ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1525-2249
Current Organisations
Chandragupt Institute of Management
,
University of South Australia Future Industries Institute
,
University of South Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Materials Engineering | Functional Materials | Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells) | Nanomaterials | Mineralogy and Crystallography | Colloid and Surface Chemistry | Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified | Polymers and Plastics | Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science) | Chemical Characterisation of Materials | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Composite and Hybrid Materials | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Energy Storage (excl. Hydrogen) | Organic Industrial Chemicals (excl. Resins, Rubber and Plastics) |
Related Links
Publications
Corrosion resistance of robust optical and electrical thin film coatings on polymeric substrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Relationship between structure/properties of vapour deposited PEDOT and sensitivity to passive nitrate doping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Decoupling the effects of confinement and passivation on semiconductor quantum dots
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03438A
Abstract: Plasma synthesised Si QDs are deposited in liquids to decouple confinement and passivation effects on their optical properties.
Conducting polymers in wearable devices
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-12-2021
DOI: 10.1002/MDS3.10160
Mesoporous Siloxane Films Through Thermal Oxidation of Siloxane–Carbon Nanocomposites
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2015
Cleaning dirty surfaces: a three-body problem
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-07-2016
Abstract: Human interaction with touch screens requires physical touch and hence results in contamination of these surfaces, resulting in the necessity of cleaning. In this study we discuss the three bodies of this problem and how each component contributes and can be controlled. Utilizing a standard fingerprint machine and a standard cleanability test, this study examines the influence of parameters such as the wiping speed and pressure, the material and surface area of the cloths, and the surface energy of the contaminated surfaces. It was shown that fingerprint contamination undergoes shear banding and hence is not easily removed. The degree of material removal depends on the position of the shear plane, which is influenced by surface energies and shear rates.
Large area nanostructured arrays: Optical properties of metallic nanotubes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-04-2013
DOI: 10.1021/AM400671N
The effect of surfactant adsorption on liquid boundary slippage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
One-Step Fabrication of Nanocomposite Thin Films of PTFE in SiOx for Repelling Water
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2015
Anderson-like localization in ultrathin nanocomposite alloy films on polymeric substrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Enhancing the morphology and electrochromic stability of polypyrrole via PEG-PPG-PEG templating in vapour phase polymerisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Semi-metallic polymers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3824
Abstract: Polymers are lightweight, flexible, solution-processable materials that are promising for low-cost printed electronics as well as for mass-produced and large-area applications. Previous studies demonstrated that they can possess insulating, semiconducting or metallic properties here we report that polymers can also be semi-metallic. Semi-metals, exemplified by bismuth, graphite and telluride alloys, have no energy bandgap and a very low density of states at the Fermi level. Furthermore, they typically have a higher Seebeck coefficient and lower thermal conductivities compared with metals, thus being suitable for thermoelectric applications. We measure the thermoelectric properties of various poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) s les, and observe a marked increase in the Seebeck coefficient when the electrical conductivity is enhanced through molecular organization. This initiates the transition from a Fermi glass to a semi-metal. The high Seebeck value, the metallic conductivity at room temperature and the absence of unpaired electron spins makes polymer semi-metals attractive for thermoelectrics and spintronics.
The hydrophobic force: Nanobubbles or polymeric contaminant?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Chemically Heterogeneous Nanowrinkling of Polymer Surfaces Induced by Low-Energy Cluster Implantation
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-05-2019
Towards new fiber optic sensors based on the vapor deposited conducting polymer PEDOT: Tos
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 04-11-2019
DOI: 10.1364/OME.9.004517
Chemical seeding via propanol plasma pretreatment for improving adhesion and properties of PECVD siloxane coatings on polymers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-12-2016
Ultrathin Polymer Films for Transparent Electrode Applications Prepared by Controlled Nucleation
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-11-2013
DOI: 10.1021/AM403135P
Abstract: The vacuum vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique is capable of producing conducting polymer films with conductivities up to 3400 S cm(-1). However, the method is not able to produce robust nano-thin films as required for transparent conducting electrode (TCE) applications. We show that with the addition of aprotic solvents or chelating agents to the oxidant mixture, it is possible to control the polymerization rate, and nucleation, in the VPP process. This provides the opportunity of altering the grain size and depositing conducting polymer films with a thickness of 16 to 200 nm with resulting optical transmission within the range 50-98% that are robust enough to endure the post polymerization processing steps. The figure of merit (FoM), which is used to quantify a film's suitability for TCE applications, results in values from 12 to 25. This result indicates that the nano-films outperform most of the previously reported graphene films and approaches the accepted industry standard for TCE applications.
