ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9713-8545
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Abstract: There is little consensus as to the most appropriate methodology for the measurement of gastrointestinal pH in chickens. An experiment was conducted to establish the optimum s ling method for the determination of broiler digesta pH in birds fed differing levels of dietary calcium. Ross 308 broilers (n = 60) were fed 1 of 2 experimental diets, one containing 0.8% monocalcium phosphate and 2% limestone and one containing 0.4% monocalcium phosphate and 1% limestone. Four factors were investigated to determine the most appropriate method of measuring broiler gastrointestinal digesta pH: removal from the tract, prolonged air exposure, altering the temperature of the assay, and controlling the water content of the digesta. The conditions were assessed at bird ages from 7 to 42 d posthatch. Dietary Ca content had no significant effect on in situ pH, but it contributed toward variance in ex situ pH of both gizzard and duodenum digesta. Digesta pH read higher when the digesta was removed from the tract, but the amount of time the digesta was exposed to air did not affect the reading. Digesta pH read higher when measured at room temperature than when measured at 41°C temperature made the strongest unique contribution to explaining variance in duodenum pH, and the second strongest contribution to explaining variance in gizzard pH, after diet. When water was added to the digesta, before pH determination, the pH of the digesta read higher (P < 0.001) than when measured in situ. The method that resulted in pH readings that were most representative of bird gastrointestinal environment was insertion of a pH probe directly into the gut lumen posteuthanasia, because measurement ex situ likely encourages dissociation of carbonic acid, the major buffer in the gastrointestinal tract, which causes pH to read to be higher than when measured in situ. This study shows that the method of pH measurement needs careful consideration to ensure the validity of the result.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-05-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/ANI12050547
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharides (sNSP) on performance and nutrient utilisation in broilers from d 0 to 35. Cobb 500 broilers (n = 480, 80 birds per treatment) were fed either wheat- or corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated to contain either a high, medium, or low sNSP content, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, fed as Starter (d 0–14) and Grower (d 14–35). Birds fed the low sNSP level presented greater BWG at d 0–14 and lower feed intake at d 14–35 compared to birds fed the medium sNSP level (p 0.005). At d 14, birds fed the high sNSP level presented greater ileal and total tract starch digestibility and total tract sNSP degradability and insoluble NSP degradability, compared to feeding the low sNSP level. At d 35, total tract DM and metabolisability of gross energy was greater in birds fed the medium sNSP level compared to those fed the high or low sNSP level (p 0.005). Generally, bird performance and nutrient utilisation was greater in birds fed the corn-based diets compared to the wheat-based diets. These results illustrate that dietary sNSP level and composition influences bird performance and nutrient digestibility.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13384
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13022
Abstract: Australia has an ageing population. Given the concomitant increase in the numbers and proportion of risky drinkers among older adults, research examining contributory factors is a priority. The current study examined older adults' estimates of the NHMRC low-risk drinking guidelines, consumption patterns and associated harms and self-identification of drinking type. Data from respondents aged 50+ years (N = 11 886) in the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey were subjected to secondary analyses. Estimates of low-risk drinking levels, perceived level of harm from current drinking, self-identification of drinking type and awareness of standard drinks and labelling were included. Data were examined for those aged 50-59 years and 60+. Seventeen percent of older Australians drank at both long-term and short-term risk levels. Approximately 39% of males and 11% of females overestimated the long-term low-risk levels and 54% of males and 20% of females overestimated the short-term low-risk levels. Overestimation was highest among risky drinkers. Most older risky drinkers were aware of standard drinks and labelling however, less than half perceived their drinking as harmful, instead identifying as social drinkers. Although substantial gaps are evident in older respondents' estimates of low-risk drinking, additional public awareness c aigns are likely to be of limited use. Older peoples' engagement with the public health system presents 'windows of opportunity' to provide targeted, age-appropriate harm reduction strategies. Appropriate intervention and policy responses are required to direct resources to this emerging area of concern.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1970
DOI: 10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2019.115645
Abstract: Xylan hydrolysis into xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) was evaluated both in the gizzard and ileum of broiler chickens, and by a 2-step in vitro digestion assay that simulated the pH, temperature and time period of the gastric and small intestine (SI) phases. Twelve dietary treatments with varying soluble and insoluble xylan levels, either with or without supplemental xylanase, were fed to broiler chickens (n = 576) for the in situ analysis, and were exposed to the in vitro assay. Relatedness of the two methods was strong for determination of XOS production in all dietary treatments for X
