ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9869-9782
Current Organisations
University of Hull
,
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Nanotechnology | Nanotechnology | Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics | Nanomaterials | Condensed Matter Physics | Materials Engineering | Nanoscale Characterisation | Optical Physics | Condensed Matter Physics—Structural Properties | Nanophotonics | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Curatorial and Related Studies | Mechanical engineering | Manufacturing engineering | Optical Properties of Materials | Chemical Spectroscopy | Synthesis of Materials | Architectural Heritage and Conservation | Manufacturing Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Library and Information Studies | Manufacturing processes and technologies (excl. textiles) | Lasers and quantum electronics | Machine tools | Information Storage, Retrieval And Management | Manufacturing Engineering | Glass | Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles) | Microtechnology | Metals and Alloy Materials | Composite and Hybrid Materials | Flexible Manufacturing Systems | Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications | Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy | Condensed Matter Physics—Electronic And Magnetic Properties; | Quantum Optics And Lasers | Condensed Matter Physics—Other | Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified | Optical And Photonic Systems | Materials Conservation | Heritage and Cultural Conservation | Transport Properties and Non-Equilibrium Processes | Nanometrology | Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) | Materials Conservation | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity | Condensed Matter Characterisation Technique Development | Physical Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Nanofabrication, Growth and Self Assembly
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Other | Physical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Scientific Instruments | Manufactured products not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Communication equipment not elsewhere classified | Telecommunications | Preserving movable cultural heritage | Earth sciences | Ceramics, glass and industrial mineral products not elsewhere classified | Construction Materials Performance and Processes not elsewhere classified | Law enforcement | Ceramics | Polymeric Materials (e.g. Paints) | Metals (e.g. Composites, Coatings, Bonding) | Manufacturing not elsewhere classified | Integrated circuits and devices | Scientific instrumentation | Rehabilitation of Degraded Urban and Industrial Environments | Air Quality not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Industrial Instruments | Machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified |
Related Links
Publications
Fabrication of sub-micron thick, low loss As2 S3 planar waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Revealing Local Field Structure of Focused Ultrashort Pulses
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-03-2011
Nanoscale phase separation in ultrafast pulsed laser deposited arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) films and its effect on plasma etching
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-10-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2798936
Abstract: We have observed nanoscale phase separation in amorphous arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) films produced by ultrafast pulsed laser deposition and its effect on the surface morphology of the film after plasma etching. When the film was etched in CF4–O2 plasma, a grainy structure was observed on the surface. From Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, we concluded that the grainy structure of the etched surfaces comes from the differential chemical attack between different phases in the film.
Chalcogenide glass photonic crystals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Phase Transformation in Laser-Induced Micro-Explosion in Olivine (Fe,Mg)2SiO4
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-03-2014
‘Only take the money you want to lose’ strategies for sticking to limits in electronic gaming machine venues
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-05-2019
Thermal annealing of arsenic tri-sulphide thin film and its influence on device performance
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3310803
Abstract: Arsenic tri-sulphide (As2S3) thin film waveguides have been used successfully as nonlinear optical devices for all-optical signal processors. For such devices, low propagation loss is vital if high performance is to be obtained. In this study, thermal annealing was employed not only to stabilize the physical properties of the films, but also to reduce the sources of light attenuation in the as-deposited material. Here we investigated heat-induced changes to the microstructure and optical properties of As2S3 thin films and, based on this information, determined the best annealing conditions. The refractive index of the films rises with annealing due to thermal densification and increased heteropolar bond density. The growth of surface roughness and thermal stress in the film, however, limits the annealing temperature to ∼130 °C. We fabricated and analyzed waveguides produced from as-deposited and annealed films and found that the propagation loss of the guides dropped by ∼0.2 dB/cm as a result of appropriate annealing. Rayleigh scattering and absorption from defects associated with phase separation, homopolar bonds, voids, and dangling bonds in the as-deposited film are shown to contribute to the higher light attenuation in unannealed films.
Chronic pain medication management of older populations: Key points from a national conference and innovative opportunities for pharmacy practice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2018.03.060
Abstract: Inappropriate use of pain medication has serious consequences for older populations. Experts in the field have noted an increase in opioid prescriptions, and opioid-related hospitalisations and deaths among this vulnerable population. In the pursuit of educating pharmacists, physicians, allied healthcare professionals, researchers, academics and the public facing the challenges of chronic pain medication management, 'The Inaugural Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (SPHPM) Best Practice in Chronic Pain Medication Management Day Conference' was held in December 2016 at the Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (Melbourne, Australia). Fifteen experts presented on aspects of chronic pain epidemiology and current analgesic use in older Australians, and discussed current practice and associated challenges. Presenters highlighted the dramatic increase in opioid prescribing, development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, problems with abuse and addiction, increased risk of death from overdose or suicide, potentiation of sedative effects with concurrent use of anxiolytics/hypnotics, and medication ersion. Pharmacists are very accessible to patients and are crucial members of medication management teams. They have the necessary medication expertise to review medication regimens and provide patient education. Towards addressing chronic pain medication management of older populations, pharmacists can contribute in several ways, such as being aware of relevant guidelines and completing further training, contributing to policy and guideline development, participating in multidisciplinary panels, working groups and pain management teams, collaborating on research projects, and educating the community. With regards to opioid medication management, pharmacists are in an ideal position to: monitor prescription dispensing and potential misuse, provide education about overuse, and, if appropriate, provide access to naloxone. In order to fulfil these roles and responsibilities, allied healthcare professionals should be educated and informed, and opportunities for continuing professional education should be available and utilised. Pharmacists should have the necessary knowledge and skills to optimise chronic pain management, and to both deliver and inform policies and guidelines on pharmacological management of chronic pain in older people.
A comparative schlieren imaging study between ns and sub-ps laser forward transfer of Cr
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
“I was worried if I don’t have a broken leg they might not take it seriously”: Experiences of men accessing ambulance services for mental health and/or alcohol and other drug problems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12886
Post-sample aperture for low background diffraction experiments at X-ray free-electron lasers
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 16-10-2017
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577517011961
Abstract: The success of diffraction experiments from weakly scattering s les strongly depends on achieving an optimal signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly important in single-particle imaging experiments where diffraction signals are typically very weak and the experiments are often accompanied by significant background scattering. A simple way to tremendously reduce background scattering by placing an aperture downstream of the s le has been developed and its application in a single-particle X-ray imaging experiment at FLASH is demonstrated. Using the concept of a post-s le aperture it was possible to reduce the background scattering levels by two orders of magnitude.
Applications of high-power slow mode-locked lasers for ablation and nonlinear optics
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-09-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.548339
Ablation of dental enamel using subpicosecond pulsed lasers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2003
Multiple trapping with optical bottle beam
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2009
Dynamics of light-induced reflectivity switching in gallium films deposited on silica by pulsed laser ablation: errata
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 06-2001
DOI: 10.1364/OL.26.000852
13C NMR and EPR of carbon nanofoam
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2006
A Novel Adaptive Spectrum Noise Cancellation Approach for Enhancing Heartbeat Rate Monitoring in a Wearable Device
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
A study protocol for the N-ICE trial: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) as a pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine (“ice”) dependen
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2019
Development of Brain Network Connectivity in Risky Drinkers During Adolescence
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 27-10-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20217992
Abstract: Alcohol consumption is common in adolescence, a time when the human brain undergoes substantial development, raising concerns about the neurodevelopmental impact of drinking alcohol, especially at high levels. Risky drinking may adversely affect the developing white matter, comprised of axonal fibre pathways that integrate anatomically distributed, and functionally specialised, neural systems. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform the first prospective, comprehensive and regionally unbiased connectome-wide analysis of longitudinal changes in inter-regional structural connectivity between 16.5 and 18.8 years of age, comparing adolescents who reported frequent risky drinking ( n = 20) with those who reported limited risky drinking ( n = 19) across this developmental period. We found no difference in the development of structural connectivity between these groups, regardless of whether inter-regional connections were quantified using streamline count, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, or radial diffusivity. These findings suggest that risky drinking may have limited adverse effects on the development of inter-regional structural connectivity during mid to late adolescence.
An Examination of Clinician Responses to Problem Gambling in Community Mental Health Services
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/JCM9072075
Abstract: Gambling problems commonly co-occur with other mental health problems. However, screening for problem gambling (PG) rarely takes place within mental health treatment settings. The aim of the current study was to examine the way in which mental health clinicians respond to PG issues. Participants (n = 281) were recruited from a range of mental health services in Victoria, Australia. The majority of clinicians reported that at least some of their caseload was affected by gambling problems. Clinicians displayed moderate levels of knowledge about the reciprocal impact of gambling problems and mental health but had limited knowledge of screening tools to detect PG. Whilst 77% reported that they screened for PG, only 16% did so “often” or “always” and few expressed confidence in their ability to treat PG. However, only 12.5% reported receiving previous training in PG, and those that had, reported higher levels of knowledge about gambling in the context of mental illness, more positive attitudes about responding to gambling issues, and more confidence in detecting/screening for PG. In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to upskill mental health clinicians so they can better identify and manage PG and point towards opportunities for enhanced integrated working with gambling services.
Coherent phonons imprinted into reflectivity oscillations of laser-excited Bi through electron-phonon coupling
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Hollow Bessel-like beam as an optical guide for a stream of microscopic particles
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 04-12-2013
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.030492
Comparison between nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses for the removal of spray paint from granite surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Traveling-wave excitation of the Ar II shake-up laser at 476.5 nm
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-1993
The impact of problematic substance use on partners’ interpersonal relationships: qualitative analysis of counselling transcripts from a national online service
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-05-2019
Reply to Comment on Water Droplet Motion Control on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Exploiting the Wenzel-to-Cassie Transition
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-10-2011
DOI: 10.1021/LA203610V
Rebonding of Se to As and Ge in Ge33As12Se55 films upon thermal annealing: Evidence from x-ray photoelectron spectra investigations
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2737785
Abstract: We have measured and analyzed x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of as-grown and annealed Ge33As12Se55 films compared with bulk material. We found that the as-grown film contains a large number of separated Se clusters which can coalesce with As and Ge after annealing at high temperatures. In addition, both the Ge and As 3d spectra show the presence of oxides. While the Ge oxidation increases with an increasing annealing temperature, As oxidation is almost unaffected by annealing. The difference could be due to their different electro-negativities. Our results suggest that, while thermal annealing is effective to move the film toward the bond structure of bulk glass, the simultaneous surface oxidation must be suppressed in order to achieve high quality films.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SATELLITE STRUCTURE OF 1S2 1S0-1S3P P-1(1) LINE IN HE-LIKE IONS
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 03-1988
Physics of ultra-short laser interaction with matter: From phonon excitation to ultimate transformations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Unconventional magnetism in all-carbon nanofoam
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-08-2004
Treating the Untreatable in Art and Heritage Materials: Ultrafast Laser Cleaning of “Cloth-of-Gold”
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-01-2015
DOI: 10.1021/LA504400H
Abstract: Laser cleaning provides art and heritage conservators with an alternative means to restore objects when traditional chemical and mechanical methods are not viable. However, long (>nanosecond) laser pulses can cause unwanted damage from photothermal processes and provide limited control over ablation depth. Ultrashort (<picosecond) pulse lasers are emerging as a more appropriate tool for cleaning historic artifacts because of their unique ability to avoid heat- and shock-wave generation, thus minimizing collateral damage of the underlayers, and to remove material with near-nanometer precision. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of ultrashort pulses by cleaning 19th century military gold braid without any detrimental effects on the gold foil or the underlying silk thread structure. The results are compared with nanosecond-pulse laser treatment that damages the surface structure. By introducing in situ feedback control of the laser ablation via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) monitoring of the ablated plume, we are able to halt the cleaning process just as the contaminant layer is completely removed. This technique allows ultrafast laser ablation to extend the armory of conservation treatments, enabling restoration of a range of complex and fragile heritage objects previously untreatable by conventional means.
Investigation of the structure of GexAsySe1−x−y glasses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-04-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2909883
Abstract: We have measured and analyzed x-ray photoelectron spectra of a series of GexAsySe1−x−y glasses. The valence band spectra show that a number of Se-rich structures exist in the s les. After decomposing Ge, As, and Se3d spectra into several doublets and assigning them to the different local bond structures, it was found that, while GeSe4/2 tetrahedral, AsSe3/2 pyramidal, and Se trimers decrease in their integrated areas, most defect bonds increase with increasing mean coordination number. Moreover, while the appearance of Se trimers is reasonable in Se-rich s les, they never vanish, even in Se-poor s les. A possible mechanism to form Se trimers in Se-poor s les is discussed.
ABERRATIONS OF IMAGES FORMED BY CURVED CAPILLARY ARRAYS AND CRYSTALS
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-1994
DOI: 10.1117/12.167193
Transient optical properties of dielectrics and semiconductors excited by an ultrashort laser pulse
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 02-10-2014
The therapist experience of internet delivered CBT for problem gambling: Service integration considerations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1970
Synthesis of super-dense phase of aluminum under extreme pressure and temperature conditions created by femtosecond laser pulses in sapphire
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-02-2012
DOI: 10.1117/12.906946
Effects of non-equilibrium energy distribution of surface atoms on the onset and rate of laser ablation: experiments and theory
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 26-05-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.661059
Optical vortex pipeline
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Investigation of the effects of femtosecond laser metal surface texturing on bonding of PA6 to steel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Annealing induced phase transformations in amorphous As2S3 films
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-09-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2353787
Abstract: Amorphous arsenic sulphide (As2S3) films prepared by ultrafast pulsed laser deposition have been vacuum annealed at a range of different temperatures. Measurements of the glass transition temperature indicate that a crystallization process initiates at annealing temperatures around 170°C. In combination with Raman scattering analysis, we conclude that phase separation is intrinsic for our as-deposited films. During annealing two sorts of phase transformation are identified: one between different amorphous polymorphs, and another from the amorphous to a crystalline state. We point out a correlation between these two types of transformation and two characteristic time scales identified from measurements of the relaxation of the refractive index, and explain the Arrhenius and non-Arrhenius behaviors leading to the observed temporal characteristics.
Affected family member coping with a relative with alcohol and/or other drug misuse: A cross-sectional survey questionnaire
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2019
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12567
Abstract: Families have a crucial role supporting a relative with alcohol and/or other drug misuse, but the role has adverse implications for family members' coping, which in turn, affects their ability and willingness to support the relative. The aim of this study was to assess the coping behaviours of affected family members of relatives with alcohol and/or other drug misuse and to assess if there was a relationship between the level of coping and family member type and support-giving experience. A cross-sectional survey design was used, and 90 respondents completed the questionnaire. Results suggest the following associations: that 'Other' family members made more frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies than intimate partners (P = 0.012) family members whose role had a negative effect on their physical health made more frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies than those whose role did not have this effect (P = 0.014) and family members whose role had a negative effect on their ability to socialise used maladaptive coping strategies more often than those whose role did not have this effect (P = 0.003). Engaged and tolerant-inactive maladaptive coping strategies had a significantly greater adverse influence on family members' physical health and/or socialising than withdrawal coping strategies. Affected family members should be supported to use adaptive coping strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of their support-giving role and to sustain them in this crucial support-giving role. Family and friends, mental health nurses, and other clinicians in the alcohol and other drug field have an important role in supporting family members in this context.
Boschettoet al.Reply:
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-01-2009
Robust trapping and manipulation of airborne particles with a bottle beam
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Breakthrough switching speed with an all-optical chalcogenide glass chip: 640 Gbit/s demultiplexing
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 02-02-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.002182
Abstract: We report the first demonstration of error-free 640 Gbit/s demultiplexing using the Kerr non-linearity of an only 5 cm long chalcogenide glass waveguide chip. Our approach exploits four-wave mixing by the instantaneous nonlinear response of chalcogenide. Excellent performance is achieved with only 2 dB average power penalty and no indication of error-floor. Characterisation of the FWM efficiency for the chalcogenide waveguide is given and confirms the good performance of the device.
