ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2589-1319
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Abstract: Regular exercise and consuming long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FAs) from fish or fish oil can independently improve cardiovascular and metabolic health, but combining these lifestyle modifications may be more effective than either treatment alone. We examined the in idual and combined effects of n-3 FA supplements and regular exercise on body composition and cardiovascular health. Overweight volunteers [body mass index (BMI in kg/m(2)): >25] with high blood pressure, cholesterol, or triacylglycerols were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: fish oil (FO), FO and exercise (FOX), sunflower oil (SO control), or SO and exercise (SOX). Subjects consumed 6 g tuna FO/d ( approximately 1.9 g n-3 FA) or 6 g SO/d. The exercise groups walked 3 d/wk for 45 min at 75% age-predicted maximal heart rate. Plasma lipids, blood pressure, and arterial function were assessed at 0, 6, and 12 wk. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 wk only. FO supplementation lowered triacylglycerols, increased HDL cholesterol, and improved endothelium-dependent arterial vasodilation (P<0.05). Exercise improved arterial compliance (P<0.05). Both fish oil and exercise independently reduced body fat (P<0.05). FO supplements and regular exercise both reduce body fat and improve cardiovascular and metabolic health. Increasing intake of n-3 FAs could be a useful adjunct to exercise programs aimed at improving body composition and decreasing cardiovascular disease risk.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQY207
Abstract: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) offers benefits to cardiovascular health but may not meet Western recommendations for calcium and dairy intake, which could impede long-term adoption. The current study aimed to determine the effect of a MedDiet supplemented with dairy foods on cardiovascular risk factors. A randomized, controlled, crossover design compared a MedDiet with 3-4 daily servings of dairy (MedDairy) and a low-fat (LF) control diet. Forty-one participants aged ≥45 y and at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomly allocated to their first intervention, either the MedDairy or LF diet. Participants followed each intervention for 8 wk, and an 8-wk washout period separated interventions. The primary outcome was home-measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) assessed in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Secondary outcomes included clinic-measured blood pressure (morning), body composition, blood lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma glucose, serum insulin, and the Framingham Risk Score. Compared with the LF intervention, the MedDairy intervention resulted in a significantly lower morning SBP (mean difference: -1.6 mm Hg 95% CI: -2.8, -0.4 mm Hg P = 0.01), lower morning diastolic blood pressure (mean difference: -1.0 95% CI: -1.7, -0.2 mm Hg P = 0.01) and clinic SBP (mean difference: -3.5 mm Hg 95% CI: -6.4, -0.7 mm Hg P = 0.02), significantly higher HDL cholesterol (mean difference: 0.04 mmol/L 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06 mmol/L P < 0.01), lower triglycerides (mean difference: = -0.05 mmol/L 95% CI: -0.08, -0.01 mmol/L P < 0.01), and lower ratio of total to HDL cholesterol (mean difference: -0.4 95% CI: -0.6, -0.2 P < 0.001). No effects were observed for other outcome measures. Following a MedDiet with additional dairy foods led to significant changes in markers of cardiovascular risk over 8 wk. The MedDiet supplemented with dairy may be appropriate for an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors in a population at risk of CVD. This trial was registered at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12616000309482.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUTRES.2018.05.005
Abstract: Food cravings are common in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Higher-protein diets are effective in improving satiety but their effect on cravings is unclear. It was hypothesized that a high protein (HP) diet would provide greater reductions in cravings than an isocaloric higher-carbohydrate diet (HC). In a randomized controlled trial, 61 adults (54% males) with T2D (means ± SD: BMI 34.3 ± 5.1 kg/m
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15071692
Abstract: Introduction: Australian healthy food baskets are typically modelled off the Government Guidelines for healthy eating. However, these baskets have not been updated recently, nor has there been a Mediterranean Diet basket developed for an Australian population despite research suggesting high adherence is possible and subsequent health benefits observed. Food baskets typically only present the nutrition profile or the cost of a basket, seldom both. Methods: Baskets were developed based on the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, The Mediterranean Diet and typical Australian dietary intake (Western Diet). Four reference families were created based on data from Australian censuses and population statistics. Seven-day meal plans for reference families were entered into Foodworks software and aimed to meet 100% of nutrition and energy requirements. Basket costs were calculated from Coles Australia online. Results: The AGHE basket met all NRVs except for VLCN3 for the 7-year-old male (73% adequate intake). The Mediterranean Diet met all NRVs except zinc (44-year-old male) ranging from 98 to 257% of the RDI. The Western Diet failed to meet NRVs for numerous nutrients. The MedDiet baskets were generally cheaper ($78 for a one-person household to $285 for a four-person household) than AGHE and Western Diet. Discussion: Meeting nutrition requirements over seven days for zinc can be challenging for males. Fortified products provide an opportunity to improve nutrient profile however, nutrient intake should equilibrate over time. Further, cost saving strategies can increase affordability. This research suggests a MedDiet is not more costly than a typical Western Diet or healthy AGHE diet.
Publisher: Kasetsart University and Development Institute
Date: 2021
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 19-12-2019
Abstract: oor diet and physical inactivity are leading modifiable causes of death and disease. Advances in artificial intelligence technology present tantalizing opportunities for creating virtual health coaches capable of providing personalized support at scale. his proof of concept study aimed to test the feasibility (recruitment and retention) and preliminary efficacy of physical activity and Mediterranean-style dietary intervention (MedLiPal) delivered via artificially intelligent virtual health coach. his 12-week single-arm pre-post study took place in Adelaide, Australia, from March to August 2019. Participants were inactive community-dwelling adults aged 45 to 75 years, recruited through news stories, social media posts, and flyers. The program included access to an artificially intelligent chatbot, Paola, who guided participants through a computer-based in idualized introductory session, weekly check-ins, and goal setting, and was available 24/7 to answer questions. Participants used a Garmin Vivofit4 tracker to monitor daily steps, a website with educational materials and recipes, and a printed diet and activity log sheet. Primary outcomes included feasibility (based on recruitment and retention) and preliminary efficacy for changing physical activity and diet. Secondary outcomes were body composition (based on height, weight, and waist circumference) and blood pressure. ver 4 weeks, 99 potential participants registered expressions of interest, with 81 of those screened meeting eligibility criteria. Participants completed a mean of 109.8 (95% CI 1.9-217.7) more minutes of physical activity at week 12 compared with baseline. Mediterranean diet scores increased from a mean of 3.8 out of 14 at baseline, to 9.6 at 12 weeks (mean improvement 5.7 points, 95% CI 4.2-7.3). After 12 weeks, participants lost an average 1.3 kg (95% CI –0.1 to –2.5 kg) and 2.1 cm from their waist circumference (95% CI –3.5 to –0.7 cm). There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Feasibility was excellent in terms of recruitment, retention (90% at 12 weeks), and safety (no adverse events). n artificially intelligent virtual assistant-led lifestyle-modification intervention was feasible and achieved measurable improvements in physical activity, diet, and body composition at 12 weeks. Future research examining artificially intelligent interventions at scale, and for other health purposes, is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-09-2023
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 31-07-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.28.21261299