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.3382/JAPR/PFX015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 03-07-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-03-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.880876
Abstract: 1. In vitro assays provide a rapid and economical tool to evaluate dietary effects, but have limitations. In this study, the effect of phytase supplementation on solubility, and presumed availability, of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in soya bean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) based diets were evaluated both in situ and by a two-step in vitro digestion assay that simulated the gastric and small intestine (SI) phases of digestion. 2. Comparison of the in vitro findings to in situ findings was used to evaluate the in vitro assay. Ross 308 broilers (n = 192) were fed on one of 6 SBM or RSM diets supplemented with 0, 500 or 5000 FTU/kg phytase from 0 to 28 d post hatch. The 6 diets and raw SBM and RSM were exposed to a two-step in vitro assay. Ca and P solubility and pH in the gizzard and jejunal digesta and in the gastric and SI phase of in vitro digestion were measured. 3. Both in vitro and in situ analyses detected that Ca solubility was lowest when diets were supplemented with 500 FTU/kg phytase, compared to the control diets and diets supplemented with 5000 FTU/kg phytase. Phosphorus solubility increased with increasing phytase level. Both methods also identified that mineral solubility plateaus in the gastric phase. 4. Overall relationship of the two methods was strong for both determination of gastric phase Ca and P solubility (r = 0.96 and 0.92, respectively) and also SI phase Ca and P solubility (r = 0.71 and 0.82, respectively). However, mineral solubility and pH were higher when measured in vitro than in situ, and the in situ assay identified an interaction among the effects of phase, protein source and phytase inclusion level on Ca solubility that the in vitro assay did not detect. 5. This two-step in vitro assay successfully predicted phytase efficacy, but to determine detailed response effects in the animal, in situ data is still required.
Publisher: Common Ground Research Networks
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JPN.13145
Abstract: The titanium dioxide (TiO
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2017.03.063
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of xylanases from families 10 and 11 on the production of small chain arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) (X
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13250
Abstract: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) work can be highly meaningful and satisfying, but also intense and highly demanding. This combination often creates significant strain for workers. Mirroring this complexity, this study considered the predictors and outcomes of the concurrent experience of burnout and engagement in AOD workers. The Job Demands‐Resources model informed the study. This study utilised data from a recent Australian AOD workforce survey. The s le comprised 886 workers in direct client service roles. K‐means cluster analysis on burnout and engagement measures identified four discrete groups: burnt out (15.6%) (high burnout/low engagement), engaged (36.7%) (low burnout/high engagement), overextended (26.5%) (high burnout/high engagement) and indifferent (21.2%) (low burnout/low engagement). Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that workers were more likely to be burnt out or overextended, rather than engaged, if they reported high work intensity, low organisational openness to change and low support. Multivariate analysis of variance showed burnt‐out workers had the least favourable and engaged respondents the most favourable outcomes on job satisfaction, turnover intention, health and life quality. Overextended workers were comparable to indifferent workers on these outcomes. This study offers a unique and nuanced view of AOD worker wellbeing. For the one‐quarter of workers reporting simultaneous burnout and engagement, their enthusiasm and commitment did not protect them from poor personal and organisational outcomes typically linked with burnout. The need for systemic and structural interventions is clearly indicated, including open and supportive organisational cultures, leadership development and adequate staffing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.3382/PS/PEW394
Abstract: Zinc (Zn) is the most vulnerable cation to complexation with phytate. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of measurements of Zn concentration in the gastrointestinal tract as a marker to assess the anti-nutritional impact of phytate and susceptibility of phytate to phytase in broilers. Ross 308 broilers (n = 180) were fed one of 5 experimental diets with differing phytase activity levels, analyzed at 605, 1150, 1804, 3954, and 5925 U/kg. Broiler performance and Zn concentration, pH, and amount of phytate hydrolyzed in the gizzard, duodenum, and ileum were analyzed at d 21 post hatch. Phytate susceptibility to phytase degradation was determined in vivo and in vitro by measuring total phytate-P hydrolyzed in the tract or in conditions that mimicked the tract, respectively. Phytase activity level had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on Zn concentration and phytate hydrolyzed in the gizzard and ileum, but not in the duodenum. Strong relationships were observed