Outcomes of reducing stigma towards alcohol misuse during adolescence: results of a randomized controlled trial of the MAKINGtheLINK intervention
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13034-020-00317-7
Abstract: While it is well-recognized that the stigma associated with alcohol use problems can prevent or delay help-seeking, there is limited research examining stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse, or their consequences, during adolescence. The current study examined the results of a school-based intervention on adolescents’ stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse among their peers, and how changes in attitudes influenced intentions to encourage help-seeking, as well as participants’ personal use and misuse of alcohol. Participants (n = 463) were a subset of a larger s le participating in a randomized controlled trial of the MAKINGtheLINK intervention. Of the included participants, 287 (62%) were allocated to the intervention group and 176 (38%) to the control group. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6-weeks, 6-months, and 12-months post-baseline. At each assessment, participants were presented with a vignette describing a peer experiencing alcohol misuse and completed the General Help Seeking Questionnaire as well as a 10-item scale measuring stigmatising attitudes. Alcohol use was also assessed. The intervention was associated with a greater reduction in ‘weak-not-sick’ attitudes over time, which in turn predicted stronger intentions to encourage help-seeking from family members and formal help sources at the 12-month follow-up. Perceptions of dangerousness did not change significantly as a result of the intervention, however overall perceptions of dangerousness demonstrated a trend towards encouraging help-seeking from formal sources. Changes in stigma were not associated with past-year alcohol use or problems. School-based interventions such as MAKINGtheLINK can decrease some stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse during adolescence, and increase adolescents’ intentions to encourage help-seeking from both formal and informal help sources. However, results varied depending on both the dimension of stigma examined and the type of help source, highlighting a complex relationship between stigma, intentions, and sources of help that requires further investigation. Importantly, reducing stigma did not appear to result in negative effects due to greater acceptance of drinking (e.g., heavier alcohol use), supporting continued efforts to reduce alcohol-related stigma during adolescence. Trial registration : Registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR) on the 27th of February 2013 (ACTRN12613000235707)
Structural analysis of a carbon foam formed by high pulse-rate laser ablation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1999
Aggression and violence at ambulance attendances where alcohol, illicit and/or pharmaceutical drugs were recorded: A 5-year study of ambulance records in Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2019.107685
Abstract: This study describes the frequency and characteristics of aggression and/or violence in ambulance attendances involving alcohol, illicit and/or pharmaceutical drug use in Victoria, Australia between January 2012 and January 2017. Patient characteristics, context, and substance use involvement in ambulance attendances were examined to determine associations with attendances where aggression and/or violence was recorded. There were 205,178 ambulance attendances where use of alcohol, pharmaceutical drugs or illicit substances contributed to the reason for the attendance. Paramedics recorded acts of aggression and/or violence in 11,813 (5.76 %) of these attendances. Aggression/violence was more likely to be recorded in certain contexts. Compared with attendances where aggression/violence was not recorded, attendances where aggression/violence was recorded were significantly more likely to involve younger and male patients, and occur on Friday and Saturday nights. Alcohol intoxication was involved in more than half of attendances where aggression/violence was recorded, and was almost twice as prevalent as those involving illicit drug use where aggression/violence was recorded. This pattern was consistent across all hours, high-alcohol hours only, by metropolitan/regional location, and by police co-attendance. Aggression and violence are frequently recorded in ambulance attendances involving alcohol, pharmaceutical drugs or illicit substances, and, most often involve alcohol. This violence poses a recurring threat to the health and safety of paramedics, bystanders, and patients. Greater priority should be given to reducing alcohol-related violence through evidence-based policy measures targeting high-risk groups (e.g. young adult males) and contexts (e.g. weekends, late at night) where harm is most likely to occur.
Thermal characterization of Ge–As–Se glasses by differential scanning calorimetry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2007
A structured telephone-delivered intervention to reduce problem alcohol use (Ready2Change): Study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2019
Picosecond high-repetition-rate pulsed laser ablation of dielectrics: the effect of energy accumulation between pulses
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 05-2005
DOI: 10.1117/1.1905363
Integrated shadow mask for sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As_2S_3) planar waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.007708
Abstract: We have developed a new approach for producing high performance s led Bragg gratings in planar waveguides as a platform for WDM on-chip signal processing in a compact integrated device. Using this method we have successfully integrated a shadow mask directly onto a chalcogenide (As(2)S(3)) waveguide using standard semiconductor processing, eliminating misalignment errors between the mask and waveguide that otherwise occur. Through this integrated mask we demonstrate a very low duty cycle s led Bragg grating with very narrow rejection peaks and spanning a very broad bandwidth.
<title>Three-dimensional recording and structuring of chalcogenide glasses by femtosecond pulses</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 08-10-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.596322
Reversible photomodification of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 by femtosecond laser pulses
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-12-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.759232
Positive magnetisation in carbon nanostructures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
The National Ambulance Surveillance System: A novel method for monitoring acute alcohol, illicit and pharmaceutical drug related-harms using coded Australian ambulance clinical records
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-01-2020
Optical vortex beams for trapping and transport of particles in air
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-06-2010
Ultrafast re-structuring of the electronic landscape of transparent dielectrics: new material states (Die-Met)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2018
Passive mode locking of a Nd: YVO _4 laser with an extra-long optical resonator
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-07-2003
DOI: 10.1364/OL.28.001275
Abstract: We describe a mode-locked, diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser with a very long optical cavity operating at 1064 nm. High-modulation, InGaAs quantum-well, semiconductor saturable-absorber mirrors were used for passive mode locking, providing a stable train of 13-ps pulses. A novel zero-q-transformation multipass cell provided a variable-length optical cavity as much as 100 m long. The output beam had M2 < 1.1 at average powers of 4.1, 3.9, and 3.5 W at repetition rates of 4.1, 2.6, and 1.5 MHz, respectively. To the best of our knowledge the last of these is the lowest repetition rate ever generated directly from a mode-locked nonfiber solid-state laser without cavity dumping.
Experimental observation for new polymorphs of silicon formed through ultrafast-laser-induced microexplosion
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2014
X-ray focusing with lobster-eye optics: a comparison of theory with experiment
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1364/AO.35.004420
NANOSECOND X-RAY TOPOGRAPHY OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS WITH A LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA SOURCE
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-1981
Multiple Pathways to Recovery, Multiple Roads to Well-Being: An Analysis of Recovery Pathways in the Australian Life in Recovery Survey
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-07-2018
Ultrafast laser induced microexplosion: A new strategy to synthesise super-dense nanomaterials
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
ULTRAFAST LASER CLEANING OF MUSEUM ARTIFACTS
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 2007
Brain Network Connectivity in Adolescents At Risk for Alcohol Use Problems
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 27-10-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20217976
Abstract: Imaging studies of young people with a family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have found structural and/or functional differences within and between anatomically distributed and functionally specialised systems throughout the brain. Differences in brain connectivity among adolescents with a family history of AUD may account for the increased risk of later alcohol use problems however, to date, no prospective studies have directly examined this hypothesis across the entire connectome in a regionally unbiased way. Our analysis included 52 adolescents ( M age = 16.5 years ± 0.6 SD ) assessed with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, of whom 20 had a family history of AUD and 32 did not. All participants were followed-up 2.3 years later and completed a questionnaire measuring past year alcohol use and alcohol-related harms. Subject-specific connectomic maps of structural connectivity were constructed using two parcellation schemes (82-node anatomical and 530-node random) and five measures of connectivity weight (streamline count, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity), and a connectome-wide network-based statistic analysis was used to compare group differences at each and every connection between adolescents with and without a family history of AUD. Baseline connectivity measures did not differentiate these groups, and we did not find an association between baseline connectivity measures and alcohol outcomes at follow-up. These findings suggest that atypical inter-regional structural connectivity may not contribute to the risk of developing alcohol use problems in this particular age group, or during this particular period of development.
Laser cleaning of entrance window during ultra-fast pulsed laser deposition
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 2007
Non-equilibrium transformations of solids induced by femtosecond laser: coherent displacement of atoms
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 26-05-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.661063
Enhancing the utility of the problem gambling severity index in clinical settings: Identifying refined categories within the problem gambling category
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2019.106257
Abstract: The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) was intended for use in epidemiological research with gamblers across the continuum of risk. Its utility within clinical settings, where the majority of clients are problem gamblers, has been brought into question. (1) Identify refined categories for the problem gambling category of the PGSI in help-seeking gamblers (2) Validate these categories using the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) (3) Explore the relationship of these categories with indices of gambling and help-seeking behaviour. Secondary data analysis of help-seeking problem gamblers from the Australian online gambling counselling/support service (Gambling Help Online [GHO]) from October 2012 to December 2015 (n = 5,881) and trial data evaluating an Australian online self-directed program for gambling (GamblingLess n = 198). Both datasets included the PGSI, gambling frequency and expenditure. The GamblingLess dataset also included the G-SAS and help-seeking behaviour. A Latent Class Analysis, using GHO data, identified a 2-class solution. Multiple analytical methods identified a cut-off value of ≥ 19 distinguishing this 2-class solution (low problem severity: Median = 16 high problem severity: Median = 23). High problem severity gamblers had increased odds of being categorised in the higher GSAS category, greater gambling expenditure and having sought face-to-face support. The refined categories were not associated with gambling frequency, distance-based or self-directed help-seeking. These findings are consistent with a stepped-care approach, whereby in iduals with higher severity may be better suited to more intensive interventions and in iduals with lower severity could commence with less intensive interventions and step-up to intensive interventions.
Clinician and patient barriers to the recognition of insomnia in family practice: a narrative summary of reported literature analysed using the theoretical domains framework
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12875-019-1070-0
Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep complaint, with 10% of adults in the general population experiencing insomnia disorder, defined as lasting longer than three months in DSM-5. Up to 50% of patients attending family practice experience insomnia, however despite this, symptoms of insomnia are not often screened for, or discussed within this setting. We aimed to examine barriers to the assessment and diagnosis of insomnia in family practice from both the clinician and patient perspective. The present article identified research that has examined barriers to assessing insomnia from the clinician’s and the client’s perspectives following MEDLINE and Google Scholar searches, and then classified these barriers using the theoretical domains framework. The most common barriers from the clinician’s perspective were related to Knowledge, Skills, and the Environmental Context. From the patient perspective, barriers identified included their Beliefs about the consequences of Insomnia, Social Influences, and Behavioural Regulation of Symptoms. Utilising this theoretical framework, we discuss options for bridging the gap between the identification and subsequent management of insomnia within the family practice setting. To assist clinicians and those in community health care to overcome the Knowledge and Skills barriers identified, this article provides existing relevant clinical criteria that can be utilised to make a valid diagnosis of insomnia.
Exotic silicon phases synthesized through ultrashort laser-induced microexplosion: Characterization with Raman microspectroscopy
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 30-09-2020
Ablation of solids by femtosecond lasers: Ablation mechanism and ablation thresholds for metals and dielectrics
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1063/1.1447555
Abstract: The mechanism of ablation of solids by intense femtosecond laser pulses is described in an explicit analytical form. It is shown that at high intensities when the ionization of the target material is complete before the end of the pulse, the ablation mechanism is the same for both metals and dielectrics. The physics of this new ablation regime involves ion acceleration in the electrostatic field caused by charge separation created by energetic electrons escaping from the target. The formulas for ablation thresholds and ablation rates for metals and dielectrics, combining the laser and target parameters, are derived and compared to experimental data. The calculated dependence of the ablation thresholds on the pulse duration is in agreement with the experimental data in a femtosecond range, and it is linked to the dependence for nanosecond pulses.
The Australian drug harms ranking study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-05-2019
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to review drug harms as they occur in Australia using the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology adopted in earlier studies in other jurisdictions. A facilitated workshop with 25 experts from across Australia, was held to score 22 drugs on 16 criteria: 9 related to harms that a drug produces in the in idual and 7 to harms to others. Participants were guided by facilitators through the methodology and principles of MCDA. In open discussion, each drug was scored on each criterion. The criteria were then weighted using a process of swing weighting. Scoring was captured in MCDA software tool. MCDA modelling showed the most harmful substances to users were fentanyls (part score 50), heroin (part score 45) and crystal meth hetamine (part score 42). The most harmful substances to others were alcohol (part score 41), crystal meth hetamine (part score 24) and cigarettes/tobacco (part score 14). Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug when harm to users and harm to others was combined. A supplementary analysis took into consideration the prevalence of each substance in Australia. Alcohol was again ranked the most harmful substance overall, followed by cigarettes, crystal meth hetamine, cannabis, heroin and pharmaceutical opioids. The results of this study make an important contribution to the emerging international picture of drug harms. They highlight the persistent and pervasive harms caused by alcohol. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed. Policies to reduce harm from alcohol and meth hetamine should be a priority.
Large phase shifts in As_2S_3 waveguides for all-optical processing devices
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1364/OL.30.002605
Abstract: A large phase shift of 4.7pi at 1.53 microm has been observed from a low-loss (0.2 dB/cm), small-core As2S3 waveguide fabricated by dry etching. The strength of the nonlinear response was limited by photosensitivity and photocrystallization of the As2S3 films at 1.53 microm, far below the material bandgap.
Patterns of self-harm methods over time and the association with methods used at repeat episodes of non-fatal self-harm and suicide: A systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2018.11.001
Abstract: The risk of self-harm repetition and suicide may be influenced by self-harm method choice. However, there are mixed findings regarding whether there is a discernible pattern in self-harm methods over successive episodes of non-fatal self-harm, and if so, how these may be associated with self-harm repetition and/or suicide. A systematic review of five electronic databases was undertaken until 31 May 2018 to identify cohort studies on patterns of self-harm methods and their association with methods used either at repeat self-harm episodes and/or suicide. 15 studies were included reporting data on of 127,371 participants. Over an average follow-up period of 2.8 years, one-third (33.3%) switched methods between episodes of self-harm, most commonly from self-injury to self-poisoning. For suicide, almost one-half (42.1%) switched methods over an average follow-up period of 11.2 years. Studies were characterised by a moderate study quality. Studies tended to group all methods into self-injury and/or self-poisoning with little consideration as to the erse range of self-harm methods included within these broad categories and the likely differences in potential lethality between these methods. Few investigated the role of alcohol and/or drug dependence and mental illness on self-harm method choice. Given the frequency of method switching observed, and the lack of discernible patterns over time, all patients should be routinely assessed for risk and needs irrespective of the method used at the index episode of non-fatal self-harm.
Photosensitive post-tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Momentum transfer in a standing optical vortex
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-08-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.793596
Optically Induced Forces Imposed in an Optical Funnel on a Stream of Particles in Air or Vacuum
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-12-2015
The Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis Spectrum: a Clinically Focused Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2018
High-temperature formation of concentric fullerene-like structures within foam-like carbon: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-06-2007
Acceleration of carbon ions in a skin-layer interaction regime in laser ablation experiments
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-2000
DOI: 10.1117/12.376954
Origin of magnetic moments in carbon nanofoam
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-07-2006
Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder: an update for general psychiatrists
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-01-2019
Abstract: Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder is emerging as a significant clinical issue. This article provides the general psychiatrist with an overview of the physical and psychiatric adverse effects of chronic synthetic cannabinoid use, as well as specific clinical responses. We performed electronic searches of Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase to identify key articles, of all methodological designs, published up to June 2018. The available evidence suggests that, compared to cannabis, use of synthetic cannabinoids is associated with the more rapid development of dependence, increased psychiatric risks and complex withdrawal, and serious physical adverse effects that include seizures, cardiotoxicity and death, denoting a potential need for more intensive management. When synthetic cannabinoid use is identified, along with management of acute physical and psychiatric adverse effects, psychotherapeutic strategies to reduce use and/or harm are recommended.
