ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9749-7065
Current Organisations
University College London
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University of South Australia
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Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-022-05398-2
Abstract: Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a erse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication health systems vaccination prevention treatment and care and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches 1 , while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach 2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities 3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with % disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research
Date: 16-12-2022
Abstract: The editorial looks back at the journal in 2022 and forward to 2023. For this editorial, we analysed all ‘Notes for Practice’ published in the journal from when they first appeared in issue 5(1) to the end of November, 2022. Our goals were to examine critically the ways in which these notes have been used to foster collaboration between researchers and practitioners, and also to summarise key findings that practitioners can use to inform their work. Our analysis covers 434 Notes for Practice from 130 different papers. The full dataset used for this analysis is provided as a supplementary file.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJET.13341
Abstract: This paper discusses a three‐level model that synthesizes and unifies existing learning theories to model the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting learning processes. The model, drawn from developmental psychology, computational biology, instructional design, cognitive science, complexity and sociocultural theory, includes a causal learning mechanism that explains how learning occurs and works across micro, meso and macro levels. The model also explains how information gained through learning is aggregated, or brought together, as well as dissipated, or released and used within and across the levels. Fourteen roles for AI in education are proposed, aligned with the model's features: four roles at the in idual or micro level, four roles at the meso level of teams and knowledge communities and six roles at the macro level of cultural historical activity. Implications for research and practice, evaluation criteria and a discussion of limitations are included. Armed with the proposed model, AI developers can focus their work with learning designers, researchers and practitioners to leverage the proposed roles to improve in idual learning, team performance and building knowledge communities. What is already known about this topic Numerous learning theories exist with significant cross‐over of concepts, duplication and redundancy in terms and structure that offer partial explanations of learning. Frameworks concerning learning have been offered from several disciplines such as psychology, biology and computer science but have rarely been integrated or unified. Rethinking learning theory for the age of artificial intelligence (AI) is needed to incorporate computational resources and capabilities into both theory and educational practices. What this paper adds A three‐level theory (ie, micro, meso and macro) of learning that synthesizes and unifies existing theories is proposed to enhance computational modelling and further develop the roles of AI in education. A causal model of learning is defined, drawing from developmental psychology, computational biology, instructional design, cognitive science and sociocultural theory, which explains how learning occurs and works across the levels. The model explains how information gained through learning is aggregated, or brought together, as well as dissipated, or released and used within and across the levels. Fourteen roles for AI in education are aligned with the model's features: four roles at the in idual or micro level, four roles at the meso level of teams and knowledge communities and six roles at the macro level of cultural historical activity. Implications for practice and policy Researchers may benefit from referring to the new theory to situate their work as part of a larger context of the evolution and complexity of in idual and organizational learning and learning systems. Mechanisms newly discovered and explained by future researchers may be better understood as contributions to a common framework unifying the scientific understanding of learning theory.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: ACM
Date: 23-03-2020
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research
Date: 30-08-2023
Abstract: NA
Publisher: ACM
Date: 13-03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA06520J
Abstract: The surface of the nanoparticle-templated membranes formed the root-like structure which could provide more rapid nanochannels for water molecules transport.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/WIDM.1479
Abstract: The advent of technological developments is allowing to gather large amounts of data in several research fields. Learning analytics (LA)/educational data mining has access to big observational unstructured data captured from educational settings and relies mostly on unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms to make sense of such type of data. Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) are a supervised statistical learning framework that allows modeling all the parameters of the distribution of the response variable with respect to the explanatory variables. This article overviews the power and flexibility of GAMLSS in relation to some ML techniques. Also, GAMLSS' capability to be tailored toward causality via causal regularization is briefly commented. This overview is illustrated via a data set from the field of LA. This article is categorized under: Application Areas Education and Learning Algorithmic Development Statistics Technologies Machine Learning
Publisher: ACM
