stress. Need to work for personal support as well as study and absence of adequate training in managing these strains appears to underpin this experience. Nurse Managers need to be alert to the fact that new Graduate Nurse Probationer (GNP) year (or its local equivalent) nurses may already be suffering from significant stress/fatigue. To prevent this progressing to more severe states and potential premature quitting the profession, provision of adequate mentoring and guidance in effective stress management may be essential.
Publisher: Istanbul Medipol Universitesi
Date: 25-09-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.2006.04055.X
Abstract: This paper reports a study to determine if different types of work strain experienced by nurses, particularly those of an essentially psychological nature, such as emotional demand, mental effort and problems with peers and/or supervisors, have a differential impact on sleep quality and overall recovery from work strain, compared with physical work strains, and lead to higher maladaptive chronic fatigue outcomes. Various studies have shown that the dominant work-demand strain associated with nursing work can vary between different areas of nursing. For ex le, whereas emotional strain is reported to be the principal strain associated with work in areas such as oncology, haematology and renal units, medical and surgical unit nurses report work pace and staffing issues as the dominant work strain. Purely physical strain seems to be less commonly reported as a concern. A large s le (n = 760) of Australian nurses working in a large metropolitan hospital completed questionnaires on their work demands, sleep quality, fatigue, and recovery between shifts in January 2004. A high work pace exacerbates the psychological rather than the physical strain demands of nursing. Psychological strain affects sleep quality and impairs recovery from overall work strain between shifts. This combination is highly predictive of serious maladaptive stress/fatigue outcomes among nurses. Coping with psychological stressors adequately is an important requirement for nurses in order to avoid adverse health effects and maintain a long-term career in nursing. Appropriate training of undergraduate nursing students in managing the stresses they are likely to encounter would seem to be an essential requirement for the 21st century. Such training might constitute an important long-term component in overcoming the chronic nurse shortages evident in many countries.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 23-05-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.622380
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2022.104214
Abstract: Sleep talking although often considered benign is associated with poor mental health. However, it remains to be tested whether this association may be better explained by the presence of co-morbid sleep problems and the presence in survey s les of children with development disorders who tend to report a higher frequency of both sleep problems and poor mental health. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between sleep talking and mental health after controlling for comorbid sleep problems in typically developing children and children with developmental problems. Parents of typically developing children (n = 1609) and children with either intellectual or developmental delay (n = 128) aged 5-10 years completed an omnibus survey which was administered through participating South Australian primary schools assessing mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and sleep problems (Paediatric Sleep Survey Instrument). After controlling for co-morbid sleep problems, regression analyses revealed that sleep talking in typically developing children was an independent but weak predictor of worse emotional symptoms, conduct problems and peer relationship problems. By contrast, only a single significant association was observed in children with developmental problems. Paradoxically, sleep talking was associated with better prosocial behaviour. It is suggested that in typically developing children with a history of sleep talking, mental health merits evaluation at clinical interview while in both typically developing children and children with developmental problems, co-morbid sleep problems merit evaluation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2011.07.006
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of persistent snoring in the first year of life on developmental outcomes. As part of a longitudinal study of snoring and sleep in infancy, we identified 13 children (10 males) who commenced snoring shortly after birth and continued to snore frequently (≥ 3 nights/week) at 6 and 12 months of age and 78 controls (31 males) who were reported by parents to never snore in the absence of a cold. Infants were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Edition III and parents completed demographic and sleep questionnaires. Infants reported to snore frequently from the first month of life and who continued to snore frequently until 12 months of age had significantly lower cognitive development scores (mean=94.2 SD=3.9) compared to controls (mean=100.6 SD=3.7) (F (1, 96)=40 6, p<0.001 η(p)(2)=0.32). Persistent frequent snoring from the first month of life was associated with lower cognitive development scores at 12 months of age. It is possible that this deficit will become worse with age.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2023
DOI: 10.1111/NHS.12995
Abstract: Feedback on performance enhances student confidence and clinical skills and promotes safe clinical practice. Experiences of feedback are well documented across many health disciplines however, less is known about paramedicine students' experiences of feedback on‐road in an emergency ambulance. The aim of this scoping review was to identify what is known about paramedicine students' experiences of feedback during clinical placement on‐road in an emergency ambulance. A review of studies between 2000 and 2021 was undertaken, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. Databases included CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, ERIC (ProQuest), ProQuest (Nursing and Allied Health), Trove, and Open Accessd Theses and Dissertations. Three studies were identified. Feedback is valued by paramedicine students however, it can be personal and destructive in nature. Paramedics are enthusiastic and supportive and provide clear feedback. Paramedics face challenges supervising students and may lack preparation to provide feedback. There is limited evidence on paramedicine students’ experiences of feedback during clinical placement. Further exploration is needed to gain further understanding.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-03-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-03-2011