Correction: Corrigendum: Semi-metallic polymers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3981
Cell Viability Assessment of PEDOT Conducting Polymer-Coated Microneedles for Skin Sampling
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-10-2023
Charge transport and structure in semimetallic polymers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2017
DOI: 10.1002/POLB.24530
Hydrolysis of doped conducting polymers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S42004-020-00404-Y
Abstract: Conducting polymers display a range of interesting properties, from electrical conduction to tunable optical absorption and mechanical flexibility, to name but a few. Their properties arise from positive charges (carbocations) on their conjugated backbone that are stabilised by counterions doped in the polymer matrix. In this research we report hydrolysis of these carbocations when poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) is exposed to 1 mM aqueous salt solutions. Remarkably, two classes of anion interactions are revealed anions that oxidise PEDOT via a doping process, and those that facilitate the S N 1 hydrolysis of the carbocation to create hydroxylated PEDOT. A pKa of 6.4 for the conjugate acid of the anion approximately marks the transition between chemical oxidation and hydrolysis. PEDOT can be cycled between hydrolysis and oxidation by alternating exposure to different salt solutions. This has ramifications for using doped conducting polymers in aqueous environments (such as sensing, energy storage and biomedical devices).
The switch is on
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-12-2020
The origin of surface stress induced by adsorption of iodine on gold
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-09-2006
DOI: 10.1021/JP063232E
Abstract: The cantilever technique for the measurement of film stress on both macroscopic and microscopic cantilevers is validated, then applied to the experimental determination of film stress induced by the adsorption of a monolayer of iodine onto a gold substrate. A model is proposed that relates the change in the interatom potential upon chemisorption of iodine onto gold to the measured film stress. Excellent agreement is found with the experimentally determined value. This result gives insight into the origins of film stress that is observed in all thin film and coating applications.
The effect of block copolymer additives for a highly active polymeric metal-free oxygen reduction electrode
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA00319B
Abstract: The effect of triblock copolymer additives on polymeric ORR electrodes is studied and a highly efficient polymeric electrode is developed.
Interfacial Forces at Layered Surfaces: Substrate Electrical Double-Layer Forces Acting through Ultrathin Polymer Coatings
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-08-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.9B02176
Abstract: Manipulating the surface properties of materials via the application of coatings is a widely used strategy to achieve desired interfacial interactions, implicitly assuming that the interfacial forces of coated s les are determined exclusively by the surface properties of the coatings. However, interfacial interactions between materials and their environments operate over finite length scales. Thus, the question addressed in this study is whether interactions associated with bulk substrate materials could act through thin coatings or, conversely, how thick a coating needs to be to completely screen subsurface forces contributed by underlying substrates. Plasma polymer layers were deposited on silicon wafer substrates from ethanol vapor, with identical chemical composition, ultrasmooth surfaces, and varying thicknesses. Using colloid-probe atomic force microscopy, electrical double-layer forces were determined in solutions of various ionic strengths and fitted using the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. For the thicker ethanol plasma polymers, the fitted surface potentials reflected the presence of surface carboxylate groups and were invariant with thickness. In contrast, for coatings <18 nm thick, the surface potentials increased steadily with decreasing film thickness the measured electrical double-layer forces contained contributions from both the coating and the substrate. Theoretical calculations were in agreement with this model. Thus, our observations indicate that the higher surface potential of the underlying SiO
Significant Electronic Thermal Transport in the Conducting Polymer Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2015
Abstract: Suspended microdevices are employed to measure the in-plane electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of suspended poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films. The measured thermal conductivity is higher than previously reported for PEDOT and generally increases with the electrical conductivity. The increase exceeds that predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law for metals and can be explained by significant electronic thermal transport in PEDOT.