Polarization-sensitive femtosecond laser ablation with tightly focused vortex pulses
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2012
Exploring harms experienced by children aged 7 to 11 using ambulance attendance data: A 6-year comparison with adolescents aged 12–17
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-07-2018
The assessment and management of gamma hydroxybutyrate use in general practice
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 2020
“It was terrible. I didn’t set a limit”: Proximal and Distal Prevention Strategies for Reducing the Risk of a Bust in Gambling Venues
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-019-09829-0
Abstract: Although most gamblers set limits on their gambling and stick to them most of the time, there are times when limits are breached (a 'bust'). Little is known about the prevalence, reasons for and strategies to address busts despite associated harms with a single bust. This mixed methods study used an online survey with a s le of electronic gaming machine gamblers. A total of 104 gamblers were recruited from 11 Australian gambling venues and almost half (45%) reported a bust in the past 12 months. The amount of money spent on the bust ranged from $20 to $1500 AUD (M = $446, SD = $402). The presence of a bust was positively associated with the amount of money spent in the past 30 days, and self-reported greater gambling related harms and greater gambling severity. Reasons for busts included both distal (pre-venue) factors (i.e., negative affect, lapse in intentions to set a limit, needing to win money) and proximal (inside venue) factors (i.e., chasing losses, wins or spins, social facilitation and losing money too quickly). Bust-prevention strategies identified by participants were both distal (e.g., avoid gambling altogether, leave cards or cash at home, set a time or money limit) and proximal (e.g., walk away when losing and change the manner of gambling). As busts are relative to a priori limits, gamblers at any level of gambling severity can experience a bust. Repeated busts may be an indicator of loss of control and a progression towards problem gambling. Interventions need to focus on factors that mitigate the risk of a bust (e.g., pre-commitment) and that assist gamblers to stick to their limits all of the time.
Laser induced memory bits in photorefractive LiNbO3 and LiTaO3
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2008
From eye rolls to punches: experiences of harm from others' drinking among risky-drinking adolescents across Australia
Publisher: The Sax Institute
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.17061/PHRP2941927
Abstract: Exploration of experience of harms due to another person's drinking within a demographic particularly vulnerable to these consequences. Importance of study: Largest s ling of young Australian risky drinkers, who are underrepresented in general population surveys. The range of harms due to others' drinking reported here is more comprehensive than documented elsewhere. Cross-sectional self-report survey. Participants were 14-19 years old and screened as being within the riskiest-drinking 25% for their age cohort. The convenience s le of 3465 was recruited primarily by social media advertising. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in all eight Australian capital cities (n = 596), supplemented by online surveys (n = 2869). Past 12-month experience of 13 harms due to others' drinking was assessed by age, gender and perpetrator. Females were more likely to experience seven harms, mainly characterised by fear and harassment, including being harassed or bothered at a party or some other private setting (41% vs 34% of males, p < 0.001), being given unwanted sexual attention (71% vs 47%, p < 0.001) and being put in fear (33% vs 20%, p < 0.001). Males were more likely to experience three harms, characterised by aggression: being yelled at, criticised or verbally abused (38% vs 33% of females, p = 0.002), being pushed or shoved (42% vs 28%, p < 0.001) and being physically hurt (17% vs 11%, p < 0.001). Teenagers of a legal alcohol-purchase age were more likely to experience harassment in public settings (49% vs 32-34%, p < 0.001) and unwanted sexual attention (66% vs 51-59%, p < 0.001) compared with younger teenagers. Seven of the harms studied were more likely (p < 0.01) to be perpetrated by people the respondents knew, and five (those associated with fear and aggression) were more likely to be perpetrated by strangers. Young people who are risky drinkers commonly experience multiple harms from others' drinking. Many of these alcohol harms to others are reported here for the first time, as previous studies of adolescent drinking have focused almost exclusively on the harms young people have experienced from their own drinking. This refocusing on the harms caused by the drinking of others may prompt greater community concern and concomitant calls for better alcohol regulation.
Femtosecond laser interaction with photo-refractive crystals: High frequency field and internal field contributions to the refractive index changes
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Error-free 640 Gbit/s demultiplexing using a chalcogenide planar waveguide chip
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2008
Ultrafast anisotropic disordering in graphite driven by intense hard X-ray pulses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Control over a phase state of the laser plume ablated by femtosecond laser: Spatial pulse shaping
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-02-2004
DOI: 10.1063/1.1645672
Abstract: The conditions for the formation of a fully atomized laser-ablated plume using subpicosecond laser pulses have been studied theoretically and implemented experimentally. It is shown that the low-intensity wings, which generally exist in the spatial distribution of laser intensity in the focal plane and can contain a substantial part of the incident laser energy, are responsible for low-threshold phase transformations of the target and this is the major source of particulates in the ablated plume. By truncating these wings with a simple aperture and positioning the target in the image plane of that aperture, particulates can be eliminated from the plume. This is demonstrated in experiments on deposition of Si films using the truncated beam in combination with the proper choice of laser fluence. This results in an almost totally atomized plume and consequently in droplet-free deposition of thin films.
Generation of optical bottle beams by incoherent white-light vortices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-12-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.020902
Abstract: We generate experimentally optical bottle beams from incoherent double-charge white-light vortices, and show that their parameters can be efficiently controlled by varying the beam focusing conditions.
The six Rs of managing high-risk opioid prescribing
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 03-2020
Electron-phonon relaxation in metals excited by ultra-short laser pulse
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Silicon surface processing techniques for micro-systems fabrication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2003
How Do Nurses Cope with Shift Work? A Qualitative Analysis of Open-Ended Responses from a Survey of Nurses
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-10-2019
Abstract: Nurses are frequently required to engage in shift work given the 24/7 nature of modern healthcare provision. Despite the health and wellbeing costs associated with shift work, little is known about the types of coping strategies employed by nurses. It may be important for nurses to adopt strategies to cope with shift work in order to prevent burnout, maintain wellbeing, and ensure high quality care to patients. This paper explores common strategies employed by nurses to cope with shift work. A workforce survey was completed by 449 shift working nurses that were recruited from a major metropolitan health service in Melbourne, Australia. Responses to open-ended questions about coping strategies were analysed using the framework approach to thematic analysis. Four interconnected main themes emerged from the data: (i) health practices, (ii) social and leisure, (iii) cognitive coping strategies, and (iv) work-related coping strategies. Although a range of coping strategies were identified, sleep difficulties often hindered the effective use of coping strategies, potentially exacerbating poor health outcomes. Findings suggest that in addition to improving nurses’ abilities to employ effective coping strategies on an in idual level, workplaces also play an important role in facilitating nurses’ wellbeing.
Ultrafast lasers for conservation of heritage artefacts
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2006
Social Identity Mapping in Addiction Recovery (SIM-AR): extension and application of a visual method
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-01-2019
Prescribed sedative and other psychotropic medication use among clients attending alcohol and other drug treatment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12841
Abstract: Prescribed psychotropic medications contribute to overdose mortality among people with alcohol and other drug (AOD) disorders. We report on prescribed psychotropic medication use among AOD treatment service attendees, focusing on sedative drugs. Prospective multi-site naturalistic outcome study in residential and outpatient AOD treatment facilities in Victoria and Western Australia. A convenience s le of 480 people (57% male mean age 36.1) entering treatment were surveyed, of whom 313 (65%) were followed up by telephone interview after a median of 377 days. Participants' prescribed psychotropic medication use was ascertained by self-report at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, 41% of participants reported prescribed sedative medication (benzodiazepine, zopiclone or zolpidem) use within the past month, including prescriptions to treat withdrawal symptoms. At follow-up, the cohort reported a reduced rate of past month prescribed sedative use (23% P 0.99 for change from baseline). At baseline, 40% of participants were prescribed an antidepressant and 13% an antipsychotic medication, which remained similar at follow-up (45% and 13%, respectively). The high level of prescribed sedative drug use reported by people receiving AOD treatment is a serious public health concern given the increasing incidence of drug overdose deaths in Australia.
A Roadmap for Integrating Neuroscience Into Addiction Treatment: A Consensus of the Neuroscience Interest Group of the International Society of Addiction Medicine
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-12-2019
Patterns in Reduction or Cessation of Drinking in Australia (2001-2013) and Motivation for Change.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-10-2019
Abstract: This paper examines: (a) change over time (2001-2013) in recently reducing or ceasing drinking in the Australian population and (b) the reasons given for reducing or ceasing drinking in the most recent survey (2013) stratified by sex and age group. Rates of reducing and ceasing drinking increased between 2001 and 2013 in Australia. Young people were more likely to modify drinking due to lifestyle and enjoyment reasons older groups were more likely to report health reasons. These trends contribute to the broader context of declining alcohol consumption in Australia. Data are from five waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (N = 119,397). Logistic regression models with interaction terms were used to identify a shift in sex or age over time in predicting reduction or cessation of drinking and to predict motivations for reducing or ceasing drinking by sex and age. Reports of recently reducing the quantity or frequency of drinking increased from 2001 to 2007 and remained stable between 2007 and 2013. There was a steady increase in the number of Australians reporting recently ceasing drinking from 2001 to 2013, with a significant effect for age (younger groups more likely than older groups to cease drinking in the past two waves). Reasons for reducing or ceasing drinking varied by age, with older people more likely to report health reasons and younger people more likely to report lifestyle reasons or enjoyment. Increases over time in reports of reduction or cessation of drinking due to health, lifestyle, social and enjoyment reasons suggest that the social position of alcohol in Australia may be shifting, particularly among young people.
Ablation of metals with picosecond laser pulses: Evidence of long-lived non-equilibrium surface states
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034605050299
Abstract: Experiments on laser ablation of metals in air, in vacuum, and in similar irradiation conditions, revealed that the ablation thresholds in air are up to three times lower than those measured in vacuum. Our analysis shows that this difference is caused by the existence of a long-lived transient non-equilibrium surface state at the solid-vacuum interface. The energy distribution of atoms at the surface is Maxwellian-like but with its high-energy tail truncated at the binding energy. We find that in vacuum the rate of energy transfer from the bulk to the surface layer to build the high-energy tail, which determines the lifetime of this non-equilibrium state, exceeds other characteristic timescales such as the surface cooling time. This prohibits thermal evaporation in vacuum for which the high-energy tail is essential. In air, however, collisions between the gas atoms and the surface markedly reduce the lifetime of this non-equilibrium surface state allowing thermal evaporation to proceed before the surface cools. It was experimentally observed that the difference between the ablation depth in vacuum and that in air disappears at the laser fluencies 2–3 times in excess of the vacuum threshold value. The material removal at this level of the deposited energy density attains the features of the non-equilibrium ablation similar for both cases. We find, therefore, that the threshold in vacuum corresponds to non-equilibrium ablation during the pulse, while thermal evaporation after the pulse is responsible for the lower ablation threshold observed in air. This paper provides direct experimental evidence of how the transient surface effects may strongly affect the onset and rate of a solid-gas phase transition.
‘Holding on’ and ‘letting go’: a thematic analysis of Australian parent’s styles of coping with their adult child’s methamphetamine use
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-08-2019
Dynamic associations between opioid use and anhedonia: A longitudinal study in opioid dependence
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-08-2018
Abstract: Anhedonia is a commonly reported symptom among substance-dependent populations that appears to diminish with sustained abstinence. However, previous research has not determined whether anhedonia is dynamically linked to changing patterns of drug use, nor whether it predicts subsequent drug use. We aimed to test whether changes in illicit opioid use would predict changes in anhedonia, and whether increases in anhedonia would predict further opioid use. We conducted a longitudinal, observational study, with a convenience s le of 121 participants with current or past-year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) opioid dependence recruited from substance use treatment and related services and from pharmacies administering opioid substitution pharmacotherapy. Anhedonia was assessed with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and frequency of illicit opioid use was assessed using timeline follow-back interviews. There was a significant within-subject effect (β=−0.015 95% CI −0.02 to −0.01 p=0.001), indicating that participants’ Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores typically declined (i.e. anhedonia increased) following a month with above-average opioid use and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores rose (i.e. anhedonia reduced) following a month with below-average opioid use. However, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores did not significantly predict opioid use in the subsequent month (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.12 p=0.651). Changes in illicit opioid use predict self-reported anhedonia, suggesting a possible causal relationship whereby anhedonia is likely to worsen with frequent drug use and diminish with prolonged abstinence. However, anhedonia does not appear to drive further drug use.
Neuroanatomical alterations in people with high and low cannabis dependence
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-07-2020
Abstract: We aimed to investigate whether severity of cannabis dependence is associated with the neuroanatomy of key brain regions of the stress and reward brain circuits. To examine dependence-specific regional brain alterations, we compared the volumes of regions relevant to reward and stress, between high-dependence cannabis users (CD+, n = 25), low-dependence cannabis users (CD−, n = 20) and controls ( n = 37). Compared to CD− and/or controls, the CD+ group had lower cerebellar white matter and hippoc al volumes, and deflation of the right hippoc us head and tail. These findings provide initial support for neuroadaptations involving stress and reward circuits that are specific to high-dependence cannabis users.
Sleep- and Wake-Promoting Drugs: Where Are They Being Sourced, and What Is Their Impact?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-07-2019
H-LIKE AND HE-LIKE SPECTRUM IN LOW AND HIGH-DENSITY PLASMAS
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 1989
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of cognitive bias modification training during inpatient withdrawal from alcohol use disorder
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2018
Robust trapping and manipulation of airborne particles with a bottle beam
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 18-08-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.017350
Confined micro-explosion induced by ultrashort laser pulse at SiO2/Si interface
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2013
Visualizing aerosol-particle injection for diffractive-imaging experiments
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-03-2016
DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.006507
Cleaning of paint with high repetition rate laser
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 18-08-2008
Ultrafast electronic relaxation in superheated bismuth
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-01-2013
Acute harms associated with inhalant misuse: Co-morbidities and trends relative to age and gender among ambulance attendees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2018.05.026
Abstract: Inhalant misuse is the deliberate inhalation of products containing toluene to induce intoxication. Chronic harms associated with inhalant misuse are well described including alcohol and other drug use, mental health disorders, and suicidal behaviours. However, the nature of the acute harms from inhalants and characteristics of people who experience those harms are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the acute harms associated with inhalant misuse attendances, and to determine whether these differ by age or gender. Ambulance attendance data (Victoria, Australia) from January 2012 to June 2017 were extracted from a database of coded ambulance records. 779 ambulance attendances involving inhalant misuse were identified. Attendance characteristics were categorised by age and gender. Co-morbidities of current mental health, self-harm and suicidal behaviour were assessed, plus the involvement of alcohol and other drugs. Overall, attendances related to the acute harms of inhalant misuse have decreased over time, although that trend has reversed from January 2015. Gender differentiated the acute harms associated with inhalant misuse. Males were older and presented with concurrent alcohol and other drug use. Females were younger and presented with concurrent suicidal ideation and self-injury. Attendances for under 15-year-olds are increasing this age group was over-represented, predominantly female, with a strong association with self-injury. Ambulance presentations related to inhalant misuse were associated with acute and serious harms. This study highlights that the acute treatment needs of those misusing inhalants are complex and may need to be tailored to gender and age groups.