Publisher: University of South Australia Business School
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2015.12.004
Abstract: Shorter, more frequent rosters, such as 6h-on/6h-off split shifts, may offer promise to sleep, subjective sleepiness and performance by limiting shift length and by offering opportunities for all workers to obtain some sleep across the biological night. However, there exists a paucity of studies that have examined these shifts using objective measures of sleep and performance. The present study examined neurobehavioural performance, sleepiness and sleep during 6h-on/6h-off split sleep schedules. Sixteen healthy adults (6 males, 26.13 y ± 4.46) participated in a 9-day laboratory study that included two baseline nights (BL, 10h time in bed (TIB), 2200 h-0800 h), 4 days on one of two types of 6h-on/6h-off split sleep schedules with 5h TIB during each 'off' period (6h early: TIB 0300 h-0800 h and 1500 h-20000 h, or 6-h late: TIB 0900 h-1400 h and 2100 h-0200 h), and two recovery nights (10h TIB per night, 2200 h-0800 h). Participants received 10h TIB per 24h in total across both shift schedules. A neurobehavioural test bout was completed every 2 h during wake, which included the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of day (BL, shift days 1-4), schedule (6h early, 6h late) and trial (numbers 1-6) on PVT lapses (operationalised as the number of reaction times >500 ms), PVT total lapse time, PVT fastest 10% of reaction times and KSS. Analyses were also conducted examining the effect of day and schedule on sleep variables. Overall, PVT lapses and total lapse time did not differ significantly between baseline and shift days, however, peak response speeds were significantly slower on the first shift day when compared to baseline, but only for those in the 6h-late condition. Circadian variations were apparent in performance outcomes, with in iduals in the 6h-late condition demonstrated significantly more and longer lapses and slower peak reaction times at the end of their night shift (0730 h) than at any other time during their shifts. In the 6h-early condition, only response speed significantly differed across trials, with slower response speeds occurring at trial 1 (0930 h) than in trials 3 (1330 h) or 4 (2130 h). While subjective sleepiness was higher on shift days than at baseline, sleepiness did not accumulate across days. Total sleep was reduced across split sleep schedules compared to baseline. Overall, these results show that while there was not a cumulative cost to performance across days of splitting sleep, participants obtained less sleep and reported lowered alertness on shift days. Tests near the circadian nadir showed higher sleepiness and increased performance deficits. While this schedule did not produce cumulative impairment, the performance deficits witnessed during the biological night are still of operational concern for industry and workers alike.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTCP.2011.08.001
Abstract: To examine if Natural Therapists purposely enhance patient expectations, and if so which strategies are used in clinical practice. Interviews were conducted with ten experienced Australian Natural Therapists using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analysed using grounded theory. The Natural Therapists in the present study reported that they spent considerable time and effort to deliberately enhance positive expectations. Strategies included an enthusiastic delivery of the therapeutic scope of the practitioner's modality and the practitioner's capacity to diagnose and treat disease based upon their training and experience, and confidence in patients' self-efficacy, with an emphasis on personal strengths and positive aspects of patients' health. The therapists claimed to be optimistic, but at the same time realistic, cautioning against false hope, particularly in serious or terminal diseases. In order to enhance patient expectation greater emphasis should be placed on these strategies in the training of Natural Therapists.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1155/2009/523098
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The test-retest reliability of temporal summation (TS) and diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) has not been reported to date. Establishing such reliability would support the possibility of future experimental studies examining factors affecting TS and DNIC. Similarly, the use of manual algometry to induce TS, or an occlusion cuff to induce DNIC of TS to mechanical stimuli, has not been reported to date. Such devices may offer a simpler method than current techniques for inducing TS and DNIC, affording assessment at more anatomical locations and in more varied research settings. METHOD: The present study assessed the test-retest reliability of TS and DNIC using the above techniques. Sex differences on these measures were also investigated. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated successful induction of TS and DNIC, with no significant differences across test-retest occasions. Sex effects were not significant for any measure or interaction. Intraclass correlations indicated high test-retest reliability for all measures however, there was large interin idual variation between test and retest measurements. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate acceptable within-session test-retest reliability of TS and DNIC. The results support the possibility of future experimental studies examining factors affecting TS and DNIC.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.2380
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