Extending the Utility of Conducting Polymers through Chemisorption of Nucleophiles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-04-2013
DOI: 10.1021/CM400385S
Metal-free oxygen reduction electrodes based on thin PEDOT films with high electrocatalytic activity
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA46167J
Evidence for 'bottom up' growth during vapor phase polymerization of conducting polymers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Abrasion resistance of thin film coatings as measured by diffuse optical scattering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Enhanced abrasion resistance of ultrathin reflective coatings on polymeric substrates: An improvement upon glass substrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Vacuum vapour phase polymerization of high conductivity PEDOT: Role of PEG-PPG-PEG, the origin of water, and choice of oxidant
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Vapor phase synthesis of conducting polymer nanocomposites incorporating 2D nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-07-2014
DOI: 10.1021/CM5014653
Post-polymerization surface segregation in thin PECVD siloxane films leading to a self-regenerative effect
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-03-2017
Influence of Postsynthesis Heat Treatment on Vapor-Phase-Polymerized Conductive Polymers
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-10-2018
Recent advances in the synthesis of conducting polymers from the vapour phase
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Organic energy devices from ionic liquids and conducting polymers
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5TC03281D
Abstract: The interaction of ionic liquids and conducting polymers were studied, and organic electronic devices fabricated using this new insight.
Nexus between Intellectual Capital and Bank Productivity in India
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JRFM16010054
Abstract: This paper empirically investigates the influence of intellectual capital on changes in total factor productivity of 36 BSE-listed banks in India from 2005 to 2019. This study employs a two-stage analysis that begins by investigating changes in total factor productivity using the Malmquist Productivity Index estimated through Data Envelopment Analysis, and then computes intellectual capital and its sub-components within the Value Added Intellectual Coefficients model framework. Then, using the System Generalised Method of Moments, we investigate the impact of intellectual capital on changes in total factor productivity. According to our findings, productivity growth is primarily driven by efficiency changes rather than technological changes. Furthermore, regression results show that the intellectual capital index and its two sub-components, human capital and capital employed, have a strong positive impact on bank productivity. This research could help bank senior executives measure their productivity and intellectual capital, identify relevant intellectual capital elements that contribute to productivity and develop future policies to encourage and improve their intellectual potential. Furthermore, this is one of the few studies in the Indian context that examines the nexus between intellectual capital and productivity using the Malmquist Productivity Index.
Electromagnetic devices from conducting polymers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Structuring PEDOT Hollow Nanosphere Electrodes for High Specific Energy Li-Metal|Polymer Thin-Film Batteries
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-04-2020
Inkjet printing and vapor phase polymerization: patterned conductive PEDOT for electronic applications
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3TC30356J
Manipulation of cluster formation through gas-wall boundary conditions in large area cluster sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
A bird's eye view of the synthesis and practical application of conducting polymers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/PI.5531
Charge Transport in Nonstoichiometric 2-Fluoropyridinium Triflate Protic Ionic Liquids
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-09-2019
Aqueous processing of graphene–polymer hybrid thin film nano-composites and gels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CIS.2014.04.006
Abstract: Research into the structure, properties and applications of graphene has moved at a tremendous pace over the past few years. This review describes one aspect of this research, that of the incorporation of graphene particles with a range of polymers to create novel hybrid materials with increased functionality such as improved conductance, increased strength and introduced biocompatibility or cytotoxicity. This review focuses on dispersing graphene in polymer matrices, both insulating and conducting. Additionally, a brief discussion of carbon based platelet production methods is given in order to provide context on the subsequent use of this family of materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) incorporated into polymeric thin films.