Comparing rates and characteristics of emergency department presentations related to pharmaceutical opioid poisoning in Australia: a study protocol for a retrospective observational study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-038979
Abstract: Pharmaceutical opioids are an important contributor to the global ‘opioid crisis’, and are implicated in 70% of Australia’s opioid-related mortality. However, there have been few studies which consider the relative contribution of different pharmaceutical opioids to harm. We aim to compare commonly used pharmaceutical opioids in terms of (1) rates of harm, and (2) demographic and clinical characteristics associated with that harm. Observational study of emergency department presentations for non-fatal poisoning related to pharmaceutical opioid use. Data from 2009 to 2019 will be extracted from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset which contains data from public hospitals with dedicated emergency departments in Victoria, Australia’s second most populous state. A combination of free-text and International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes will be used to identify relevant cases, with manual screening of each case to confirm relevance. We will calculate supply-adjusted rates of presentations using Poisson regression for all pharmaceutical opioid cases identified, separately for nine commonly prescribed pharmaceutical opioids (buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxycodone-naloxone, tapentadol, tramadol), and for a multiple opioid category. We will use multinomial logistic regression to compare demographic and clinical characteristics, such as triage category, across opioid types. This work is conducted under approval 21427 from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee for ongoing injury surveillance. As per conditions of approval, cells of will not be reported, though zeroes will be preserved. We will present project findings in a peer-reviewed journal article as well as at relevant scientific conferences.
Breadth and Magnitude of Antibody Responses to MultiplePlasmodium falciparumMerozoite Antigens Are Associated with Protection from Clinical Malaria
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01585-07
Abstract: In iduals living in areas where malaria is endemic are repeatedly exposed to many different malaria parasite antigens. Studies on naturally acquired antibody-mediated immunity to clinical malaria have largely focused on the presence of responses to in idual antigens and their associations with decreased morbidity. We hypothesized that the breadth (number of important targets to which antibodies were made) and magnitude (antibody level measured in a random serum s le) of the antibody response were important predictors of protection from clinical malaria. We analyzed naturally acquired antibodies to five leading Plasmodium falciparum merozoite-stage vaccine candidate antigens, and schizont extract, in Kenyan children monitored for uncomplicated malaria for 6 months ( n = 119). Serum antibody levels to apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein antigens (MSP-1 block 2, MSP-2, and MSP-3) were inversely related to the probability of developing malaria, but levels to MSP-1 19 and erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA-175) were not. The risk of malaria was also inversely associated with increasing breadth of antibody specificities, with none of the children who simultaneously had high antibody levels to five or more antigens experiencing a clinical episode (17/119 15% P = 0.0006). Particular combinations of antibodies (AMA1, MSP-2, and MSP-3) were more strongly predictive of protection than others. The results were validated in a larger, separate case-control study whose end point was malaria severe enough to warrant hospital admission ( n = 387). These findings suggest that under natural exposure, immunity to malaria may result from high titers antibodies to multiple antigenic targets and support the idea of testing combination blood-stage vaccines optimized to induce similar antibody profiles.
Submicrometer-Thick Low-Loss As$_2$S$_3$ Planar Waveguides for Nonlinear Optical Devices
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2010
Pulsation of harmonic andKα emission from laser-produced plasmas
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-1993
Nano-phase separation of arsenic tri-sulphide (As2S3) film and its effect on plasma etching
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Non-equilibrium Transformations of Solids Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2195204
Birth and decay of coherent optical phonons in femtosecond-laser-excited bismuth
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-10-2008
Plasma etching of As2S3 films for optical waveguides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Going Online: The Affordances of Online Counseling for Families Affected by Alcohol and Other Drug Issues
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-03-2019
Abstract: Online counseling can overcome barriers families face when accessing support services for issues such as a relative’s alcohol or other drug use. However, little research has explored how online counseling platforms assist family members to improve their well-being and support their relative. We thematically analyzed 90 transcripts of online counseling sessions with family and friends of people who use alcohol, opioids, and hetamines in Australia between 2015 and 2016. In our analysis, we drew on the concept of affordances to articulate how online platforms afford or constrain potentially therapeutic encounters with families. We found online counseling enabled families to make first contact, relieve distress, plan appropriate action, improve communication, regain direction, and connect with local services. Sessions were constrained by Internet access, web-chat communication, counselors’ focus on referral, and limitations in addressing the wider concerns of families. The findings present opportunities for improving online services for families.
Optical Injector of Particles for X-ray Diffractive Imaging
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2013
Bessel Beam as Optical Injector of Particles for X-ray Morphology
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2013
INVITED Coupling of polarisation of high frequency electric field and electronic heat conduction in laser created plasma
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Comparing rates and characteristics of ambulance attendances related to extramedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in Australia: a protocol for a retrospective observational study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-029170
Abstract: Extramedical use of, and associated harms with pharmaceutical opioids are common. Analysis of coded ambulance clinical records provides a unique opportunity to examine a national population-level indicator of relative harms. This protocol describes an observational study with three aims: (1) to compare supply adjusted rates of pharmaceutical opioid-related ambulance attendances for buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, oxycodone, oxycodone-naloxone, morphine, pethidine, tramadol and tapentadol (2) to compare presentation characteristics for these commonly used pharmaceutical opioids and (3) to describe the context surrounding ambulance presentations related to oxycodone, a widely used opioid with an established abuse liability, and tapentadol, a more recent ‘atypical’ opioid on the Australian market, with fewer studies that have directly examined signals of extramedical use. Trained coders extract data from clinical records for ambulance presentations relating to extramedical use of commonly used pharmaceutical opioids. These data form the basis of a large, national database that captures alcohol-related and drug-related harms. Supply adjusted rates of presentations will be examined using Poisson regression. Multinomial logistic regression will be used to compare severity and other characteristics of attendances relating to different pharmaceutical opioids. Tapentadol-related and oxycodone-related cases will be qualitatively examined to understand the situationally specific contexts of the ambulance attendances outside of the characteristics captured in routinely coded variables. Ethics approval related to analysis of ambulance attendance data was obtained from the Eastern Health Human Research Ethics Committee (E122 08–09), with an amendment specific to the qualitative analysis. Findings will be submitted for peer review in 2019. The understanding of risk profiles in real-world settings is of international public health importance. The analysis and publication of findings from this national dataset of clinical records will provide one of the most nuanced analyses to date of relative harms across nine pharmaceutical opioids over a 6-year period.
Electron-phonon energy relaxation in bismuth excited by ultrashort laser pulse: Temperature and fluence dependence
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2013
Recent trends in heroin and pharmaceutical opioid‐related harms in Victoria, Australia up to 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14784
Abstract: To characterize the trajectory in the years leading up to 2018 in pharmaceutical opioid and heroin morbidity in Victoria, Australia, and to assess the effect on that trajectory of reformulation of oxycodone to a form that could not be easily snorted or injected. Interrupted time-series analyses of population-level data before versus after reformulation of oxycodone, stratified by sex. Victoria, Australia. The population of Victoria aged 12+ years. Ambulance patient care and emergency department (ED) records were examined using both fixed-code and free-text fields, with each record manually cleaned and checked by trained coders. These were used to derive the output variables providing an index of harm: rates of opioid-related ambulance attendances and ED attendances for pharmaceutical opioids and heroin. The input variable was pre- versus post-oxycodone reformulation. There were 30 045 opioid-related ambulance attendances from January 2012 to October 2018 (54% heroin-related), and 10 113 ED attendances from July 2008 to June 2018 (39% heroin-related). There was an increase in the rate (events per 100 000 people per year) of all opioid ED attendances from 2008 to 2018 [increase = 0.063 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.049, 0.078]. Pharmaceutical opioid ED attendances decreased from 2014 onwards (slope change = -0.083 95% CI = -0.108, -0.059). Heroin-related ED attendances increased from 2014 to 2018 11 324 heroin-related ambulance attendances and 1980 ED attendances were observed from April 2014 to June 2018, compared with the respective estimates of 8176, and 1661 had the pre-April 2014 trend continued (ambulance slope change = 0.296, 95% CI = 0.104, 0.489 ED slope change = 0.026, 95% CI = 0.005, 0.046). The inflection point of 2014 coincided with the re-formulation of oxycodone. In Victoria, Australia, there appears to have been a trend starting around mid-2014 of increasing heroin-related harm, and a flattening of the increase or a decrease of harms relating to pharmaceutical opioids. These changes may, in part, reflect reformulation of oxycodone to reduce the extent to which it can be injected or snorted.
Observation of O_2 inside voids formed in GeO_2 glass by tightly-focused fs-laser pulses
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 28-09-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OME.1.001150
Laser trapping in air by photophoretic forces
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2009
Speckle field as a multiple particle trap
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-04-2010
DOI: 10.1117/12.854769
EuroHeartCare 2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-07-2018
Fabrication of high-Q chalcogenide photonic crystal resonators by e-beam lithography
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-02-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2476416
Abstract: The authors report design, fabrication, and characterization of photonic crystal nanocavities in nonlinear chalcogenide glass using e-beam lithography and chemically assisted ion beam etching. The design indicated that three-hole missing cavities with simultaneously modified side hole position and radii showed the maximum quality factor of 14 000, which was insensitive to the fabrication error of side holes. The fabricated cavities presented coupling dips of −2.6dB at the wavelength of 1550nm and quality factors up to 10 000 when excited with the evanescent field from a tapered optical fiber.
Fabrication process development for AS2S3 planar waveguides using standard semiconductor processing
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Experimental evidence of new tetragonal polymorphs of silicon formed through ultrafast laser-induced confined microexplosion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS8555
Abstract: Ordinary materials can transform into novel phases at extraordinary high pressure and temperature. The recently developed method of ultrashort laser-induced confined microexplosions initiates a non-equilibrium disordered plasma state. Ultra-high quenching rates overcome kinetic barriers to the formation of new metastable phases, which are preserved in the surrounding pristine crystal for subsequent exploitation. Here we demonstrate that confined microexplosions in silicon produce several metastable end phases. Comparison with an ab initio random structure search reveals six energetically competitive potential phases, four tetragonal and two monoclinic structures. We show the presence of bt8 and st12, which have been predicted theoretically previously, but have not been observed in nature or in laboratory experiments. In addition, the presence of the as yet unidentified silicon phase, Si-VIII and two of our other predicted tetragonal phases are highly likely within laser-affected zones. These findings may pave the way for new materials with novel and exotic properties.
Amygdala volume mediates the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence: A prospective study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSCYCHRESNS.2018.03.007
Abstract: The current study examined amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes as mediators of the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence. Externalizing behaviors are among the most robust predictors of adolescent smoking, and there is emerging evidence that volume reductions in the amygdala and OFC are associated with risk for substance misuse as well as aggressive, impulsive, and disinhibited tendencies. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we recruited 109 adolescents who provided data on brain volume and externalizing behaviors at age 12, and on smoking at age 18. Daily smoking at age 18 (n = 27) was predicted by externalizing behaviors (measured by the self-report Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) as well as smaller right amygdala volumes. Right amygdala volumes mediated the relationship between externalizing symptoms and later smoking. These findings provide important insight into the neurobiological risk factors associated with adolescent smoking, and, more generally, into factors that may be associated with vulnerability to substance use disorders and related psychopathology.
On the properties and stability of thermally evaporated Ge–As–Se thin films
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2009
Small Atomic Displacements Recorded in Bismuth by the Optical Reflectivity of Femtosecond Laser-Pulse Excitations
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 18-01-2008
Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-01-2022
High quality comb filters in chalcogenide rib waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
The light-induced structural phase transition in confining gallium and its photonic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2000
Comparing rates and characteristics of ambulance attendances related to extramedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in Victoria, Australia from 2013 to 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14896
Dry-etch of As2S3 thin films for optical waveguide fabrication
Publisher: American Vacuum Society
Date: 24-10-2005
DOI: 10.1116/1.2049308
Abstract: Plasma etching to As2S3 thin films for optical waveguide fabrication has been studied using a helicon plasma etcher. The etching effects using the processing gases or gas mixtures of O2, Ar, and CF4 were compared. It was found that the O2 plasma had no chemical etching effect to the As2S3, but it could oxidize the surface of the As2S3. The Ar plasma provided a strong ion sputtering effect to the films. The CF4 plasma exhibited a too strong chemical etch to the As2S3, leading to serious undercutting and very rough sidewalls of the waveguides. Ar and O2 gases were compared as the additives to dilute the CF4 processing gas. The etch rate of the As2S3 was reduced dramatically from over 2000nm∕min to a few hundred nm/min when the pure CF4 gas was heavily diluted with 70% Ar or O2 gas. The undercutting and sidewall roughness of the etched waveguides were also decreased greatly when above dilution was made, which was associated with an enormous weakening of the isotropic chemical etch induced by neutral reactants in the plasma. In addition, the O2 showed a better dilution effect than the Ar in reducing the etch rate of the As2S3 and the O2∕CF4 plasma also enabled a much lower erosion rate to Al mask layers than the Ar∕CF4 plasma at similar plasma conditions. The As2S3 waveguides with near vertical and very smooth sidewalls were obtained using an optimized O2∕CF4 plasma. Moreover, the etching behaviors and mechanisms were explained base on the etching results, and on the characteristics of the applied plasma diagnosed using Langmuir probe and optical spectroscopy techniques.
Doping mechanism directed graphene applications for energy conversion and storage
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA11939C
Abstract: This review provides insight into the major mechanisms, structures, properties, and synthesis methods of doped graphene. The recent applications of doped graphene in energy conversion and storage are reviewed, and future prospects are highlighted.
Polarization-dependent ablation of silicon using tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex pulses
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 13-01-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.000226
Focused femtosecond vortex laser pulse
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2010
Cluster formation through the action of a single picosecond laser pulse
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-2007
Towards Accurate Predictions and Causal ‘What-if’ Analyses for Planning and Policy-making: A Case Study in Emergency Medical Services Demand
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2020
Optical pipeline for transport of particles
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2009
Novel shadow mask structure for sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As2 S3 ) planar waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Fabrication of low loss Ge33As12Se55 (AMTIR-1) planar waveguides
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-07-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2754360
Abstract: The authors describe the fabrication of low loss Ge33As12Se55 rib waveguides. Pulsed laser deposition was used to obtain high quality, dense films with the same stoichiometry as the bulk glass, while standard semiconductor processing was used to pattern the waveguides. They obtained rib waveguides of 3, 4, and 5μm wide with propagation losses (0.3dB∕cm at 1550nm) more than ten times lower than previously reported for this material.
Developing a needle-like optical funnel: Numerical modelling
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-09-2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2530185
Fabrication of As2 S3 Planar waveguides with very low propagation loss
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2007
Dynamic axial control over optically levitating particles in air with an electrically-tunable variable-focus lens
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 30-06-2016
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.7.002902
Dry etching characteristics of amorphous As2S3 film in CHF3 plasma
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.3041647
Abstract: The authors describe the dry etching characteristics of amorphous As2S3 films in CHF3 plasma and the development of an optimized fabrication process for compact waveguides. The observed etching behavior is due to the relative densities of fluorine atoms, polymer precursors, and ions in the plasma which are controlled by the process parameters. In particular, the flow rate of the CHF3 gas has a significant influence on the etched profile and surface roughness as well as the etch rate of the As2S3. The profile evolves from isotropic to vertical with the flow rate due to passivation by increasing polymer deposition on the sidewalls. Such passivation also helps achieve smooth sidewalls because it inhibits differential etching between the phases in the inherently phase-separated As2S3 film, which otherwise results in a grainy and rough etched surface. At the highest flow rate, however, excessive polymer deposition occurs and this results in positive-sloped sidewall and grassy etched surface due to micromasking.
MULTI-MEGABAR PRESSURE AND SUPER-DENSE MATERIALS CREATED BY LASER-INDUCED MICRO-EXPLOSION INSIDE OF TRANSPARENT SOLID
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2832894
A systematic review of risk factors for methamphetamine-associated psychosis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-01-2018
Abstract: Chronic meth hetamine use is commonly associated with the development of psychotic symptoms. The predictors and correlates of meth hetamine-associated psychosis are poorly understood. We sought to systematically review factors associated with psychotic symptoms in adults using illicit hetamine or meth hetamine. A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE (OVID), PsycINFO and EMBASE databases from inception to 8 December 2016. The search strategy combined three concept areas: meth hetamine or hetamine, psychosis and risk factors. Included studies needed to compare adults using illicit meth hetamine or hetamine, using a validated measure of psychosis, on a range of risk factors. Of 402 identified articles, we removed 45 duplicates, 320 articles based on abstract/title and 17 ineligible full-text articles, leaving 20 included studies that were conducted in 13 populations. Two co-authors independently extracted the following data from each study: country, setting and design participant demographic and clinical details s le size measure/s used and measures of association between psychosis outcomes and risk factors. In idual study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and strength of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Frequency of meth hetamine use and severity of meth hetamine dependence were consistently found to be associated with psychosis, and sociodemographic factors were not. There was inconsistent evidence available for all other risk factors. In idual study quality was low–moderate for the majority of studies. Heterogeneity in study outcomes precluded quantitative synthesis of outcomes across studies. The most consistent correlates of psychotic symptoms were increased frequency of meth hetamine use and dependence on meth hetamine. The findings of this review highlight the need for targeted assessment and treatment of meth hetamine use in in iduals presenting with psychosis.
Harms associated with extramedical use of prescription opioid analgesics in Australia: A scoping review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2018.07.001
Abstract: Evidence is accumulating globally on harms from extramedical prescription opioid analgesic (POA) use. The aim of this scoping review was to explore harms and documented risk factors associated with extramedical POA use in Australia. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched for original studies published between January 2000 and February 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if: 1) POA use was explicitly reported, 2) extramedical use was evident 3) harm was explicitly reported, 4) data were collected in/after 2000, 5) conducted in adults and 6) undertaken in Australia. We identified 560 articles and 16 met the inclusion criteria. Harms reported from extramedical POA use included: increased health service utilization (n = 5), non-fatal overdose (n = 6), fatal overdose (n = 5), injection-related injuries or diseases (n = 4), engagement in crime (n = 2), loss of employment (n = 1), and foreign body pulmonary embolization (n = 1). Multiple drug toxicity was reported as the cause of death in up to 83% of fatal overdose cases. Risk factors for harm included being male, aged 31-49 years, a history of chronic non-cancer pain, mental health disorders and/or substance abuse, and concomitant use of benzodiazepines, antidepressants or other centrally-acting substances. Extramedical use of POAs is associated with a range of harms, including fatal and non-fatal overdose. Polysubstance use with other centrally-acting substances was often implicated. No published studies used linked data sources to provide a comprehensive overview of the extent of POA use or harm in Australia. Future research should focus on undertaking longitudinal cohort studies with linked data sources.
Intensity measurements of a quasi-monochromatic X-ray beam formed by a spherically bent crystal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1990
Megahertz single-particle imaging at the European XFEL
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S42005-020-0362-Y
Abstract: The emergence of high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) powered by superconducting accelerator technology enables the measurement of significantly more experimental data per day than was previously possible. The European XFEL is expected to provide 27,000 pulses per second, over two orders of magnitude more than any other XFEL. The increased pulse rate is a key enabling factor for single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging, which relies on averaging the weak diffraction signal from single biological particles. Taking full advantage of this new capability requires that all experimental steps, from s le preparation and delivery to the acquisition of diffraction patterns, are compatible with the increased pulse repetition rate. Here, we show that single-particle imaging can be performed using X-ray pulses at megahertz repetition rates. The results obtained pave the way towards exploiting high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers for single-particle imaging at their full repetition rate.
Generation of third-harmonic radiation of IR picosecond lasers for ultrafast pulsed laser deposition
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-04-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.513620
X-ray focusing using lobster-eye optics: a comparison of theory with experiment
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-06-1995
DOI: 10.1117/12.212593
Simple convergent-nozzle aerosol injector for single-particle diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-06-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4922648
Abstract: A major challenge in high-resolution x-ray free-electron laser-based coherent diffractive imaging is the development of aerosol injectors that can efficiently deliver particles to the peak intensity of the focused X-ray beam. Here, we consider the use of a simple convergent-orifice nozzle for producing tightly focused beams of particles. Through optical imaging we show that 0.5 μm particles can be focused to a full-width at half maximum diameter of 4.2 μm, and we demonstrate the use of such a nozzle for injecting viruses into a micro-focused soft-X-ray FEL beam.
SU‐8 protective layer in photo‐resist patterning on As2S3 film
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2011
Abstract: Amorphous chalcogenide thin films, especially arsenic tri‐sulphide (As 2 S 3 ) are emerging as an excellent platform for integrated non‐linear optic devices due to their high non‐linearity as well as low linear and nonlinear optical loss. Fabricating planar As 2 S 3 waveguides, however, is not straightforward because As 2 S 3 is dissolved in alkalis such as photo‐resist developer. In this study we present the application of thin SU‐8 film as a protective layer to prevent the attack of the developer on the As 2 S 3 during photolithographic process. Despite excellent coating feature and simple process of SU‐8 as a protective layer, the delamination between SU‐8 and polymer cladding during chip cleaving hindered its application. We deposited thin Al 2 O 3 on SU‐8 by atomic layer deposition and this intermediate layer could solve the problem. We measured the insertion losses of fabricated waveguides as a function of device lengths and widths. The propagation loss becomes significant in a narrow guide due to the enhanced surface scattering. It was clear that extra losses were engaged in long guides containing bending structures. SU‐8 layer and thin Al 2 O 3 combination allowed reliable and repeatable fabrication process in that it did not induce any extra light scattering or absorption and prevented attack of the As 2 S 3 film by the alkaline developer. Moreover, the device characterisation revealed that SU‐8 layer is superior to PMMA/BARC in terms of propagation loss of waveguide (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Insomnia and regulation of sleep-wake cycle with drugs among adolescent risky drinkers
Publisher: American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)
Date: 15-09-2018
DOI: 10.5664/JCSM.7330
Mechanisms of ablation-rate decrease in multiple-pulse laser ablation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2001
Trends in gamma-hydroxybutyrate-related harms based on ambulance attendances from 2012 to 2018 in Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14848
Abstract: Although the prevalence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use is relatively low globally, harms related to the drug appear to be increasing. Few existing studies present reliable, representative, population-level data on GHB-related harms. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in acute GHB-related harms within an ambulance database in Australia. Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of data on all GHB-related ambulance attendances in the state of Victoria, Australia during a 7-year period (January 2012-December 2018) MEASUREMENTS: Presentations were characterized based on patient demographics, transport to hospital, co-occurring substance use (i.e. GHB only, alcohol, meth hetamine, heroin, benzodiazepine and cannabis) and clinical presentation (e.g. symptoms of anxiety, psychosis, depression). There were 5866 GHB-related ambulance attendances between 2012 and 2018, with the prevalence rate increasing from 8.8 per 100 000 population in 2012 to a maximum of 21.7 per 100 000 population in 2017. Meth hetamine [odds ratio (OR) = 6.23, P < 0.001] and benzodiazepine-related (OR = 1.43, P < 0.001) co-occurrences ages between 18-29 (OR = 6.58, P < 0.001) and 30-39 years (OR = 2.02, P < 0.001) and male gender (OR = 1.23, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of GHB-related attendances. There has been a 147% increase in the prevalence of GHB-related ambulance attendances in Victoria, Australia between 2012 and 2019, largely attributable to a growth in the proportions of people using gamma-hydroxybutyrate alone or concurrently with meth hetamine.
INVESTIGATION OF LASER PLASMA DYNAMICS USING THE X-RAY-SPECTRA OF MULTICHARGED IONS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1985
Super-dense Al formed by ultrafast laser microexplosion
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Influence of TiO2 on second harmonic generation in disperse red -1 doped organic-inorganic hybrid thin films
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1557/PROC-1015-BB01-07
Abstract: Disperse Red 1 (DR1) doped TiO2-SiO2 inorganic-organic hybrid polymers were prepared by an anhydrous sol-gel process and second harmonic generation (SHG) of the fundamental 1053nm in these polymeric thin films was measured using Maker-fringe method. The nonlinear optical activity of DR1 in the thin films was studied by corona poling at different temperature (from room temperature to 140°C), and the stability of SHG after switching off corona power was evaluated by analyzing the SHG decay dynamics. Experimental results showed that the stability of the SHG of DR1 significantly increases with the cross-linkage degree of the TiO 2 SiO 2 hybrid polymer network, and that the second harmonic coefficient d 33 increases as the DR1 concentration increases. TiO 2 -doping can promote the polymerization of unsaturated C=C double bonds in the hybrid thin films during in-situ hot poling, enhancing the cross-linkage of the network of the hybrid material, and resulting in a great improvement of the stability of SHG. The excellent stability of second harmonic generation in the hybrid polymer thin films suggests that TiO 2 -doped inorganic-organic hybrid polymer is promising for chromophore doping for nonlinear optical applications.
Imprinting local field structure of ultra-short pulses
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
An Exploratory RCT to Support Gamblers’ Intentions to Stick to Monetary Limits: A Brief Intervention Using Action and Coping Planning
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-019-09873-W
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and impact of an action and coping planning intervention deployed in gambling venues to improve adherence to expenditure limits. We conducted a 2-group parallel-block randomised controlled trial comparing one 20-min session of action and coping planning to an assessment alone. Gamblers who were intending to set a monetary limit on EGMs (n = 184) were recruited in venues and administered the intervention prior to gambling. Measures were adherence to self-identified gambling limits and adherence to expenditure intentions at 30-days post-intervention using the Time Line Follow-Back. The intervention was feasible in terms of recruitment and willingness of gamblers to engage in a pre-gambling intervention. Most gamblers enacted strategies to limit their gambling prior to entering the venue, albeit these limits were on average higher than the Australian low risk gambling guidelines. In terms of impact, the intervention did not improve adherence to limits at post or 30-day follow-up assessment. However, Moderate Risk/Problem Gamblers in the Intervention group spent less (a median of $60 less) than intended (median $100) within the venue. All intervention participants intended to spend significantly less in the 30 days after the intervention compared to the amount spent in the 30 days prior to the intervention. This reduction was not found for participants in the control group. A simple brief intervention appears feasible in gambling venues and have an impact on gambling intentions over the short term.
Laser-Matter Interaction Confined Inside the Bulk of a Transparent Solid
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-06-2006
Magnetic Properties of Novel Carbon Allotropes
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2006
Expansion-limited aggregation of nanoclusters in a single-pulse laser-produced plume
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-11-2009
Cognitive deficits in methamphetamine addiction: Independent contributions of dependence and intelligence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
MAKINGtheLINK: A school-based intervention to improve help-seeking for substance use problems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-02-2017
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12402
Abstract: Many young people are reluctant to seek professional help for alcohol and other substance use problems, preferring to rely on family and friends. MAKINGtheLINK is a school-based intervention that teaches adolescents how to help their peers overcome barriers to engaging with professional help. The current study examined the effect of the MAKINGtheLINK programme in a s le of 12- to 15-year-old students. Participants included 247 Grade 8 students (49% male, 51% female) recruited from 3 schools in Victoria, Australia. Participants completed questionnaires measuring barriers to professional help-seeking, help-seeking intentions and confidence to seek help at 3 time points (pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-week follow-up). A non-controlled repeated measures design was used to assess the effect of the programme on help-seeking across time points. The programme decreased barriers, increased intentions to seek help from formal sources, decreased intentions to seek help from family and increased confidence to seek help for a peer. The decrease in barriers was maintained at the 6-week follow-up, as were decreased intentions to seek help from family members, and increased intentions to seek help from school counsellors and alcohol and drug workers. The effects of the intervention did not differ substantially between males and females. The MAKINGtheLINK is the first intervention to focus on overcoming barriers to help-seeking for substance use problems by helping adolescents develop skills to support their peers. The intervention has promise as a means of facilitating help-seeking during adolescence, although further research is needed to test its effectiveness in a more rigorous design.
Speckle Field As A Multiple Particle Trap
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3507112
Light-induced metallization in laser-deposited gallium films
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-2001
Photophoretic manipulation of absorbing aerosol particles with vortex beams: theory versus experiment
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 30-04-2022
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.008201
Abstract: We develop a theoretical approach for describing the optical trapping and manipulation of carbon nanoclusters in air with a dual-vortex optical trap, as realized recently in experiment [V. Shvedov et al., Opt. Express 17, 5743 (2009)]. We calculate both longitudinal and transverse photophoretic forces acting on a spherical absorbing particle, and then compare our theoretical predictions with the experimental data.
Combining approach bias modification with working memory training during inpatient alcohol withdrawal: An open-label pilot trial of feasibility and acceptability
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2019
Expansion-limited nanocluster growth in a plume formed by MHz-pulse-rate laser ablation
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 26-05-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.661201
Self-reported sleep disturbance in ambulance attendances for suicidal ideation and attempted suicide between 2012 and 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Considerations when selecting pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-11-2019
Ultrafast ablation with high-pulse-rate lasers. Part II: Experiments on laser deposition of amorphous carbon films
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-04-1999
DOI: 10.1063/1.370334
Abstract: Ultrafast pulsed laser deposition is a novel technique for depositing particle-free, thin solid films using very high repetition rate lasers. The process involves evaporation of the target by low energy laser pulses focused to an optimum intensity to eliminate particles from the vapor. This results in films with very high surface quality while the very high repetition rate increases the overall deposition rate. Here we report an experimental demonstration of the process by creating ultrasmooth, thin, amorphous carbon films using high repetition rate Nd:YAG lasers. Both a 10 kHz, 120 ns Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, or a 76 MHz 60 ps mode-locked Nd:YAG laser were used in the experiments. The number of particles visible with an optical microscope on the carbon film deposited using the mode-locked laser was less than one particle per mm2. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the deposited film had a very fine surface texture with nanoscale irregularities. Atomic force microscopy surface microroughness measurements revealed a saturation-like behavior of the root-mean-square roughness at & nm over the whole deposited surface area for 10 kHz Q-switched laser evaporation and almost at the atomic level (& nm) for the 76 MHz mode-locked laser evaporation. Raman spectroscopy of the deposited films indicated that they consisted of a mixture of sp3 and sp2 bonded amorphous carbon. The thickness of the amorphous carbon film deposited simultaneously on two 4 in. silicon wafers varied by only ±5% over an area of ∼250 cm2. The deposition rate was ∼2–6 Å/s at a distance of ∼150 mm from the target, which is 10 to 25 times higher than that achieved with conventional high energy low repetition rate nanosecond lasers.
Ultrafast ablation with high-pulse-rate lasers. Part I: Theoretical considerations
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-04-1999
DOI: 10.1063/1.370333
Abstract: We propose a novel ultrafast pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, which eliminates the well-known problem of contamination of the films produced by PLD with particulates ejected from the target. The method uses low energy, picosecond duration laser pulses delivered onto a target at rates of several tens of MHz and thus differs from conventional the PLD method which utilizes high energy, nanosecond duration pulses delivered at low (≈10 Hz) repetition rates. In this article we present the theoretical background justifying the method and define the optimal conditions for efficient evaporation of a target with given thermodynamic properties. By reducing the laser pulse energy while maintaining optimum evaporation, the number of atoms evaporated by each pulse is reduced to the point where it becomes impossible for macroscopic lumps of material to be ejected with the available laser energy, thus preventing the source of particle contamination in the film. To achieve high evaporation rate, the laser pulse repetition rate is increased. We compare our theoretical predictions with literature reports of optimal evaporation in a number of experiments, while in part II of this article we describe a specific experimental study where the method is applied to the production of amorphous carbon thin films.
Shock waves in basalt rock generated with high-powered lasers in a confined geometry
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-11-1999
DOI: 10.1063/1.371546
Abstract: An investigation was made into the interaction of Q-switched Nd: glass laser pulses, with energies of 5–100 J and intensities in the range of 1–15 GW cm−2, with thin slab s les of basalt, in a geometry in which the laser–matter interaction was enhanced by confining the laser-induced plasma and vapor against the rock surface with a thin water layer. The high pressure generated during expansion of the ablated material produced a shock wave which traveled into the rock. On basalt s les of thicknesses of up to 18 mm, reflection of the shock wave at the rear surface of the s le caused a thin rock layer to be spalled. Examination of the structure within the interior of the rock after laser exposure revealed extensive grain disruption near to the laser spot, due to the shock-wave passage. Rock specimens of thickness 50 mm were tested via Vickers hardness microindenter. The laser exposure was shown to produce a hardness decrease within the rock which was up to 50%, and extended to depths of 25 mm beneath the target position. An empirical model accounting for shock-wave formation and propagation was developed and compared to the experimental results.
Selective trapping of multiple particles by volume speckle field
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 28-01-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.003137
Dynamics of light-induced reflectivity switching in gallium films deposited on silica by pulsed laser ablation
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 04-2001
DOI: 10.1364/OL.26.000441
Abstract: We present what is to our knowledge the first experimental study of light-induced reflectivity changes at an alpha-Ga/Si interface irradiated by femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses. After exposure, the reflectivity can increase from R?0.55 , which is typical for alpha-Ga , to R?0.8 , which is close to that of liquid Ga. The initial step in the reflectivity change of 2-4 ps is resolved with 150-fs laser pulses. The light-induced reflectivity change relaxes during 100ns-10 mus , depending strongly on the background temperature of the Ga mirror and the laser fluence.
Efficient beam converter for the generation of high-power femtosecond vortices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 30-07-2028
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.002660
Ultrafast laser-induced micro-explosion: material modification tool
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2016
Coherent phonons imprinted into reflectivity oscillations of laser-excited Bi through electron-phonon coupling
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Social identity differentiation predicts commitment to sobriety and wellbeing in residents of therapeutic communities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2019.112459
Abstract: Therapeutic communities (TC) for alcohol and other drug treatment rely strongly on social factors as agents of recovery an approach known as 'community-as-method'. This study adopted a social identity approach in examining the relative strength of participants' recovery group identity and substance using group identity at admission (T1) and after six months (T2) in a TC. Were to investigate whether identity differentiation - the extent to which respondents see themselves more as belonging to recovery groups than belonging to substance using groups - (a) is related to in iduals' primary substance of concern (i.e., hetamine type stimulants alcohol other drugs), and (b) predicts positive indicators of recovery six months after entering a therapeutic community. Adults (N = 307) entering one of five Australian therapeutic communities (TC) completed measures of identification (user, recovery), commitment to sobriety, psychological distress, and personal wellbeing. Participants' endorsement of the user and recovery identity at T1 and T2 did not differ as a function of primary substance of concern. User identity diminished over the six months while recovery identity remained high, regardless of primary drug category. Identity differentiation measured at T2 accounted for 20-25% variance in commitment to sobriety and wellbeing, after accounting for participant demographics, addiction severity, and T1 identity variables. These findings highlight the importance of the relative strength of recovery over substance use related identities in supporting recovery indicators and the central role of the TC in supporting this trajectory.
Excitation of Coherent Phonons in Crystalline Bi: Theory for Driving Atomic Vibrations by Femtosecond Pulses
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1557/PROC-1016-CC06-03
Abstract: In this paper we show time-resolved experiment with 35 fs resolution on bismuth single crystal, for which very high sensitivity detection system has been used. Coherent and incoherent lattice dynamics as well as electrons dynamics can be clearly seen into the reflectivity changes. The complex behaviour of the reflectivity could not be explained in the light of the existing theories. Therefore, we developed a new theory, starting from the very basic principle of laser-matter interaction, which is in good agreement with experimental results. Two main results will be shown: the coherent phonon is excited by the temperature gradient the changes in reflectivity are related directly to the changes in electron-phonon collision frequency.
Low-loss waveguides in ultrafast laser-deposited As_2S_3 chalcogenide films
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-2003
Single-walled carbon nanotubes formation with a continuous CO 2 -laser: experiments and theory
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2000
Photoluminescence from voids created by femtosecond-laser pulses inside cubic-BN
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-12-2015
DOI: 10.1364/OL.40.005711
The evolution of bond structure in Ge33As12Se55 films upon thermal annealing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
Gallium transformation under femtosecond laser excitation: Phase coexistence and incomplete melting
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 30-08-2004
Formation of cluster-assembled carbon nano-foam by high-repetition-rate laser ablation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2000
Reflectivity oscillations of fs-laser excited Bismuth: excitation of coherent phonons
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 26-05-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.669618
Laser speckle field as a multiple particle trap
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-07-2105
Emotion Recognition and Impulsive Choice in Relation to Methamphetamine Use and Psychosis Symptoms
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-12-2019
A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Caregiver-Facilitated Problem-Solving Based Self-Learning Program for Family Carers of People with Early Psychosis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-12-2020
Abstract: Facilitated self-help and problem-solving strategies can empower and support family carers to cope with caregiving for people with severe mental illnesses. This single-blind multi-site randomised controlled trial examined the effects of a five-month family-facilitated problem-solving based self-learning program (PBSP in addition to usual care), versus a family psychoeducation group program and usual psychiatric care only in recent-onset psychosis, with a six-month follow-up. In each of three study sites (integrated community centres for mental wellness), 114 people with early psychosis (≤5 years illness onset) and their family carers were randomly selected and allocated to one of three study groups (n = 38). Caregiving burden (primary outcome) and patients’ and carers’ health conditions were assessed at recruitment, and one-month and six-months post-intervention. Overall, 106 (94.7%) participants completed the assigned intervention and ≥1 post-test. Generalised estimating equations and subsequent contrast tests indicated that the PBSP participants showed significantly greater improvements in carers’ burden, caregiving experiences and problem-solving ability, and patients’ psychotic symptoms, recovery, and duration of re-hospitalisations over the six-month follow-up, compared with the other two groups (moderate to large effect size, η2 = 0.12–0.24). Family-assisted problem-solving based self-learning programs were found to be effective to improve both psychotic patients’ and their carers’ psychosocial health over a medium term, thus reducing patients’ risk of relapse.
Structural changes in femtosecond laser modified regions inside fused silica
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-11-2010
Rapid sample delivery for megahertz serial crystallography at X-ray FELs
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 27-07-2018
DOI: 10.1107/S2052252518008369
Abstract: Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and s le. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s −1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.
Photo-structuring of As2S3glass by femtosecond irradiation
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.007751
Abstract: The nonlinear absorption coefficient of As(2)S(3) glass has been measured to be 2.0 cm/GW for femtosecond pulses at 800 nm. Femtosecond laser structuring via two photon absorption in bulk As(2)S(3) glass by erasable and permanent photo-darkening is demonstrated using both holographic and direct multi-beam laser writing.
Selective localised modifications of silicon crystal by ultrafast laser induced micro-explosion
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 29-03-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2007550
Social group membership before treatment for substance dependence predicts early identification and engagement with treatment communities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-01-2019
A six-step brief intervention to reduce distress and increase treatment readiness in problem gamblers
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-05-2020
Abstract: The majority of people with gambling problems contact helplines when they are in crisis, h ering their capacity to explore suitable treatment options. To date, there has been limited research identifying the best way to support in iduals to reduce distress and maximise further treatment-seeking. In this paper, we describe the development and piloting of the resulting six-step brief intervention. A six-step brief intervention was developed based on a literature review of existing interventions for crisis management, semi-structured interviews with 19 participants comprising gambling and crisis support counsellors and consumers, as well as experts in the addiction field. The resulting six-step brief-intervention focusses on (1) acknowledging and measuring distress (2) normalising and reducing distress (3) optimising motivation for change (4) providing a sense of hope (5) re-measuring distress and, if reduced (6) exploring options for treatment and support. Whilst developed primarily for helpline counsellors, the intervention has potential application for health practitioners working across telephone, online and face-to-face services. Further research is required to determine its effectiveness in improving treatment engagement amongst people with gambling problems.
Green light-induced annealing of As2S3 thin films and its impact on waveguides performance
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2010
Work-related injury and disease in Australian road transport workers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Table-top 50-W laser system for ultra-fast laser ablation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2004
Transient reflectivity of gallium films induced by femtosecond laser
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2002
Water Droplet Motion Control on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Exploiting the Wenzel-to-Cassie Transition
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-02-2011
DOI: 10.1021/LA104669K
Abstract: Water droplets on rough hydrophobic surfaces are known to exist in two states one in which the droplet is impaled on the surface asperities (Wenzel state) and the other, a superhydrophobic state in which air remains trapped beneath the droplet (Cassie state). Here, we demonstrate that water droplets can transit from the Wenzel-to-Cassie state even though the former is energetically favored. We find that two distinct superhydrophobic states are produced. One is a true Cassie state, whereas the other exhibits superhydrophobicity in the absence of a vapor phase being trapped in the surface roughness. Furthermore, we can selectively drive the motion of water droplets on tilted structured hydrophobic surfaces by exploiting Wenzel-to-Cassie transitions. This can be achieved by heating the substrate or by directly heating the droplet using a laser.
The diagnostic accuracy of brief screening instruments for problem gambling: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CPR.2019.101784
Abstract: Non-gambling specialist services, such as primary care, alcohol and other drug use, and mental health services, are well placed to enhance the identification of people with gambling problems and offer appropriate generalist first level interventions or referral. Given time and resource demands, many of these clinical services may only have the capacity to administer very short screening instruments. This systematic review was conducted to provide a resource for health service providers and researchers in identifying the most accurate brief (1-5 item) screening instruments to identify problem and at-risk gambling for their specific purposes and populations. A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature from 1990 to 2019 identified 25 articles for inclusion. Meta-analysis revealed five of the 20 available instruments met criteria for satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in detecting both problem and at-risk gambling: Brief Problem Gambling Screen (BPGS-2), NODS-CLiP, Problem Gambling Severity Index-Short Form (PGSI-SF), NODS-PERC, and NODS-CLiP2. Of these, the NODS-CLiP and NODS-PERC have the largest volume of diagnostic data. The Lie/Bet Questionnaire and One-Item Screen are also promising shorter options. Because these conclusions are drawn from a relatively limited evidence base, future studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of existing brief instruments across settings, age groups, and timeframes are needed.
The Drug and Alcohol Clinical Advisory Service: A model of telephone‐delivered addiction specialist support
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13035
Abstract: People with substance use problems frequently present to mainstream health services with a variety of health issues. However, many medical and allied health-care providers feel under-equipped to respond to this population. We describe the Drug and Alcohol Clinical Advisory Service (DACAS), an established 24/7 telephone-delivered model of addiction specialist consultation, and examine recent call data to identify drug use issues for which health practitioners seek support. Methods of DACAS service provision and call data collection are provided. A retrospective review of routinely collected call data between July 2013 and June 2018 was performed, extracting information on call and caller characteristics, and consultation details. During 2013-2018, DACAS responded to 6565 calls, providing access to specialist alcohol and other drug support for more than 1200 practitioners across Victoria, Tasmania and the Northern Territory annually. Higher rates of service use were found among practitioners located in regional and remote areas, relative to those in metropolitan areas. Opioid agonist treatment was the most common drug class for which practitioners sought consultation (39.5%), followed by other opioids (19.4%). Advice-seeking patterns differed according to caller profession, service setting and location. DACAS is providing a multistate-level response to the challenges of accessing specialist addiction treatment, particularly for opioid agonist treatment and other opioid issues, with demonstrated uptake in regional and remote areas. This telephone-delivered service provides an opportunity to expand access to treatment for opioid use disorder and other substance use problems, particularly in areas with less equitable access to specialist addiction care.
Magnetic ordering and spin-glass behaviour of carbon nanoclusters
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Giant Optical Manipulation
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-09-2010
Lifetime of optical phonons in fs-laser excited bismuth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2008
Evidence of superdense aluminium synthesized by ultrafast microexplosion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS1449
Precision ablation of dental enamel using a subpicosecond pulsed laser
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.2003.TB00036.X
Abstract: In this study we report the use of ultra-short-pulsed near-infrared lasers for precision laser ablation of freshly extracted human teeth. The laser wavelength was approximately 800nm, with pulsewidths of 95 and 150fs, and pulse repetition rates of 1kHz. The laser beam was focused to an approximate diameter of 50microm and was scanned over the tooth surface. The rise in the intrapulpal temperature was monitored by embedded thermocouples, and was shown to remain below 5 degrees C when the tooth was air-cooled during laser treatment. The surface preparation of the ablated teeth, observed by optical and electron microscopy, showed no apparent cracking or heat effects, and the hardness and Raman spectra of the laser-treated enamel were not distinguishable from those of native enamel. This study indicates the potential for ultra-short-pulsed lasers to effect precision ablation of dental enamel.
Modification of refractive index by a single femtosecond pulse confined inside a bulk of a photorefractive crystal
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-02-2010
Effectiveness of a culturally tailored SMS alcohol intervention for same-sex attracted women: Protocol for an RCT
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2019
Carbon nanofoam as a potential hydrogen storage material
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2007
The relationship between methamphetamine use and heterosexual behaviour: evidence from a prospective longitudinal study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14181
Abstract: To estimate the extent to which specific sexual behaviours (being sexually active, having multiple sex partners, casual sex, condomless casual sex, anal sex and condomless anal sex) change during periods of meth hetamine use. Within-person estimates for the relationship between meth hetamine use and sexual behaviour were derived from longitudinal panel data from the Meth hetamine Treatment Evaluation Study (MATES) cohort (2006-10). Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Participants (n = 319) were recruited through treatment and other health services, self-identified as heterosexual, were aged 17-51 years, 74% were male and all were dependent on meth hetamine on study entry. Days of meth hetamine use in the past month and sexual behaviour in the past month were both assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index. When using meth hetamine, participants had double the odds of being sexually active compared with when they were not using, after adjustment for demographics and other substance use [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.9, P = 0.010]. When participants were sexually active, they were more likely to have multiple sex partners (aOR = 3.3, P = 0.001), casual sex partners (aOR = 3.9, P < 0.001) and condomless casual sex (aOR = 2.6, P = 0.012) when using meth hetamine than when they were not using. During months when participants had a casual sex partner, there was no significant reduction in their likelihood of condom use when they were using meth hetamine. There was no significant change in the likelihood of having anal sex or condomless anal sex during months of meth hetamine use. Meth hetamine use is associated with an increase in being sexually active, having multiple sex partners and casual sex partners and having condomless sex with casual partners, but it is not associated with a change in condom use per se.
Laser-deposited As2S3 chalcogenide films for waveguide applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2002
Measurement of x-ray spectral line wavelengths by using two bragg reflections.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1990
Treatment for Family Members of People Experiencing Gambling Problems: Family Members Want Both Gambler-Focused and Family-Focused Options
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2019
Lymphoblastoid cell line with B1 cell characteristics established from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia clone by in vitro EBV infection
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Transient dielectric function of Gallium undergoing order-disorder phase transition induced by femtosecond laser pulses
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-12-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.537284
The influence of opioid dependence on salt consumption and related psychological parameters in mice and humans
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2019.05.021
Abstract: The consumption of dietary salt (NaCl) is controlled by neuronal pathways that are modulated by endogenous opioid signalling. The latter is disrupted by chronic use of exogenous opioid receptor agonists, such as morphine. Therefore, opioid dependence may influence salt consumption, which we investigated in two complimentary studies in humans and mice. Human study: three groups were recruited: i. In iduals who are currently opioid dependent and receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST) ii. Previously opioid dependent in iduals, who are currently abstinent, and iii. Healthy controls with no history of opioid dependence. Participants tasted solutions containing different salt concentrations and indicated levels of salt 'desire', salt 'liking', and perceptions of 'saltiness'. Mouse study: preference for 0.1 M versus 0.2 M NaCl and overall levels of salt consumption were recorded during and after chronic escalating morphine treatment. Human study: Abstinent participants' 'desire' for and 'liking' of salt was shifted towards more highly concentrated salt solutions relative to control and OST in iduals. Mouse study: Mice increased their total salt consumption during morphine treatment relative to vehicle controls, which persisted for 3 days after cessation of treatment. Preference for 'low' versus 'high' concentrations of salt were unchanged. These findings suggest a possible common mechanistic cross-sensitization to salt that is present in both mice and humans and builds our understanding of how opioid dependence can influence dietary salt consumption. This research may help inform better strategies to improve the diet and overall wellbeing of the growing number of in iduals who develop opioid dependence.
Surface Oxidation of Ge33As12Se55Films
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2008
Testing the phenotypic gambit: phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations of colour
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2006.01262.X
Abstract: Evolutionary theory is primarily concerned with genetic processes, yet empirical testing of this theory often involves data collected on phenotypes. To make this tenable, the implicit assumption is often made that phenotypic patterns are good predictors of genetic patterns an assumption that coined the phenotypic gambit. Although this assumption has been validated for traits with high heritability, such as morphology, its generality for traits with low heritabilities, such as life-history and behavioural traits, remains controversial. Using a large-scale cross-fostering experiment, we were able to measure genetic, common environmental and phenotypic correlations between four colour traits and two skeletal traits in a wild population of passerine birds, the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Colour traits had little heritable variation but common environment effects were found to be important skeletal traits showed the opposite pattern. Positive correlations because of a shared natal environment were found between all traits, obscuring negative genetic correlations between some colour and skeletal traits. Consequently, phenotypic patterns were poor surrogates for genetic patterns and we suggest that this may be common if trade-offs or substantial parental effects exist. For this group of traits, the phenotypic gambit cannot be made and we suggest caution when inferring genetic patterns from phenotypic data, especially for behavioural and life-history traits.
Evidence of New High-Pressure Silicon Phases in Fs-Laser Induced Confined Microexplosion
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2013
Physical Aging of Arsenic Trisulfide Thick Films and Bulk Materials
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2007
Femtosecond X-ray diffraction from an aerosolized beam of protein nanocrystals
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1107/S1600576717018131
Abstract: High-resolution Bragg diffraction from aerosolized single granulovirus nanocrystals using an X-ray free-electron laser is demonstrated. The outer dimensions of the in-vacuum aerosol injector components are identical to conventional liquid-microjet nozzles used in serial diffraction experiments, which allows the injector to be utilized with standard mountings. As compared with liquid-jet injection, the X-ray scattering background is reduced by several orders of magnitude by the use of helium carrier gas rather than liquid. Such reduction is required for diffraction measurements of small macromolecular nanocrystals and single particles. High particle speeds are achieved, making the approach suitable for use at upcoming high-repetition-rate facilities.
Ultrafast Laser Induced Confined Microexplosion: A New Route to Form Super-Dense Material Phases
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2014
Laser-matter interaction in the bulk of transparent dielectrics: Confined micro-explosion
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-2007
Compact high-power optical source for resonant infrared pulsed laser ablation and deposition of polymer materials
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.012302
Abstract: We propose a novel tuneable table-top optical source as an alternative to the free electron laser currently used for resonant infrared pulsed laser deposition of polymers. It is based on two-stage pulsed optical parametric lification using MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobate crystals. Gain in excess of 10(6) in the first stage and pump depletion of 58% in the second stage were achieved when the system was pumped by a high-power Nd:YVO(4) picosecond laser source at 1064 nm and seeded by a CW tuneable diode laser at 1530 nm. An average power of 2 W was generated at 3.5 microm corresponding to 1.3 microJ pulse energy.
Managing long-term high-dose prescription opioids in patients with non-cancer pain: The potential role of sublingual buprenorphine
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 06-2020
Materials processing with a tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex pulse
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-10-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.003417
Effective suicide prevention: Where is the discussion on alcohol?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-05-2018
Optimization of the structural and optical properties of Ge-As-Se glasses
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Generation of high energy density by fs-laser-induced confined microexplosion
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-02-2013
Photosensitive post tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.001277
Abstract: We present experimental results on post-tuning the dispersion of a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide made from Ge(33)As(12)Se(55) chalcogenide glass by exploiting the material photosensitivity to near-bandgap light. The change in the refractive index and volume of the material in response to exposure to 633nm light resulted in a shift of more than 5nm in the resonant coupling wavelength between a tapered optical fiber and the modes of a W1 waveguide. This represents a first proof of principle demonstration of the photosensitive post-tuning of a planar photonic crystal device.
Positive magnetisation in carbon nanoclusters produced by high-repetition-rate laser ablation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Abstract: Carbon nanoclusters produced by high-repetition-rate laser ablation of graphite and glassy carbon in Ar exhibits para- and ferromagnetic behaviour at low temperature. The results show that the degree of remanent order is strongly dependent on the magnetic history, i.e. whether the s les were cooled under zero-field or field conditions. Such behaviour is typical for a spin glass structure where the system can exist in many different roughly equivalent spin configurations. The spin-freezing temperature is unusually high (50–300 K) compared with ≤ 15 K for typical spin glasses. The maximum in the zero-field magnetic susceptibility experiments and their field dependence indicate that there is competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange pathways, accounting for the spin glass behavior and/or a low-dimensionality of the system.
Interventions for Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders in Young People: 10 Key Evidence-Based Approaches to Inform Service Delivery
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2020
Surface Roughness in Plasma-Etched $\hbox{As}_{\bf 2}\hbox{S}_{\bf 3}$ Films: Its Origin and Improvement
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2008
Optical injector of particles for X-ray diffractive imaging
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2013
Is (poly-) substance use associated with impaired inhibitory control? A mega-analysis controlling for confounders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2019.07.006
Abstract: Many studies have reported that heavy substance use is associated with impaired response inhibition. Studies typically focused on associations with a single substance, while polysubstance use is common. Further, most studies compared heavy users with light/non-users, though substance use occurs along a continuum. The current mega-analysis accounted for these issues by aggregating in idual data from 43 studies (3610 adult participants) that used the Go/No-Go (GNG) or Stop-signal task (SST) to assess inhibition among mostly "recreational" substance users (i.e., the rate of substance use disorders was low). Main and interaction effects of substance use, demographics, and task-characteristics were entered in a linear mixed model. Contrary to many studies and reviews in the field, we found that only lifetime cannabis use was associated with impaired response inhibition in the SST. An interaction effect was also observed: the relationship between tobacco use and response inhibition (in the SST) differed between cannabis users and non-users, with a negative association between tobacco use and inhibition in the cannabis non-users. In addition, participants' age, education level, and some task characteristics influenced inhibition outcomes. Overall, we found limited support for impaired inhibition among substance users when controlling for demographics and task-characteristics.
Ultrafast laser ablation for restoration of heritage objects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Nano-scale phase separation in As2 S3 film and its effect on scattering loss in plasma etched waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2006
Optical Funnel to Guide and Focus Virus Particles for X-Ray Diffractive Imaging
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-04-2022
Warm dense matter at the bench-top: Fs-laser-induced confined micro-explosion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
<title>Focusing of synchrotron x-ray radiation with cylindrically curved arrays of reflectors</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-11-1994
DOI: 10.1117/12.193148
Manipulating airborne particles: With an optical bottle
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-2012
Patterns of health service use following work‐related injury and illness in Australian truck drivers: A latent class analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-11-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AJIM.23072
Abstract: To identify patterns of health service use (HSU) in truck drivers with work-related injury or illness and to identify demographic and work-related factors associated with patterns of care. All accepted workers' compensation claims from truck drivers lodged between 2004 and 2013 in Victoria were included. Episodes of HSU were categorised according to practitioner type. Latent class analysis was used to identify the distinct profiles of users with different patterns of HSU. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations between latent class and predictors. Four profiles of HSU were identified: (a) Low Service Users (55% of the s le) were more likely to be younger, have an injury that did not result in time off work and have conditions other than a musculoskeletal injury (b) High Service Users (10%) tended to be those aged between 45 and 64 years, living in major cities with musculoskeletal conditions that resulted in time off work (c) Physical Therapy Users (25%) were more likely to be aged between 45 and 64 years, live in major cities and have nontraumatic injuries that resulted in time off work and (d) GP/Mental Health Users (10%) were more likely to be over 24 years of age, from the lowest socioeconomic band, be employed by smaller organizations and be claiming benefits for a mental health condition. This study identified distinct categories of HSU among truck drivers following work-related injury. The results can be used to prioritize occupational health and safety promotion to maintain a healthy truck driver work force.
Recording and reading of three-dimensional optical memory in glasses
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2003
Development of a photophoretic optical guide for femtosecond x-ray diffractive imaging of aerosolized nanoparticles (Conference Presentation)
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2016
Quasi-Bessel hollow beam as optical guide for micro-particles
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 12-09-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2026654
Extreme energy density confined inside a transparent crystal: Status and perspectives of solid-plasma-solid transformations
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-07-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NANO8070555
Abstract: It was demonstrated during the past decade that an ultra-short intense laser pulse tightly-focused deep inside a transparent dielectric generates an energy density in excess of several MJ/cm3. Such an energy concentration with extremely high heating and fast quenching rates leads to unusual solid-plasma-solid transformation paths, overcoming kinetic barriers to the formation of previously unknown high-pressure material phases, which are preserved in the surrounding pristine crystal. These results were obtained with a pulse of a Gaussian shape in space and in time. Recently, it has been shown that the Bessel-shaped pulse could transform a much larger amount of material and allegedly create even higher energy density than what was achieved with the Gaussian beam (GB) pulses. Here, we present a succinct review of previous results and discuss the possible routes for achieving higher energy density employing the Bessel beam (BB) pulses and take advantage of their unique properties.
Synthesis of Materials by Ultrafast Microexplosion
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2011
High-Pressure Silicon Phase Created by High Power Ultrashort Laser Pulse at the Intensity of 1019 W/cm2
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1364/CLEOPR.2020.P1_19
Abstract: Material states formed by high-power laser demonstrate new pathways for engineering polymorphs with novel optoelectronic properties. We present the observation of silicon phases only seen until now in laboratory experiments by ultrashort laser confined microexplosion.
Boron nitride nanostructures formed by ultra-high-repetition rate laser ablation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2003
Insight in substance use disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Levels of Plasma Immunoglobulin G with Specificity against the Cysteine-Rich Interdomain Regions of a SemiconservedPlasmodium falciparumErythrocyte Membrane Protein 1, VAR4, Predict Protection
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.74.5.2867-2875.2006
Abstract: Antibodies to variant surface antigen have been implicated as mediators of malaria immunity in studies measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to infected erythrocytes. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is an important target for these antibodies, but no study has directly linked the presence of PfEMP1 antibodies in children to protection. We measured plasma IgG levels to the cysteine-rich interdomain region 1α (CIDR1α) of VAR4 (VAR4-CIDR1α), a member of a semiconserved PfEMP1 subfamily, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 561 Tanzanian in iduals, who were monitored clinically for 7 months. The participants resided in Mkokola (a high-transmission village where malaria is holoendemic) or Kwamasimba (a moderate-transmission village). For comparison, plasma IgG levels to two merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) constructs, MSP1-19 and MSP1 block 2, and a control CIDR1 domain were measured. VAR4-CIDR1α antibodies were acquired at an earlier age in Mkokola than in Kwamasimba, but after the age of 10 years the levels were comparable in the two villages. After controlling for age and other covariates, the risk of having anemia at enrollment was reduced in VAR4-CIDR1α responders for Mkokola (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.49 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.88 P = 0.016) and Kwamasimba (AOR, 0.33 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.68 P = 0.003) villages. The risk of developing malaria fever was reduced among in iduals with a measurable VAR4-CIDR1α response from Mkokola village (AOR, 0.51 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.89 P = 0.018) but not in Kwamasimba. Antibody levels to the MSP1 constructs and the control CIDR1α domain were not associated with morbidity protection. These data strengthen the concept of developing vaccines based on PfEMP1.
Subpicosecond and picosecond laser ablation of dental enamel: comparative analysis
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.538835
Materials processing with femtosecond vortex pulses
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2011
Formation of diamond-like carbon films and carbon foam by ultrafast laser ablation
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034600182138
Abstract: The ultra-fast ablation of a graphite target using high repetition rate Nd:YAG lasers allows us to deposit two distinctly different carbonaceous structures, depending on the ambient Ar pressure: a diamond-like carbon film with the surface finish down to atomic level at a pressure below 0.1 Torr, and a fractal C nanofoam with air-like density and diamond-like resistivity at higher pressure. The experimental characterization of vapors and carbonaceous materials produced is presented and compared to the theoretical predictions. The analysis of the formation conditions leads to the qualitative understanding of the formation mechanism for both C structures.
Effect of parasite-induced behavioral alterations on juvenile development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2009
What happens to patients with pulmonary aspergilloma? Analysis of 23 cases.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-1983
DOI: 10.1136/THX.38.8.579
Abstract: The problems associated with pulmonary aspergilloma were assessed retrospectively in 23 patients presenting from 1953 to 1982. Haemoptysis occurred in over half the patients and in two it was fatal. Invasive aspergillosis occurred in five patients, a higher proportion than in earlier reports, and two of these died. Amphotericin B in combination with either flucytosine or natamycin and, more recently, ketoconazole have proved useful in the treatment of this condition.
Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Ge33As12Se55 (AMTIR-1) Thin Film Waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2006
Optical Pipeline: Trapping and Guiding of Airborne Particles
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-2010
Three-dimensional write-read-erase memory bits by femtosecond laser pulses in photorefractive LiNbO3 crystals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Formation of nano-voids in transparent dielectrics by femtosecond lasers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Advanced processing methods for As<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf> Waveguide Fabrication
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2006
Evidence of magnetic fields imprinted in ferromagnetic targets by the spontaneous magnetic field of a laser-produced plasma demonstrated by after-pulse pulsations of Kα emission
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-1997
DOI: 10.1063/1.872565
Abstract: The observation of an unusually long sequence of Kα pulses from planar Fe foil targets irradiated by a 180 ps laser pulse at intensities of (0.1–3)×1016 W/cm2 is presented. The duration of the Kα emission was up to 5 ns: approximately 30 times longer than the laser pulse. A proposed interpretation of these observations is that suprathermal electrons generated in the laser-produced plasma survive after the laser pulse and are gradually decelerated as they circulate in the magnetic field imprinted during the laser pulse in the ferromagnetic target material. Short bursts of Kαemission occur as these electrons pass through the target. The magnetic field in the cold part of the ferromagnetic target with temperature below the Curie temperature is an integral imprint of the spontaneous magnetic field generated in the laser-produced plasma. A model of this process provides a good fit to the experimental data. The effect could be useful as a diagnostic tool for measuring the spontaneous magnetic field and the energy of fast electrons. These results also open an opportunity for studies of magnetization processes in a ferromagnetic at an extremely high magnetic field: on the megagauss scale.
Femtosecond Laser Structuring of As2S3 Glass for Erasable and Permanent Optical Memory
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Abstract: The nonlinear absorption coefficient of As 2 S 3 glass has been measured to be 2.0 cm/GW for femtosecond pulses at 800 nm. Femtosecond laser structuring via two photon absorption in bulk As 2 S 3 glass by erasable and permanent photo-darkening is demonstrated using both holographic and direct multi-beam laser writing.
Optical manipulation of particle ensembles in air
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 24-05-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.001934
Structural Characterization of Femtosecond Laser Modified Regions Inside Sapphire
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 04-2011
Abstract: We report on structural characterization of sapphire photomodified by voids of sub-wavelength diameter surrounded by amorphised regions formed after exposure by tightly-focused femtosecond laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength and 150 fs duration at the single and double-pulse irradiation inside crystalline sapphire. Regrowth of a crystalline phase near the edge between the amorphous and crystalline phases was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the case of double-pulse-irradiated locations. Regions patterned by single-pulse-induced voids inside sapphire were characterized by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD patterns indicate presence of an expanded phase of the host crystal. The origin of structural changes observed in TEM and XRD is discussed and is consistent with fast thermal quenching.