Date: 23-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: ACM Press
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PPUL.24626
Abstract: Pneumonia is a leading killer of children under-5 years, with a high burden in Nigeria. We aimed to quantify the regional burden and risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and specifically the states of Lagos and Jigawa. We conducted a scoping literature search for studies of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in under-5 children in Nigeria from 10th December 2018 to 26th April 2019, searching: Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included grey literature from stakeholders' websites and information shared by organizations working in Nigeria. We conducted multivariable logistic regression using the 2016 to 2017 Multiple Cluster Indicators Survey data set to explore factors associated with pneumonia. Descriptive analyses of datasets from 2010 to 2019 was done to estimate trends in mortality, morbidity, and vaccination coverage. We identified 25 relevant papers (10 from Jigawa, 8 from Lagos, and 14 national data). None included data on pneumonia or acute respiratory tract infection burden in the health system, inpatient case-fatality rates, severity, or age-specific pneumonia mortality rates at state level. Secondary data analysis found that no household or caregiver socioeconomic indicators were consistently associated with self-reported symptoms of cough and/or difficulty breathing, and seasonality was inconsistently associated, dependant on region. There is a clear evidence gap around the burden of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and challenges with the interpretation of existing household survey data. Improved survey approaches are needed to understand the risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, alongside the need for investment in reliable routine data systems to provide data on the clinical pneumonia burden in Nigeria.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/BJET.13218
Abstract: Technological affordances have shown promising potential in advancing the delivery of corporate learning programmes designed for professional leadership development. However, there is a considerable challenge in evaluating learners' skill acquisition, with most of the past research relying on pre‐ and post‐tests or other forms of self‐reports to measure leadership development. In that sense, these approaches measure leadership development before and after the programme, while being inefficient for measuring the development during the learning process. This study collected self‐reflection answers from a professional development MOOC that allows learners to express their stepwise learning and reflect on their professional experience on leadership fronts. We developed a novel methodology and an automated system for the evaluation of leadership skills' mastery based on the depth of reflection exhibited during the learning process. We identified four groups of learners based on their course content mastery and explored the differences within groups. The results also highlight relevant insights about instructional design and provide promising avenues for future research. What is already known about this topic Professional leadership programmes have become increasingly common in workplace learning. Programmes mainly use manual/introspective measures to assess skill acquisition. What this paper adds An automated assessment system to evaluate leadership skill mastery. Evidence‐based and leadership driven inferences about skill acquisition. Use of a novel multidisciplinary methodology for complex skills assessment. Implications of practice and/or policy Assessing leadership development should include more than course grades. Assessing differences in content mastery requires evaluation of various skills. Developed assessment system provides promise for other similar domains.
Publisher: ACM Press
Date: 2016
Publisher: ACM
Date: 13-03-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JCAL.12829
Abstract: Maintaining cohesion is critical for teams to achieve shared goals and performance outcomes within a work‐integrated learning (WIL) environment. Cohesion is an emergent state that develops over time, representing the synchrony of different behavioural interactions. Cohesive teams will exhibit such phenomena by their temporal coordination of micro‐level relations. The primary aim of this study is to examine the cohesion of teams in learning environments using a learning analytics approach. This study examines teams from higher education who participate in a WIL environment platform working in teams to develop their collaborative problem‐solving skills. Here we show that temporal network motifs can be used as a proxy to measure cohesion. We illustrate three clusters represented by team learning behaviours and found that each cluster has distinctive interactions with learning resources, performance outcomes, temporal network motif group characteristics and emergence over time using learning analytics. Applying temporal motifs as an analytics‐based measure of cohesion is a starting point for understanding how cohesion develops over time without relying on surveys. We anticipate that the same approaches can be applied in most learning management systems containing trace data of teams and their interactions with learning resources to understand cohesion.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 23-03-2020
DOI: 10.1145/3375462
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: ACM Press
Date: 2017
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 13-07-2020
DOI: 10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.16123.1