Abstract: Approximately 40% of late-life dementia may be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, including physical activity and diet. Yet, it is currently unknown how multiple lifestyle factors interact to influence cognition. The ACTIVate Study aims to 1) Explore associations between 24-hour time-use and diet compositions with changes in cognition and brain function and 2) Identify durations of time-use behaviours and the dietary compositions to optimise cognition and brain function. This three-year prospective longitudinal cohort study will recruit 448 adults aged 60-70 years across Adelaide and Newcastle, Australia. Time-use data will be collected through wrist-worn activity monitors and the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA). Dietary intake will be assessed using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire. The primary outcome will be cognitive function, assessed using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). Secondary outcomes include structural and functional brain measures using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), cerebral arterial pulse measured with Diffuse Optical Tomography (Pulse-DOT), neuroplasticity using simultaneous Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Electroencephalography (EEG), and electrophysiological markers of cognitive control using event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency analyses. Compositional data analysis, testing for interactions between time-point and compositions, will assess longitudinal associations between dependent (cognition, brain function) and independent (time-use and diet compositions) variables. The ACTIVate Study will be the first to examine associations between time-use and diet compositions, cognition and brain function. Our findings will inform new avenues for multidomain interventions that may more effectively account for the co-dependence between activity and diet behaviours for dementia prevention. Ethics approval has been obtained from University of South Australia’s Human Research Ethics committee (202639). Findings will be disseminated through peer reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, targeted media releases and community engagement events. Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001659190). The ACTIVate Study will collect comprehensive measures of lifestyle behaviours and dementia risk over time in 448 older adults aged 60-70 years. Using newly developed Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) techniques we will examine the associations between time-use and diet compositions, cognition and brain function. Data will inform the development of a digital tool to help older adults obtain personalised information about how to reduce their risk of cognitive decline based on changes to time use and diet. Recruitment will be focussed on older adults to maximise the potential of making an impact on dementia prevention in the next 10 years. Findings may not be generalisable to younger adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2011
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-07-2020
DOI: 10.2196/17558
Abstract: Poor diet and physical inactivity are leading modifiable causes of death and disease. Advances in artificial intelligence technology present tantalizing opportunities for creating virtual health coaches capable of providing personalized support at scale. This proof of concept study aimed to test the feasibility (recruitment and retention) and preliminary efficacy of physical activity and Mediterranean-style dietary intervention (MedLiPal) delivered via artificially intelligent virtual health coach. This 12-week single-arm pre-post study took place in Adelaide, Australia, from March to August 2019. Participants were inactive community-dwelling adults aged 45 to 75 years, recruited through news stories, social media posts, and flyers. The program included access to an artificially intelligent chatbot, Paola, who guided participants through a computer-based in idualized introductory session, weekly check-ins, and goal setting, and was available 24/7 to answer questions. Participants used a Garmin Vivofit4 tracker to monitor daily steps, a website with educational materials and recipes, and a printed diet and activity log sheet. Primary outcomes included feasibility (based on recruitment and retention) and preliminary efficacy for changing physical activity and diet. Secondary outcomes were body composition (based on height, weight, and waist circumference) and blood pressure. Over 4 weeks, 99 potential participants registered expressions of interest, with 81 of those screened meeting eligibility criteria. Participants completed a mean of 109.8 (95% CI 1.9-217.7) more minutes of physical activity at week 12 compared with baseline. Mediterranean diet scores increased from a mean of 3.8 out of 14 at baseline, to 9.6 at 12 weeks (mean improvement 5.7 points, 95% CI 4.2-7.3). After 12 weeks, participants lost an average 1.3 kg (95% CI –0.1 to –2.5 kg) and 2.1 cm from their waist circumference (95% CI –3.5 to –0.7 cm). There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Feasibility was excellent in terms of recruitment, retention (90% at 12 weeks), and safety (no adverse events). An artificially intelligent virtual assistant-led lifestyle-modification intervention was feasible and achieved measurable improvements in physical activity, diet, and body composition at 12 weeks. Future research examining artificially intelligent interventions at scale, and for other health purposes, is warranted.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S11745-006-1394-0
Abstract: Supercritical fluid extracts of New Zealand green-lipped mussels (NZGLM) have been suggested to have therapeutic properties related to their oil components. The large number of minor FA in NZGLM extract was characterized by a GC-CIMS/MS method that excels at identification of double-bond positions in FAME. The extract contained five major lipid classes: sterol esters, TAG, FFA, sterols, and polar lipids. The total FA content of the lipid extract was 0.664 g/mL. Fifty-three unsaturated FA (UFA) were fully identified, of which 37 were PUFA, and a further 21 UFA were detected for which concentrations were too low for assignment of double-bond positions. There were 17 saturated FA, with 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0 present in the greatest concentration. The 10 n-3 PUFA detected included 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, the two main n-3 FA n-3 PUFA at low concentrations were 18:3, 18:4, 20:3, 20:4, 21:5, 22:5, 24:6, and 28:8. There were 43 UFA from the n-4, n-5, n-6, n-7, n-8, n-9, n-10, n-1 families, with 16:2n-4, 16:1n-5, 18:1n-5, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 16:1n-7, 20:1n-7, 16:1n-9, 18:1 n-9, and 20:1 n-9 being the most abundant. In general, we estimated that FAME concentrations greater than 0.05% (w/w) were sufficient to assign double-bond positions. In total, 91 FA were detected in an extract of the NZGLM, whereas previous studies of fresh flesh from the NZGLM had reported identification of 42 FA. These data demonstrate a remarkable ersity of NZGLM FA.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.06.088
Abstract: Given the reported health benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and delay in cognitive decline, we aimed to determine the level of adherence to a MedDiet using an 11-point scale and examine relationships with cognitive function and psychological well-being. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken on data from 1183 Australian adults, aged 40-65. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate mean intakes of foods included in a MedDiet and foods typically consumed in an Australian diet. Outcome measures included self-reported cognitive failures, memory, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, general health and physical function. The majority of Australians (71.7%) had a medium adherence to a MedDiet pattern. Overall MedDiet adherence was not related to cognitive function. However, intakes of plant foods associated with a MedDiet were positively associated with physical function and general health, and negatively associated with trait anxiety, depression and perceived stress. A substantial proportion of the diet in this Australian s le came from foods not typically consumed in a MedDiet. This is a major limitation when attempting to compare MedDiet adherence in different populations. Global standardisation of serving sizes and food groups are required for adequate comparison.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-07-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521002567
Abstract: Although the long-term effects of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MDP) on cognition and overall mental well-being have been consistently described, the short-term effects of the MDP on cognitive performance, mood and anxiety have not been as widely reviewed. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review were to synthesise the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT), to examine whether a MDP can alter cognition and overall mental well-being in the short-term (up to 10 d). This will also be used to identify research gaps and to inform the design of future acute RCT in the area. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception to 8 December 2020. The data were synthesised narratively with no quantitative synthesis. The detailed protocol is available on PROSPERO, with the registration number CRD42021221085. A total of 3002 studies were initially identified. After the deduplication and screening stages, four studies (three articles and one conference proceeding) were eligible to be included. Despite the very limited data obtained, the literature suggests that a MDP can improve cognition and mood in the short-term. Specifically, improvements in attention, alertness and contentment were consistently reported. A MDP appears as a promising strategy to improve short-term cognitive and mental health. A limitation of this review is the small number of studies identified therefore, future studies are required to confirm these initial novel findings and to provide granularity as to which domains are most responsive and in which population subgroups.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2018.11.003