Inorganic Thin Film Deposition and Application on Organic Polymer Substrates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2017
Electrochemical stability of PEDOT for wearable on‐skin application
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/APP.51314
Abstract: Conducting polymers are promising candidates for wearable devices due to mechanical flexibility combined with electroactivity. While electrochemical measurements have been adopted as a central transduction method in many on‐skin sensors, less studied is the stability of the active materials (in particular poly3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene, PEDOT) in such systems, particularly for “on‐skin” applications. In this study, several different variants of doped PEDOT are fabricated and characterized in terms of their (electrical, physical, and chemical) stability in biological fluid. PEDOT doped with tosylate (TOS) or polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) are selected as prototypical forms of conducting polymers. These are compared with a new variant of PEDOT co‐doped with both TOS and PSS. Artificial interstitial fluid (aISF) loaded with 1% wt/vol bovine serum albumin is adopted as the testing medium to demonstrate the stability in dermal applications (i.e., conducting polymer microneedles or coatings on microneedles). A range of techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to qualify and quantify the stability of the doped conducting polymers. Furthermore, this study is extended by using human skin lysate in the aISF to demonstrate proof‐of‐concept for stable use of PEDOT in wearable “on‐skin” electronics.
Growth of sputtered nanocomposite alloys on polymeric substrates: The role of the substrate's mechanical hardness
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2013
Effect of oxidant on the performance of conductive polymer films prepared by vacuum vapor phase polymerization for smart window applications
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-02-2015
Nanoporous glass films on liquids
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-12-2014
DOI: 10.1021/AM404570A
Condensation and freezing of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CIS.2013.10.018
Abstract: Superhydrophobic coatings are reported as promising candidates for anti-icing applications. Various studies have shown that as well as having ultra water repellency the surfaces have reduced ice adhesion and can delay water freezing. However, the structure or texture (roughness) of the superhydrophobic surface is subject to degradation during the thermocycling or wetting process. This degradation can impair the superhydrophobicity and the icephobicity of those coatings. In this review, a brief overview of the process of droplet freezing on superhydrophobic coatings is presented with respect to their potential in anti-icing applications. To support this discussion, new data is presented about the condensation of water onto physically decorated substrates, and the associated freezing process which impacts on the freezing of macroscopic droplets on the surface.
Diffuse color patterning using blended electrochromic polymers for proof‐of‐concept adaptive camouflage plaques
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-03-2015
DOI: 10.1002/APP.42158
Nitrate sensing using optical properties of PEDOT at the tip of the fibre
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1364/CLEOPR.2020.P3_21
Abstract: A sensing platform measuring the change in back reflection of PEDOT:Tos through a circulator is presented, enabling nitrate ion sensing as the refractive index and volume of PEDOT:Tos change at the tip of the optical fibre.
Macroscopic Electrical Wires from Vapor Deposited Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-12-2017
Abstract: Conducting polymers represent a field of materials innovation that bridges the properties of metals (electrical conduction) with those of traditional polymers (mechanical flexibility). Although electronic properties have been studied, minimal attention is given to their mechanical properties such as tensile strength. This study presents macroscopic wires made from the vapor phase polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) using triblock copolymers as a molecular template. These macroscopic wires are conductive (up to 5 × 10
Recent advances in the aqueous applications of PEDOT
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1NA00748C
Abstract: The use of PEDOT in aqueous applications relies on nanoscale understanding and/or nanoengineered structures and properties. This enables their use in water-based settings such as within the human body or buried in agricultural soils.