between the amount of phytate hydrolyzed and Zn concentration in the gizzard in birds fed the diets with 1804 U/kg or higher levels of phytase. Phytate and phytase effects could therefore potentially be evaluated by measuring Zn concentration in the gizzard. Susceptible phytate levels measured in vivo and in vitro were almost identical in the diet with phytase activity of 5925 U/kg, but in the diets with lower phytase activity levels the in vitro assay overestimated the amount of P released. There were strong relationships between in vivo susceptible phytate level and pH and amount of phytate hydrolyzed in the gizzard, duodenum, and ileum and Zn concentration in the gizzard and ileum. This illustrates that phytate susceptibility directly effects mineral availability in the gastrointestinal tract. Measurements of Zn concentration in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the gizzard, can potentially be used as a marker to assess the anti-nutritional impact of phytate and susceptibility of phytate to phytase in broilers.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.3382/PS/PEV108
Abstract: There is little consensus as to the capability of poultry to utilize dietary phytate without supplemental phytase. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the extent to which endogenous phytase of intestinal and cereal origin contributes to phytate degradation in birds aged 0 to 14 d posthatch. Ross 308 broilers (n = 720) were fed one of 4 experimental diets with differing dietary ingredient combinations and approximate total phytate levels of 10 g/kg, dietary phytase activity analyzed at 460 U/kg, dietary calcium (Ca) levels of 11 g/kg, and nonphytate-phosphorus (P) levels of 4 g/kg. Broiler performance, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum pH, Ca and P digestibility and solubility, amount of dietary phytate hydrolyzed in the gizzard, jejunum, and ileal digesta phytase activity were analyzed at d 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 posthatch. Intestinal endogenous phytase activity increased significantly (P < 0.001) between d 4 and 6, resulting in increased phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard (P = 0.003), jejunum (P < 0.001), and ileum (P < 0.001). Phytase activity and phytate hydrolysis continued to increase with age, with a greater phytase activity and associated increase in phytate hydrolysis and mineral utilization between d 10 and 12. Gizzard and jejunum Ca and P solubility and ileal Ca and P digestibility increased significantly (P < 0.001), and gastrointestinal pH decreased significantly (P < 0.001) between d 4 and 6. By d 14, phytase activity recovered in the ileum was approximately 45 U/kg. There were strong correlations between phytase activity measured in the ileum and phytate hydrolyzed in the gizzard (r = 0.905, P < 0.001), jejunum (r = 0.901, P = 0.023), and ileum (r = 0.938, P = 0.042). This study shows intestinal- and dietary-derived endogenous phytase activity is responsible for phytate-P hydrolysis in broilers.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0887-6185(99)00005-5
Abstract: The temporal characteristics of evaluation anxiety are not well-defined by previous research. We examined the effects of length of the pre-evaluation interval (3, 6, or 12 minutes) and stage of the pre-evaluation interval at which evaluation anxiety was measured (start, middle, or end) on evaluation anxiety while participants performed an activity that was the focus of the impending evaluation. Participants wrote their opinion on a controversial social issue while anticipating a subject matter expert's judgment of their social maturity, and evaluation anxiety was measured by a battery of state anxiety measures. Higher levels of evaluation anxiety were detected on the Worry-Emotionality Questionnaire (WEQ) Worry subscale at the end of the pre-evaluation interval than at earlier stages, regardless of interval length, although in idual difference variables exerted an important influence. In iduals with high trait self-presentation concerns experienced particularly high state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) at the start of the longest pre-evaluation interval. Low self-efficacy in iduals showed a U-shaped pattern across pre-evaluation stages on both the WEQ Worry and Emotionality subscales, while high self-efficacy participants showed either no change (worry) or an inverted-U pattern (emotionality). Implications for the experimental measurement of evaluation anxiety were discussed.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JONM.12535
Abstract: To understand nurses' experiences of injustice in the workplace and to identify the impact of injustice on well-being. Little is known about how nurses view injustice or its effects on their well-being, although research indicates that such perceptions are central to workplace practices such as performance management and outcomes such as employee well-being. A qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews for nurses employed in Australian public hospitals. Data were analysed using content analysis. Experiences of injustice and unfairness negatively impacted on performance and the personal health of nurses. Unfair treatment was met with reduced effort and commitment. This study provides valuable insights into how nurses perceive and experience injustice at work and supports the link between injustice and nurses' decreased well-being and effectiveness. Implications for nurse managers include the need for managers to engage in regular conversations regarding systemic barriers to performance and implementing performance management as an ongoing dialogue designed for employee voice and relationship management. This process also suggests a need for leadership development in nursing management. Using such steps and strategies would significantly enhance best practice in nursing management.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1080/09595230500286013