Abstract: Given the enormous health, economic and societal consequences of the obesity pandemic, identifying effective primary prevention strategies represents a global priority. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the association between adherence to a food-based score reflecting a set of targeted, well-informed, simple dietary recommendations and the incidence of overweight/obesity. A total of 11,349 initially free of overweight/obesity young adults (mean [SD] age: 34.7 y [10.7]), were followed up biennially during a median of 9.3 years. The Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS) was created based on a priori evidence of foods associated with weight changes. The DOS positively weighted the consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, yogurt, nuts, fish, and a ratio of vegetable to animal protein whereas the consumption of red meat, processed meat, saturated animal fat, refined grains, ultra-processed food, sugary beverages, beer and spirits were inversely weighted. Energy-adjusted tertiles of each item were used to build the DOS, ranging from 14 (lowest adherence) to 42 points (highest adherence). Adherence to the DOS was calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. We assessed both incident overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m During 104,887 person-years, 2153 incident cases of overweight/obesity were identified. A higher adherence to the DOS at baseline was significantly associated with lower risk of future development of overweight/obesity [multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quintile = 0.63 (0.54-0.74)], with a significant linear dose-response relationship (p for trend < 0.001). When the analyses were updated with repeated measures, the results were similar and remained statistically significant. Consistently, increases in average yearly weight gain were significantly lower with better adherence to the DOS. In this Mediterranean cohort of university graduates, a higher adherence to a food-based score was significantly associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity and lower average annual weight gain. These findings may help counsel patients regarding dietary risks and raise awareness of weight gain before the onset of overweight/obesity.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-03-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S000711450747252X
Abstract: Consumption of fish or fish oils rich in the n -3 long chain PUFA EPA and DHA may improve multiple risk factors for CVD. The objective of this study was to determine whether regular consumption of foods enriched with n -3 long-chain PUFA can improve n -3 long-chain PUFA status (erythrocytes) and cardiovascular health. Overweight volunteers with high levels of triacylglycerols (TG ·6 mmol/l) were enrolled in a 6-month dietary intervention trial conducted in Adelaide ( n 47) and Perth ( n 39), and randomised to consume control foods or n -3-enriched foods to achieve an EPA + DHA intake of 1 g/d. Test foods were substituted for equivalent foods in their regular diet. Erythrocyte fatty acids, plasma TG and other CVD risk factors were monitored at 0, 3 and 6 months. There were no significant differences between groups for blood pressure, arterial compliance, glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) or urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) over 6 months, even though regular consumption of n -3-enriched foods increased EPA + DHA intake from 0·2 to 1·0 g/d. However, the n -3 long-chain PUFA content of erythrocytes increased by 35 and 53 % at 3 and 6 months, respectively, in subjects consuming the n -3-enriched foods. These increases were positively associated with measures of arterial compliance and negatively associated with serum CRP and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion. Sustainable increases in dietary intakes and erythrocyte levels of n -3 long-chain PUFA can be achieved through regular consumption of suitably enriched processed foods. Such increases may be associated with reduced CV risk.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-08-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15163645
Abstract: The impact of a Mediterranean diet on the intestinal microbiome has been linked to its health benefits. We aim to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods on the gut microbiome in Australians at risk of cardiovascular disease. In a randomised controlled cross-over study, 34 adults with a systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg and with risk factors for cardiovascular disease were randomly allocated to a Mediterranean diet with 3–4 daily serves of dairy foods (Australian recommended daily intake (RDI) of 1000–1300 mg per day (MedDairy)) or a low-fat (LFD) control diet. Between each 8-week diet, participants underwent an 8-week washout period. Microbiota characteristics of stool s les collected at the start and end of each diet period were determined by 16S rRNA licon sequencing. MedDairy-associated effects on bacterial relative abundance were correlated with clinical, anthropometric, and cognitive outcomes. No change in the overall faecal microbial structure or composition was observed with either diet (p 0.05). The MedDairy diet was associated with changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa, including an increase in Butyricicoccus and a decrease in Colinsella and Veillonella (p 0.05). Increases in Butyricicoccus relative abundance over 8 weeks were inversely correlated with lower systolic blood pressure (r = −0.38, p = 0.026) and positively correlated with changes in fasting glucose levels (r = 0.39, p = 0.019), specifically for the MedDairy group. No significant associations were observed between the altered taxa and anthropometric or cognitive measures (p 0.05). Compared to a low-fat control diet, the MedDairy diet resulted in changes in the abundance of specific gut bacteria, which were associated with clinical outcomes in adults at risk of CVD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-09-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-8167.2005.50007.X
Abstract: Dietary fish oil is thought to reduce sudden cardiac death by suppressing ventricular arrhythmias but little is known about its impact on atrial arrhythmias. We examined the effect of dietary fish oil on the rabbit model of stretch-induced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). Six-week-old rabbits were fed standard rabbit pellets supplemented with 5% tuna fish oil (n = 6) or supplemented with 5% sunflower oil (n = 6) for 12 weeks. Six rabbits raised on the standard diet were used as controls. In Langendorff-perfused hearts intraatrial pressures were increased in a stepwise manner and rapid burst pacing applied to induce AF at increasing intraatrial pressures until AF was sustained (>1 minute). Atrial refractory periods were recorded at each pressure. Increased atrial pressure resulted in a reduction in atrial refractory period and a propensity for induction of sustained AF. Higher pressures were needed to induce and sustain AF in the fish oil group compared with the sunflower oil and control groups. The stretch-induced drop in refractory period was also less marked in the fish oil group. Red blood cell, atrial, and ventricular omega-3 fatty acid levels were significantly higher in the fish oil group. The ratio of atrial n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was 13 +/- 0.9 with sunflower oil and 1.5 +/- 0.01 with fish oil (P < 0.001). Incorporation of dietary omega-3 fatty acids into atrial tissue reduces stretch-induced susceptibility to AF.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-12-2013
DOI: 10.3390/NU5125065
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 31-05-2017
Abstract: Background: Health benefits of a Mediterranean dietary pattern have been shown. However, there are few data on the effects of increased adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in non-Mediterranean countries. Objective: We aimed to determine whether adherence to a MedDiet would result in changes in plasma lipids, glucose and insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) in an Australian population. Methods: The study was a 6-mo parallel, randomized, controlled dietary intervention trial. We recruited 166 participants aged ≥65 y. Participants were stratified on body mass index, sex, and age and assigned to receive either a MedDiet or a habitual diet (HabDiet). The primary outcome was cognitive function, reported elsewhere. As secondary outcomes, assessment of fasting total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol triglycerides (TGs) glucose insulin hs-CRP and F2-IsoPs was completed at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. The MedDiet group followed a prescribed diet containing 15–45 mL extra-virgin olive oil/d, abundant vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, and whole grains, as well as moderate fish, poultry, and dairy foods. Dietary intake was measured by 3-d weighed food records at baseline and at 2 and 4 mo. Results were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Compared with the HabDiet, the MedDiet resulted in lower TGs at 3 mo (mean difference: −0.15 mmol/L 95% CI: −0.23, −0.07 mmol/L P 0.001) and 6 mo (mean difference: −0.09 mmol/L 95% CI: −0.18, −0.01 mmol/L P = 0.03) and lower F2-IsoPs at 3 mo (mean difference: −103.5 pmol/L 95% CI: −154.2, −52.7 pmol/L P 0.001) and 6 mo (−65.4 pmol/L 95% CI: −117.1, −13.7 pmol/L P 0.001). Lipoprotein, glucose and insulin, and hs-CRP concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: A high adherence to a MedDiet for 6 mo resulted in a significant reduction in TGs and F2-IsoPs among older Australians. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ACTRN12613000602729.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14163414