A protective layer on As2S3 film for photo-resist patterning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
The impact of legislation on acute synthetic cannabinoid harms resulting in ambulance attendance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Optical guiding of absorbing nanoclusters in air
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 25-03-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.005743
Abstract: We suggest a novel approach in all-optical trapping employing a photophoretic force for manipulation of absorbing particles in open air. We demonstrate experimentally the robust three-dimensional guiding, over the distances of a few millimeters, of agglomerates of carbon nanoparticles with the size spanned from 100 nm to 10 microm, as well as their acceleration up to velocities of 1 cm/sec. We achieve stable positioning and guiding of particles as well as simultaneous trapping of a large number of particles in a dual-beam optical trap created by two counter-propagating and co-rotating optical vortex beams.
Shaping self-imaging bottle beams with modified quasi-Bessel beams
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-04-2014
DOI: 10.1364/OL.39.002278
Self-limited underdense microplasmas in bulk silicon induced by ultrashort laser pulses
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-11-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4901528
Abstract: Two-photon ionization by focused femtosecond laser pulses initiates the development of micrometer-scale plasmas in the bulk of silicon. Using pump-and-probe transmission microscopy with infrared light, we investigate the space-time characteristics of these plasmas for laser intensities up to 1012 W/cm2. The measurements reveal a self-limitation of the excitation at a maximum free-carrier density of ≅1019 cm−3, which is more than one order of magnitude below the threshold for permanent modification. The plasmas remain unchanged in the ∼100 ps timescale revealing slow carrier kinetics. The results underline the limits in local control of silicon dielectric permittivity, which are inherent to the use of single near-infrared ultrashort Gaussian pulses.
Personalized Approach Bias Modification Smartphone App (“SWIPE”) to Reduce Alcohol Use Among People Drinking at Hazardous or Harmful Levels: Protocol for an Open-Label Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 09-06-2020
Abstract: lcohol accounts for 5.1% of the global burden of disease and injury, and approximately 1 in 10 people worldwide develop an alcohol use disorder. Approach bias modification (ABM) is a computerized cognitive training intervention in which patients are trained to “avoid” alcohol-related images and “approach” neutral or positive images. ABM has been shown to reduce alcohol relapse rates when delivered in residential settings (eg, withdrawal management or rehabilitation). However, many people who drink at hazardous or harmful levels do not require residential treatment or choose not to access it (eg, owing to its cost, duration, inconvenience, or concerns about privacy). Smartphone app–delivered ABM could offer a free, convenient intervention to reduce cravings and consumption that is accessible regardless of time and place, and during periods when support is most needed. Importantly, an ABM app could also easily be personalized (eg, allowing participants to select personally relevant images as training stimuli) and gamified (eg, by rewarding participants for the speed and accuracy of responses) to encourage engagement and training completion. e aim to test the feasibility and acceptability of “SWIPE,” a gamified, personalized alcohol ABM smartphone app, assess its preliminary effectiveness, and explore in which populations the app shows the strongest indicators of effectiveness. e aim to recruit 500 people who drink alcohol at hazardous or harmful levels (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score≥8) and who wish to reduce their drinking. Recruitment will be conducted through social media and websites. The participants’ intended alcohol use goal (reduction or abstinence), motivation to change their consumption, and confidence to change their consumption will be measured prior to training. Participants will be instructed to download the SWIPE app and complete at least 2 ABM sessions per week for 4 weeks. Recruitment and completion rates will be used to assess feasibility. Four weeks after downloading SWIPE, participants will be asked to rate SWIPE’s functionality, esthetics, and quality to assess acceptability. Alcohol consumption, craving, and dependence will be measured prior to commencing the first session of ABM and 4 weeks later to assess whether these variables change significantly over the course of ABM. e expect to commence recruitment in August 2020 and complete data collection in March 2021. his will be the first study to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a personalized, gamified ABM intervention smartphone app for hazardous or harmful drinkers. Results will inform further improvements to the app, as well as the design of a statistically powered randomized controlled trial to test its efficacy relative to a control condition. Ultimately, we hope that SWIPE will extend the benefits of ABM to the millions of in iduals who consume alcohol at hazardous levels and wish to reduce their use but cannot or choose not to access treatment. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000638932p www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12620000638932p RR1-10.2196/21278
Toward steering a jet of particles into an x-ray beam with optically induced forces
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-08-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2191442
3D write-read-erase memory bits recording by fs-pulses in LiNbO3
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Ablation of metals with picosecond laser pulses: Evidence of long-lived nonequilibrium conditions at the surface
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-05-2005
Reflectivity oscillations of laser-excited Bi: Imprint of atomic vibrations through electron-phonon coupling
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Long, low loss etched As_2S_3 chalcogenide waveguides for all-optical signal regeneration
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.014414
Abstract: We report on the fabrication and optical properties of etched highly nonlinear As(2)S(3) chalcogenide planar rib waveguides with lengths up to 22.5 cm and optical losses as low as 0.05 dB/cm at 1550 nm - the lowest ever reported. We demonstrate strong spectral broadening of 1.2 ps pulses, in good agreement with simulations, and find that the ratio of nonlinearity and dispersion linearizes the pulse chirp, reducing the spectral oscillations caused by self-phase modulation alone. When combined with a spectrally offset band-pass filter, this gives rise to a nonlinear transfer function suitable for all-optical regeneration of high data rate signals.
Does the effectiveness of mutual aid depend on compatibility with treatment philosophies offered at residential rehabilitation services?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2019.106221
Abstract: Residential rehabilitation treatment (including both Therapeutic Communities (TC) and non-TC rehabs) is a key component of service delivery for people seeking treatment for substance use disorders in Australia and globally. While mutual aid is often associated with better long-term outcomes, there is little evidence about whether inconsistencies between residential rehabilitation philosophies and particular types of mutual aid influence subsequent engagement and treatment outcomes. To assess the uptake of mutual aid groups (12-step and other) on in iduals leaving TC (n = 58) or non-TC (n = 78) residential treatment, and measure its impact on substance use outcomes. Using secondary analysis of existing data, the current paper reports on 12-month outcomes from a prospective cohort study of 230 in iduals entering specialist alcohol and other drug residential rehabilitation treatment in two Australian states. Participants who attended TC settings were more likely to attend non-spiritual mutual aid groups (i.e., SMART Recovery) than non-TC residents. Engaging in mutual aid groups was associated with significantly improved outcomes for the non-TC residents only, where it significantly predicted abstinence (OR = 5.8, CI = 1.5-18.46) and reduced frequency of use of participants' primary drug of concern (OR = 8.6, CI = 2.6-28.6). Although 12-step is the most readily available and accessible form of mutual aid in Australia and benefited those attending non-TC residential rehabilitation, in iduals exiting a TC program (whether they have completed treatment or not) may benefit from other forms of post-treatment recovery support, including alternative forms of peer-based support. The findings suggest treatment outcomes may be enhanced when the philosophies of residential treatment and post-discharge mutual aid are more compatible.
PREHEATING IN THE LASER-DRIVEN COMPRESSION OF THERMONUCLEAR TARGETS
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-1991
Electrostatic mechanism of ablation by femtosecond lasers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2002
Femtosecond laser-induced confined microexplosion: tool for creation high-pressure phases
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-12-2015
DOI: 10.1557/ADV.2015.41
Behaviour Change Strategies Endorsed by Gamblers Subtyped by Psychological Distress, Risky Alcohol Use, and Impulsivity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-10-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-018-9803-X
Abstract: Problem gambling is often accompanied by co-morbid psychiatric disorders and maladaptive personality traits. Subtyping gamblers based on these pervasive comorbidities has been attempted so as to aid understanding of the aetiology of problem gambling and inform treatment options. However, there has been less focus on subtyping gamblers with (past or current) or without a history of problem gambling, or on providing more specific treatment or self-help recommendations. The current study sought to subtype current-, past-, and non-problem gamblers using three common comorbidities psychological distress, risky alcohol use, and impulsivity. Participants' endorsement of helpful behaviour change strategies was also examined by subtype membership. A total of 385 participants were recruited who had a current gambling problem (n = 128 33%), a past gambling problem (n = 131, 34%) or never had a gambling problem (n = 126, 33%). Hierarchical cluster analysis identified distinct subtypes of current (i.e., low comorbidity, high psychological distress, risky alcohol use and high comorbidity), past (i.e., low comorbidity, high psychological distress and high comorbidity) and non-problem gamblers (i.e., low comorbidity, high psychological distress, risky alcohol use and moderate impulsivity). The most helpful change strategies for current and past gamblers were similar across subtypes (i.e., accept that gambling needs to change, remind yourself of the negative consequences). Non-problem gamblers reported the most helpful strategy as setting financial limits. This study indicated that treatment of psychological distress, risky alcohol use or impulsivity may be important for all gamblers regardless of their level of risk.
Expansion-limited nanocluster growth in a plume formed by MHz-pulse-rate laser ablation
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Characteristics of Ge-As-Se chalcogenide glasses and films
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Alcohol supply as a favour for a friend: Scenarios of alcohol supply to younger friends and siblings
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.264
Abstract: Adolescents under the legal purchase age primarily source their alcohol through social networks. This study assessed the provision context from the perspective of both underage recipients and their suppliers who were older peers and siblings. Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted with 590 risky-drinking (50 g alcohol per session, at least monthly) adolescents. Participants of legal purchase age (18- to 19-year-olds n = 269) reported their provision to 16- to 17-year-olds under eight scenarios. Those aged 14-17 (n = 321) reported receipt of alcohol under the same scenarios plus two parental supply contexts. Purchase-age participants reported supply: to an underage friend (67%), an acquaintance (44%) or a sibling (16%) to drink at the same party to a friend (43%) or sibling (20%) to take to another party (20%) and to a stranger near a bottle shop (5%). Supply to a friend at the same party was more likely if money was exchanged (60% vs 40% P < 0.001). Almost all (98%) 14- to 17-year-olds reported receiving alcohol from an adult (including 36% from a parent for consumption away from the parent), with a similar pattern of receipt scenarios as those reported by the 18- to 19-year-olds. Provision of alcohol was more frequent with a friend than a sibling or stranger, in close environmental proximity, and if money was exchanged. SO WHAT?: As supply may be sensitive to monetary considerations, the incidence of underage receipt may be affected by community-wide pricing measures. Traditional alcohol availability regulations should be supplemented by strategies relating to the social nature of supply and demand.
Early adolescent drinking and cannabis use predicts later sleep-quality problems
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1037/ADB0000453
Abstract: A range of biopsychosocial changes occur during adolescence that contribute to changes in the sleep-wake system. Use of alcohol and cannabis also increases during early adolescence however, limited studies have examined the associations between changes in the use of alcohol and cannabis and later sleep problems. Participants (
<title>Ultrafast ablation with high-pulse-rate Nd:YAG lasers: II. Experiments on deposition of diamondlike carbon films</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 14-09-1998
DOI: 10.1117/12.321555
Electronic nicotine devices to aid smoking cessation by alcohol- and drug-dependent clients: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2018
Formation of nanoclusters in expanding laser plume
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X10006983
Abstract: Formation of carbon nanoclusters in a laser-pulse created plume expanding in vacuum and in a noble gas environment at various pressures was studied. Experiments were performed with carbon nanoclusters formed by laser ablation of graphite targets with 12-picosecond 532 nm laser pulses at MHz-range repetition rate in a broad range of ambient He , Ar , Kr , and Xe gas pressures from 2 × 10 -2 Torr to 1500 Torr. The experimental results confirmed our theoretical prediction that the average size of the nanoparticles depends weakly on the type of the ambient gas, and is determined exclusively by the single-laser pulse parameters. The most important finding relates to the fact that in vacuum the cluster size is mainly determined by hydrodynamic expansion of the plume, while in the ambient gas it is controlled by atomic diffusion in the gas.
Monitoring emerging prescription-drug related harms
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14495
Improved Quality of Life Following Addiction Treatment Is Associated with Reductions in Substance Use
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-09-2019
DOI: 10.3390/JCM8091407
Abstract: People seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) ultimately aspire to improve their quality of life (QOL) through reducing or ceasing their substance use, however the association between these treatment outcomes has received scant research attention. In a prospective, multi-site treatment outcome study (‘Patient Pathways’), we recruited 796 clients within one month of intake from 21 publicly funded addiction treatment services in two Australian states, 555 (70%) of whom were followed-up 12 months later. We measured QOL at baseline and follow-up using the WHOQOL-BREF (physical, psychological, social and environmental domains) and determined rates of “SUD treatment success” (past-month abstinence or a statistically reliable reduction in substance use) at follow-up. Mixed effects linear regression analyses indicated that people who achieved SUD treatment success also achieved significantly greater improvements in QOL, relative to treatment non-responders (all four domains p 0.001). Paired t-tests indicated that non-responders significantly improved their social (p = 0.007) and environmental (p = 0.033) QOL however, their psychological (p = 0.088) and physical (p = 0.841) QOL did not significantly improve. The findings indicate that following treatment, QOL improved in at least some domains, but that reduced substance use was associated with both stronger and broader improvements in QOL. Addressing physical and psychological co-morbidities during treatment may facilitate reductions in substance use.
Differential Antibody Responses toPlasmodium falciparumMerozoite Proteins in Malawian Children with Severe Malaria
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1086/527490
Abstract: Cerebral malaria (CM) and severe malarial anemia (SMA) are 2 major causes of death in African children infected with Plasmodium falciparum. We investigated levels of naturally acquired antibody to conserved and variable regions of merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 and MSP-2, apical membrane antigen (AMA)-1, and rhoptry-associated protein 1 in plasma s les from 126 children admitted to the hospital with CM, 59 with SMA, and 84 with uncomplicated malaria (UM) in Malawi. Children with SMA were distinguished by very low levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G to the conserved C-terminus of MSP-1 and MSP-2 and to full-length AMA-1. Conversely, children with CM had significantly higher levels of IgG to the conserved regions of all antigens examined than did children with UM (for MSP-1 and AMA-1, P< .005 for MSP-2, P< .05) or SMA (for MSP-1 and MSP-2, P<.001 for AMA-1, P< .005). These distinct IgG patterns might reflect differences in age, exposure to P. falciparum, and/or genetic factors affecting immune responses.
Ultrafast ablation with high-pulse-repetition-rate lasers. Part I: Theoretical considerations
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 14-09-1998
DOI: 10.1117/12.321554
Scanning the laser beam for ultrafast pulse laser cleaning of paint
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2008
Strong paramagnetism and possible ferromagnetism in pure carbon nanofoam produced by laser ablation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
Laser ablation of carbon at the threshold of plasma formation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1999
One-dimensional focusing of synchrotron x-ray radiation with curved arrays of reflectors
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-1995
DOI: 10.1063/1.1145704
Abstract: We present results of the experimental tests of various arrays of reflectors acting as x-ray optical elements. Planar reflectors were arranged in a vertical stack and aligned with a common center of curvature to create a focusing array with cylindrical curvature. The experiments were carried out using x-ray radiation in the spectral range 3.5–7 keV produced at beam line X-27C of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The focal distribution had a width of 8 mm and a maximum intensity gain of 7.3, as measured with a 0.4 mm diameter pinhole. An x-ray beam splitter consisting of arrays of reflectors has also been designed and tested. The separation of x-ray beams is 40 mrad, and the intensity of each of the two beams is about 0.32 of the original x-ray beam.
Psychoactive drug and medication use among patients referred to a tertiary sleep laboratory population
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Electronic and magnetic properties of carbon nanofoam produced by high-repetition-rate laser ablation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2002
Related Organisations
University Of Hull
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