Abstract: As prescribers of opioid pharmacotherapies, general practitioners (GPs) are pivotal to the sustainability of opioid pharmacotherapy treatment services. The goal of this study was to examine the nature and sustainability of the Australian GP prescriber workforce in order to inform future programmes and policy development in this area. Data were collected from four Australian states: South Australia, Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. Key features of the available data were: a heavy client load carried by a small number of prescribers, a high proportion of trained but inactive prescribers, and a high proportion (one-third to two-thirds) of medical practitioners who undertake training but do not take up prescribing, i.e. a high attrition rate. Available data indicate significant shortfalls in the number of prescribers available in each state to service this patient population. Across all states a relatively small number of prescribers were providing services for the majority of methadone clients. In order to achieve sustainable, high quality prescriber service provision, workforce development strategies are needed which focus on recruitment of new prescribers, and the support and retention of existing and inactive prescribers. Establishment of systematic and detailed data collection systems should also be considered a priority.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-05-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Publisher: Wageningen Academic Publishers
Date: 11-11-2019
Publisher: The Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.21307/EB-2013-002
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2002
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.3382/PS/PEY088
Abstract: There has been discussion regarding microbial phytase replacing inorganic phosphorus (P) supplementation in broiler diets. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of phytase supplementation on diets low in inorganic P. Ross 308 broilers (n = 288) were fed one of 6 experimental diets in 4 phases. The control diet had 16.20, 10.90, 9.40, and 6.10 g/kg inorganic P in the Starter, Grower 1, Grower 2 and Finisher phase respectively. The remaining diets had 10.50 g/kg inorganic P in the Starter phase. Two of the diets had graded reductions in inorganic P of 5.10, 3.60, and 0.60 g/kg or 2.00, 0.50, and 0.60 g/kg for the Grower 1, Grower 2 and Finisher phase respectively, plus 500 FTU phytase. Three of the diets had inorganic P levels of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60 g/kg for the Grower 1, Grower 2 and Finisher diets respectively and either 500, 750, or 1,000 FTU phytase. Broiler performance was analyzed at d 10, 20, 26, and 35. On d 35, ileal calcium (Ca) and P digestibility and tibia bone strength, mineralization, and mineral content were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the control diet and diet containing 1,000 FTU phytase and low inorganic P in the grower or finisher diets based on bird performance, tibia strength, and Ca and P digestibility. Birds fed the control diet had significantly higher BWG (P = 0.001), bone strength (P < 0.001) and ash content (P < 0.001) compared to birds fed the diets with 500 FTU or 750 FTU phytase and low inorganic P in the grower and finisher stages. This may be due to incomplete dephosphorylation of the inositol ring of phytate with these doses of phytase, but with 1,000 FTU phytase there was almost complete phosphate hydrolysis of each phytate. This study showed that relying on phytase alone to ensure full supply of P in broiler diets is viable in finisher diets but is not recommended in grower diets unless phytase is supplied at doses of 1,000 FTU or greater.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.07.028
Abstract: Heatwaves are the most dangerous natural hazard to health in Australia. The frequency and intensity of heatwaves will increase due to climate change and urban heat island effects in cities, aggravating the negative impacts of heatwaves. Two approaches exist to develop population heat stress resilience. Firstly, the most vulnerable social groups can be identified and public health services can prepare for the increased morbidity. Secondly, the population level of adaptation and the heat stress resistance of the built environment can be increased. The evaluation of these measures and their efficiencies has been fragmented across research disciplines. This study explored the relationships between the elements of heat stress resilience and their potential demographic and housing drivers and barriers. The responses of a representative online survey (N=393) about heat stress resilience at home and work from Adelaide, South Australia were analysed. The empirical findings demonstrate that heat stress resistant buildings increased adaptation capacity and decreased the number of health problems. Air-conditioning increased dependence upon it, limited passive adaptation and only people living in homes with whole-house air-conditioning had less health problems during heatwaves. Tenants and respondents with pre-existing health conditions were the most vulnerable, particularly as those with health conditions were not aware of their vulnerability. The introduction of an Energy Performance Certificate is proposed and discussed as an effective incentive to increase the heat stress resistance of and the general knowledge about the built environment.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/AN17288