Poly(ionic liquid) iongels for all-solid rechargeable zinc/PEDOT batteries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Diffusion controlled vapour deposition of mixed doped PEDOT
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Adsorption of dispersants at a polyester resin-alkane interface
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Ultrathin films of co-sputtered CrZrx alloys on polymeric substrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Polymeric Material with Metal-Like Conductivity for Next Generation Organic Electronic Devices
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-10-2012
DOI: 10.1021/CM302899V
Experimental studies of the dynamic mechanical response of a single polymer chain
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-08-2006
DOI: 10.1021/MA060689D
Boundary slip in Newtonian liquids: a review of experimental studies
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-10-2005
Modulation of substrate van der Waals forces using varying thicknesses of polymer overlayers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Structural Control of Charge Storage Capacity to Achieve 100% Doping in Vapor Phase-Polymerized PEDOT/Tosylate
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-12-2019
Acido-basic control of the thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)tosylate (PEDOT-Tos) thin films
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TC01952D
Abstract: PEDOT-Tos is one of the conducting polymers that displays the most promising thermoelectric properties.
Packing density/surface morphology relationship in thin sputtered chromium films
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
3-Dimensionally ordered macroporous PEDOT ion-exchange resins prepared by vapor phase polymerization for triggered drug delivery: Fabrication and characterization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Orbital hybridization, crystal structure and anomalous resistivity of ultrathin CrZr x alloy films on polymeric substrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Selective uptake and sensing of nitrate in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-16939-5
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) as a nutrient, in the form of nitrate (NO 3 − ), is essential for plant growth. Chemical fertilizers are used to increase crop yields, but overuse can lead to forms of environmental pollution necessitating methods to detect and monitor the level of NO 3 − in-situ in agricultural soils. Herein we report for the first time the NO 3 − selectivity of the inherently conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). This selectivity occurs when PEDOT thin films are exposed to an aqueous environment containing not only NO 3 − , but a mixture of other ions present in concentrations (ppm) typical of real agricultural soil. The PEDOT sensitivity to absorb NO 3 − from solution is determined to be ppm.
Structure-directed growth of high conductivity PEDOT from liquid-like oxidant layers during vacuum vapor phase polymerization
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C2JM32281A
Sensing cantilever beam bending by the optical lever technique and its application to surface stress
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-02-2006
DOI: 10.1021/JP0536807
Abstract: Cantilever beams, both microscopic and macroscopic, are used as sensors in a great variety of applications. An optical lever system is commonly employed to determine the deflection and thereby the profile of the cantilever under load. The sensitivity of the optical lever must be calibrated, and this is usually achieved by application of a known load or deflection to the free end of the cantilever. When the sensing operation involves a different type of load or a combination of types of loadings, the calibration and the deflection values derived from it become invalid. Here we develop a master equation that permits the true deflection of the cantilever to be obtained simply from the measurement of the apparent deflection for uniformly distributed loadings and end-moment loadings. These loadings are relevant to the uniform adsorption or application of material to the cantilever or the application of a surface stress to the cantilever and should assist experimentalists using the optical lever, such as in the atomic force microscope, to measure cantilever deflections in a great variety of sensing applications. We then apply this treatment to the experimental evaluation of surface stress. Three forms of Stoney's equation that relate the apparent deflection to the surface stress, which is valid for both macroscopic and microscopic experiments, are derived. Analysis of the errors arising from incorrect modeling of the loading conditions of the cantilever currently applied in experiments is also presented. It is shown that the reported literature values for surface stress in microscopic experiments are typically 9% smaller than their true value. For macroscopic experiments, we demonstrate that the added mass of the film or coating generally dominates the measured deflection and must be accounted for accurately if surface stress measurements are to be made. Further, the reported measurements generally use a form of Stoney's equation that is in error, resulting in an overestimation of surface stress by a factor >5.