Abstract: Menstrual cycles of 30 patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) were compared with 30 age-matched controls. The mean age of patients with JSLE and controls was similar (17.4 ± 3.2 vs 17.06 ± 2.08 years, P = 0.66). The mean menarche age was higher in JSLE than controls (13.13 ± 1.4 vs 11.56 ± 1.5 years, P = 0.0008). On the contrary, the mean maternal menarche age was similar in both groups ( P = 0.62). Menstrual abnormalities and longer length cycles were more frequently observed in JSLE than controls (63% vs 10%, P = 0.0001 23% vs 0%, P = 0.0105, respectively). The median of follicle stimulating hormone was significantly higher in patients with JSLE compared with controls (4.6 vs 3.4 IU/L, P = 0.0207), and the median of progesterone was lower (32.5 vs 70 ng/mL, P = 0.0033). The median of luteinizing hormone was lower in patients with JSLE with menstrual abnormalities versus normal cycles (2.9 vs 5.5 IU/L, P = 0.019) and both had a high percentage of decreased progesterone levels (63% vs 73%, P = 0.70). Our findings support the notion that menstrual disturbances are frequent and may be associated with pituitary dysfunction leading to a decreased progesterone production. We also reported that in spite of premature ovarian failure being a rare event in JSLE the follicular reserve seems to be low regardless of intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2014.08.011
Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine sleep, neurocognitive and behavioural functioning in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to controls and to test whether sleep quality mediates the relationship between diabetes and neurocognitive and behavioural deficits. Participants include 49 children and adolescents with T1D (recruited from a hospital clinic) and 36 healthy controls (age range = 6-16 years). Parents completed a survey consisting of the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions, and the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2. Diabetic and demographic parameters were collated from medical records. The survey was posted to participants. Children with T1D compared to controls reported a higher frequency of sleep problems, and mild deficits in executive and behavioural functioning. Mediational analyses revealed that sleep quality fully mediated metacognitive functioning, externalised problematic behaviour, and internalised problematic behaviour, but not behavioural regulation. Rather than the direct impact of T1D on daytime functioning, it is the consequent impact of T1D on sleep and the resulting sleep disruption which can explain much of the neurocognitive and behavioural deficits reported in children with T1D. Maintaining good nocturnal glycaemic control may play a much larger role than previously thought in regulating daytime functioning in children with T1D.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2016.02.002
Abstract: Cognitive decrements, problematic behaviors, and increased cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) have been reported in children aged 3-7 years with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Whether similar impairments exist in younger children or those with behavioral insomnia of childhood (BIC) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare cognition and temperament in children aged 1-5 years with SDB or BIC to healthy control children, and to investigate whether cognitive or behavioral deficits associated with sleep problems are related to changes in CBFV. Toddlers and preschool-aged children (12-67 months) who had been referred for the clinical evaluation of SDB (n = 20) or BIC (n = 13) and a comparative s le of non-snoring healthy sleepers (controls n = 77) were recruited from the community. Children underwent cognitive assessment (Mullen's Scale of Early Learning) and measurement of resting bilateral CBFV in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using Transcranial Doppler. Parents completed temperament scales (Early Childhood or Childhood Behavior Questionnaire), a sleep problem questionnaire (Pediatric Sleep Problem Survey Instrument) and performed home-based pediatric sleep monitoring (Actigraphy and Sleep Diary). SDB children demonstrated impaired receptive skills, more hyperactive and energetic temperaments, and higher bilateral CBFV than controls and children with BIC. Logistic regression analyses indicated that impaired cognition, temperamental difficulties, and increased CBFV are independently associated with SDB. During early childhood, problematic temperaments, cognitive deficits, and altered cerebrovascular functioning are associated with SDB but not BIC. CBFV does not appear to mediate these daytime deficits and instead may be an independent outcome of SDB. The findings support the need for an early intervention in pediatric SDB.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1999
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2869.1999.00130.X
Abstract: The pineal hormone, melatonin, is reported to possess hypnotic properties. This has led to an investigation of the relationship between the endogenous melatonin rhythm and sleep. However, this relationship has yet to be fully examined in aged insomniacs and controls. From media advertisements, 16 good sleeping controls (11F, 5M) and 16 sleep maintenance insomniacs (11F, 5M), aged over 55 years, were recruited to participate in a study involving four nights of polysomnographically (PSG) measured sleep followed by a 26 h constant routine. During the constant routine, 2 h urine s les were collected and analysed for the melatonin metabolite, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT.6S). This was used to determine total melatonin excretion. As well, the following circadian melatonin parameters were calculated from fifth order polynomial curve fitting analyses, the goodness of the polynomial curve fit, peak melatonin concentration, the phase of the melatonin rhythm, and melatonin and sleep rhythm synchrony. Apart for one control, all subjects showed significant circadian melatonin rhythms. Although insomniacs showed a greater amount of wakefulness, less sleep in total, and lower sleep efficiency, no significant group differences were observed in any of the melatonin parameters. In addition, while subjects with more reliable melatonin curve fits showed shorter sleep latencies and higher sleep efficiencies, correlational analyses revealed no other significant relationships between any melatonin and PSG sleep parameters. Overall, the present results suggest that neither melatonin litude nor phase are related to sleep quality in the aged.