Abstract: It is well established that antimicrobials in animal feed enhance feed efficiency, promote animal growth and improve the quality of animal products. However, resistance development in bacterial populations, and hence consumer demand for products free of antimicrobial residues, has prompted efforts to develop alternatives that can replace antimicrobials without causing loss of productivity or product quality. One of the key barriers to complete withdrawal from antimicrobial use is microbial infection, for ex le, necrotic enteritis. There is much interest in using in-feed nutraceuticals such as prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and plant extracts as alternatives to antimicrobials to create a healthy gastrointestinal environment and to prevent and treat enteric infections. Enzymes are generally used to alleviate anti-nutritional factors in feed, but there is growing awareness of their beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal environment, and consequently on gut health. An ex le of this is production of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides when xylanase is added to feed. This review discusses developments in alternatives to antimicrobials that can aid in managing gut health in a post-antimicrobial era, with particular reference to recent nutritional strategies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: This contribution examines the relationship between flexibility and work—life interference. It analyses requests for flexibility in Australia just prior to the enactment of a new ‘right to request’ such flexibility, utilizing a large employee survey that shows that around a fifth of employees requested flexibility, most requests were agreed, and work—life outcomes were much better amongst those whose requests were fully agreed. Women were twice as likely as men to have sought flexibility, with one in two mothers of preschoolers, one in three mothers of children under 16 and a quarter of women without children having made requests. Parenting made no difference to men’s rate of request-making. Findings suggest that the right may be particularly beneficial to the third of all workers who have not made requests for flexibility yet are not content with current arrangements. There is a case to extend the right beyond parents, and for stronger appeal rights.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)
Date: 09-09-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2005.10.011
Abstract: To conduct a systematic review of hospital alcohol screening studies to identify effective and efficient evidence-based strategies. Sixty-five studies (N=100,980) of alcohol problem prevalence amongst hospital patients were reviewed. Prevalence of positive alcohol screens varied according to hospital location, screening tool and patient characteristics. BAC measures (26%) were nearly twice as likely (OR=1.92, p<.001) to reveal positive screens in the ED than self-reports (16%). No difference was found in prevalence of self-report positive screens between ED (16%) and ward settings (17%). Males were two to four times more likely than females to screen positive (BAC: OR=2.37, p<.001, ED self-report: OR=3.07, p<.001, ward self-report: OR=4.30, p<.001). ED patients aged 20-40 years and ward patients aged 30-50 years had the highest prevalence of positive screens. Prevalence of risky or problematic drinking among hospital patients is high and warrants systematic screening and intervention. Many hospitals lack sufficient resources to undertake widespread screening programs. For optimum return on resources, it is recommended to screen males in the ED using BAC measures. Established protocols applying priority criteria and staff training can increase screening accuracy and effectiveness.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.3382/PS/PEY479
Abstract: Pasture intake can be a major challenge for free-ranging hens. This study was conducted to examine pasture digestion and to manage its negative effects. A total of 300 ISA Brown laying hens were used to investigate the effect of time on range (T) in short-term (6 wk) and long-term (12 wk) of 2 range types (R) (gravel vs. pasture) and dietary supplements (F) (T1 = xylanase T2 = xylanase/beta-glucanase ectinase rotease T3 = xylanase/benzoic acid/essential oils) on crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), calcium and phosphorus digestibility, pH of the crop, and ileum digesta viscosity and morphology. Hens exposed to the range for 12 wk had lower (P < 0.05) digestibility of crude protein, insoluble rhamnose, ribose, and lower ileal pH compared to hens that ranged for 6 wk. Hens ranging on pasture had lower digestibility (P < 0.05) of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, insoluble arabinose, and insoluble xylose, but higher digestibility (P < 0.05) of insoluble mannose and glucose compared to hens that ranged on gravel. Hens fed T2 and T3 had higher digestibility (P < 0.05) of CP, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber compared to hens fed T1. Hens fed T2 had higher digestibility (P < 0.05) of free oligosaccharide arabinose and xylose than those fed T1 or T3 diets. A significant interaction between T × R was detected for crude fiber digestibility and villus height. Digestibility of crude fiber was reduced and villus height was increased in hens ranged on pasture for 12 wk compared to 6 wk. An interaction between R × F was observed on phosphorus and soluble NSP digestibility (P < 0.05). Hens fed T2 and T3 diets had lower digestibility of phosphorus and NSP on gravel than on pasture. In conclusion, pasture consumption impaired the digestibility of nutrients. Supplementing free-range diets with a multi-enzyme or xylanase/benzoic acid/essential oil product reduced these negative effects and increased the ileal nutrient digestibility.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-03-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/RS13061128