Unusual Nature of Fingerprints and the Implications for Easy-to-Clean Coatings
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-01-2016
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.5B04138
Abstract: Irrespective of the technology, we now rely on touch to interact with devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, and control panels. As a result, touch screen technologies are frequently in contact with body grease. Hence, surface deposition arises from localized inhomogeneous finger-derived contaminants adhering to a surface, impairing the visual/optical experience of the user. In this study, we examined the contamination itself in order to understand its static and dynamic behavior with respect to deposition and cleaning. A process for standardized deposition of fingerprints was developed. Artificial sebum was used in this process to enable reproducibility for quantitative analysis. Fingerprint contamination was shown to be hygroscopic and to possess temperature- and shear-dependent properties. These results have implications for the design of easily cleanable surfaces.
Influence of post-deposition moisture uptake in polycarbonate on thin film's residual stress short term evolution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Stable Deep Doping of Vapor-Phase Polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Ionic Liquid Supercapacitors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2016
Abstract: Liquid-solution polymerization and vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) have been used to manufacture a series of chloride- and tosylate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) carbon paper electrodes. The electrochemistry, specific capacitance, and specific charge were determined for single electrodes in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (emim dca) ionic liquid electrolyte. VPP-PEDOT exhibits outstanding properties with a specific capacitance higher than 300 F g(-1) , the highest value reported for a PEDOT-based conducting polymer, and doping levels as high as 0.7 charges per monomer were achieved. Furthermore, symmetric PEDOT supercapacitor cells with the emim dca electrolyte exhibited a high specific capacitance (76.4 F g(-1) ) and high specific energy (19.8 Wh kg(-1) ). A Ragone plot shows that the VPP-PEDOT cells combine the high specific power of conventional ("pure") capacitors with the high specific energy of batteries, a highly sought-after target for energy storage.
Toward a new sensing platform based on conducting polymer: Thickness measurement and the effect of different oxidant solution on damage threshold
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-12-2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2539940
Market Access for LDCs under the Hong Kong Ministerial of the WTO
Publisher: Brill
Date: 2006
Surface force measurements between Titanium Dioxide surfaces prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition in electrolyte solutions reveal Non-DLVO interactions: Influence of water and argon plasma cleaning
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-02-2014
DOI: 10.1021/LA5000205
Abstract: Surface force measurements between titania surfaces in electrolyte solutions have previously revealed an unexplained long-range repulsive force at high pH, not described by Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Here, the surface forces between titania surfaces produced by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and cleaned using a variety of methods have been measured to determine the influence of the cleaning protocol on the measured forces and test the hypothesis that water plasma cleaning of the surface results in non-DLVO forces at high pH. For argon plasma and water plasma cleaned surfaces, a diffuse double layer repulsion and van der Waals attraction is observed near the isoelectric point. At high pH, the force remained repulsive up until contact, and no van der Waals attraction or adhesion was observed. Differences in the measured forces are explained by modification of the surface chemistry during cleaning, which alters the density of charged groups on the surface, but this cannot explain the observed disagreement with DLVO theory at high pH.
Oxygenation of conducting polymers facilitated by structure‐breaking anions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2021
DOI: 10.1002/POL.20210095
Challenges of polymer‐based pH sensing in soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-09-2023
DOI: 10.1002/POL.20230481
Patterning and Conductivity Modulation of Conductive Polymers by UV Light Exposure
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2016
Atomic structure studies of chrome alloy coatings and their abrasion resistance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
A nuanced understanding of the doping of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with tosylate
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S43939-023-00046-6
Abstract: The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (known as PEDOT) is routinely fabricated into doped thin films for investigation of its inherent properties as well as for a range of applications. Fabrication of PEDOT is often achieved via oxidative polymerisation, where the conducting polymer is polymerised and doped (oxidised) to yield a conductive polymer thin film. The oxidiser and the polymerisation temperature are two parameters that may influence the properties and performance of the resultant PEDOT thin film. In this study, the role of temperature for the chemical polymerisation of PEDOT using the oxidiser iron tosylate is investigated from a computational and experimental viewpoint. While computations of the doping energetics suggest increasing doping with increasing temperature, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of fabricated PEDOT thin films indicate doping is much more complicated. With the aid of computations of the spatial distribution functions for tosylate in PEDOT, experiments indicate that two different populations of tosylate anions exist in the PEDOT matrix. Their relative populations change as a function of the polymerisation temperature. Therefore, polymerisation temperature plays a critical role in tailoring the properties of PEDOT in pursuit of being fit-for-purpose for the desired application.
PEDOT coated microneedles towards electrochemically assisted skin sampling
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3TB00485F
Abstract: Electrochemically active microneedles are formed from plastic coated with PEDOT. A pair of these form a skin s ler and evaluated in the hydrated excised skin. This provides additional information on the interstitial fluid extracted from the skin.
Recent advances in ion sensing with conducting polymers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S42833-019-0001-7
Abstract: Ions are present throughout our environment—from biological systems to agriculture and beyond. Many important processes and mechanisms are driven by their presence and their relative concentration. In order to study, understand and/or control these, it is important to know what ions are present and in what concentration—highlighting the importance of ion sensing. Materials that show specific ion interaction with a commensurate change in measurable properties are the key components of ion sensing. One such type are conducting polymers. Conducting polymers are referred to as ‘active’ because they show observable changes in their electrical and optical (and other) properties in response to changing levels of doping with ions. For ex le, p-type conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polypyrrole, can transition from semi-conducting to metallic in response to increasing levels of anions inserted into their structure. Under certain circumstances, conducting polymers also interact with cations—showing their utility in sensing. Herein, recent advances in conducting polymers will be reviewed in the context of sensing ions. The main scope of this review is to critically evaluate our current understanding of ion interactions with conducting polymers and explore how these novel materials can contribute to improving our ion-sensing capabilities.
Metallic Adhesive Layers for Ag-Based First Surface Mirrors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-03-2018
Parameterizing amylose chain-length distributions for biosynthesis-structure-property relations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-017-0639-5
Abstract: Amylose, one of the components of starch, is a glucose polymer consisting largely of long, linear chains with a few long-chain branch points. The chain-length (molecular weight) distribution (CLD) of the component chains of amylose can provide information on amylose biosynthesis-structure-property relations, as has been done previously by fitting amylopectin CLDs to a model with physically meaningful parameters. Due to the presence of long chains, the CLD of amylose can currently best be obtained by size-exclusion chromatography, a technique that suffers from band-broadening effects which alter the observed distribution. The features of the multiple regions present in amylose chain-length distributions are also difficult to resolve, an issue that combines with band broadening to compound the difficulty of analysis and subsequent parameterization of the structural characteristics of amylose. A new method is presented to fit these distributions with biologically meaningful parameters in a way that accounts for band broadening. This is achieved by assuming that band broadening takes the form of a simple Gaussian over a relatively small region and that chain stoppage is a random process independent of the length of the substrate chain over the same region these assumptions are relatively weak and expected to be frequently applicable. The method provides inbuilt consistency tests for its applicability to a given data set and, in cases where it is applicable, allows for the first nonempirical parameterization of amylose biosynthesis-structure-property relations from CLDs by using parameters directly linked to the activities of the enzymes responsible for chain growth and chain stoppage. Graphical abstract Model calculation illustrating the method described and showing the ision between the three characteristic regions of a typical amylose chain-length distribution.
Understanding PEDOT doped with tosylate
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2CC01100J
Abstract: The conducting polymer of PEDOT doped with tosylate has properties and behaviour making it interesting for use in conformable electronic devices. Understanding this material is of research interest.
Physical Properties of Phase-Change Emulsions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-10-2006
DOI: 10.1021/LA062097U
Abstract: Phase-change emulsions (PCE) are important in a variety of applications, from ultrasound imaging to the explosive material used in the mining industry, but until now there has been no adequate theory to describe their activation properties. The PCE consists of a low-boiling-point liquid, known as the volatile phase, dispersed in an aqueous phase. The volatile phase boils as a result of an increase in the temperature of the emulsion. The volume of the emulsion will increase during this phase transition, with the transition temperature and final volume of the emulsion highly dependent on the initial radius of the liquid droplets. Here a description of the change in boiling point and freezing point of the volatile phase, as well as the volume change of a droplet in the emulsion as a function of the initial droplet radius, is presented. The influence of volatile phase solubility, liquid-liquid interfacial tension, and final temperature are explored, accounting for the influence of confinement on the properties of the volatile phase. Beyond this, a means by which the diffusivity of the gas in the continuous liquid phase can be measured is derived.
Degradation and Gelation during Plasma Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-03-2017
Surface Doping in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Nanoscale Films: Insights for Polymer Electronics
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-07-2022
Observation of electron transfer between bacteria and high conductivity graphene - PEDOT composites
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA08720A
Abstract: The direct observation of electron transfer in a system comprising bacteria and a conducting polymer substrate is reported.
Hydrophilic Organic Electrodes on Flexible Hydrogels
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-01-2016
Abstract: Prompted by the rapidly developing field of wearable electronics, research into biocompatible substrates and coatings is intensifying. Acrylate-based hydrogel polymers have gained widespread use as biocompatible articles in applications such as contact and intraocular lenses. Surface treatments and/or coatings present one strategy to further enhance the performance of these hydrogels or even realize novel functionality. In this study, the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is deposited from the vapor phase onto hydrated hydrogel substrates and blended with biocompatibilizing coconstituents incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) moieties. Plasma pretreatment of the dehydrated hydrogel substrate modifies its surface topography and chemical composition to facilitate the attachment of conductive PEDOT-based surface layers. Manipulating the vapor phase polymerization process and constituent composition, the PEDOT-based coating is engineered to be both hydrophilic (i.e. to promote biocompatibility) and highly conductive. The fabrication of this conductively coated hydrogel has implications for the future of wearable electronic devices.
Plasma gas aggregation cluster source: Influence of gas inlet configuration and total surface area on the heterogeneous aggregation of silicon clusters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
A Fibre-Optic Platform for Sensing Nitrate Using Conducting Polymers
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/S21010138
Abstract: Monitoring nitrate ions is essential in agriculture, food industry, health sector and aquatic ecosystem. We show that a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), can be used for nitrate sensing through a process in which nitrate ion uptake leads to oxidation of PEDOT and change of its optical properties. In this study, a new platform is developed in which a single-mode fibre coated at the tip with PEDOT is used for nitrate sensing. A crucial step towards this goal is introduction of carbonate exposure to chemically reduced PEDOT to a baseline value. The proposed platform exhibits the change in optical behaviour of the PEDOT layer at the tip of the fibre as it undergoes chemical oxidation and reduction (redox). The change in optical properties due to redox switching varies with the intensity of light back reflected by the fibre coated with PEDOT. The proposed platform during oxidation demonstrates linear response for the uptake of nitrate ions in concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 40 parts per million (ppm), with a regression coefficient R2=0.97 and a detection limit of 6.7 ppm. The procedure for redox switching is repeatable as the back reflection light intensity reaches ±1.5% of the initial value after reduction.
Laser actuation of cantilevers for picometre amplitude dynamic force microscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2014
DOI: 10.1038/SREP05567
Abstract: As nanoscale and molecular devices become reality, the ability to probe materials on these scales is increasing in importance. To address this, we have developed a dynamic force microscopy technique where the flexure of the microcantilever is excited using an intensity modulated laser beam to achieve modulation on the picoscale. The flexure arises from thermally induced bending through differential expansion and the conservation of momentum when the photons are reflected and absorbed by the cantilever. In this study, we investigated the photothermal and photon pressure responses of monolithic and layered cantilevers using a modulated laser in air and immersed in water. The developed photon actuation technique is applied to the stretching of single polymer chains.
Market evaluation, performance modelling and materials solution addressing short wavelength discomfort glare in rear view automotive mirrors
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-08-2015
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