Publisher: Common Ground Research Networks
Date: 2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2012.07.017
Abstract: Previous research has linked family sleep disruption and dysfunction in children however, the mechanism is unknown. This study examined whether maternal sleep and postnatal depression (PND) mediate the relationship between infant sleep disruption and family dysfunction. Mothers of infants aged 12 months old (N=111 48% male) completed infant and parent sleep surveys, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Family Assessment Device. Poor infant sleep was related to poor maternal sleep, which was associated with higher PND and higher level of family dysfunction. Results are consistent with the proposition that identification of both infant and maternal sleep problems during infancy can be relevant to reduction of PND and improved family functioning.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2014.10.018
Abstract: The beneficial influence of sleep on memory consolidation is well established however, the mechanisms by which sleep can dynamically consolidate new memories into existing networks for the continued environmental adaptation of the in idual are unclear. The role of sleep in complex associative memory is an emerging field and the literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. Here, we systematically review the published literature on the role of sleep in complex associative memory processing to determine (i) if there is reasonable published evidence to support an active role for sleep facilitating complex associative processes such rule and gist extraction and false memory (ii) to determine which sleep physiological events and states impact these processes, and to quantify the strength of these relationships through meta-analysis. Twenty-seven studies in healthy adults were identified which combined indicate a moderate effect of sleep in facilitating associative memory as tested behaviourally. Studies which have measured sleep physiology have reported mixed findings. Significant associations between sleep electrophysiology and outcome appear to be based largely on mode of acquisition. We interpret these findings as supporting reactivation based models of associative processing.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.2304/PLAT.2013.12.2.159
Abstract: This work identifies the human service sector as an important and growing destination for psychology graduates. It further identifies a number of key themes which flow from that observation and which are important to configuring psychology education in a way which takes account of emerging trends. The major theme identified in the research is the importance of breadth. The theme of the importance of breadth takes two related and repeated forms. The first is that graduates need to be thinkers rather than doers. The second is that employers in the human services stress the need for broad-based thinking and analytical skills to reflect social and contextual awareness of therapeutic situations and human service programmes and interventions. Stakeholders broadly commented that graduates seeking employment in the human service sector need upskilling in terms of a contextual awareness of the ‘real world’. One idea which emerged in this research is that real-world multidisciplinarity is best underpinned by an interdisciplinary approach to teaching and learning.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.3758/BRM.42.3.754
Publisher: American Thoracic Society
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JSR.13855
Abstract: Micronutrients, particularly amino acids, are thought to play an important role in sleep regulation and maintenance. While tryptophan is a known predictor of sleep, less is known about branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), which compete with tryptophan for transport across the blood–brain barrier. The aim of this study was to determine the association between BCAAs and actigraphy‐derived sleep duration, timing and efficiency, and self‐reported trouble sleeping. This study examined data on children and adults collected as part of the Child Health CheckPoint study. Linear mixed models, adjusted for geographic clustering, were used to determine the association between BCAAs and sleep characteristics. Complete‐case analysis was conducted for 741 children aged 11–12 years old (51% females) and 941parents (87% mothers). While BCAAs were significantly associated with children's sleep duration, timing and self‐reported trouble sleeping, no associations were observed in adults, in fully adjusted models. In children, higher levels of BCAAs are associated with shorter sleep duration, delayed sleep timing, and more frequent reports of trouble sleeping.