Abstract: A multitude of weight loss diets exist. However, no one diet has been proven to be superior, despite their claims. Resultingly, this creates confusion amongst consumers and conflicting nutrition messages. The aim of the ranking system was to evaluate a range of dietary pattern’s nutrition profile and financial costs, as well as their potential long-term sustainability and associated adverse effects. Nutrition profile is typically the focal point of weight loss diets with less attention focused towards other factors that may affect their suitability. Five popular diets (Keto, Paleo, Intermittent Fasting, Optifast, and 8 Weeks to Wow) and two energy restricted healthy eating principles (Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and the Mediterranean Diet) were compared for diet quality, cost, adverse effects, and support for behaviour change. In general, healthy eating principles scored more favourably compared to popular weight loss diets in all categories. Lower carbohydrate diets tended to score lower for diet quality due to restricting multiple food groups, had more associated adverse effects and did not encourage behaviour change compared to the other weight loss diets. Optifast was the only weight loss diet to receive a negative score for cost. There should be considerations when undertaking a change to dietary patterns beyond nutrition profile. Diets indeed vary in terms of diet quality, and in addition can be costly, incur adverse effects, and disregard behaviour change which is important for sustainable weight loss and maintenance. This ranking system could create a reference point for future comparisons of diets.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1007/S11745-002-0937-8
Abstract: The lipid, FA, and sterol composition of the New Zealand green lipped mussel (NZGLM, Perna canaliculus) and of the Tasmanian blue mussel (TBM, Mytilus edulis) were compared using TLC-FID and GC-MS. The respective mussel species were obtained from three different sites in both New Zealand (NZ) and Tasmania. Lipid class distribution of both mussel species was characterized by a high proportion of phospholipid (PL, 57-79%) and TG (10-25%), FFA (7-12%), and sterols (ST, 12-18%). The NZGLM had higher proportions of TG, FFA, and ST (P < 0.01), whereas the TBM had a higher proportion of PL (P < 0.01). There were higher proportions of total PUFA, saturated FA, n-3 FA, and hydroxy and nonmethylene-interrupted FA (P < 0.05) in the TBM compared with the NZGLM. The major FA in the NZGLM were 16:0 (15-17%), 20:5n-3 (14-20%), and 22:6n-3 (11-17%). The same FA dominated lipids in the TBM, although there were significantly higher proportions of 16:0 (P = 0.000) and 22:6 n-3 (P = 0.003) and lower proportions of 20:5n-3 (P = 0.0072) in the TBM. A novel PUFA, 28:8n-3, was detected in both mussels with higher amounts in the TBM, which probably reflects a greater dietary contribution of dinoflagellates for this species. Cholesterol was the dominant sterol in both mussels. Other major sterols included brassicasterol, 22-methylcholesterol, trans-22-dehydrocholesterol, and desmosterol. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the NZGLM and TBM for 12 of the 20 sterols measured. Six sterols showed significant site differences for the NZGLM, and 10 for the TBM. The differences in the FA and sterol composition between the two species may be due to the diet of the NZGLM being more diatom-derived and the diet of the TBM having a greater dinoflagellate component.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2012.03.019
Abstract: All in iduals will experience some degree of cognitive impairment in their later years. Diet is one readily modifiable factor that may influence cognitive function and psychological well-being. Very little research has considered the potential role of dairy foods in modulating cognitive and psychological functions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a high intake of reduced fat dairy food on cognitive performance. Overweight adults with habitually low dairy intakes (< two serves/day) were recruited for a 12 month crossover dietary intervention trial and randomised to a high (four serves/day) or low (one serve/day) intake of reduced fat dairy, crossing over to the alternate diet after 6 months. Participants were tested at the end of each 6 month diet period on multiple measures of cognitive performance, including memory, information processing speed, executive function, attention and abstract reasoning. In 38 participants who completed the trial (average age=52±2 years BMI=31.5±0.8 kg/m(2)), spatial working memory performance was marginally better following 6 months of the high dairy diet compared with the low dairy diet. Increasing the dairy intake of habitually low dairy consumers may have the potential to improve working memory.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-12-2020
Abstract: Artificial intelligence virtual health assistants are a promising emerging technology. This study is a process evaluation of a 12-week pilot physical activity and diet program delivered by virtual assistant “Paola”. This single-arm repeated measures study (n = 28, aged 45–75 years) was evaluated on technical performance (accuracy of conversational exchanges), engagement (number of weekly check-ins completed), adherence (percentage of step goal and recommended food servings), and user feedback. Paola correctly asked scripted questions and responded to participants during the check-ins 97% and 96% of the time, respectively, but correctly responded to spontaneous exchanges only 21% of the time. Participants completed 63% of weekly check-ins and conducted a total of 3648 exchanges. Mean dietary adherence was 91% and was lowest for discretionary foods, grains, red meat, and vegetables. Participants met their step goal 59% of the time. Participants enjoyed the program and found Paola useful during check-ins but not for spontaneous exchanges. More in-depth knowledge, personalized advice and spontaneity were identified as important improvements. Virtual health assistants should ensure an adequate knowledge base and ability to recognize intents and entities, include personality and spontaneity, and provide ongoing technical troubleshooting of the virtual assistant to ensure the assistant remains effective.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14153098
Abstract: Mediterranean populations enjoy the health benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), but is it feasible to implement such a pattern beyond the Mediterranean region? The MedLey trial, a 6-month MedDiet intervention vs habitual diet in older Australians, demonstrated that the participants could maintain high adherence to a MedDiet for 6 months. The MedDiet resulted in improved systolic blood pressure (BP), endothelial dilatation, oxidative stress, and plasma triglycerides in comparison with the habitual diet. We sought to determine if 12 months after finishing the MedLey study, the participants maintained their adherence to the MedDiet principles and whether the reduction in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that were seen in the trial were sustained. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, and a 15-point MedDiet adherence score (MDAS greater score = greater adherence) was calculated. Home BP was measured over 6 days, BMI was assessed, and fasting plasma triglycerides were measured. The data were analysed using intention-to-treat linear mixed effects models with a group × time interaction term, comparing data at baseline, 2, 4, and 18 months (12 months post-trial). At 18 months (12 months after finishing the MedLey study), the MedDiet group had a MDAS of 7.9 ± 0.3, compared to 9.6 ± 0.2 at 4 months (p 0.0001), and 6.7 ± 0.2 (p 0.0001), at baseline. The MDAS in the HabDiet group remained unchanged over the 18-month period (18 months 6.9 ± 0.3, 4 months 6.9 ± 0.2, baseline 6.7 ± 0.2). In the MedDiet group, the consumption of olive oil, legumes, fish, and vegetables remained higher (p 0.01, compared with baseline) and discretionary food consumption remained lower (p = 0.02) at 18 months. These data show that some MedDiet principles could be adhered to for 12 months after finishing the MedLey trial. However, improvements in cardiometabolic health markers, including BP and plasma triglycerides, were not sustained. The results indicate that further dietary support for behaviour change may be beneficial to maintaining high adherence and metabolic benefits of the MedDiet.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S00535-005-1551-X