Abstract: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging rapid and non-destructive technology that has promising application within feed mills and processing plants in poultry and other intensive animal industries. HSI may be advantageous over near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as it scans entire s les, which enables compositional gradients and s le heterogenicity to be visualised and analysed. This study was a preliminary investigation to compare the performance of HSI with that of NIRS for quality measurements of ground s les of Australian wheat and to identify the most important spectral regions for predicting carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations. In total, 69 s les were scanned using an NIRS (400–2500 nm), and two HSI cameras operated in 400–1000 nm (VNIR) and 1000–2500 nm (SWIR) spectral regions. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were used to correlate C and N concentrations of 63 calibration s les with their spectral reflectance, with 6 additional s les used for testing the models. The accuracy of the HSI predictions (full spectra) were similar or slightly higher than those of NIRS (NIRS Rc2 for C = 0.90 and N = 0.96 vs. HSI Rc2 for C (VNIR) = 0.97 and N (SWIR) = 0.97). The most important spectral region for C prediction identified using HSI reflectance was 400–550 nm with R2 of 0.93 and RMSE of 0.17% in the calibration set and R2 of 0.86, RMSE of 0.21% and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 2.03 in the test set. The most important spectral regions for predicting N concentrations in the feed s les included 1451–1600 nm, 1901–2050 nm and 2051–2200 nm, providing prediction with R2 ranging from 0.91 to 0.93, RMSE ranging from 0.06% to 0.07% in the calibration sets, R2 from 0.96 to 0.99, RMSE of 0.06% and RPD from 3.47 to 3.92 in the test sets. The prediction accuracy of HSI and NIRS were comparable possibly due to the larger statistical population (larger number of pixels) that HSI provided, despite the fact that HSI had smaller spectral range compared with that of NIRS. In addition, HSI enabled visualising the variability of C and N in the s les. Therefore, HSI is advantageous compared to NIRS as it is a multifunctional tool that poses many potential applications in data collection and quality assurance within feed mills and poultry processing plants. The ability to more accurately measure and visualise the properties of feed ingredients has potential economic benefits and therefore additional investigation and development of HSI in this application is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-06-2022
Publisher: National Institute of Industrial Health
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13278
Abstract: There is growing interest in the role of the non‐government sector in the alcohol and other drug (AOD) service delivery system. This study examined the demographic profile of AOD workers in the non‐government (NGO) compared to government sector, to ascertain their professional development needs, job satisfaction, retention and turnover. This study utilised cross‐sectional data from an Australian AOD workforce online survey that assessed participants' demographics, employment profile, professional development needs and barriers. The s le comprised 888 workers in direct client service roles. Binomial logistic regression analysis indicated that NGO workers were more likely to be younger ( years), have AOD lived experience and have an AOD vocational qualification. NGO workers were more likely to earn below the national average salary and report job insecurity but nonetheless were more likely to feel respected and supported at work, believe their work was meaningful and be satisfied working in the AOD sector. Their top professional development barrier was personal financial cost. NGO workers were more likely to report employer financial costs as a professional development barrier, whereas government workers were more likely to report staff shortages. AOD services in Australia rely increasingly on the NGO sector. Quality services and care pivot on the size, capability and maturity of the workforce. This study highlights the need for systemic interventions addressing structural issues, and the professional development and ongoing support needs of the NGO AOD workforce. Without such support, Australia's AOD services will be potentially jeopardised.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-08-2013
Abstract: Working time is mostly studied in terms of daily and weekly hours. However, longer breaks from work, in the form of paid annual leave, are also an important aspect of working time, and can help workers manage the fit between their working lives and activities beyond work. Analysing nationally representative data from the Australian Work and Life Index we find that 60% of full-time workers with an entitlement to paid annual leave did not use their full leave entitlement in 2009. Compared to an earlier survey in 2002, very little has changed. Work-related pressures are prominent barriers to leave uptake. There are significant work–life penalties for not taking paid annual leave – particularly for workers with parenting responsibilities and for women. When asked to choose between two weeks’ additional paid leave and an equivalent pay rise, the majority choose more paid leave over a pay increase. These findings support a strengthening of Australian employees’ paid leave entitlements, including increasing entitlements and broader eligibility. There is also a case for more assertive management of leave, so that workers can take annual leave regularly rather than allow leave to accumulate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-06-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1327705
Abstract: 1. This study investigated the prebiotic properties of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) produced both in situ and in vitro for their activity against the onset of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. 2. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was applied, including necrotic enteritis challenge (challenged/unchallenged) and three dietary treatments from d 10 to 21. A wheat-soy commercial-type basal-grower diet was fed with 2% of the wheat proportion replaced by the same amount of either arabinoxylan (AX), AXOS produced from hydrolysing AX with 16 000 BXU (birch xylanase unit) xylanase in vitro or AX fed with 16 000 BXU xylanase (AX + E). Necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge was induced by orally infecting birds with a vaccine strain of Eimeria oocysts at d 9 of age followed by oral gavage of a freshly prepared Clostridium perfringens broth at d 14. 3. The challenge depressed growth performance, induced gross lesions and reduced ileal viscosity at d 10-21. Birds fed on the AXOS diet had numerically less severe gross lesions, improved feed conversion at d 0-16 and lower ileal viscosity at d 16 compared to birds fed on AX. Weight gain of the unchallenged birds ranked as follows in terms of the diets: AXOS > AX + E > AX. AX + E produced a lower ileal viscosity compared to the AX treatment but only led to marginal improvements in performance and intestinal lesion scores. 4. Caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration was higher in birds fed on AXOS and AX + E compared to those fed on AX and was higher in the challenged birds compared to the unchallenged birds. Gizzard pH was lower in birds fed on AX + E compared to those fed on AXOS at d 16. Challenged birds had lower ileum pH compared to the unchallenged birds at d 16 and 21. 5. Results of this study suggest that AXOS appeared to be efficacious prebiotics, as highlighted by improvements in feed conversion ratio and increased SCFA production. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the types of AXOS that are most active against NE and the mechanisms by which different levels of AXOS enhance bird performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-05-2012
DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.675848
Abstract: The detrimental effects of excessive alcohol consumption are well documented. There is some evidence that shiftworkers consume more alcohol than dayworkers as a sleep aid to compensate for sleep difficulties associated with work schedules. This study investigated drinking patterns between shiftworkers and dayworkers using the 2006 and 2007 waves from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Survey. A subset of workers who were not in full-time study and had a single job were selected participants who did not drink alcohol (n = 2090) were excluded. Using the 2001 Australian Government alcohol guidelines, alcohol consumption for risk of short-term harm (7+ standard drinks for men, 5+ for women) was investigated. The number of workers who drank alcohol "nearly every day" or "every day" was also examined. Some 13% of shiftworkers and 10% of those on standard schedules reported consuming alcohol at levels risky for short-term harm. Having a child less than 17 yrs (odds ratio [OR] = .39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .22-.69), higher job demands (OR = .71, 95% CI = .58-.86), being female (OR = .45, 95% CI=. 26-.79), and being older (OR = .89, 95% CI = .87-.92) significantly reduced, whereas being a shiftworker (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.08-4.12) significantly increased, the odds of drinking alcohol in short-term risky levels. Nearly 10% of shiftworkers and 8% of those on standard schedules reported consuming alcohol in short-term risky levels at least weekly. Having a child less than 17 yrs (OR = .40, 95% CI = .22-.74), higher job demands (OR = .69, 95% CI = .56-.86), being female (OR = .28, 95% CI = .15-.53), and being older (OR = .92, 95% CI = .89-.94) were associated with a significant reduction in the odds of consuming alcohol at risky levels at least weekly. Being a shiftworker was not associated with a significant increase in the odds of consuming alcohol at such risky levels at least weekly, but a trend was evident (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = .73-3.00). Some 13.5% of shiftworkers and 21% of those on standard schedules reported consuming alcohol in any amount "near daily" or "daily." Working more hours than preferred (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.12-2.89) and being older (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07-1.13) were associated with a significant increase, and being female (OR = .18, 95% CI = .10-.33), and being a shiftworker (OR = .20, 95% CI = .09-.45) were associated with a significant decrease in the odds of consuming alcohol "daily" or "near daily." Overall, the results suggest that shiftworkers may be more likely to consume alcohol at levels considered to be risky for health in the short term. In contrast, they appear less likely to drink alcohol daily. This pattern is suggestive of "binge drinking" behavior.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 24-07-2013
No related grants have been discovered for Natalie Skinner.