Publisher: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
Date: 23-06-2015
DOI: 10.5271/SJWEH.3509
Abstract: The aim of this review was to identify which limited wake shift work schedules (LWSW) best promote sleep, alertness, and performance. LWSW are fixed work/rest cycles where the time-at-work does is ≤8 hours and there is >1 rest period per day, on average, for ≥2 consecutive days. These schedules are commonly used in safety-critical industries such as transport and maritime industries. Literature was sourced using PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. We identified 20 independent studies (plus a further 2 overlapping studies), including 5 laboratory and 17 field-based studies focused on maritime watch keepers, ship bridge officers, and long-haul train drivers. The measurement of outcome measures was varied, incorporating subjective and objective measures of sleep: sleep diaries (N=5), actigraphy (N=4), and polysomnography, (N=3) sleepiness: Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (N=5), visual analog scale (VAS) alertness (N=2) and author-derived measures (N=2) and performance: Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) (N=5), Reaction Time or Vigilance tasks (N=4), Vector and Letter Cancellation Test (N=1), and subjective performance (N=2). Of the three primary rosters examined (6 hours-on/6 hours-off, 8 hours-on/8 hours-off and 4 hours-on/8 hours-off), the 4 hours-on/8 hours-off roster was associated with better sleep and lower levels of sleepiness. In iduals working 4 hours-on/8 hours-off rosters averaged 1 hour more sleep per night than those working 6 hours-on/6 hours-off and 1.3 hours more sleep than those working 8 hours-on/8 hours-off (P<0.01). More broadly, findings indicate that LWSW schedules were associated with better sleep and lower sleepines in the case of (i) shorter time-at-work, (ii) more frequent rest breaks, (iii) shifts that start and end at the same clock time every 24 hours, and (iv) work shifts commencing in the daytime (as opposed to night). The findings for performance remain incomplete due to the small number of studies containing a performance measure and the heterogeneity of performance measures within those that did. The literature supports the utility of LWSW in industries where in iduals sleep at or near the workplace as they facilitate at least some sleep during the biological night and minimize deficits associated with time-on-shift with shorter shifts. Overall, the 4 hour-on/8 hour-off roster best promoted sleep and minimized sleepiness compared to other LWSW schedules. Nevertheless, and considering the safety-critical nature of industries which employ LWSW, the limited literature needs to be greatly expanded with specific focus on the consequences for performance and comparison to mainstream rosters.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJEP.12624
Abstract: Boarding students face unique challenges when entering school, including: adapting to a novel environment, where they are separated from family, friends and culture, for up to 40 weeks per year. A particular challenge is sleep. A further challenge is coping with the demands of boarding with its potential impact on psychological well‐being. To explore how boarders' sleep differs from that of their day‐student peers, and how this relates to psychological well‐being. 309 students (59 boarding students and 250 day‐students, at one Adelaide school) completed the School Sleep Habits Survey, Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress‐Scale‐21 (DASS‐21), and Flourishing Scale. Boarding students additionally completed the Utrecht Homesickness Scale. Thirteen boarding students described experiences of sleeping in boarding through focus groups. Boarding students, compared to day‐students reported 40 minutes more sleep per weeknight ( p .001), with earlier sleep onset ( p = .026), and later wake‐up ( p = .008) times. No significant differences were observed between boarding' and day‐students' DASS‐21 scores. Hierarchical regression revealed longer total weekday sleep time predicted higher psychological well‐being in both boarding and day‐students. Additionally, in boarding students, low homesickness‐loneliness and homesickness‐ruminations further predicted psychological well‐being. Thematic analysis of boarding students' focus group responses revealed that night‐time routine, and restricting technology use at night facilitated sleep. This study supports – in both boarding and day‐students – the importance of sleep for adolescent well‐being. Sleep hygiene can play an important role in boarding student sleep, especially: regular night‐time routine and restricting technology use at night. Finally, these findings suggest that poor sleep and homesickness have an adverse effect on boarding student psychological well‐being. This study highlights the importance of strategies which promote sleep hygiene and minimize homesickness, in boarding school students.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2022
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2018
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2003
End Date: 01-2006
Amount: $65,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 03-2019
End Date: 12-2023
Amount: $480,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity