ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4876-7767
Current Organisation
University of the Sunshine Coast
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Proteins and Peptides | Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Biologically active molecules | Proteomics and Intermolecular Interactions (excl. Medical Proteomics) | Natural products and bioactive compounds | Environmental biotechnology | Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules | Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry | Invertebrate Biology | Biologically Active Molecules | Medical Parasitology | Zoology | Biodiscovery | Analytical Biochemistry |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Natural Hazards in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences | Crop Protection Chemicals | Infectious Diseases
Related Links
Publications
Diagnostic fragmentations of adducts formed between carbanions and carbon disulfide in the gas phase. A joint experimental and theoretical study
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B916477D
Abstract: Selected carbanions react with carbon disulfide in a modified LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer to form adducts, which when collisionally activated, decompose by processes which in some cases identify the structures of the original carbanions. For ex le (i) C(6)H(5)(-) + CS(2)--> C(6)H(5)CS(2)(-)--> C(6)H(5)S(-) + CS, occurs through a 3-membered ring ipso transition state, and (ii) the reaction between C(6)H(5)CH(2)(-) and CS(2) gives an adduct which loses H(2)S, whereas the adduct(s) formed between o-CH(3)C(6)H(5)(-) and CS(2) loses H(2)S and CS. Finally, it is shown that decarboxylation of C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)(-) produces the beta-phenylethyl anion (PhCH(2)CH(2)(-)), and that this thermalized anion reacts with CS(2) to form C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH(2)CS(2)(-) which when energized fragments specifically by the process C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH(2)CS(2)(-)--> C(6)H(5)CH(2)(-)CHC(S)SH --> [(C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]S) (-)SH] --> C(6)H(5)CH(2)CCS(-) + H(2)S. Experimental findings of processes (ii) and (iii) were aided by deuterium labelling studies, and all reaction profiles were studied by theoretical calculations at the UCCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory unless indicated to the contrary.
Mutational analysis of driver genes with tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in gastric cancer
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 17-07-2017
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.3585
Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex disease with heterogeneous genetic mechanisms. Genomic mutational profiling of gastric cancer not only expands our knowledge about cancer progression at a fundamental genetic level, but also could provide guidance on new treatment decisions, currently based on tumor histology. The fact that precise medicine-based treatment is successful in a subset of tumors indicates the need for better identification of clinically related molecular tumor phenotypes, especially with regard to those driver mutations on tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes (ONGs). We surveyed 313 TSGs and 160 ONGs associated with 48 protein coding and 19 miRNA genes with both TSG and ONG roles. Using public cancer mutational profiles, we confirmed the dual roles of CDKN1A and CDKN1B . In addition to the widely recognized alterations, we identified another 82 frequently mutated genes in public gastric cancer cohort. In summary, these driver mutation profiles of in idual GC will form the basis of personalized treatment of gastric cancer, leading to substantial therapeutic improvements.
Combining anaerobic bacterial oncolysis with vaccination that blocks interleukin-10 signaling may achieve better outcomes for late stage cancer management
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-09-2015
Characterisation of two conopressin precursor isoforms in the land snail, Theba pisana
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEPTIDES.2015.12.009
Abstract: Increased understanding of the molecular components involved in mollusc reproduction may assist in understanding the evolutionary adaptations used by animals, including hermaphrodites, to produce offspring. The neuropeptide conopressin, a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin-like peptide family, can modulate various reproductive activities in invertebrates. In this study, we used the hermaphroditic land snail, Theba pisana, to investigate the presence and tissue-specific distribution of a conopressin gene. Our transcriptomic analysis of T. pisana CNS sheath tissue has revealed two conopressin gene transcripts (Tpi-conopressin-1 and Tpi-conopressin-2), each encoding for precursors containing an identical conopressin nonapeptide and a variable neurophysin. T. pisana conopressins share high identity with other land snails and slugs, as well as other mollusc and vertebrate vasopressin/oxytocin, supported by phylogenetic analysis. Conserved residues in the T. pisana neurophysin are important for peptide binding, and we present molecular dynamic models demonstrating the most likely stable structure of the Tpi-conopressin-1 peptide when associated with neurophysin. RT-PCR shows that Tpi-conopressin-1 is additionally expressed in reproductive tissues, including the dart sac, where abundant spatial expression throughout the sac region is found this implies a role in 'love' dart synthesis or dart injection during mating. The presence of a conopressin receptor in the CNS sheath indicates CNS neural excitation. In summary, this study represents a detailed molecular analysis of conopressin in a land snail.
GPCR and IR genes in Schistosoma mansoni miracidia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2016
A Sperm Spawn-Inducing Pheromone in the Silver Lip Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10126-018-9824-6
Abstract: Pheromones are considered to play an important role in broadcast spawning in aquatic animals, facilitating synchronous release of gametes. In oysters, the sperm has been implicated as a carrier for the spawn-inducing pheromone (SIP). In hatchery conditions, male pearl oysters (Pinctata maxima) can be stimulated to spawn through a variety of approaches (e.g. rapid temperature change), while females can only be induced to spawn through exposure to conspecific sperm, thus limiting development of targeted pairing, required for genetic research and management. The capacity for commercial production and improvement of genetic lines of pearl oysters could be greatly improved with access to a SIP. In this study, we prepared and sequenced crude and semi-purified P. maxima sperm extracts that were used in bioassays to localise the female SIP. We report that the P. maxima SIP is proteinaceous and extrinsically associated with the sperm membrane. Bioactivity from pooled RP-HPLC fractions, but not in idual fractions, suggests that the SIP is multi-component. We conclude that crude sperm preparations, as described in this study, can be used as a sperm-free inducer of female P. maxima spawning, which enables for a more efficient approach to genetic breeding.
A pan-cancer study of copy number gain and up-regulation in human oncogenes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.LFS.2018.09.032
Abstract: There has been limited research on CNVs in oncogenes and we conducted a systematic pan-cancer analysis of CNVs and their gene expression changes. The aim of the present study was to provide an insight into the relationships between gene expression and oncogenesis. We collected all the oncogenes from ONGene database and overlapped with CNVs TCGA tumour s les from Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database. We further conducted an integrative analysis of CNV with gene expression using the data from the matched TCGA tumour s les. From our analysis, we found 637 oncogenes associated with CNVs in 5900 tumour s les. There were 204 oncogenes with frequent copy number of gain (CNG). These 204 oncogenes were enriched in cancer-related pathways including the MAPK cascade and Ras GTPases signalling pathways. By using corresponding tumour s les data to perform integrative analyses of CNVs and gene expression changes, we identified 95 oncogenes with consistent CNG occurrence and up-regulation in the tumour s les, which may represent the recurrent driving force for oncogenesis. Surprisingly, eight oncogenes shown concordant CNG and gene up-regulation in at least 250 tumour s les: INTS8 (355), ECT2 (326), LSM1 (310), DDHD2 (298), COPS5 (286), EIF3E (281), TPD52 (258) and ERBB2 (254). As the first report about abundant CNGs on oncogene and concordant change of gene expression, our results may be valuable for the design of CNV-based cancer diagnostic strategy.
The gas phase Smiles rearrangement of anions PhO(CH2)nO− (n = 2–4). A joint theoretical and experimental approach
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C0OB00064G
Abstract: A combination of experimental data [using (18)O labelling fragmentation data together with metastable ion studies in a reverse sector mass spectrometer (from a previous study)] and ab initio reaction coordinate studies at the CCSD(T)/6-31++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory, have provided the following data concerning the formation of PhO(-) in the gas-phase from energized systems PhO(CH(2))(n)O(-) (n = 2-4). All DeltaG values were calculated at 298 K. (1) PhO(CH(2))(2)O(-) effects an ipso Smiles rearrangement (DeltaG(r) = +35 kJ mol(-1) barrier to transition state DeltaG(#) = +40 kJ mol(-1)) equilibrating the two oxygen atoms. The Smiles intermediate reverts to PhO(CH(2))(2)O(-) which then undergoes an S(N)i reaction to form PhO(-) and ethylene oxide (DeltaG(r) = -24 kJ mol(-1) DeltaG(#) = +54 kJ mol(-1)). (2) The formation of PhO(-) from energized PhO(CH(2))(3)O(-) is more complex. Some 85% of the PhO(-) formed originates via a Smiles intermediate (DeltaG(r) = +52 kJ mol(-1) DeltaG(#) = +61 kJ mol(-1)). This species reconverts to PhO(CH(2))(3)O(-) which then fragments to PhO(-) by two competing processes, namely, (a) an S(N)i process yielding PhO(-) and trimethylene oxide (DeltaG(r) = -27 kJ mol(-1) DeltaG(#) = +69 kJ mol(-1)), and (b) a dissociation process giving PhO(-), ethylene and formaldehyde (DeltaG(r) = -65 kJ mol(-1) DeltaG(#) = +69 kJ mol(-1)). The other fifteen percent of PhO(-) is formed prior to formation of the Smiles intermediate, occurring directly by the S(N)i and dissociation processes outlined above. The operation of two fragmentation pathways is supported by the presence of a composite metastable ion peak. (3) Energized PhO(CH(2))(4)O(-) fragments exclusively by an S(N)i process to form PhO(-) and tetrahydrofuran (DeltaG(r) = -101 kJ mol(-1) DeltaG(#) = +53 kJ mol(-1)). The Smiles ipso cyclization (DeltaG(r) = +64 kJ mol(-1) DeltaG(#) = +74 kJ mol(-1)) is not detected in this system.
Surface modification as an effective approach to enhance the microwave absorbing properties of hollow carbon spheres
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 13-10-2016
Comparative study of excretory-secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13071-019-3708-0
Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a harmful neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp., such as Schistosoma mansoni . Schistosoma must transition within a molluscan host to survive. Chemical analyses of schistosome-molluscan interactions indicate that host identification involves chemosensation, including naïve host preference. Proteomic technique advances enable sophisticated comparative analyses between infected and naïve snail host proteins. This study aimed to compare resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata snail-conditioned water (SCW) to identify potential attractants and deterrents. Behavioural bioassays were performed on S. mansoni miracidia to compare the effects of susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve B. glabrata SCW. The F1 resistant and susceptible B. glabrata SCW excretory–secretory proteins (ESPs) were fractionated using SDS-PAGE, identified with LC-MS/MS and compared to naïve snail ESPs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses based on published studies (including experiments, co-expression, text-mining and gene fusion) identified S. mansoni and B. glabrata protein interaction. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015129. A total of 291, 410 and 597 ESPs were detected in the susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve SCW, respectively. Less overlap in ESPs was identified between susceptible and naïve snails than F1 resistant and naïve snails. F1 resistant B. glabrata ESPs were predominately associated with anti-pathogen activity and detoxification, such as leukocyte elastase and peroxiredoxin. Susceptible B. glabrata several proteins correlated with immunity and anti-inflammation, such as glutathione S-transferase and zinc metalloproteinase, and S. mansoni sporocyst presence. PPI analyses found that uncharacterised S. mansoni protein Smp_142140.1 potentially interacts with numerous B. glabrata proteins. This study identified ESPs released by F1 resistant, susceptible and naïve B. glabrata to explain S. mansoni miracidia interplay. Susceptible B. glabrata ESPs shed light on potential S. mansoni miracidia deterrents. Further targeted research on specific ESPs identified in this study could help inhibit B. glabrata and S. mansoni interactions and stop human schistosomiasis.
How Does Energized NCCCCCN Lose Carbon in the Gas Phase? A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-12-2009
DOI: 10.1021/JP909911B
Abstract: Neutral NCCCCCN may be prepared in a collision cell of a VG ZAB 2HF mass spectrometer by charge stripping of (NCCCCCN)(*-), formed in the ion source by the process NCCCCH(OEt)(CN) + HO(-) --> H(2)O + NCCCC(-)(OEt)(CN) --> (NCCCCCN)(*-) + EtO(*). A comparison of the neutralization/reionization ((-)NR(+)) and charge reversal ((-)CR(+)) spectra of (NCCCCCN)(*-) indicate that some neutrals NCCCCCN are energized and rearrange to an isomer which decomposes by loss of carbon. An ab initio study at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level of theory indicates that (i) triplet NCCCCCN is the ground state with a T/S energy gap of -14.9 kcal mol(-1) (ii) the structures of triplet and singlet NCCCCCN need to be described by molecular obital theory, and a simple valence bond approach cannot be used for this system and (iii) there are several possible routes by which an energized neutral may lose carbon, but the major route involves the triplet nitrile to isonitrile rearrangement NCCCCCN --> CNCCCCN --> NCCCCN + C.
A Negative Ion Mass Spectrometry Approach to Identify Cross-Linked Peptides Utilizing Characteristic Disulfide Fragmentations
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-05-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S13361-012-0407-X
Abstract: Chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical tool used to elucidate the topologies of proteins and protein complexes. However, identification of the low abundance cross-linked peptides and modification sites amongst a large quantity of proteolytic fragments remains challenging. In this work, we present a strategy to identify cross-linked peptides by negative ion MS for the first time. This approach is based around the facile cleavages of disulfide bonds in the negative mode, and allows identification of cross-linked products based on their characteristic fragmentations. MS(3) analysis of the cross-linked peptides allows for their sequencing and identification, with residue specific location of cross-linking sites. We demonstrate the applicability of the commercially available cystine based cross-linking reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl) propionate (DSP) and identify cross-linked peptides from ubiquitin. In each instance, the characteristic fragmentation behavior of the cross-linked species is described. The data presented here indicate that this negative ion approach may be a useful tool to characterize the structures of proteins and protein complexes, and provides the basis for the development of high throughput negative ion MS chemical cross-linking strategies.
Precipitation Trends over Time Using Mann-Kendall and Spearman’s rho Tests in Swat River Basin, Pakistan
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/431860
Abstract: Accurately predicting precipitation trends is vital in the economic development of a country. This research investigated precipitation variability across 15 stations in the Swat River basin, Pakistan, over a 51-year study period (1961–2011). Nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s rho (SR) statistical tests were used to detect trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation, and the trend-free prewhitening approach was applied to eliminate serial correlation in the precipitation time series. The results highlighted a mix of positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation. One station in particular, the Saidu Sharif station, showed the maximum number of significant monthly precipitation events, followed by Abazai, Khairabad, and Malakand. On the seasonal time scale, precipitation trends changed from the summer to the autumn season. The Saidu Sharif station revealed the highest positive trend (7.48 mm/year) in annual precipitation. In the entire Swat River basin, statistically insignificant trends were found in the subbasins for the annual precipitation series however, the Lower Swat subbasin showed the maximum quantitative increase in the precipitation at a rate of 2.18 mm/year. The performance of the MK and SR tests was consistent at the verified significance level.
Study of the Isomers of Isoelectronic C-4, (C3B)(-), and (C3N)(+): Rearrangements through Cyclic Isomers
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-10-2009
DOI: 10.1021/JP907484Z
Abstract: Optimized structures of the isoelectronic cumulenes (CCCB)(-), CCCC, and (CCCN)(+) and of their isomers formed by rearrangement have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+ G(3df) level of theory with relative energies and electronic states determined at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The ground states of CCCC and (CCCN)(+) are triplets, whereas the ground state of (CCCB)(-) is a quasi-linear singlet structure that is only 0.6 kcal mol(-1) more negative in energy than the linear triplet. When energized, both triplet and singlet CCCC cyclize to planar rhomboids, of which the singlet is the lowest-energy configuration. Ring-opening of rhomboid C(4) reforms CCCC with the carbons partially randomized. Similar rearrangements occur for (CCCB)(-) and (CCCN)(+), but the reactions are different in the detail. In the case of (CCCN)(+), rearrangement of atoms is supported both experimentally and theoretically. Because (CCCB)(-) and (CCCN)(+) are not symmetrical, two fully cyclized forms are possible the one more resembling a rhomboid structure is called a "kite" structure, and the other is called a "fan" structure. The rearrangement of (CCCB)(-) is more favored via the triplet with equilibrating kite and fan structures being formed, whereas the singlet (CCCN)(+) ring closes to give the singlet kite structure, which may ring open to give a mixture of (CCCN)(+) and (CCNC)(+). Intersystem crossing may occur for the triplet and singlet forms of CCCC and (CCCB)(-) but not for (CCCN)(+).
REGene: a literature-based knowledgebase of animal regeneration that bridge tissue regeneration and cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP23167
Abstract: Regeneration is a common phenomenon across multiple animal phyla. Regeneration-related genes (REGs) are critical for fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. Identification of REGs and elucidating their functions may help to further develop effective treatment strategies in regenerative medicine. So far, REGs have been largely identified by small-scale experimental studies and a comprehensive characterization of the erse biological processes regulated by REGs is lacking. Therefore, there is an ever-growing need to integrate REGs at the genomics, epigenetics and transcriptome level to provide a reference list of REGs for regeneration and regenerative medicine research. Towards achieving this, we developed the first literature-based database called REGene (REgeneration Gene database). In the current release, REGene contains 948 human (929 protein-coding and 19 non-coding genes) and 8445 homologous genes curated from gene ontology and extensive literature examination. Additionally, the REGene database provides detailed annotations for each REG, including: gene expression, methylation sites, upstream transcription factors and protein-protein interactions. An analysis of the collected REGs reveals strong links to a variety of cancers in terms of genetic mutation, protein domains and cellular pathways. We have prepared a web interface to share these regeneration genes, supported by refined browsing and searching functions at REGene.bioinfo-minzhao.org/ .
Greenlip Abalone (Haliotis laevigata) Genome and Protein Analysis Provides Insights into Maturation and Spawning.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2019
Abstract: Wild abalone (Family Haliotidae) populations have been severely affected by commercial fishing, poaching, anthropogenic pollution, environment and climate changes. These issues have stimulated an increase in aquaculture production however production growth has been slow due to a lack of genetic knowledge and resources. We have sequenced a draft genome for the commercially important temperate Australian ‘greenlip’ abalone (Haliotis laevigata, Donovan 1808) and generated 11 tissue transcriptomes from a female adult abalone. Phylogenetic analysis of the greenlip abalone with reference to the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) indicates that these abalone species erged approximately 71 million years ago. This study presents an in-depth analysis into the features of reproductive dysfunction, where we provide the putative biochemical messenger components (neuropeptides) that may regulate reproduction including gonad maturation and spawning. Indeed, we isolate the egg-laying hormone neuropeptide and under trial conditions induce spawning at 80% efficiency. Altogether, we provide a solid platform for further studies aimed at stimulating advances in abalone aquaculture production. The H. laevigata genome and resources are made available to the public on the abalone ‘omics website, abalonedb.org.
Multi-tissue transcriptomics for construction of a comprehensive gene resource for the terrestrial snail Theba pisana
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP20685
Abstract: The land snail Theba pisana is native to the Mediterranean region but has become one of the most abundant invasive species worldwide. Here, we present three transcriptomes of this agriculture pest derived from three tissues: the central nervous system, hepatopancreas (digestive gland), and foot muscle. Sequencing of the three tissues produced 339,479,092 high quality reads and a global de novo assembly generated a total of 250,848 unique transcripts (unigenes). BLAST analysis mapped 52,590 unigenes to NCBI non-redundant protein databases and further functional analysis annotated 21,849 unigenes with gene ontology. We report that T. pisana transcripts have representatives in all functional classes and a comparison of differentially expressed transcripts amongst all three tissues demonstrates enormous differences in their potential metabolic activities. The genes differentially expressed include those with sequence similarity to those genes associated with multiple bacterial diseases and neurological diseases. To provide a valuable resource that will assist functional genomics study, we have implemented a user-friendly web interface, ThebaDB ( thebadb.bioinfo-minzhao.org/ ). This online database allows for complex text queries, sequence searches, and data browsing by enriched functional terms and KEGG mapping.
Manipulating IL-10 signalling blockade for better immunotherapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CELLIMM.2014.12.012
Abstract: Interleukin 10 is a cytokine with the ability to reduce or terminate inflammation. Chronic viral infection, such as infection of chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV, has increased levels of interleukin 10 in peripheral blood. Serum IL-10 levels are also high in certain cancers. Blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunisation clears chronic viral infection and prevents tumour growth in animal models. We review recent advances in this area, with the emphasis on potential use of this novel strategy to treat chronic viral infection and cancer in human.
Differential peptide expression in the central nervous system of the land snail Theba pisana, between active and aestivated
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEPTIDES.2015.08.012
Abstract: Hypometabolism is a physiological state of dormancy entered by many animals in times of environmental stress. There are gaps in our understanding of the molecular components used by animals to achieve this metabolic state. The availability of genomic and transcriptome data can be useful to study the process of hypometabolism at the molecular level. In this study, we use the land snail Theba pisana to identify peptides that may be involved in the hypometabolic state known as aestivation. We found a total of 22 neuropeptides in the central nervous system (CNS) that were differentially produced during activity and aestivation based on mass spectral-based neuropeptidome analysis. Of these, 4 were upregulated in active animals and 18 were upregulated in aestivation. A neuropeptide known to regulate muscle contractions in a variety of molluscs, the small cardioactive peptide A (sCAPA), and a peptide of yet unknown function (termed Aestivation Associated Peptide 12) were chosen for further investigation using temporal and spatial expression analysis of the precursor gene and peptide. Both peptides share expression within regions of the CNS cerebral ganglia and suboesophageal ganglia. Relative transcript abundance suggests that regulation of peptide synthesis and secretion is post-transcriptional. In summary, we provide new insights into the molecular basis of the regulation of aestivation in land snails through CNS peptide control.
Reproductive neuropeptides that stimulate spawning in the Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEPTIDES.2016.06.007
Abstract: The Sydney Rock Oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, is a socioeconomically important species in Australia, yet little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates its reproduction. To address this gap, we have performed a combination of high throughput transcriptomic and peptidomic analysis, to identify genes and neuropeptides that are expressed in the key regulatory tissues of S. glomerata the visceral ganglia and gonads. Neuropeptides are known to encompass a erse class of peptide messengers that play functional roles in many aspects of an animal's life, including reproduction. Approximately 28 neuropeptide genes were identified, primarily within the visceral ganglia transcriptome, that encode precursor proteins containing numerous neuropeptides some were confirmed through mass spectral peptidomics analysis of the visceral ganglia. Of those, 28 bioactive neuropeptides were synthesized, and then tested for their capacity to induce gonad development and spawning in S. glomerata. Egg laying hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, APGWamide, buccalin, CCAP and LFRFamide were neuropeptides found to trigger spawning in ripe animals. Additional testing of APGWa and buccalin demonstrated their capacity to advance conditioning and gonadal maturation. In summary, our analysis of S. glomerata has identified neuropeptides that can influence the reproductive cycle of this species, specifically by accelerating gonadal maturation and triggering spawning. Other molluscan neuropeptides identified in this study will enable further research into understanding the neuroendocrinology of oysters, which may benefit their cultivation.
Study of combustion intermediates in fuel‐rich methyl methacrylate flame with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-12-2008
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.3838
Abstract: A fuel-rich premixed laminar methyl methacrylate (MMA)/O(2)/Ar flame at low pressure (30 Torr) with the equivalence ratio (phi) of 1.60 is studied in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization combined with molecular beam mass spectrometry is employed to identify the combustion intermediates including isomeric intermediates. The observed combustion intermediates can be classified as four types: radicals, non-cyclic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Benzene is the unique aromatic hydrocarbon detected in this work, and several oxygenates with two oxygen atoms are identified. Mole fraction profiles of most intermediates are evaluated, which can help understand the MMA combustion mechanism under fuel-rich conditions. The similarities among rich flames of MMA and other oxygenated fuels, as well as the characteristics of rich MMA flame, are also discussed. The results show that combustion of MMA not only reduces soot emissions, but also has low concentrations of some potential toxic by-products.
Genital warts treatment: Beyond imiquimod
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-04-2018
Identification of neuropeptides in the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGCEN.2019.113229
Abstract: Neuropeptides play important roles in the regulation of physiological processes such as growth, metabolism and reproduction. In sea cucumbers (Phylum Echinodermata), numerous neuropeptides have been identified and some are attributed to reproductive processes. In this study, our goal was to gain a better understanding of the neuropeptide repertoire for the black sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota, a species that has been severely overfished from the wild due to human consumption. We applied in silico transcriptome analysis of the adult H. leucospilota radial nerve cord, gonad and body wall to elucidate 35 neuropeptides that are conserved throughout the Bilateria. Then, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of radial nerve cord was employed and showed an additional 8 putative novel neuropeptide precursors, whose predicative cleaved peptides do not share sequence similarity with any reported neuropeptides. These data provide an important basis for experimental approaches to manipulate H. leucospilota broodstock reproduction and growth in culture, which will hopefully re-establish population numbers.
Fragmentations of [M − H]− anions of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate. Does the sulfate group rearrange? A joint experimental and theoretical study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2013
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.6547
Abstract: To investigate the fragmentations in the negative-ion electrospray mass spectra of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate. Possible fragmentation mechanisms were explored using a Waters QTOF2 tandem mass spectrometer in concert with calculations at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory. The major negative ion formed in the ESI-MS of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate is [(M-H)-SO3](-) and this process normally yields the base peak of the spectrum. The basic backbone cleavages of [(M-H)-SO3](-) allowed the sequence of the peptide to be determined. Rearrangement reactions involving the formation of HOSO3(-) and [(M-H)-H2SO4](-) yielded minor peaks with relative abundances ≤ 10% and ≤ 2%, respectively. The mass spectra of the [M-H](-) and [(M-H)-SO3](-) anions of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate allowed the position of the tyrosine sulfate group to be determined, together with the amino acid sequence of the peptide.
Gas‐phase intramolecular anion rearrangements of some trimethylsilyl‐containing systems revisited. A theoretical approach
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4363
Abstract: Ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory have been carried out for three prototypical rearrangement processes of organosilicon anion systems. The first two are reactions of enolate ions which involve oxygen-silicon bond formation via three- and four-membered states, respectively. The overall reactions are: CH(2) = C(O(-))Si(CH(3))(3) --> (CH(3))(3)SiO(-) + CH(2)C, and (CH(3))(3)SiCH = CHO(-) --> (CH(3))(3)SiO(-) + C(2)H(2). The DeltaG (reaction) values for the two processes are +175 and +51 kJ mol(-1), with maximum barriers (to the highest transition state) of +55 and +159 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The third studied process is the following: (CH(3)O)C(=CH(2))Si(CH(3))(2)CH(2)(-) --> (CH(3))(2)(C(2)H(5))Si(-) + CH(2)CO, a process involving an S(N)i reaction between -CH(2)(-) and CH(3)O- followed by silicon-carbon bond cleavage. The reaction is favourable [DeltaG(reaction) = -39 kJ mol(-1)] with the barrier for the S(N)i process being 175 kJ mol(-1). The previous experimental and the current theoretical data are complementary and in agreement.
Correction to: Comparative study of excretory–secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-11-2022
Negative ion fragmentations of deprotonated peptides containing post-translational modifications: diphosphorylated systems containing Ser, Thr and Tyr. A characteristic phosphate/phosphate cyclisation. A joint experimental and theoretical study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4081
Abstract: [M-H](-) anions from small diphosphopeptides (phosphate groups on Ser, Thr or Tyr) show characteristic peaks corresponding to m/z 177 (H(3)P(2)O(7) (-)), 159 (HP(2)O(6) (-)) and sometimes [(M-H)(-)-H(4)P(2)O(7)](-). M/z 177 and m/z 159 are major peaks in the spectra of small peptides with 1,2, 1,3, 1,4, 1,5 and 1,6 diphosphate substitution, which means that the decomposing [M-H](-) anions must have flexible structures in order for the two phosphate groups to interact with each other. Peptides where the two phosphate groups are more than six amino acid residues apart have not been studied. Theoretical calculations indicate that m/z 177 is formed in a strongly exothermic reaction involving facile nucleophilic interaction between the two phosphate groups: m/z 159 is formed by loss of water from energised m/z 177.
Diagnostic di‐ and triphosphate cyclisation in the negative ion electrospray mass spectra of phosphoSer peptides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2011
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.5171
Abstract: It has been shown previously that [M-H](-) anions of small peptides containing two phosphate residues undergo cyclisation of the phosphate groups, following collision-induced dissociation (CID), to form a characteristic singly charged anion A (H3P2O7(-), m/z 177). In the present study it is shown that the precursor anions derived from the diphosphopeptides of caerin 1.1 [GLLSVLGSVAKHVLPHVVPVIAEHL(NH2)] and frenatin 3 [GLMSVLGHAVGNVLGGLFKPKS(OH)] also form the characteristic product anion A (m/z 177). Both of the precursor peptides show random structures in water, but partial helices in membrane-mimicking solvents [e.g. in d3-trifluoroethanol/water (1:1)]. In both cases the diphosphopeptide precursor anions must have flexible conformations in order to allow approach of the phosphate groups with consequent formation of A: for ex le, the two pSer groups of 4,22-diphosphofrenatin 3 are seventeen residues apart. Finally, CID tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) data from the [M-H](-) anion of the model triphosphoSer-containing peptide GpSGLGpSGLGpSGL(OH) show the presence of both product anions A (m/z 177) and D (m/z 257, H4P3O10(-)). Ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31+G(d)//AM1 level of theory suggest that cyclisation of the three phosphate groups occurs by a stepwise cascade mechanism in an energetically favourable reaction (ΔG = -245 kJ mol(-1)) with a maximum barrier of +123 kJ mol(-1).
The protein and volatile components of trail mucus in the Common Garden Snail, Cornu aspersum
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-05-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251565
Abstract: The Common or Brown Garden Snail, Cornu aspersum , is an invasive land snail that has successfully colonized a erse range of global environments. Like other invasive land snails, it is a significant pest of a variety of agricultural crops, including citrus, grapes and canola. Cornu aspersum secretes a mucus trail when mobile that facilitates locomotion. The involvement of the trail in conspecific chemical communication has also been postulated. Our study found that anterior tentacle contact with conspecific mucus elicited a significant increase in heart rate from 46.9 to 51 beats per minute. In order to gain a better understanding of the constituents of the trail mucus and the role it may play in snail communication, the protein and volatile components of mucus trails were investigated. Using two different protein extraction methods, mass spectrometry analysis yielded 175 different proteins, 29 of which had no significant similarity to any entries in the non-redundant protein sequence database. Of the mucus proteins, 22 contain features consistent with secreted proteins, including a perlucin-like protein. The eight most abundant volatiles detected using gas chromatography were recorded (including propanoic acid and limonene) and their potential role as putative pheromones are discussed. In summary, this study has provided an avenue for further research pertaining to the role of trail mucus in snail communication and provides a useful repository for land snail trail mucus components. This may be utilized for further research regarding snail attraction and dispersal, which may be applied in the fields of agriculture, ecology and human health.
Going Beyond Host Defence Peptides: Horizons of Chemically Engineered Peptides for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2023
Genes and associated peptides involved with aestivation in a land snail
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGCEN.2015.10.013
Abstract: Some animals can undergo a remarkable transition from active normal life to a dormant state called aestivation entry into this hypometabolic state ensures that life continues even during long periods of environmental hardship. In this study, we aimed to identify those central nervous system (CNS) peptides that may regulate metabolic suppression leading to aestivation in land snails. Mass spectral-based neuropeptidome analysis of the CNS comparing active and aestivating states, revealed 19 differentially produced peptides 2 were upregulated in active animals and 17 were upregulated in aestivated animals. Of those, the buccalin neuropeptide was further investigated since there is existing evidence in molluscs that buccalin modulates physiology by muscle contraction. The Theba pisana CNS contains two buccalin transcripts that encode precursor proteins that are capable of releasing numerous buccalin peptides. Of these, Tpi-buccalin-2 is most highly expressed within our CNS transcriptome derived from multiple metabolic states. No significant difference was observed at the level of gene expression levels for Tpi-buccalin-2 between active and aestivated animals, suggesting that regulation may reside at the level of post-translational control of peptide abundance. Spatial gene and peptide expression analysis of aestivated snail CNS demonstrated that buccalin-2 has widespread distribution within regions that control several physiological roles. In conclusion, we provide the first detailed molecular analysis of the peptides and associated genes that are related to hypometabolism in a gastropod snail known to undergo extended periods of aestivation.
Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Caerin 1.9 Peptide in Sprague Dawley Rats
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-08-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9869293
Abstract: Caerin 1.9 is a natural peptide derived from the skin secretions of the Australian tree frog (Litoria) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer bioactivity. It improves the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy when injected intratumorally and inhibits TC-1 tumor growth when applied topically through intact skin in a TC-1 murine tumor model. This paper investigated the pharmaceutical kinetic profile, the tissue distribution, and the acute safety investigation of Caerin 1.9 peptide in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that subcutaneous injection of Caerin 1.9 at 100 mg/kg is safe and does not cause mortality or organ malfunction in the recipient rats. For the consecutive injection of F3 at 10 mg/kg, the peak concentration (Cmax) of F3 displayed at 1 hr after injection in male rats was 591 ng/mL, the average drug retention time was 0.807 hr, T1/2 was 4.58 hr, and AUC0-last was 1890 h × ng/mL. In female rats, Cmax was 256 ng/mL, with an average drug retention time of 2.96 hr, T1/2 of 1.33 hr, and AUC0-last of 740 h × ng/mL. The results showed that the concentration of Caerin 1.9 in the peripheral blood peaked at 1 hour. As injected concentration increased, T1/2 extended, and Cmax, AUC0-last, and volume of distribution at a steady state all increased. After 14 days of repeated subcutaneous injection at 10.0 mg/kg, no accumulation of Caerin 1.9 in plasma was observed. The results of tissue distribution showed that the Caerin 1.9 is below the LC-MS/MS detection threshold at a minimum concentration of 40 ng/g. In conclusion, Caerin 1.9 is well tolerated in rats and could be used with current immunotherapies for better management of solid tumors and genital warts.
Neuropeptides encoded by the genomes of the akoya pearl oyster pinctata fucata and pacific oyster crassostrea gigas: A bioinformatic and peptidomic survey
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-10-2014
Studies of cyclization reactions of linear cumulenes and heterocumulenes using the neutralization–reionization procedure and/or ab initio calculations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2011
DOI: 10.1002/MAS.20328
Abstract: A number of linear cumulenes and heterocumulenes have been made by charge stripping of anions of known bond connectivity in the source of a mass spectrometer. Some of these reactive molecules have been identified in interstellar molecular clouds. The structures of these neutrals may be investigated by reionization to a decomposing positive ion [the neutralization-reionization technique ((-)NR(+))], and/or by ab initio calculations. Energized linear cumulenes and heterocumulenes may undergo cyclization to form stable cyclic isomers. To cite a selection of the ex les described in this review: (i) four-atom systems CCCC and some heterocumulenes CCCX (X=B, N, Al, Si, P) involve the formation of stable four-membered ring rhombic (also called kite and fan) structures. One of the cyclic molecules, cyclo-C(3) Si, has been detected in interstellar molecular clouds, (ii) five-atom cumulene and heterocumulene systems are more complex. Linear CCCCC rearranges the carbon skeleton by forming a C substituted rhomboid system, CCCCO forms a three-membered cyclic isomer, while nitrogen containing five-atom cumulenes effect nitrile to isonitrile interconversion via three-centered cyclized intermediates, and (iii) CCCCCC and CCCCBO cyclize to give unique six-membered ring systems.
Radical formation of amino acid precursors in interstellar regions? Ser, Cys and Asp
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C0OB00232A
Abstract: It is proposed that the glycine precursor NH(2)CH(2)CN may be synthesised in interstellar dust clouds by the radical combination reactions NH(2)˙ + ˙CH(2)CN → NH(2)CH(2)CN (ΔG = -302 kJ mol(-1)) and/or NH(2)CH(2)˙ + ˙CN → NH(2)CH(2)CN (ΔG = -414 kJ mol(-1)). All calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory. This paper extends that concept to radical/radical coupling reactions to form Ser, Cys and Asp precursor nitriles. The hydrogen abstraction process NH(2)CH(2)CN + HO˙→ NH(2)˙CHCN + H(2)O (ΔG = -130 kJ mol(-1)) is suggested to precede the radical coupling reactions NH(2)˙CHCN + R˙→ NH(2)CHRCN (R˙ = ˙CH(2)OH, ˙CH(2)SH and ˙CH(2)CN) to form nitrile precursors of the amino acids Ser, Cys and Asp. These three reactions are all favourable (ΔG = -240, -227 and -223 kJ mol(-1)). The radical species ˙CH(2)NH(2), ˙CH(2)OH, ˙CH(2)SH and ˙CH(2)CN are shown to be stable for the microsecond timeframe by a combination of theoretical calculations and the experimental mass spectrometric neutralization/reionization procedure.
Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate based mixture with fullerenes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2007
An unusual kynurenine‐containing opioid tetrapeptide from the skin gland secretion of the Australian red tree frog Litoria rubella. Sequence determination by electrospray mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2011
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.5041
Abstract: The Kyn-containing peptide FP-Kyn-L(NH(2)) is an unusual minor component of the skin peptide profile of the Australian red tree frog Litoria rubella collected from an area within a 20 kilometre radius of Alice Springs in central Australia. The structure was determined by electrospray mass spectrometry and synthesis. The major component of the skin secretion is the analogous tryptophyllin peptide FPWL(NH(2)). Both peptides show opioid activity at 10(-7) M, and are likely to act via the μ opioid receptor.
A theoretical study of the rearrangement processes of energized CCCB and CCCAl
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1039/B906345E
Abstract: The rearrangement reactions of energized CCCB and CCCAl have been studied by means of quantum mechanical electronic structure calculations. Potential barriers were determined at UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ with optimized molecular geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies determined at the UB3LYP/6-311 + G(3df) level. Two planar fully cyclized isomers are key intermediates in both systems. One of these is the "rhombic" structure, (analogous to rhombic C4) which is called the "kite" isomer. The other fully cyclized structure is called the "fan" structure. The quartets of CCCB and CCBC are the ground states of these structures [by 49.8 and 7.9 kJ mol(-1) (E values), respectively], whereas the ground state of kite C3B is the doublet (by 131.8 kJ mol(-1)). The rearrangement of doublet CCCB is more energetically favourable than that of the quartet, with a maximum barrier of +68.6 kJ mol(-1) together with the formation of fan C3B (-60.7 kJ mol(-1)), and then CCBC (+40.6 kJ mol(-1)). Quartet CCCB rearranges through fan C3B (+31.4 kJ mol(-1)) to give CCBC (+82.8 kJ mol(-1)) over a maximum barrier of +184.9 kJ mol(-1). The C3Al system is different from C3B in a number of ways. Doublet CCCAl is the ground state (by 116.3 kJ mol(-1)) and rearrangement to fan C3Al requires only 21.8 kJ mol(-1) of excess energy. Fan C3Al (+18.8 kJ mol(-1)) then converts to the kite isomer (-12.1 kJ mol(-1)) over a barrier of 50.2 kJ mol(-1). Conversion to CCAlC is energetically unfavourable requiring some 371 kJ mol(-1) of excess energy [at the UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//UB3LYP/6-311 + G(3df) level of theory]. Rearrangement of quartet CCCAl is more complex, but again, the cyclic kite and fan forms are in equilibrium and ring opening to CCAIC is unfavourable.
Caerin 1 Peptides, the Potential Jack-of-All-Trades for the Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infection Treatment and Cancer Immunotherapy
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 11-04-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7841219
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance-related bacterial infections and cancers become huge challenges in human health in the 21st century. A number of naturally derived antimicrobial peptides possess multiple functions in host defense, including anti-infective and anticancer activities. One of which is known as the caerin 1 family peptides. The microbicidal properties of these peptides have been long discussed. The recent studies also established the usage of two members in this family, caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, in antimultiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria species. It is increasingly evident that caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9 also contain additional activities in the suppression of tumor. In this review, we briefly outline the therapeutic potentials and possible mechanism of action of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 in the treatment of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection and cancer immunotherapy.
Pain-Induced Pulsograph Changes in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Pilot Study
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/385136
Abstract: Objectives . To investigate changes in pulsograph caused by pain in primary dysmenorrhea (PD) patients. Methods . Pulsograph and pain level of PD patients were detected using electropulsograph and Visual-Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, at four time points, 7–10 days before menstruation ( T 0 ) , maximal pain during menstruation ( T 1 ) , immediately after acupuncture analgesia ( T 2 ) , and 30 mins after acupuncture analgesia ( T 3 ) . Parameters ( t , h , w ) and normalized time parameters ( t ′) of pulsograph were analyzed. Results . VAS pain scores decreased from 6.40 ± 1.13 at T 1 to 0.70 ± 0.75 at T 2 to 0.11 ± 0.32 at T 3 ( P 0.001 and 0.001). At T 1 , compared with those at T 0 , w 1 , h 3 , and h 4 significantly increased ( P 0.01 ), and t 2, t 2′, t 3′, and h (d) significantly decreased ( P 0.01 , 0.001, 0.05, and 0.001). At T 2 , compared with those at T 1 , t 1 , w 1 , w 2 , h 2 , h 3 , t 1′, and t 4′ significantly decreased ( P 0.05 , 0.01, 0.01, 0.001, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.05), and h (d) significantly increased ( P 0.001 ). There was no difference between T 2 and T 3 . Conclusions . There are almost opposite changing trends in pulsographic parameters when pain occurs and when it is relieved in PD patients.
Identification of Putative Neuropeptides That Alter the Behaviour of Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-09-2022
Abstract: Elucidating the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni, one of the main etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, requires an improved understanding of the behavioural mechanisms of cercariae, the non-feeding mammalian infective stage. This study investigated the presence and effect of cercariae-derived putative neuropeptides on cercarial behaviour when applied externally. Cercariae were peptidomically analysed and 11 neuropeptide precursor proteins, all of which were specific to the Schistosoma genus and most of which highly expressed in the cercarial stage, were identified in cercariae for the first time. Protein–protein interaction analysis predicted the interaction of various neuropeptide precursors (e.g., Sm-npp-30, Sm-npp-33, Sm-npp-35) with cercarial structural proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chain and titin). In total, nine putative neuropeptides, selected based on their high hydrophobicity and small size (~1 kilodalton), were tested on cercariae (3 mg/mL) in acute exposure (1 min) and prolonged exposure (360 min) behavioural bioassays. The peptides AAYMDLPW-NH2, NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2, FLLALPSP-OH, and NYLWDTRL-NH2 stimulated acute increases in cercarial spinning, stopping, and directional change during active states. However, only NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2 caused the same behavioural changes at a lower concentration (0.1 mg/mL). After prolonged exposure, AAYMDLPW-NH2 and NYLWDTRL-NH2 caused increasing passive behaviour and NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2 caused increasing body-first and head-pulling movements. These findings characterise behaviour-altering novel putative neuropeptides, which may inform future biocontrol innovations to prevent human schistosomiasis.
Mg alloy surface immobilised with caerin peptides acquires enhanced antibacterial ability and improved corrosion resistance
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 14-10-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-92270/V1
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) has mechanical properties similar to human bones and Mg alloy is considered ideal medical implant material. However, the high velocity of degradation inside the human inner environment severely h ers the usage of Mg alloys. In this study, caerin peptide 1.9 (F3) and a modified sequence of caerin 1.1 (F1) with anti-bacterial activity, were covalently immobilised on the surface of Mg alloys by plasma chemical click reaction. The in vitro antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance of these caerin peptide-immobilised Mg alloys were investigated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) solution. Un-immobilised Mg alloy s le, blank drug-sensitive tablet (BASD) and a commonly used antibiotics Tazocin were used for comparison. Results showed that peptide immobilised Mg s les showed significant improved corrosion resistance and prolonged antibacterial effect compared to non-immobilised Mg alloy and free caerin peptides. Furthermore, annealing or extruding treatment of Mg alloys improved the behaviours of corrosion resistance and antibacterial property. These results indicate that coating Mg alloy with caerin peptides improves the corrosion resistance in vitro and increases the alloy’s antibacterial ability. The mechanism underlying the prolonged antibacterial effect for annealed Mg alloys immobilised with the peptides (especially F3) remains unclear, which worth further experimental and theoretical investigation.
Negative ion fragmentations of deprotonated peptides. The unusual case of isoAsp: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Comparison with positive ion cleavages
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4107
Abstract: The following peptides have been examined in this study: GLDFG(OH), caeridin 1.1 [GLLDGLLGLGGL(NH(2))], 11 Ala citropin 1.1 [GLFDVIKKVAAVIGGL(NH(2))], Crinia angiotensin [APGDRIYVHPF(OH)] and their isoAsp isomers. It is not possible to differentiate between Asp- and isoAsp-containing peptides (used in this study) using negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. This is because the isoAsp residue cleaves to give the same fragment anions as those formed by delta and gamma backbone cleavage of Asp. The isoAsp fragmentations are as follows: RNHCH(CO(2)H)(-)CHCONHR' --> [RNH(-)(HO(2)CCH=CHCONHR')] --> RNH(-)+HO(2)CCH=CHCONHR' and RNHCH(CO(2)H)(-)CHCONHR' --> [RNH(-)(HO(2)CCH=CHCONHR'] --> (-)O(2)CCH=CHCONHR'+RNH(2). Calculations at the HF/6-31+G(d)//AM1 level of theory indicate that the first of these isoAsp cleavage processes is endothermic (by +115 kJ mol(-1)), while the second is exothermic (-85 kJ mol(-1)). The barrier to the highest transition state is 42 kJ mol(-1). No diagnostic cleavage cations were observed in the electrospray mass spectra of the MH(+) ion of the Asp- and isoAsp-containing peptides (used in this study) to allow differentiation between these two amino acid residues.
Promoting effects of polyacrylamide on ignition and combustion of Al/H2O based fuels: Experimental studies of polyacrylamide aqueous solution flash pyrolysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Are the anions MeO(CO) (n = 1 and 2) methoxide anion donors in the gas phase? A theoretical investigation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-06-2010
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4586
Abstract: 1. The anions CH(3)O-(-)CO and CH(3)OCO-(-)CO are both methoxide anion donors. The processes CH(3)O-(-)CO --> CH(3)O(-) + CO and CH(3)OCO-CO --> CH(3)O(-) + 2CO have DeltaG values of +8 and -68 kJ mol(-1), respectively, at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d, 2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. 2. The reactions CH(3)OCOCO(2) (-) --> CH(3)OCO(2) (-) + CO (DeltaG = -22 kJ mol(-1)) and CH(3)COCH(O(-))CO(2)CH(3) --> CH(3)COCH(O(-))OCH(3) + CO (DeltaG = +19 kJ mol(-1)) proceed directly from the precursor anions via the transition states (CH(3)OCO...CO(2))(-) and (CH(3)COCHO...CH(3)OCO)(-), respectively. 3. Anion CH(3)COCH(O(-))CO(2)CH(3) undergoes methoxide anion transfer and loss of two molecules of CO in the reaction sequence CH(3)COCH(O(-))CO(2)CH(3) --> CH(3)CH(O(-))COCO(2)CH(3) --> [CH(3)CHO (CH(3)OCO-(-)CO)] --> CH(3)CH(O(-))OCH(3) + 2CO (DeltaG = +9 kJ mol(-1)). The hydride ion transfer in the first step is a key feature of the reaction sequence.
Histidine‐containing host‐defence skin peptides of anurans bind Cu2+. An electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and computational modelling study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2011
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4981
Abstract: Anuran peptides which contain His, including caerin 1.8 (GLFKVLGSVAKHLLPHVVPVIAEKL-NH(2)), caerin 1.2 (GLLGVLGSVAKHVLPHVVPVIAEHL-NH(2)), Ala(15) maculatin 1.1 (GLFGVLAKVAAHVVAIEHF-NH(2)), fallaxidin 4.1 (GLLSFLPKVIGHLIHPPS-OH), riparin 5.1 (IVSYPDDAGEHAHKMG-NH(2)) and signiferin 2.1 (IIGHLIKTALGMLGL-NH(2)), all form MMet(2+) and (M + Met(2+)-2H(+))(2+) cluster ions (where Met is Cu, Mg and Zn) following electrospray ionisation (ESI) in a Waters QTOF 2 mass spectrometer. Peaks due to Cu(II) complexes are always the most abundant relative to other metal complexes. Information concerning metal(2+) connectivity in a complex has been obtained (at least in part) using b and y fragmentation data from ESI collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS). Theoretical calculations, using AMBER version 10, show that MCu(2+) complexes with the membrane active caerin 1.8, Ala(15) maculatin 1.1 and fallaxidin 4.1 are four-coordinate and approximating square planar, with ligands including His and Lys, together with the carbonyl oxygens of particular backbone amide groups. When binding can occur through two His, or one His and one Lys, the His/Lys ligand structure is the more stable for the studied systems. The three-dimensional (3D) structures of the complexes are always different from the previously determined structures of the uncomplexed model peptides (using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in membrane-mimicking solvents like trifluoroethanol/water).
Major ampullate silk gland transcriptomes and fibre proteomes of the golden orb-weavers, Nephila plumipes and Nephila pilipes (Araneae: Nephilidae)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-10-2018
A Biomphalaria glabrata peptide that stimulates significant behaviour modifications in aquatic free-living Schistosoma mansoni miracidia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-01-2019
Spatial Subsystem of Moral Metaphors: A Cognitive Semantic Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2016
Diagnostic cyclisation reactions which follow phosphate transfer to carboxylate anion centres for energised [M–H]– anions of pTyr‐containing peptides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2011
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.5150
Abstract: The low-energy negative ion phosphoTyr to C-terminal -CO(2)PO(3)H(2) rearrangement occurs for energised peptide [M-H](-) anions even when there are seven amino acid residues between the pTyr and C-terminal amino acid residues. The rearranged C-terminal -CO(2)PO(2)H(O(-)) group effects characteristic S(N)i cyclisation/cleavage reactions. The most pronounced of these involves the electrophilic central backbone carbon of the penultimate amino acid residue. This reaction is aided by the intermediacy of an H-bonded intermediate in which the nucleophilic and electrophilic reaction centres are held in proximity in order for the S(N)i cyclisation/cleavage to proceed. The ΔG(reaction) is +184 kJ mol(-1) with the barrier to the S(N)i transition state being +240 kJ mol(-1) at the HF/6-31 + G(d)//AM1 level of theory. A similar phosphate rearrangement from pTyr to side chain CO(2)(-) (of Asp or Glu) may also occur for energised peptide [M-H](-) anions. The reaction is favourable: ΔG(reaction) is -44 kJ mol(-1) with a maximum barrier of +21 kJ mol(-1) (to the initial transition state) when Asp and Tyr are adjacent. The rearranged species R(1)-Tyr-NHCH(CH(2)CO(2)PO(3)H(-))COR(2) (R(1) = CHO R(2) = OCH(3)) may undergo an S(N)i six-centred cyclisation/cleavage reaction to form the product anion R(1)-Tyr(NH(-)). This process has a high energy requirement [ΔG(reaction) = +224 kJ mol(-1), with the barrier to the S(N)i transition state being +299 kJ mol(-1)].
Negative ion fragmentations of deprotonated peptides containing post‐translational modifications. An unusual cyclisation/rearrangement involving phosphotyrosine; a joint experimental and theoretical s
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4061
Abstract: The characteristic fragmentations of a pTyr group in the negative ion electrospray mass spectrum of the [M-H](-) anion of a peptide or protein involve the formation of PO(3) (-) (m/z 79) and the corresponding [(M-H)(-)-HPO(3)](-) species. In some tetrapeptides where pTyr is the third residue, these characteristic anion fragmentations are accompanied by ions corresponding to H(2)PO(4) (-) and [(M-H)(-)-H(3)PO(4)](-) (these are fragmentations normally indicating the presence of pSer or pThr). These product ions are formed by rearrangement processes which involve initial nucleophilic attack of a C-terminal -CO(2) (-) [or -C(==NH)O(-)] group at the phosphorus of the Tyr side chain [an S(N)2(P) reaction]. The rearrangement reactions have been studied by ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31+G(d)//AM1 level of theory. The study suggests the possibility of two processes following the initial S(N)2(P) reaction. In the rearrangement (involving a C-terminal carboxylate anion) with the lower energy reaction profile, the formation of the H(2)PO(4) (-) and [(M-H)(-)-H(3)PO(4)](-) anions is endothermic by 180 and 318 kJ mol(-1), respectively, with a maximum barrier (to a transition state) of 229 kJ mol(-1). The energy required to form H(2)PO(4) (-) by this rearrangement process is (i) more than that necessary to effect the characteristic formation of PO(3) (-) from pTyr, but (ii) comparable with that required to effect the characteristic alpha, beta and gamma backbone cleavages of peptide negative ions.
Intervention Effect of Baduanjin Exercise on the Fatigue State in People with Fatigue-Predominant Subhealth: A Cohort Study
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 09-2015
Abstract: To observe the effect of a Baduanjin exercise intervention on fatigue in people with fatigue-predominant subhealth (FPSH). A total of 131 participants were included in this cohort study. Those who met the inclusion criteria were grouped into the Baduanjin cohort (n=64) or the control cohort (n=67). The Baduanjin cohort exercised for 30 minutes twice a day for 6 weeks the control cohort received no treatments. The study period was 18 weeks. The fatigue states of all participants were evaluated by using the Fatigue Self-Assessment Scale (FSAS) at baseline, the fourth and sixth weeks of treatment, and during post-treatment follow-ups at the end of the 12th and 18th weeks. The scores for the six factors on the FSAS at baseline did not significantly differ between the two groups. In the Baduanjin cohort, the total score on the FSAS (TSF) and scores for physical fatigue (PF), mental fatigue (MF), consequence of fatigue (CF), and response of fatigue to sleep and rest (RFSAR) were significantly decreased at the end of the sixth week. These patients also had significantly decreased scores for TSF, PF, MF, and CF at baseline, at the end of the fourth and sixth weeks of the intervention, and during post-treatment follow-ups at the end of the 12th and 18th weeks. No adverse effects of treatment were reported. This study suggests that Baduanjin exercise has an effect on relieving fatigue in patients with FPSH.
Effects of adding nano metal powders on thermooxidative degradation of poly(ethylene glycol)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2008
Hydrogen tunnelling influences the isomerisation of some small radicals of interstellar importance. A theoretical investigation
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C2OB07102A
Abstract: Hydrogen atom isomerisations within five radical systems (i.e., CH(3)˙NH/˙CH(2)NH CH(3)O˙/˙CH(2)OH ˙CH(2)SH/CH(3)S˙ CH(3)CO(2)˙/˙CH(2)CO(2)H and HOCH(2)CH(2)O˙/HO˙CHCH(2)OH) have been studied via quantum-mechanical hydrogen tunnelling through reaction barriers. The reaction rates including hydrogen tunnelling effects have been calculated for these gas phase reactions at temperatures from 300 K to 0 K using Wenzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) and Eckart methods. The Eckart method has been found to be unsatisfactory for the last two systems listed above, because it significantly underestimates the width of the reaction barriers for the interconversions. The calculations at all-electron CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory indicate that the barriers for all reactions (forward and reverse) are greater than 100 kJ mol(-1), meaning that the chemical reactivity of the reactants is limited in the absence of hydrogen tunnelling. Hydrogen tunnelling, in some cases, enhance rates of reaction by more than 100 orders of magnitude at low temperature, and around 2 orders of magnitude at room temperature, compared to results obtained from canonical variational transition state theory. Tunnelling corrected reaction rates suggest that some of these isomerisation reactions may occur in interstellar media.
In silico neuropeptidome of female Macrobrachium rosenbergii based on transcriptome and peptide mining of eyestalk, central nervous system and ovary
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-05-2015
Putative chemosensory receptors are differentially expressed in the sensory organs of male and female crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2018
A “Love” Dart Allohormone Identified in the Mucous Glands of Hermaphroditic Land Snails
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
PEGylated IL-10: Clinical Development in Cancer Immunotherapy, Where to Go?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-12-2023
Synthesized natural peptides from amphibian skin secretions increase the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine by recruiting more T cells to the tumour site
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2019
Characterisation of reproduction-associated genes and peptides in the pest land snail, Theba pisana
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-10-2016
Degradation of differently processed Mg-based implants leads to distinct foreign body reactions (FBRs) through dissimilar signaling pathways
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Can cytosine, thymine and uracil be formed in interstellar regions? A theoretical study
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C1OB06352A
Abstract: This theoretical study investigates possible synthetic routes to cytosine, uracil and thymine in the gas phase from precursor molecules that have been detected in interstellar media. Studies at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory suggest that: The reactions between :CCCNH and :CCCO with monosolvated urea may constitute viable interstellar syntheses of cytosine and uracil. No low energy equilibration between cytosine and uracil has been demonstrated. The interaction of :CH(2) with the 5 C-H bond of uracil may form thymine in an energetically favourable reaction, but competing reactions where :CH(2) reacts with double bonds and other CH and NH bonds of uracil, reduce the effectiveness of this synthesis. The reaction between the hydrated propional enolate anion and isocyanic acid may produce thymine, in a reaction sequence where ΔG(reaction)(298 K) is -22 kJ mol(-1) and the maximum energy requirement (barrier to the first transition state) is only 47 kJ mol(-1).
Proteomic analysis of the schistosoma mansoni miracidium
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-01-2016
eSnail: A transcriptome‐based molecular resource of the central nervous system for terrestrial gastropods
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2018
Abstract: To expand on emerging terrestrial gastropod molecular resources, we have undertaken transcriptome-based sequencing of the central nervous system (CNS) from six ecologically invasive terrestrial gastropods. Focusing on snail species Cochlicella acuta and Helix aspersa and reticulated slugs Deroceras invadens, Deroceras reticulatum, Lehmannia nyctelia and Milax gagates, we obtained a total of 367,869,636 high-quality reads and compared them with existing CNS transcript resources for the invasive Mediterranean snail, Theba pisana. In total, we obtained 419,289 unique transcripts (unigenes) from 1,410,569 assembled contigs, with blast search analysis of multiple protein databases leading to the annotation of 124,268 unigenes, of which 92,544 mapped to ncbi nonredundant protein databases. We found that these transcriptomes have representatives in most biological functions, based on comparison of gene ontology, kegg pathway and protein family contents, demonstrating a high range of transcripts responsible for regulating metabolic activities and molecular functions occurring within the CNS. To provide an accessible genetic resource, we also demonstrate the presence of 66,687 microsatellites and 304,693 single-nucleotide variants, which can be used for the design of potentially thousands of unique primers for functional screening. An online "eSnail" database with a user-friendly web interface was implemented to query all the information obtained herein (snail). We demonstrate the usefulness of the database through the mining of molluscan neuropeptides. As the most comprehensive CNS transcriptome resource for terrestrial gastropods, eSnail may serve as a useful gateway for researchers to explore gastropod CNS function for multiple purposes, including for the development of biocontrol approaches.
Intratumoral injection of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides increases the efficacy of vaccinated TC-1 tumor-bearing mice with PD-1 blockade by modulating macrophage heterogeneity and the activation of CD8(+) T cells in the tumor microenvironment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1002/CTI2.1335
Abstract: Developing a vaccine formula that alters the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes to be more immune active against a tumor is key to the improvement of clinical responses to immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that, in conjunction with E7 antigen‐specific immunotherapy, and IL‐10 and PD‐1 blockade, intratumoral administration of caerin 1.1/1.9 peptides improves TC‐1 tumor microenvironment (TME) to be more immune active than injection of a control peptide. We compared the survival time of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with PD‐1 and IL‐10 blockade, in combination with a further injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 or control peptides. The tumor‐infiltrating haematopoietic cells were examined by flow cytometry. Single‐cell transcriptomics and proteomics were used to quantify changes in cellular activity across different cell types within the TME. The injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 increased the efficacy of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with anti‐PD‐1 treatment and largely expanded the populations of macrophages and NK cells with higher immune activation level, while reducing immunosuppressive macrophages. More activated CD8 + T cells were induced with higher populations of memory and effector‐memory CD8 + T subsets. Computational integration of the proteome with the single‐cell transcriptome supported activation of Stat1 ‐modulated apoptosis and significant reduction in immune‐suppressive B‐cell function following caerin 1.1 and 1.9 treatment. Caerin 1.1/1.9‐containing treatment results in improved antitumor responses. Harnessing the novel candidate genes preferentially enriched in the immune active cell populations may allow further exploration of distinct macrophages, T cells and their functions in TC‐1 tumors.
Radical routes to interstellar glycolaldehyde. The possibility of stereoselectivity in gas-phase polymerization reactions involving CH2O and ˙CH2OH
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C0OB00125B
Abstract: A previous report that the interstellar molecule glycolaldehyde (HOCH(2)CHO) can be made from hydroxymethylene (HOCH:) and formaldehyde has been revisited at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)//MP2/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory. This reaction competes with the formation of acetic acid and methylformate, molecules which have also been detected in interstellar clouds. Other possible modes of formation of glycolaldehyde by radical/radical reactions have been shown to be viable theoretically as follows: HO˙+˙CH2CHO -->HOCH2CHO [ΔG(Γ)(298K)=-303kJ mol⁻¹] HOCH2˙+˙CHO-->HOCH2CHO (-259kJ mol⁻¹). The species in these two processes are known interstellar molecules. Key radicals ˙CH(2)CHO and ˙CH(2)OH in these sequences have been shown to be stable for the microsecond duration of neutralization/reionization experiments in the dual collision cells of a VG ZAB 2HF mass spectrometer. The polymerization reaction HOCH(2)CH˙OH + nCH(2)O → HOCH(2)[CH(OH)](n)˙CHOH (n = 1 to 3) has been studied theoretically and shown to be energetically feasible, as is the cyclization reaction of HOCH(2)[(CH(2)OH)(4)]˙CHOH (in the presence of one molecule of water at the reacting centre) to form glucose. The probability of such a reaction sequence is small even if polymerization were to occur in interstellar ice containing a significant concentration of CH(2)O. The large number of stereoisomers produced by such a reaction sequence makes the formation of a particular sugar, again for ex le glucose, an inefficient synthesis. The possibility of stereoselectivity occurring during the polymerization was investigated for two diastereoisomers of HOCH(2)[(CHOH)](2)˙CHOH. No significant difference was found in the transition state energies for addition of CH(2)O to these two diastereoisomers, but a barrier difference of 12 kJ mol(-1) was found for the H transfer reactions ˙OCH(2)[(CHOH)](2)CH(2)OH → HOCH(2)[(CHOH)(2)˙CHOH of the two diastereoisomers.
Can collision-induced negative-ion fragmentations of [M-H] - anions be used to identify phosphorylation sites in peptides?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-11-2011
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.5261
Abstract: A joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the fragmentation behaviour of energised [M-H](-) anions from selected phosphorylated peptides has confirmed some of the most complex rearrangement processes yet to be reported for peptide negative ions. In particular: pSer and pThr (like pTyr) may transfer phosphate groups to C-terminal carboxyl anions and to the carboxyl anion side chains of Asp and Glu, and characteristic nucleophilic/cleavage reactions accompany or follow these rearrangements. pTyr may transfer phosphate to the side chains of Ser and Thr. The reverse reaction, namely transfer of a phosphate group from pSer or pThr to Tyr, is energetically unfavourable in comparison. pSer can transfer phosphate to a non-phosphorylated Ser. The non-rearranged [M-H](-) species yields more abundant product anions than its rearranged counterpart. If a peptide containing any or all of Ser, Thr and Tyr is not completely phosphorylated, negative-ion cleavages can determine the number of phosphated residues, and normally the positions of Ser, Thr and Tyr, but not which specific residues are phosphorylated. This is in accord with comments made earlier by Lehmann and coworkers.
Thermal Decomposition of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Studied by Synchrotron Photoionization Mass Spectrometry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-02-2007
DOI: 10.1021/JP066375+
Abstract: In this work, the thermal decomposition reactions and products of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) at low pressure have been investigated by tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular-beam s ling mass spectrometry. It has been observed that thermal decomposition of GAP began at a lower temperature (about 70 degrees C), compared to about 170 degrees C in the air. Most observed species in the thermal decomposition process have been clearly identified by measurements of the photoionization mass spectrum and photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra. Many species have been detected at the initiation of the degradation. Compared with previous studies on thermal decomposition of GAP, some free radicals, such as C2H3O, C3H5O, C6H6N, C3H5ON3, and so forth, have been identified in the present work. The formation mechanisms of some important radicals have been discussed, and the most probable reaction routines have also been proposed, which should be of importance in understanding the energy-releasing mechanism of GAP thermal decomposition.
Effects of 2H-heptafluoropropane on the liquid and tar products of poly(methylmethacrylate) flash pyrolysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and deep tissue proteomics reveal distinct tumour microenvironment in stage-I and II cervical cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S13046-023-02598-0
Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) is the 3 rd most common cancer in women and the 4 th leading cause of deaths in gynaecological malignancies, yet the exact progression of CC is inconclusive, mainly due to the high complexity of the changing tumour microenvironment (TME) at different stages of tumorigenesis. Importantly, a detailed comparative single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of tumour microenvironment (TME) of CC patients at different stages is lacking. In this study, a total of 42,928 and 29,200 nuclei isolated from the tumour tissues of stage-I and II CC patients and subjected to single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis. The cell heterogeneity and functions were comparatively investigated using bioinformatic tools. In addition, label-free quantitative mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis was carried out. The proteome profiles of stage-I and II CC patients were compared, and an integrative analysis with the snRNA-seq was performed. Compared with the stage-I CC (CCI) patients, the immune response relevant signalling pathways were largely suppressed in various immune cells of the stage-II CC (CCII) patients, yet the signalling associated with cell and tissue development was enriched, as well as metabolism for energy production suggested by the upregulation of genes associated with mitochondria. This was consistent with the quantitative proteomic analysis that showed the dominance of proteins promoting cell growth and intercellular matrix development in the TME of CCII group. The interferon-α and γ responses appeared the most activated pathways in many cell populations of the CCI patients. Several collagens, such as COL12A1 , COL5A1 , COL4A1 and COL4A2 , were found significantly upregulated in the CCII group, suggesting their roles in diagnosing CC progression. A novel transcript AC244205.1 was detected as the most upregulated gene in CCII patients, and its possible mechanistic role in CC may be investigated further. Our study provides important resources for decoding the progression of CC and set the foundation for developing novel approaches for diagnosing CC and tackling the immunosuppressive TME.
Aquaculture Breeding Enhancement: Maturation and Spawning in Sea Cucumbers Using a Recombinant Relaxin-Like Gonad-Stimulating Peptide
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-02-2019
Proteomic analysis of anti-MRSA activity of caerin 1.1/1.9 in a murine skin infection model and their in vitro anti-biofilm effects against Acinetobacter
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 11-10-2023
Far ultraviolet nighttime ionospheric photometer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-12-2014
Abstract 5236: A qualitative change in transcriptome during MDCKII 3D epithelial morphogenesis is linked to intracellular trafficking
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-5236
Abstract: The majority of human cancers are derived from epithelial tissues. Understanding epithelial morphogenesis is hence important in cancer research. Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells, cultured in 3D and 2D conditions, are used extensively as a model for studying cell polarity, epithelial morphogenesis and carcinogenesis. Like other cell differentiation systems, gene expression plays a key role in MDCKII epithelial morphogenesis. To better understand the change in the transcriptome, we performed a time course RNA-seq analysis of MDCKII 3D cytogenesis, along with fully polarized 2D cells for comparison. Surprisingly, our study reveals that the change is not linear, but rather clearly biphasic. Specifically, about 3,000 genes are significantly up- or down-regulated between 24 hour and day 3 after seeding, when the lumen is forming, compared to & 120 such genes during other time intervals. Because previous studies have shown that Rab11-coordinated intracellular trafficking plays an essential role in MDCKII lumen formation, we hypothesize this qualitative change in the transcriptome is linked to intracellular trafficking. To test this hypothesis, we used knockdown clones of AVL9 and DENND5A, both interacting with Rab11 and participating in trafficking. Knockdown cells have altered cell polarity and defective trafficking, but not as significant changes in transcriptome as wild type cells, supporting our hypothesis. We then focused on β-catenin to better understand the mechanism. Our study reveals that in wild type cells, following the first cell ision, β-catenin is depleted from the nucleus and enriched in cell-cell junction. This results in MYC transcriptional silencing (supported by ATAC-seq analysis), which in turn initiated down-regulation of numerous MYC target genes. These observations are however not observed in knockdown cells. Our study supports the qualitative change (“switch on-off”) model, rather than the quantitative (gradual) change model, in transcriptome remodeling during epithelial cell differentiation. Moreover, our work supports that intracellular trafficking likely initiates this quantitative change in transcriptome. Citation Format: Tianfang Wang, Shaying Zhao, Shi-Yuan Cheng. A qualitative change in transcriptome during MDCKII 3D epithelial morphogenesis is linked to intracellular trafficking [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3 Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR Cancer Res 2019 (13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5236.
A Systematic Review of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in China
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X08005540
Abstract: Studies on the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with acupuncture and moxibustion in China were reviewed. All studies concluded the treatments were effective, with response rates ranging from 78.95% to 100%. However, the qualities of the studies were generally poor, and none of them used a RCT design. The common acupoints/sites used in the treatment of CFS, which may reflect the collective experience of acupuncturists in China based on Traditional Chinese Medicine theories can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of CFS in future studies using more scientifically rigorous study designs.
RDX/AP-CMDB Propellants Containing Fullerenes and Carbon Black Additives
Publisher: Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
Date: 25-05-2009
DOI: 10.14429/DSJ.59.1522
Comparative Proteomic Study of the Antiproliferative Activity of Frog Host-Defence Peptide Caerin 1.9 and Its Additive Effect with Caerin 1.1 on TC-1 Cells Transformed with HPV16 E6 and E7
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/7382351
Abstract: Caerin is a family of peptides isolated from the glandular secretion of Australian tree frogs, the genus Litoria , and has been previously shown to have anticancer activity against several cancer cells. In this work, we used two host-defence peptides, caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, to investigate their ability to inhibit a murine derived TC-1 cell transformed with human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 growth in vitro . Caerin 1.9 inhibits TC-1 cell proliferation, although inhibition is more pronounced when applied in conjunction with caerin 1.1. To gain further insights into the antiproliferative mechanisms of caerin 1.9 and its additive effect with caerin 1.1, we used a proteomics strategy to quantitatively examine (i) the changes in the protein profiles of TC-1 cells and (ii) the excretory-secretory products of TC-1 cells following caerin peptides treatment. Caerin 1.9 treatment significantly altered the abundance of several immune-related proteins and related pathways, such as the Tec kinase and ILK signalling pathways, as well as the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In conclusion, caerin peptides inhibit TC-1 cell proliferation, associated with modification in signalling pathways that would change the tumour microenvironment which is normally immune suppressive.
Comparative studies on low-temperature pyrolysis products of pure PEG and PEG/nano-Co3O4 by Py-GC/MS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Identification of a female spawn‐associated Kazal‐type inhibitor from the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PSC.2887
Abstract: Abalone (Haliotis) undergoes a period of reproductive maturation, followed by the synchronous release of gametes, called broadcast spawning. Field and laboratory studies have shown that the tropical species Haliotis asinina undergoes a two-week spawning cycle, thus providing an excellent opportunity to investigate the presence of endogenous spawning-associated peptides. In female H. asinina, we have isolated a peptide (5145 Da) whose relative abundance in hemolymph increases substantially just prior to spawning and is still detected using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms up to 1-day post-spawn. We have isolated this peptide from female hemolymph as well as s les prepared from the gravid female gonad, and demonstrated through comparative sequence analysis that it contains features characteristic of Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors (KPIs). Has-KPI is expressed specifically within the gonad of adult females. A recombinant Has-KPI was generated using a yeast expression system. The recombinant Has-KPI does not induce premature spawning of female H. asinina when administered intramuscularly. However it displays homomeric aggregations and interaction with at least one mollusc-type neuropeptide (LRDFVamide), suggesting a role for it in regulating neuropeptide endocrine communication. This research provides new understanding of a peptide that can regulate reproductive processes in female abalone, which has the potential to lead to the development of greater control over abalone spawning. The findings also highlight the need to further explore abalone reproduction to clearly define a role for novel spawning-associated peptide in sexual maturation and spawning. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neuropeptidome of the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish, Acanthaster planci
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2017.05.026
Abstract: Outbreaks of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS Acanthaster planci) are a major cause of destruction of coral communities on the Australian Great Barrier Reef. While factors relating to population explosions and the social interactions of COTS have been well studied, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying COTS physiology and behaviour. One of the major classes of chemical messengers that regulate physiological and behavioural processes in animals is the neuropeptides. Here, we have analysed COTS genome and transcriptome sequence data to identify neuropeptide precursor proteins in this species. A total of 48 neuropeptide precursors were identified, including homologs of neuropeptides that are evolutionarily conserved throughout the Bilateria, and others that are novel. Proteomic mass spectrometry was employed to confirm the presence of neuropeptides in extracts of radial nerve cords. These transcriptomic and proteomic resources provide a foundation for functional studies that will enable a better understanding of COTS physiology and behaviour, and may facilitate development of novel population biocontrol methods. The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS) is one of the primary factors leading to coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Our combined gene and proteomic findings of this study reveal the COTS neuropeptidome, including both echinoderm-like neuropeptides and novel putative neuropeptides. This represents the most comprehensive neuropeptidome for an echinoderm, contributing to the evolving knowledge of the COTS molecular neurobiology that may assist towards the development of biocontrol methods.
Changes in the neuropeptide content of Biomphalaria ganglia nervous system following Schistosoma infection
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-06-2017
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a population-based sample in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJOGRB.2012.01.017
Abstract: To investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and the frequency and severity of the symptoms in a population-based s le of Chinese women of reproductive age. Women aged 18-45 years were screened for suspected PMS and PMDD based on the ACOG recommendations for a diagnosis of PMS and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). For those who were consistent with PMS diagnostic criteria, the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) questionnaire was used to assess the symptoms prospectively over 2 months. Participants were then categorized as having no perceived symptoms, mild PMS, moderate PMS, and PMDD, based on a validated algorithm. Among the study group, the incidence of PMDD was 2.1% and PMS was 21.1%. The most common symptoms were irritability (91.21%), breast tenderness (77.62%), depression (68.31%), abdominal bloating (63.70%) and angry outbursts (59.62%). The prevalence of PMS/PMDD and the frequency and severity of the symptoms have their own characteristics in Chinese women.
Experimental Study of Laminar Lean Premixed Methylmethacrylate/Oxygen/Argon Flame at Low Pressure
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-01-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JP709927J
Abstract: A fuel-lean laminar premixed methylmethacrylate/oxygen/argon flame at 2.67 kPa with an equivalence ratio (phi) of 0.75 has been investigated with the tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular beam s ling mass spectrometry techniques. Isomers of most observed species in the flame have been identified by measurements of photoionization mass spectra and the near-threshold photoionization efficiency spectra. Mole fraction profiles for about 42 flame species are displayed. Free radicals such as CH3, C2H3, C2H5, C3H3, C3H5, C2H3O, C4H7, C3H5O, C3H7O, C4H3O, C4H9O, C4H5O2, C4H7O2, and C5H7O2, which should be of importance in understanding the formation mechanism of some toxic substances, were detected in the flame. Moreover, no isomers of any PAHs have been detected in the lean flame. Combined with the mole fraction profiles, the formation mechanisms of the free radicals, oxygenated compounds, and other molecular intermediates are proposed and will provide important information on modeling the combustion kinetics of methylmethacrylate (MMA).
The membrane-active amphibian peptide caerin 1.8 inhibits fibril formation of amyloid β1-42
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEPTIDES.2015.08.004
Abstract: The hibian host-defense peptide caerin 1.8 [(1)GLFKVLGSV(10)AKHLLPHVVP(20)VIAEKL(NH2)] inhibits fibril formation of amyloid β 1-42 [(1)DAEFRHDSG(10)YEVHHQKLVF(20)FAEDVGSNKG(30)AIIGLMVGGV(40)VIA] [Aβ42] (the major precursor of the extracellular fibrillar deposits of Alzheimer's disease). Some truncated forms of caerin 1.8 also inhibit fibril formation of Aβ42. For ex le, caerin 1.8 (1-13) [(1)GLFKVLGSV(10)AKHL(NH2) and caerin 1.8 (22-25) [KVLGSV(10)AKHLLPHVVP(20)VIAEKL(NH2)] show 85% and 75% respectively of the inhibition activity of the parent caerin 1.8. The synthetic peptide KLVFFKKKKKK is a known inhibitor of Aβ42 fibril formation, and was used as a standard in this study. Caerin 1.8 is the more effective fibril inhibitor. IC50 values (± 15%) are caerin 1.8 (75 μM) and KLVFFKKKKKK (370 μM). MALDI mass spectrometry shows the presence of a small peak corresponding to a protonated 1:1 adduct [caerin 1.8/Aβ42]H(+). Molecular dynamics simulation suggests that both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between Aβ42 and caerin 1.8 facilitate the formation of a 1:1 complex in water. Fibril formation from Aβ42 has been proposed to be based around the (16)KLVF(20)F region of Aβ42 this region in the 1:1 complex is partially blocked from attachment of a further molecule of Aβ42.
The byssal-producing glands and proteins of the silverlip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2022
Blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunization does not increase unwanted side effects in mice
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2017
The crown-of-thorns starfish genome as a guide for biocontrol of this coral reef pest
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE22033
Abstract: The crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS, the Acanthaster planci species group) is a highly fecund predator of reef-building corals throughout the Indo-Pacific region. COTS population outbreaks cause substantial loss of coral cover, diminishing the integrity and resilience of reef ecosystems. Here we sequenced genomes of COTS from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Okinawa, Japan to identify gene products that underlie species-specific communication and could potentially be used in biocontrol strategies. We focused on water-borne chemical plumes released from aggregating COTS, which make the normally sedentary starfish become highly active. Peptide sequences detected in these plumes by mass spectrometry are encoded in the COTS genome and expressed in external tissues. The exoproteome released by aggregating COTS consists largely of signalling factors and hydrolytic enzymes, and includes an expanded and rapidly evolving set of starfish-specific ependymin-related proteins. These secreted proteins may be detected by members of a large family of olfactory-receptor-like G-protein-coupled receptors that are expressed externally, sometimes in a sex-specific manner. This study provides insights into COTS-specific communication that may guide the generation of peptide mimetics for use on reefs with COTS outbreaks.
Intra-tumoral injection of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides in vaccinated TC-1 tumour bearing mice with PD-1 blockade modulates macrophage heterogeneity and the activation of CD8+ T cells in the tumour microenvironment
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 10-09-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-73533/V1
Abstract: Development of a vaccine formula that alters the tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes to be more immune active against a tumour is key to the improvement of clinical responses to immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that, in conjunction with E7 antigen specific immunotherapy, and IL-10 and PD-1 blockade, intra-tumoral administration of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides further improves the tumour microenvironment (TME) when compared with injection of a control peptide. We used single cell transcriptomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to quantify changes in cellular activity across different cell types within the TME. We show that the injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 increases immune activating macrophages and NK cells, while reducing immunosuppressive macrophages with M2 phenotype, and increased numbers of activated CD8+ T cells with higher populations of memory and effector-memory CD8+ T subsets. Proteomic profiling demonstrated activation of Stat1 modulated apoptosis and production of nitric oxide. Further, computational integration of the proteome with the single cell transcriptome was consistent with deactivation of immune suppressive B cell function following caerin 1.1 and 1.9 treatment.
Investigation the possibility of using peptides with a helical repeating pattern of hydro-phobic and hydrophilic residues to inhibit IL-10
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-04-2016
Single-cell transcriptomics and deep tissue proteomics reveal distinct tumour microenvironment present in stage-I and II cervical cancer
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 21-10-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2130277/V1
Abstract: Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the 3rd most common cancer in women and the 4th leading cause of deaths in gynaecological malignancies, yet the exact progression of CC is inconclusive, mainly due to the high complexity the changing tumour microenvironment (TME) at different stages of tumorigenesis. Importantly, a detailed comparative single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tumour microenvironment (TME) of CC patients at different stages is lacking. Methods In this study, a total of 42,928 and 29,200 cells isolated from the tumour tissues of stage-I and II CC patients and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. The cell heterogeneity and functions were comparatively investigated using bioinformatic tools. In addition, label-free quantitative mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis was carried out. The proteome profiles of stage-I and II CC patients were compared, and an integrative analysis with the scRNA-seq was performed. Results Compared with the stage-I CC (CCI) patients, the immune response relevant signalling pathways were largely suppressed in various immune cells of the stage-II CC (CCII) patients, yet the signalling associated with cell and tissue development was enriched, as well as metabolism for energy production suggested by the upregulation of genes associated with mitochondria. This was consistent with the quantitative proteomic analysis that showed dominance of proteins promoting cell growth and intercellular matrix development in the TME of CCII group. The interferon-α and γ response appeared the most activated pathways in many cell populations of the CCI patients. Several collagens, such as COL12A1 , COL5A1 , COL4A1 and COL4A2 , were found significantly upregulated in the CCII group, suggesting their roles for diagnosing CC progression. A novel transcript AC244205.1 was detected as the most upregulated gene in CCII patients, and its possible mechanistic role CC may be investigated further. Conclusions Our study provides important resources for decoding the progression of CC and set the foundation for developing novel approaches for diagnosing CC and tackling the immunosuppressive TME.
Molecular characterization of sdf1 and cxcr4 in the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANIREPROSCI.2016.11.007
Abstract: Animal sexual reproduction relies on primordial germ cells (PGCs), the predecessors of the germ cell lineage, giving rise to either spermatogonia or oogonia after the completion of gonadal differentiation. There is limited information on the mechanism of PGC migration leading to the formation of the primordial gonad in Perciform fish. Oreochromis mossambicus, a tilapiine species, was investigated that is a commercially important aquaculture species in many parts of the world while in other areas it has become an invasive pest. Key components involved in PGC migration were identified, including the stromal-cell derived factor 1 (Om-sdf1a, Om-sdf1b) and the CXC receptor 4 (Om-cxcr4): both share conservation with existing model species. The spatial gene expression profiles were determined through transcript and protein analysis and displayed distinct localisation within the region of the developing gonad in larvae and within the adult gonads of certain cell populations. A recombinant Om-sdf1a was produced in Escherichia coli that activates Om-cxcr4 using a BRET-based yeast in vitro assay system, suggesting that it is structurally similar to the native Om-sdf1a and is appropriate for further structural studies. This study has improved understanding of the molecular basis of tilapia reproduction through investigation of gonad development, which may be important in the progression towards reproductive suppression methods to control tilapia populations in the wild. In addition, this research will facilitate developments in germ cell transplantation, an innovative technique that harnesses germ cell migration and allows the uptake of foreign germ cells, which differentiate to produce sperm or ova.
Backbone fragmentations of [M–H]– anions from peptides. Reinvestigation of the mechanism of the beta prime cleavage
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2012
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.6297
Abstract: An experimental study has shown that the structure of a β' ion proposed earlier is incorrect. Backbone cleavage β' anions have structures R(NH(-)) from systems [[RNHCH(X)CONHCH(Y)CO(2)H (or C-terminal CONH(2))-H](-) (where R is the rest of the peptide molecule and X and Y represent the α side chains of the in idual amino acid residues). Ab initio calculations were carried out at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory. The calculations suggest that RNH(-) ions are formed by S(N)i cyclisation processes involving either (i) the C-terminal CO(2)(-) or C-terminal [CONH](-) as appropriate, or (ii) an enolate ion [-NHC(-)(Y)-] cyclising at the backbone CH of the -CH(X)- group. Concomitant C-N bond cleavage then liberates an RNH(-) ion, processes which can occur along the peptide backbone.
Comparative proteomic study reveals the enhanced immune response with the blockade of interleukin 10 with anti-IL-10 and anti-IL-10 receptor antibodies in human U937 cells
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-03-2019
Molecular insights into land snail neuropeptides through transcriptome and comparative gene analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2015
Ovi-protective mothers: exploring the proteomic profile of weevil (Gonipterus) egg capsules
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Integrative proteomic analysis reveals potential high-frequency alternative open reading frame-encoded peptides in human colorectal cancer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.LFS.2018.11.018
Abstract: Identification of alternative open reading frame-encoded peptides (AEPs) for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer at the proteome level is largely unexplored because of a lack of comprehensive proteomics data. Here, we performed a comprehensive integrative analysis of mass spectral data published by Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium and characterized 93 high-confident AEPs encoded within 75 genes. There are four cancer-related genes appeared to have AEPs identified frequently in >20 out of 95 colorectal cancer s les, including ABCF2, AR, RBM10 and NRG1. Further network analysis of the identified AEPs found the enrichment of novel AEPs within hormone androgen receptor and a highly-modularised network with 42 genes associated with patient survival. Our results not only suggested a mechanistic view of how AEPs work in cancer progression, but also shed light on somatic amino acid mutations in AEPs, which might be overlooked previously because of their low frequencies. In particular, potential high-frequency mutations in 77 s les associated with EDARADD may contribute to the discovery of new biomarkers and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
The Amyloid Fibril-Forming Properties of the Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptide Uperin 3.5
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2015
Abstract: The hibian skin is a vast resource for bioactive peptides, which form the basis of the animals' innate immune system. Key components of the secretions of the cutaneous glands are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exert their cytotoxic effects often as a result of membrane disruption. It is becoming increasingly evident that there is a link between the mechanism of action of AMPs and amyloidogenic peptides and proteins. In this work, we demonstrate that the broad-spectrum hibian AMP uperin 3.5, which has a random-coil structure in solution but adopts an α-helical structure in membrane-like environments, forms amyloid fibrils rapidly in solution at neutral pH. These fibrils are cytotoxic to model neuronal cells in a similar fashion to those formed by the proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. The addition of small quantities of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol accelerates fibril formation by uperin 3.5, and is correlated with a structural stabilisation induced by this co-solvent. Uperin 3.5 fibril formation and the associated cellular toxicity are inhibited by the polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Furthermore, EGCG rapidly dissociates fully formed uperin 3.5 fibrils. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry reveals that uperin 3.5 adopts various oligomeric states in solution. Combined, these observations imply that the mechanism of membrane permeability by uperin 3.5 is related to its fibril-forming properties.
Human papillomavirus infection among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in southern China
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-09-2019
Proteomic analysis of the venom and venom sac of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio - Towards understanding its biological impact
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2016.07.002
Abstract: The European horntail woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is an invasive insect that attacks conifer hosts, particularly Pinus species. Venom injected by female S. noctilio, together with its symbiotic fungus, damages the normal physiology of Pinus, leading to death of the tree. To identify the proteinaceous components in the venom and uncover the interplay between venom proteins and tree proteins, clarification of the overall profile of proteins produced in the venom gland apparatus was carried out in this work. The venom sac proteome utilised in-solution digested in either a natural or deglycosylated state, prior to nanoHPLC LTQ-Orbitrap under CID/ETD mode. Here, we report the identification of 1454 and 1225 proteins in venom and sac, respectively, with 410 mutual proteins. Approximately 90 proteins were predicted to be secretory, of which 8 have features characteristic of toxins. Chemosensory binding proteins were also identified. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were employed to predict the protein functions and biological pathways in venom and sac. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis suggested that one-step responses represent the majority of the Sirex-Pinus PPIs, and the proteins representing network hub nodes could be of importance for the development of pest management strategies. The woodwasp Sirex noctilio is an invasive species in many parts of the world, including Australia and North America, where it is considered within the top 10 most serious forest insects. Where they have been introduced, the female woodwasps attack living pine trees, causing significant economic losses. Central to this destruction is the woodwasp's life cycle requirement to bore a hole to deposit eggs and a toxic mucus that disables the tree's network for transporting water and nutrients, yet aids in larval survival. Here we specifically examine the mucus gland apparatus and its contents, revealing the protein components that together with 'noctilisin' facilitate this complex association. The identification of chemosensory binding proteins further supports a role for the woodwasp ovipositor as an instrument for early stages of host tree selection. These findings could provide important clues towards the development of novel control tools against this pest.
Negative ion cleavages of (M–H)− anions of peptides. Part 3. Post‐translational modifications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/MAS.21501
Abstract: It is now 25 years since we commenced the study of the negative-ion fragmentations of peptides and we have recently concluded this research with investigations of the negative-ion chemistry of most post-translational functional groups. Our first negative-ion peptide review (Bowie, Brinkworth, & Dua, 2002) dealt with the characteristic backbone fragmentations and side-chain cleavages from (M-H)
Negative ion fragmentations of disulfide‐containing cross‐linking reagents are competitive with aspartic acid side‐chain‐induced cleavages
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2012
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.6445
Abstract: It has been shown that the disulfide moiety in the chemical cross-linking reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl)propionate (DSP), which is similar in structure to the natural cystine disulfide, cleaves preferentially to the peptide backbone in the negative ion mode. However, the tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of peptides in the negative ion mode are often dominated by products arising from low-energy, side-chain-induced processes, which may compete with any facile cross-linker fragmentations and complicate identification of chemical cross-links in a complex mixture. Two disulfide-containing crosslinking reagents similar to DSP, but with varying spacer arm lengths, were synthesized and the MS/MS spectra of several model peptides cross-linked with these reagents were investigated. Theoretical calculations were used to describe the energetics of the cross-linker fragmentations as well as several low-energy side-chain-induced fragmentations which compete with disulfide cleavages. Altering the spacer arm length of the cross-linker, such that there is one methylene group less than in DSP, results in a more facile cleavage process, whilst the opposite is true when a methylene group is added. Of the low-energy side-chain-induced fragmentations studied, only those from aspartic acid compete significantly with those of the cross-linker disulfide. Low-energy cleavage processes from aspartic acid that compete with cross-linker fragmentations occur in the negative ion MS/MS spectra of the cross-linked peptides, irrespective of the spacer arm length. Other fragmentation pathways do not significantly interfere with low-energy disulfide cleavage, making the presence of additional product ions in the MS/MS spectrum diagnostic for the presence of aspartic acid.
Primordial germ cell migration in the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and identification of stromal cell-derived factor 1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGCEN.2015.02.007
Abstract: Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are progenitors of the germ cell lineage, giving rise to either spermatogonia or oogonia after the completion of gonadal differentiation. Currently, there is little information on the mechanism of PGCs migration leading to the formation of the primordial gonad in perciform fish. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) (YTK) (order Perciforms) inhabit tropical and temperate waters in the southern hemisphere. Fundamental details into the molecular basis of larval development in this species can be easily studied in Australia, as they are commercially cultured and readily available. In this study, histological analysis of YTK larvae revealed critical time points for the migration of PGCs to the genital ridge, resulting in the subsequent development of the primordial gonad. In YTK larvae at 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post hatch (DPH), PGCs were not yet enclosed by somatic cells, indicating the primordial gonad had not yet started to form. While at 15, 18 and 20 DPH PGCs had already settled at the genital ridge and started to become enclosed by somatic cells indicating the primordial gonad had started to develop. A higher number of PGCs were observed in the larvae at 15 and 18 DPH indicating PGCs proliferation, which corresponds with them becoming enclosed by the somatic cells. Directional migration of PGCs toward the genital ridge is a critical event in the subsequent development of a gonad. In zebrafish, mouse and chicken, stromal-cell derived factor (SDF1) signalling is one of the key molecules for PGC migration. We subsequently isolated from YTK the SDF1 (Slal-SDF1) gene, which encodes for a 98-residue precursor protein with a signal peptide at the N-terminus. There is spatial conservation between fish species of four cysteine residues at positions C9, C11, C34 and C49, expected to form disulphide bonds and stabilize the SDF structure. In YTK, Slal-SDF1 gene expression analyses shows that this gene is expressed in larvae from 1 to 22 DPH and demonstrates distinct spatial localisation in the larvae at 7 DPH. These results provide a platform for further studies into the molecular machinery of PGC migration in yellowtail kingfish, as well as other perciform fish species.
Fragmentations of [M–H]– anions of peptides containing Ser sulfate. A joint experimental and theoretical study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.6686
Abstract: To determine the negative-ion cleavages from [M-H](-) ions of Ser sulfate-containing peptides using experiment and theory in concert. Fragmentations were explored using a Waters QTOF2 mass spectrometer in negative-ion electrospray mode, together with calculations at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory. Peptides used in this study were: GS(SO3H)(OH) 1 GS(SO3H)(OCH3) 1a GAVS(SO3H)(OH) 2 GAVS(SO3H)(OCH3) 2a GLS(SO3H)(GVA(OH) 3 GLS(SO3H)GDA(OH) 4 GLS(SO3H)GS(SO3H)A(OH) 5. Previously, it has been shown that a peptide containing a Tyr sulfate group shows [(M-H)(-) -SO3] as the base peak. Only a small peak was observed corresponding to HOSO3(-) (formed following rearrangement of the sulfate). A Ser sulfate-containing peptide, in contrast, shows pronounced peaks due to cleavage product anions [(M-H)(-)-SO3] and HOSO3(-). Theoretical calculations at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory suggest that rearrangement of a Ser sulfate to give C-terminal CO2SO3H is energetically unfavourable in comparison with fragmentation of the intact Ser sulfate to yield [(M-H)(-)-SO3] and HOSO3(-). [(M-H)(-)-H2SO4] anions are not observed in the spectra of peptides containing Ser sulfate, presumably because HOSO3(-) is a relatively weak gas-phase base (ΔGacid = 1265 kJ mol(-1)). Experimental and theoretical data suggest that [(M-H)(-)-SO3] and HOSO3(-) product anions (from a peptide with a C-terminal Ser sulfate) are formed from the serine sulfate anion accompanied by specific proton transfer. CID MS/MS/MS data for an [(M-H)(-)-SO3] ion of an underivatised sulfate-containing peptide will normally allow the determination of the amino acid sequence of that peptide. The one case we have studied where that is not the case is GLS(SO3H)GDA(OH), where the peptide contains Ser sulfate and Asp, where the diagnostic Asp cleavages are competitive with the Ser sulfate cleavages.
Proliferative and Invasive Colorectal Tumors in Pet Dogs Provide Unique Insights into Human Colorectal Cancer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-09-2018
Abstract: Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs represent a valuable but undercharacterized cancer model. To better use this resource, we performed an initial global comparison between proliferative and invasive colorectal tumors from 20 canine cases, and evaluated their molecular homology to human colorectal cancer (CRC). First, proliferative canine tumors harbor overactivated WNT/β-catenin pathways and recurrent CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations S45F/P, D32Y and G34E. Invasive canine tumors harbor prominent fibroblast proliferation and overactivated stroma. Both groups have recurrent TP53 mutations. We observed three invasion patterns in canine tumors: collective, crypt-like and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We detected enriched Helicobacter bilis and Alistipes finegoldii in proliferative and crypt-like tumors, but depleted mucosa-microbes in the EMT tumor. Second, guided by our canine findings, we classified 79% of 478 human colon cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas into four subtypes: primarily proliferative, or with collective, crypt-like or EMT invasion features. Their molecular characteristics match those of canine tumors. We showed that consensus molecular subtype 4 (mesenchymal) of human CRC should be further ided into EMT and crypt-like subtypes, which differ in TGF-β activation and mucosa-microbe content. Our canine tumors share the same pathogenic pathway as human CRCs. Dog-human integration identifies three CRC invasion patterns and improves CRC subtyping.
Copy number alteration of neuropeptides and receptors in multiple cancers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-04832-0
Abstract: Neuropeptides are peptide hormones used as chemical signals by the neuroendocrine system to communicate between cells. Recently, neuropeptides have been recognized for their ability to act as potent cellular growth factors on many cell types, including cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism for how this occurs is unknown. To clarify the relationship between neuropeptides and cancer, we manually curated a total of 127 human neuropeptide genes by integrating information from the literature, homologous sequences, and database searches. Using human ligand-receptor interaction data, we first identified an interactome of 226 interaction pairs between 93 neuropeptides and 133 G-protein coupled receptors. We further identified four neuropeptide-receptor functional modules with ten or more genes, all of which were highly mutated in multiple cancers. We have identified a number of neuropeptide signaling systems with both oncogenic and tumour-suppressing roles for cancer progression, such as the insulin-like growth factors. By focusing on the neuroendocrine prostate cancer mutational data, we found prevalent lification of neuropeptide and receptors in about 72% of s les. In summary, we report the first observation of abundant copy number variations on neuropeptides and receptors, which will be valuable for the design of peptide-based cancer prognosis, diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract 3712: Proliferative and invasive colorectal tumors in pet dogs provide unique insights into human colorectal cancer
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-3712
Abstract: Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs represent a valuable but undercharacterized cancer model. To better use this resource, we performed an initial global comparison between proliferative and invasive colorectal tumors from 20 canine cases and evaluated their molecular homology to human colorectal cancer (CRC). We sequenced 15 canine intestinal s les for WGS and 26 for RNA-seq. We investigated alterations in the genome and transcriptome, using state-of-the-art analysis tools. We aslso investigated their microbiome, by mapping WGS and RNA-seq read pairs that could not be placed onto the canine genome to two microbial genome databases: The Human Microbiome Project database and all bacterial genomic sequences. We performed the same analysis with TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) colon cancer data. Based on our analysis, proliferative canine tumors harbor overactivated WNT/β-catenin pathways and recurrent CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations S45F/P, D32Y and G34E. Invasive canine tumors harbor prominent fibroblast proliferation and overactivated stroma. Both groups have recurrent TP53 mutations. We observed three invasion patterns in canine tumors: collective, crypt-like and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We detected enriched Helicobacter bilis and Alistipes finegoldii in proliferative and crypt-like tumors, but depleted mucosa-microbes in the EMT tumor. Additionally, guided by our canine findings, we classified 79% of 478 human colon cancers from TCGA into four subtypes: primarily proliferative, or with collective, crypt-like or EMT invasion features. Their molecular characteristics match those of canine tumors. We showed that consensus molecular subtype 4 (mesenchymal) of human CRC should be further ided into EMT and crypt-like subtypes, which differ in TGF-β activation and mucosa-microbe content. Our canine tumors share the same pathogenic pathway as human CRCs. Dog-human integration identifies three CRC invasion patterns and improves CRC subtyping. Citation Format: Jin Wang, Tianfang Wang, Yanfang Sun, Yuan Feng, William C. Kisseberth, Carolyn J. Henry, Irene Mok, Susan E. Lana, Kevin Dobbin, Nicole Northrup, Elizabeth W. Howerth, Shaying Zhao, Houjian Cai. Proliferative and invasive colorectal tumors in pet dogs provide unique insights into human colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3 Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR Cancer Res 2019 (13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3712.
Guidelines on common cold for Traditional Chinese Medicine based on pattern differentiation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Inhibitory mechanism of peptides with a repeating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residue pattern on interleukin-10
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-09-2017
Distribution characteristics of Meridian Sinew (Jingjin) syndrome in 313 cases of whiplash-associated disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11655-014-1955-7
Abstract: To investigate and analyze the characteristics of Meridian Sinew (Jingjin) syndrome in patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). From August 2010 to September 2011, 313 WAD cases from New York and California states were collected. The survey mostly collects the information of "Sinew Knotted Points" and symptoms of four types of Meridian Sinew differentiation-Taiyang, Shaoyin, Shaoyang and Yangming. Among the cases which are on the average of medium injury level, the higher frequency of "Sinew Knotted Points" tenderness were found on Jianwaishu (SI 14), Jianzhongshu (SI 15), Tianchuang (SI 16), C3-6 Spinous Process, Dazhui (GV 14), Fengchi (GB 20), Tianliao (SJ 15) and Tianding (LI 17). The most commonly presented symptoms were widespread spasm and tenderness in the neck (Taiyang), difficulty in lateral flexion (Shaoyang), problems of extension and flexion (Taiyang), and stiffness and pain during neck movement (Yangming). Among the cases, 237 cases (75.72%) were related to Taiyang Meridian Sinew syndrome, 82 cases (26.20%) to Shaoyin syndrome and 175 (55.91%) and 176 (56.23%) cases to Shaoyang and Yangming syndrome respectively. The most of cases presented in a combination format. The syndrome distribution under Grade I, II and III reflected that more combination of the Meridian Sinew syndromes in the whiplash injury patients which is resulted from more severity of injury. It is practical to identify the location of abnormality through Meridian Sinew differentiation, considering both "Sinew Knotted Points" tenderness and corresponding symptoms, for the local neck symptoms of WAD.
Experimental study on the thermal decomposition of 2H-heptafluoropropane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
A Theoretical Study of the Cyclization Processes of Energized CCCSi and CCCP
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-11-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JP807403S
Abstract: Calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory have shown that cyclization of both the ground state triplet and the corresponding singlet state of CCCSi may rearrange to give cyclic isomers which upon ring opening may reform linear C(3)Si isomers in which the carbon atoms are scrambled. The cyclization processes are energetically favorable with barriers to the transition states from 13 to 16 kcal mol(-1). This should be contrasted with the analogous process of triplet CCCC to triplet rhombic C(4), which requires an excess energy of 25.8 kcal mol(-1). A similar cyclization of doublet CCCP requires 50.4 kcal mol(-1) of excess energy this should be contrasted with the same process for CCCN, which requires 54.7 kcal mol(-1) to effect cyclization.
Multiomics analysis of the giant triton snail salivary gland, a crown-of-thorns starfish predator
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-05974-X
Abstract: The giant triton snail ( Charonia tritonis ) is one of the few natural predators of the adult Crown-of-Thorns starfish (COTS), a corallivore that has been damaging to many reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Charonia species have large salivary glands (SGs) that are suspected to produce either a venom and/or sulphuric acid which can immobilize their prey and neutralize the intrinsic toxic properties of COTS. To date, there is little information on the types of toxins produced by tritons. In this paper, the predatory behaviour of the C. tritonis is described. Then, the C. tritonis SG, which itself is made up of an anterior lobe (AL) and posterior lobe (PL), was analyzed using an integrated transcriptomics and proteomics approach, to identify putative toxin- and feeding-related proteins. A de novo transcriptome database and in silico protein analysis predicts that ~3800 proteins have features consistent with being secreted. A gland-specific proteomics analysis confirmed the presence of numerous SG-AL and SG-PL proteins, including those with similarity to cysteine-rich venom proteins. Sulfuric acid biosynthesis enzymes were identified, specific to the SG-PL. Our analysis of the C. tritonis SG (AL and PL) has provided a deeper insight into the biomolecular toolkit used for predation and feeding by C. tritonis .
Ionotropic Receptors Identified within the Tentacle of the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria glabrata, an Intermediate Host of Schistosoma mansoni
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-06-2016
Biomolecular changes that occur in the antennal gland of the giant freshwater prawn (Machrobrachium rosenbergii)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-06-2017
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