Abstract: Lyprinol (Pharmalink International), the stabilised lipid extract of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel, is currently used to relieve symptoms of arthritis. We investigated the effect of pretreatment with Lyprinol (LYP) on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (aged 6 weeks) were gavaged daily for 13 days with (150 microl) olive oil (OO n = 7), fish oil (FO n = 8), or LYP (n = 8). Mice consumed 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 6 days, starting on day 7. Body weight and disease activity index (DAI) scores were recorded daily. Colonic damage was determined by histopathology. Colonic inflammation was quantified by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. LYP treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced body weight loss, DAI scores, crypt area losses, and cecum and colon weights, compared with FO treatment. MPO activity was not significantly affected by any treatment. These findings provide preliminary evidence that Lyprinol may be potentially useful in ameliorating symptoms of IBD. The benefit, however, is unlikely to be due to the omega-3 fatty acid content. Dose-response evaluation of Lyprinol in experimental IBD is warranted.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S59473
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-06-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521002282
Abstract: There is limited information regarding the nutrition profile and diet quality of meal plans from currently popular weight loss (WL) diets in Australia. This includes the energy content (kilojoules), the macronutrient distribution and the micronutrient composition. Further, these diets have not been compared with current government guidelines and healthy eating principles (HEP) for nutritional adequacy. Popular diets were identified through grey literature, trending searches and relative popularity in Australia. Meal plans for each diet were analysed using Foodworks Dietary Software to determine food group intake, micronutrient and macronutrient distribution. The results indicated that all popular diets assessed deviated from government recommended HEP such as the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and the Mediterranean diet. In most cases, both popular diets and the HEP had low intakes of multiple food groups, low intakes of essential micronutrients and a distorted macronutrient distribution. Popular diets may not provide adequate nutrition to meet needs, particularly in the long term and potentially resulting in micronutrient deficiency. When energy restricting for WL, meal plans should be highly in idualised in conjunction with a qualified nutrition professional to ensure adequate dietary intake.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-08-2022
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-08-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521003251
Abstract: Chronic inflammation is known to be a predominant factor in the development of many age-related conditions including CVD, type II diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that during the ageing process there is an increase in inflammatory biomarkers, which may be partially brought about by detrimental changes in the gut microbiota. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity (PA) are protective against inflammation and chronic disease, and emerging evidence has shown that these effects may be partially mediated through favourable changes in the gut microbiota. In this review, we have evaluated the published literature on the effect of a MedDiet and PA on the gut microbiota. We also discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and inflammation with a focus on healthy ageing. While inconsistent study designs make forming definitive conclusions challenging, the current evidence suggests that both a MedDiet and PA are capable of modifying the gut microbiota in a way that is beneficial to host health. For ex le, the increases in the relative abundance of SCFA producing bacteria that are considered to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Modification of the gut microbiota through a MedDiet and PA presents as a potential method to attenuate age-related increases in inflammation, and additional studies utilising older in iduals are needed to fill the knowledge gaps existing in current literature.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.2147/JHL.S24271
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-05-2016
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 2023
Abstract: We identify for wild, free-living short-beaked echidnas ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ) a novel evaporative window, along with thermal windows, and demonstrate the insulating properties of the spines, using infrared thermography. The moist tip of their beak, with an underlying blood sinus, functions as a wet bulb globe thermometer, maximizing evaporative heat loss via an evaporative window. The ventral surface and insides of the legs are poorly insulated sites that act as postural thermal windows, while the spines provide flexible insulation (depending on piloerection). These avenues of heat exchange likely contribute to the higher-than-expected thermal tolerance of this species. Our study highlights how technological advances that allow for non-contact measurement of thermal variables allow us to better understand the physiological capacity of animals in their natural environment.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9121283
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-02-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9020145
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-07-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11130-013-0370-0
Abstract: Antioxidant compounds, contained in fruit, vegetables and tea, have been postulated to have a protective effect against age-related cognitive decline by combating oxidative stress. However, recent research on this subject has been conflicting. The aim of this systematic review was to consider current epidemiological and longitudinal evidence for an association between habitual dietary intake of antioxidants and cognition, with consideration given to both cognitive functioning and risk for dementia and its subtypes, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Searches of electronic databases were undertaken to identify peer-reviewed journal articles that reported on associations between antioxidant intakes (vitamins C, E, flavonoids, carotenoids) and cognitive function or risk for dementia. Eight cross-sectional and 13 longitudinal studies were identified and included in the review. There were mixed findings for the association between antioxidant intake, cognition and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Large heterogeneity in study design, differential control of confounders, insufficient measures of cognitive performance, and difficulties associated with dietary assessment may contribute to the inconsistent findings. Overall, findings do not consistently show habitual intakes of dietary antioxidants are associated with better cognitive performance or a reduced risk for dementia. Future intervention trials are warranted to elucidate the effects of a high intake of dietary antioxidants on cognitive functioning, and to explore effects within a whole dietary pattern.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
Abstract: Flavonoids may be partly responsible for some health benefits, including antiinflammatory action and a decreased tendency for the blood to clot. An acute dose of flavanols and oligomeric procyanidins from cocoa powder inhibits platelet activation and function over 6 h in humans. This study sought to evaluate whether 28 d of supplementation with cocoa flavanols and related procyanidin oligomers would modulate human platelet reactivity and primary hemostasis and reduce oxidative markers in vivo. Thirty-two healthy subjects were assigned to consume active (234 mg cocoa flavanols and procyanidins/d) or placebo (< or = 6 mg cocoa flavanols and procyanidins/d) tablets in a blinded parallel-designed study. Platelet function was determined by measuring platelet aggregation, ATP release, and expression of activation-dependent platelet antigens by using flow cytometry. Plasma was analyzed for oxidation markers and antioxidant status. Plasma concentrations of epicatechin and catechin in the active group increased by 81% and 28%, respectively, during the intervention period. The active group had significantly lower P selectin expression and significantly lower ADP-induced aggregation and collagen-induced aggregation than did the placebo group. Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in the active than in the placebo group (P < 0.05), whereas plasma oxidation markers and antioxidant status did not change in either group. Cocoa flavanol and procyanidin supplementation for 28 d significantly increased plasma epicatechin and catechin concentrations and significantly decreased platelet function. These data support the results of acute studies that used higher doses of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-05-2014
DOI: 10.3390/NU6051850
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARR.2015.10.005
Abstract: The rise in the ageing population has resulted in increased incident rates of cognitive impairment and dementia. The subsequent financial and societal burden placed on an already strained public health care system is of increasing concern. Evidence from recent studies has revealed modification of lifestyle and dietary behaviours is, at present, the best means of prevention. Some of the most important findings, in relation to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the contemporary Western diet, and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these two diets on age-related cognitive function, are discussed in this review. A major aim of this review was to discuss whether or not a MedDiet intervention would be a feasible preventative approach against cognitive decline for older adults living in Western countries. Critical appraisal of the literature does somewhat support this idea. Demonstrated evidence highlights the MedDiet as a potential strategy to reduce cognitive decline in older age, and suggests the Western diet may play a role in the aetiology of cognitive decline. However, strong intrinsic Western socio-cultural values, traditions and norms may impede on the feasibility of this notion.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2015.11.001
Abstract: Hypocaloric low-fat diets, high in protein with moderate carbohydrate (HP) can enhance weight loss, improve glycaemic control and improve cardiometabolic health risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unclear whether the metabolic benefits observed during weight loss are sustained during energy-balance and weight maintenance. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of HP diets on food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in T2DM, despite carbohydrate food cravings, cognitive impairment and depression being associated with hyperglycaemia. Overweight/obese adults with T2DM were randomised to consume either a HP diet (n=32, ~32% protein, 33% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or a higher-carbohydrate diet (HC, n=29, ~22% protein, 51% carbohydrate, 22% fat) for 24 weeks with 30 min of moderate intensity exercise five days/week for the study duration. There were 2 phases: a 12 week weight loss phase followed by a 12 week weight maintenance phase. Primary outcome was glycaemic control (glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk factors (body composition, fasting blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein), food cravings, cognitive function (memory psychomotor and executive function and psychological well-being. Outcomes were measured at baseline and the end of each 12-week intervention phase. Data will be analysed as intention-to-treat using linear mixed effects models. This study will examine the effects of two dietary interventions on health outcomes in T2DM during weight loss and notably following weight maintenance where there is a paucity of evidence.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-07-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11071521
Abstract: Abstract: Background: The Mediterranean diet may be capable of improving cognitive function. However, the red meat restrictions of the diet could impact long-term adherence in Western populations. The current study therefore examined the cognitive effects of a Mediterranean diet with additional red meat. Methods: A 24-week parallel crossover design compared a Mediterranean diet with 2–3 weekly servings of fresh, lean pork (MedPork) and a low-fat (LF) control diet. Thirty-five participants aged between 45 and 80 years and at risk of cardiovascular disease followed each intervention for 8 weeks, separated by an 8-week washout period. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Psychological well-being was measured through the SF-36 Health Survey and mood was measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Results: During the MedPork intervention, participants consumed an average of 3 weekly servings of fresh pork. Compared to LF, the MedPork intervention led to higher processing speed performance (p = 0.01) and emotional role functioning (p = 0.03). No other significant differences were observed between diets. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a Mediterranean diet inclusive of fresh, lean pork can be adhered to by an older non-Mediterranean population while leading to positive cognitive outcomes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719728
Abstract: To evaluate the potential for a mixture of policosanol extracted from sunflower oil (SFP) to lower blood cholesterol levels in comparison to sugar cane policosanol (SCP) in rabbits. Twenty three Semi-lop rabbits were blocked into three groups matched on fasting plasma cholesterol levels then randomly assigned to one of three parallel treatment arms: Control (Vehicle 28.6% sunflower oil/70% water/1.4% emulsifier) n = 7 SFP, 100 mg/kg in vehicle, n = 8 SCP, 100 mg/kg in vehicle, n = 8. Rabbits were gavaged once every two days for four weeks. Blood was collected and analysed for plasma lipids. Total cholesterol, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol increased significantly following SCP supplementation relative to the control. SFP supplementation had no effect. Triglyceride levels decreased significantly following all dietary treatments (P < 0.05), possibly due to the emulsifier. Dietary supplementation of normocholesterolemic rabbits with policosanol from sunflower oil does not appear to have any cholesterol lowering effect. A similar lack of efficacy observed with the commercial SCP product which we evaluated raises doubts about the purported cholesterol-lowering efficacy of these products, as reflected in the current literature.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-08-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-05-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9060534
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-09-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8090579
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-02-2014
DOI: 10.3390/NU6020682
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JCH.14068
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15020366
Abstract: Increasing evidence supports that a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, events, and mortality. This randomized trial sought to determine if a change to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a reduction in the DII score, and then it evaluated the relationship between the DII and cardiometabolic outcomes following the administration of a traditional Mediterranean diet in older Australian adults. A total of 152 Australian adults (mean age 71 ± 5 years) was randomly allocated either a MedDiet (n = 80) or to continue their habitual diet (HabDiet) (n = 72) for 6 months. Diet and cardiovascular outcomes were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months of the intervention. DII and energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) scores were calculated from 3-day weighed food records. There was a significant reduction in the DII score at 2 and 4 months for the MedDiet group (−1.40 ± 0.20 p 0.001 and −1.47 ± 0.20 p 0.001, respectively), which was significantly different from the HabDiet group over time (p 0.001). The HabDiet DII score did not change significantly at the 2 and 4 months timepoints (0.47 ± 0.21 p = 0.35 and 0.54 ± 0.21 p = 0.21, respectively). The improvement in the DII in the MedDiet group was not related to any cardiometabolic outcome. Baseline cross-sectional analyses identified a positive association between the E-DII score and average BMI, body weight, WHR, abdominal adiposity, and SBP, and a negative association with HDL-C. We demonstrate that a MedDiet intervention significantly reduced DII scores compared with a habitual Australian diet in older Australians. This could be beneficial for healthy ageing and the avoidance of chronic disease in Western populations.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507707286
Abstract: CVD is associated with a cellular inflammatory/immune response. n -3 PUFA and moderate aerobic exercise independently alter cytokine production and leucocyte function. There is limited evidence for the combined effect of these treatments on immune function, particularly in patients with risk factors for CVD. We hypothesised that exercise would enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of n -3 PUFA. In a randomised, placebo-controlled study, fifty volunteers were allocated double-blind to consume either sunflower oil (6 g/d, placebo) or DHA-rich fish oil (6 g/d about 2 g n -3 PUFA 1·6 g DHA /d) for 12 weeks. Volunteers were further randomised to undertake regular exercise (walking 3 d/week for 45 min at 75 % of maximum heart rate) or maintain their usual physical activity for 12 weeks. Immune functions were assessed in blood taken initially and after 12 weeks. There was no effect on cytokine production by T cells and monocytes. Superoxide anion production from stimulated blood neutrophils was decreased by fish oil (19·5 ( sem 8·5) %, P = 0·016) but not by exercise, and this change was negatively correlated with the incorporation of DHA into erythrocytes ( r –0·385, P = 0·047). Participation in regular exercise maintained neutrophil bactericidal activity, which decreased in non-exercising subjects (2·9 ( sem 0·7) %, P = 0·013). Neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence were not significantly affected by exercise, oil, or the combination of the two. Thus the combination of moderate exercise and fish-oil supplementation, which reduces cardiovascular risk, may also help to counteract inflammation.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8050289
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-11-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2015
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1159/000090498
Abstract: i Background: /i This study evaluated the dose-response effects of α-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharide, on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to the consumption of a standard carbohydrate meal. i Methods: /i In a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design, 10 healthy subjects consumed boiled white rice containing 50 g of digestible carbohydrate to which 0 (control), 2, 5 or 10 g of α-cyclodextrin was added. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined prior to and for 2 h after consumption of each meal. i Results: /i The area under the plasma glucose curve was negatively related to the dose of α-cyclodextrin (r sup /sup = 0.97, p = 0.02), with the areas being significantly reduced at the 5- and 10-gram doses compared with the control (p 0.05). α-Cyclodextrin did not affect the area under the plasma insulin curve (p = 0.39). Higher doses of α-cyclodextrin resulted in greater satiety, but were associated with reduced palatability and an increased incidence of minor gastrointestinal complaints (stomach ache, nausea, bloating). i Conclusion: /i α-Cyclodextrin reduces the glycaemic response to a standard carbohydrate meal in a dose-dependent manner and may be useful as an ingredient for reducing the glycaemic impact of such foods.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADA.2005.09.001
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of consuming a variety of foods enriched in long-chain n-3 fatty acids in low fish eaters. Evaluation of reported dietary intakes in a 6-month, double-blind, randomized, controlled parallel design trial. Eighty-five men and women with overweight and mildly elevated triglyceride levels who have a low habitual intake of fish. Subjects were randomized to consume foods either enriched in long-chain n-3 fats or control foods (not enriched). Subjects were asked to consume eight portions per day (equivalent to approximately 1 g/day long-chain n-3 fatty acid if randomized to the intervention). Reported energy, macronutrient, and fatty acid intakes were measured by diet history, 3-day food records, and body weight. Repeated measures analysis of variance, Kruskall-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots were conducted. The two groups did not differ in mean dietary intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake at baseline (258 mg and 313 mg for the intervention and control groups, respectively). At 6 months the intervention group members increased their intake of long-chain n-3 fats 4.5-fold compared with baseline and with the control group (P<.001). The data from the diet histories correlated well with the food records for all reported macronutrient and fatty acid values. Food pattern analysis showed that milk (13.8%), cereal (12.1%), and bread (11.3%) contributed the most to the overall long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake in the intervention group. This long-term study in free-living subjects indicates that population intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids could be substantially increased through the availability of a variety of n-3 fatty acid-enriched processed foods.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-03-2021
Abstract: Women consuming a strictly vegan lant-based diet may be at increased risk of low iodine intake due to avoidance of animal products containing iodine. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the iodine excretion and intake in women consuming vegan lant based diets compared with women consuming omnivore diets. Fifty-seven women (n = 31 plant-based, n = 26 omnivores), provided two spot urine s les to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Two days of dietary intake were also recorded by participants. As the data were not normally distributed results are reported as median (IQR). UIC was significantly different between groups, 44 (26–66) µg/L in the vegan lant-based group versus 64 (40–88) µg/L in omnivores (p 0.05). UIC did not meet the µg/L level recommended by the World Health Organization. Iodine intake was also significantly different, 78 (62–91) µg/day in the vegan lant-based group and 125 (86–175) µg/day in the omnivores (p = 0.000). Iodine intake and bread intake were correlated with iodine excretion (CC 0.410–4.11, p = 0.003). These data indicate iodine insufficiency in both groups of women as the median values were below the minimum WHO recommendation. A larger study assessing iodine excretion in the Australian women of reproductive age who are not pregnant or breastfeeding is needed to confirm these findings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11883-018-0732-Z
Abstract: Populations surrounding the Mediterranean basin have traditionally reaped health benefits from a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), which may benefit Westernized countries plagued by chronic disease. But is it feasible to implement beyond the Mediterranean? To answer this question, we present evidence from randomized controlled trials that achieved high dietary compliance rates with subsequent physical and mental health benefits. In the 1960s, the Seven Countries Study identified dietary qualities of Mediterranean populations associated with healthy aging and longevity. The PREDIMED study confirmed reductions in CVD-related mortality with a MedDiet a meta-analysis in over 4.7 million people showed reduced mortality, CVD-related mortality, and reduced risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Continually emerging research supports the MedDiet's benefits for chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancers, liver disease, type 2 diabetes, depression, and anxiety. We summarize components of studies outside the Mediterranean that achieved high compliance to a Med-style diet: dietitian led, dietary education, goal setting, mindfulness recipe books, meal plans, and food checklists food h ers regular contact between volunteers and staff through regular cooking classes clinic visits and recipes that are simple, palatable, and affordable. The next step is testing the MedDiet's feasibility in the community. Potential obstacles include access to dietetic/health care professionals, high meat intake, pervasive processed foods, and fast food outlets. For Western countries to promote a Med-style diet, collective support from government, key stakeholders and policy makers, food industry, retailers, and health professionals is needed to ensure the healthiest choice is the easiest choice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMET.2017.12.001
Abstract: Exercise stimulates the release of molecules into the circulation, supporting the concept that inter-tissue signaling proteins are important mediators of adaptations to exercise. Recognizing that many circulating proteins are packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs), we employed quantitative proteomic techniques to characterize the exercise-induced secretion of EV-contained proteins. Following a 1-hr bout of cycling exercise in healthy humans, we observed an increase in the circulation of over 300 proteins, with a notable enrichment of several classes of proteins that compose exosomes and small vesicles. Pulse-chase and intravital imaging experiments suggested EVs liberated by exercise have a propensity to localize in the liver and can transfer their protein cargo. Moreover, by employing arteriovenous balance studies across the contracting human limb, we identified several novel candidate myokines, released into circulation independently of classical secretion. These data identify a new paradigm by which tissue crosstalk during exercise can exert systemic biological effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-12447-4
Abstract: Weight loss diets continue to rise in popularity however, the associated costs are seldom reported. Certain weight loss diets may be unaffordable and differ from their traditional nutrition composition to include non-conventional premium products. In contrast, healthy eating principles such as the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) and the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) place an emphasis on fresh produce and staple foods but are sometimes thought to be unaffordable. A new methodology was piloted to assess the cost of weight loss diets using seven meal plans. Seven meal plans were analysed to quantify the absolute grams required of all ingredients across seven days and multiplied by the cost of the ingredient per gram to determine the total cost of each ingredient based on unit size and price. The weekly grocery shopping cost was determined through summation of all ingredients and their entire unit size to compare weekly costs. Weekly meal plans (absolute grams) cost between $93-193AUD. The AGHE meal plan was the least expensive and 8 Weeks to Wow was the most expensive. Weekly grocery shopping of entire units cost between $345-$625AUD, over $100AUD greater than the spending of an average Australian ($237AUD/week). The financial feasibility for long-term sustainment of weight loss diets may be questionable for groups including low-income earners and low socioeconomic status. Further, when dietary patterns are adapted for weight loss, or followed by consumers, deviations from foundational principles tend to occur which may influence overall cost.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-09-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519001168
Abstract: The Mediterranean diet offers a range of health benefits. However, previous studies indicate that the restricted consumption of red meat in the diet may affect long-term sustainability in non-Mediterranean countries. A 24-week randomised controlled parallel cross-over design compared a Mediterranean diet supplemented with 2–3 serves per week of fresh, lean pork (MedPork) with a low-fat control diet (LF). Thirty-three participants at risk of CVD followed each intervention for 8 weeks, with an 8-week washout period separating interventions. The primary outcome was home-measured systolic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes included diastolic blood pressure, fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), body composition and dietary adherence. During the MedPork intervention, participants achieved high adherence to dietary guidelines. Compared with the MedPork intervention, the LF intervention led to greater reductions in weight (Δ = −0·65 95 % CI −0·04, −1·25 kg, P = 0·04), BMI (Δ = −0·25 95 % CI −0·03, −0·47 kg/m 2 , P = 0·01) and waist circumference (Δ = −1·40 95 % CI −0·45, −2·34 cm, P 0·01). No significant differences were observed for blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin or CRP. These findings indicate that Australians are capable of adhering to a Mediterranean diet with 2–3 weekly serves of fresh, lean pork. Larger intervention studies are now required to demonstrate clinical efficacy of the diet in populations with elevated blood pressure.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1159/000320987
Abstract: i Background: /i Diet is a modifiable factor that could be targeted as an appropriate intervention to optimise cognitive health and well-being in ageing. i Aim: /i The aim of this systematic review was to consider current evidence for an association between dairy intake and cognitive functioning. i Methods: /i Searches of the electronic databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsychInfo were undertaken to identify peer-reviewed journal articles that reported on associations between dairy consumption and cognitive outcomes. i Results: /i Three cross-sectional and 5 prospective studies were identified. Poorer cognitive function and an increased risk for vascular dementia were found to be associated with a lower consumption of milk or dairy products. However, the consumption of whole-fat dairy products may be associated with cognitive decline in the elderly. i Conclusion: /i Methodological variability and study limitations do not enable conclusions regarding optimal dairy intake and cognitive performance to be drawn. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the relationship between dairy intake and cognition.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1186/AR2426
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-07-2012
DOI: 10.3390/NU4070711
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-11-2015
DOI: 10.3390/NU7115459
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-047888
Abstract: Approximately 40% of late-life dementia may be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, including physical activity and diet. Yet, it is currently unknown how multiple lifestyle factors interact to influence cognition. The ACTIVate Study aims to (1) explore associations between 24-hour time-use and diet compositions with changes in cognition and brain function and (2) identify duration of time-use behaviours and the dietary compositions to optimise cognition and brain function. This 3-year prospective longitudinal cohort study will recruit 448 adults aged 60–70 years across Adelaide and Newcastle, Australia. Time-use data will be collected through wrist-worn activity monitors and the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults. Dietary intake will be assessed using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire. The primary outcome will be cognitive function, assessed using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III. Secondary outcomes include structural and functional brain measures using MRI, cerebral arterial pulse measured with diffuse optical tomography, neuroplasticity using simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography, and electrophysiological markers of cognitive control using event-related potential and time frequency analyses. Compositional data analysis, testing for interactions between time point and compositions, will assess longitudinal associations between dependent (cognition, brain function) and independent (time-use and diet compositions) variables. The ACTIVate Study will be the first to examine associations between time-use and diet compositions, cognition and brain function. Our findings will inform new avenues for multidomain interventions that may more effectively account for the co-dependence between activity and diet behaviours for dementia prevention. Ethics approval has been obtained from the University of South Australia’s Human Research Ethics committee (202639). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, targeted media releases and community engagement events. Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001659190).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2008.01.011
Abstract: Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) can improve cardiovascular (CV) function. This study examined the effects of n-3 on endurance performance, recovery and CV risk factors in elite Australian Rules football players. 25 players were randomised, double-blind, to 6 g/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil (FO n=12) or sunflower oil (SO n=13) during 5 weeks of training. At baseline erythrocyte n-3 content, resting blood pressure (BP), fasting serum triglycerides (TG) and heart rate (HR) during treadmill running at 10 km/h were assessed. Two treadmill runs (T1 and T2) to exhaustion, separated by 5 min, were then performed at the average speed for a recent 2200 m time-trial. After 5 weeks, erythrocyte n-3 increased (FO 3.8+/-0.6%, SO 0.6+/-0.3% P<0.001) while TG (FO -0.32+/-0.09 mmol l(-1), SO 0.08+/-0.05 mmol l(-1) P<0.001), diastolic BP (FO 1.3+/-1.3 mmHg, SO 6.8+/-1.7 mmHg P=0.04) and HR during submaximal exercise (FO -7.8+/-2.3 beats min(-1), SO -1.9+/-1.9 beats min(-1) P=0.03) decreased in FO compared with SO. Time to exhaustion (TTE) during T1 increased by Week 5 (FO 10.2+/-2.2%, SO 17.3+/-4.3% P<0.001 for time). Recovery (TTE for T2 as % T1) decreased in both groups (FO, -3.4+/-4.5%, SO -8.8+/-3.9% P=0.05 for time). We conclude that 5 weeks of supplementation with FO improved CV function and reduced CV risk factors, but did not improve endurance performance or recovery in elite Australian Rules footballers.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUTRES.2018.10.006
Abstract: Flavonoid consumption has reported health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, improving endothelial function, and delaying age-related cognitive decline. However, there are little dietary intake data for Australians, which limit our ability to make dietary recommendations to increase intakes to a level where health benefits are seen. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the intake of flavonoids, flavonoid classes, and flavonoid subclasses of 1183 Australians aged 39 to 65 years using a validated 215-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on limited global flavonoid intake data, flavanols are the major dietary flavonoid and are found predominantly in tea and cocoa. As Australians are large tea drinkers, we anticipated that flavanols would be the major flavonoid in the Australian diet. The flavonoid content of foods was determined using a combination of the United States Department of Agriculture Databases and the Phenol-Explorer Database. One-way analysis of variance was undertaken to examine differences between flavonoid intake between men and women. Total flavonoid intake was 626 ± 579 mg/d. Men and women consumed 566 ± 559 mg and 660 ± 588 mg of total flavonoids per day, respectively. Thearubigin accounted for 58% of the flavonoid intake. Women consumed more total flavonoids, thearubigins (both P < .01), anthocyanidins (P < .0001), flavan-3-ols, flavones, and flavonols (all P < .05) than men, whereas men consumed more flavanones than women (P = .01). There was no difference between sexes for the consumption of isoflavones. The data indicated that flavan-3-ols, predominantly thearubigin from tea, were the main flavonoid consumed by Australians. This information contributes to population flavonoid intakes, which should be considered when exploring flavonoid and health relationships.
No related grants have been discovered for Karen Murphy.