Abstract: We argue that predictions of a ‘tsunami’ of mental health problems as a consequence of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the lockdown are overstated feelings of anxiety and sadness are entirely normal reactions to difficult circumstances, not symptoms of poor mental health. Some people will need specialised mental health support, especially those already leading tough lives we need immediate reversal of years of underfunding of community mental health services. However, the disproportionate effects of COVID-19 on the most disadvantaged, especially BAME people placed at risk by their social and economic conditions, were entirely predictable. Mental health is best ensured by urgently rebuilding the social and economic supports stripped away over the last decade. Governments must pump funds into local authorities to rebuild community services, peer support, mutual aid and local community and voluntary sector organisations. Health care organisations must tackle racism and discrimination to ensure genuine equal access to universal health care. Government must replace highly conditional benefit systems by something like a universal basic income. All economic and social policies must be subjected to a legally binding mental health audit. This may sound unfeasibly expensive, but the social and economic costs, not to mention the costs in personal and community suffering, though often invisible, are far greater.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
Publisher: ACM
Date: 16-03-2015
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJPO-2022-001640
Abstract: To estimate the point prevalence of pneumonia and malnutrition and explore associations with household socioeconomic factors. Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in January–June 2021 among a random s le of households across all villages in the study area. Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa state, Nigeria. Children aged 0–59 months who were permanent residents in Kiyawa and present at home at the time of the survey. Pneumonia (non-severe and severe) defined using WHO criteria (2014 revision) in children aged 0–59 months. Malnutrition (moderate and severe) defined using mid-upper arm circumference in children aged 6–59 months. 9171 children were assessed, with a mean age of 24.8 months (SD=15.8) 48.7% were girls. Overall pneumonia (severe or non-severe) point prevalence was 1.3% (n=121/9171) 0.6% (n=55/9171) had severe pneumonia. Using an alternate definition that did not rely on caregiver-reported cough/difficult breathing revealed higher pneumonia prevalence (n=258, 2.8%, 0.6% severe, 2.2% non-severe). Access to any toilet facility was associated with lower odds of pneumonia (aOR: 0.56 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.01). The prevalence of malnutrition (moderate or severe) was 15.6% (n=1239/7954) with 4.1% (n=329/7954) were severely malnourished. Being older (aOR: 0.22 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.27), male (aOR: 0.77 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.91) and having head of compound a business owner or professional (vs subsistence farmer, aOR 0.71 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.90) were associated with lower odds of malnutrition. In this large, representative community-based survey, there was a considerable pneumonia and malnutrition morbidity burden. We noted challenges in the diagnosis of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness-defined pneumonia in this context.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-06-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JCAL.12107
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: ACM Press
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-058901
Abstract: The aim of this evaluation is to understand whether introducing stabilisation rooms equipped with pulse oximetry and oxygen systems to frontline health facilities in Ikorodu, Lagos State, alongside healthcare worker (HCW) training improves the quality of care for children with pneumonia aged 0–59 months. We will explore to what extent, how, for whom and in what contexts the intervention works. Quasi-experimental time-series impact evaluation with embedded mixed-methods process and economic evaluation. Setting: seven government primary care facilities, seven private health facilities, two government secondary care facilities. Target population: children aged 0–59 months with clinically diagnosed pneumonia and/or suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Intervention: ‘stabilisation rooms’ within participating primary care facilities in Ikorodu local government area, designed to allow for short-term oxygen delivery for children with hypoxaemia prior to transfer to hospital, alongside HCW training on integrated management of childhood illness, pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy, immunisation and nutrition. Secondary facilities will also receive training and equipment for oxygen and pulse oximetry to ensure minimum standard of care is available for referred children. Primary outcome: correct management of hypoxaemic pneumonia including administration of oxygen therapy, referral and presentation to hospital. Secondary outcome: 14-day pneumonia case fatality rate. Evaluation period: August 2020 to September 2022. Ethical approval from University of Ibadan, Lagos State and University College London. Ongoing engagement with government and other key stakeholders during the project. Local dissemination events will be held with the State Ministry of Health at the end of the project (December 2022). We will publish the main impact results, process evaluation and economic evaluation results as open-access academic publications in international journals. ACTRN12621001071819 Registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 03-03-2021
Abstract: Discussion forums are the primary medium for supporting in-course student interactions in digital learning settings. Despite the significant uptake of discussion forums, questions remain as to how the tool can be used to initiate, maintain, and support interpersonal student connections. Large-scale patterns of student online interactions in forums derived from across the university are under-explored. Most studies have relied on data derived from a single course. This study presents a multi-site analysis of student interactions in online course forums at the university-level. Digital interactions of 14,643 students were analysed across several years in three universities located in the North American, South-East Asian, and Pacific regions. Descriptive results indicate that students with similar grades tend to co-participate in learning discussions. We applied exponential random graph modelling and regression analysis to further understand this observed similarity. Results suggest that this phenomenon can be explained by social processes of selection only to a small extent, and even less so by peer influence mechanisms. The study suggests that occurrence of similarity stems from other factors, such as course and forum designs. The implications of these results raise questions regarding learning designs and the benefits linked to the formation of student connections based on grade similarity.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 10-11-0003
Publisher: ACM
Date: 13-03-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-0004
DOI: 10.1111/BJET.12277
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: ACM
Date: 25-04-2016
Publisher: The Online Learning Consortium
Date: 03-2018
Abstract: Dual-layer MOOCs are an educational framework designed to create customizable modality pathways through a learning experience. The basic premise is to design two framework choices through a course - one that is instructor guided and the other that is student-determined and open. Learners have the option to create their own customized pathway by choosing or combining both modalities as they see fit at any given time in the course. This mixed-methods study sought to understand the patterns that learners engaged in during a course designed with this pathway framework. The results of the quantitative examination of the course activity are presented, as well as the categories and themes that arose from the qualitative research. The results of the analysis indicates that learners value the ability to choose the pathway that they engage the course in. Additional research is needed to improve the technical and design aspects of the framework.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 12-04-2017
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 21-04-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.21.21255772
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global oxygen system deficiencies and revealed gaps in how we understand and measure “oxygen access”. We present a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria. We found large differences in oxygen access between facilities (primary vs secondary, government vs private) and describe four key domains to consider when measuring oxygen access. 8/58 (14%) of facilities had a functional pulse oximeter for detecting hypoxaemia (low blood oxygen level) and guiding oxygen care. Oximeters were typically located in outpatient clinics (12/27, 44%), paediatric ward (6/27, 22%), or operating theatre (4/27, 15%), not suitable for children, and infrequently used. 34/58 (59%) facilities had a functional source of oxygen available on the day of inspection, of which 31 (91%) facilities had it available in a single ward area, typically the operating theatre or maternity ward. Oxygen was free to patients at primary health centres, when available, but expensive in hospitals and private facilities, with the median cost for 2 days oxygen 13000 ($36 USD) and 27500 ($77 USD) naira, respectively. No facilities were adequately equipped to meet minimum oxygen demands for patients. We were unable to determine the proportion of hypoxaemic patients who received oxygen therapy with available data. We highlight the importance of a multi-faceted approach to measuring oxygen access that assesses access at the point-of-care, and ideally at the patient-level. We propose standard metrics to report oxygen access and describe how these can be integrated into routine health information systems and existing health facility assessment tools. Oxygen access is poorly understood and the most commonly used metrics (e.g. presence of an oxygen source) do not correlate well with actual access to patients. Pulse oximetry use is a critical indicator for the quality of oxygen services and may be a reasonable reflection of oxygen coverage to patients with hypoxaemia. Oxygen, and pulse oximeter, availability must be assessed at the point-of-care in all major service delivery areas, as intra-facility oxygen distribution is highly inequitable. Minimum functional requirements for oxygen sources must be assessed, as many oxygen concentrators and cylinders may be present without being in working order.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 21-03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-0012
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: SOLAR
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.18608/HLA22.011
Abstract: The broadening adoption of technology enhanced learning environments has substantially altered the manner in which educational communication takes place, with most people engaging in some form of online asynchronous or synchronous conversation every day. The language and discourse artifacts emerging from these technological environments is a rich source of information into learning processes and outcomes. This chapter describes the current landscape of natural language processing (NLP) tools and approaches available to researchers and practitioners to computationally discern patterns in large quantities of text-based conversations that take place across a variety of educational technology platforms. The capabilities of NLP are particularly important as, in the field of learning analytics, we desire to effectively and efficiently learn about the process of learning by observing learners, and then subsequently use that information to improve learning. We conclude the chapter with a discussion around the emerging applications (i.e., sensing technologies, breakthroughs in AI, and cloud computing) and challenges of NLP tools to educational discourse.
Publisher: Athabasca University Press
Date: 11-07-2018
DOI: 10.19173/IRRODL.V19I3.3370
Abstract: The capacity to foster interpersonal interactions in massive open online courses (MOOCs) has frequently been contested, particularly when learner interactions are limited to MOOC forums. The establishment of social presence—a perceived sense of somebody being present and “real”—is among the strategies to tackle the challenges of online learning and could be applied in MOOCs. Thus far, social presence in MOOCs has been under-researched. Studies that previously examined social presence in MOOCs did not account for the peculiar nature of open online learning. In contrast to the existing work, this study seeks to understand how learners perceive social presence, and the different nuances of social presence in erse MOOC populations. In particular, we compare perceptions of social presence across the groups of learners with different patterns of forum participation in three edX MOOCs. The findings reveal substantial differences in how learners with varying forum activity perceive social presence. Perceptions of social presence also differed in courses with the varying volume of forum interaction and duration. Finally, learners with sustained forum activity generally reported higher social presence scores that included low affectivity and strong group cohesion perceptions. With this in mind, this study is significant because of the insights into brings to the current body of knowledge around social presence in MOOCs. The study’s findings also raise questions about the effectiveness of transferring existing socio-constructivist constructs into the MOOC contexts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJGH-2021-005770
Abstract: For over 60 years, Colombia has endured violent civil conflict forcibly displacing more than 8 million people. Recent efforts have begun to explore mental health consequences of these contexts, with an emphasis on national surveys. To date few Colombian studies explore mental health and well-being from a lived experience perspective. Those that do, overlook processes that enable survival. In response to this gap, we conducted a life history study of seven internally displaced Colombian women in the Cundinamarca department, analysing 18 interview sessions and 36 hours of transcripts. A thematic network analysis, informed by Latin-American perspectives on gender and critical resilience frameworks, explored women’s coping strategies in response to conflict-driven hardships related to mental well-being. Analysis illuminated that: (1) the gendered impacts of the armed conflict on women’s emotional well-being work through exacerbating historical gendered violence and inequality, intensifying existing emotional health challenges, and (2) coping strategies reflect women’s ability to mobilise cognitive, bodied, social, material and symbolic power and resources. Our findings highlight that the sociopolitical contexts of women’s lives are inseparable from their efforts to achieve mental well-being, and the value of deep narrative and historical work to capturing the complexity of women’s experiences within conflict settings. We suggest the importance of social interventions to support the mental health of women in conflict settings, in order to centre the social and political contexts faced by such marginalised groups within efforts to improve mental health.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JCAL.12614
Abstract: The COVID‐19 outbreak came with an unprecedented opportunity to investigate how the new reality of social distancing and limited international travel will affect the organization of academic conferences. Drawing on conceptualization of academic conferences as professional learning spaces, in this study, we examine the factors associated with the perceived value of purely virtual academic conferences and how such perceptions differ between participants from different research fields. The aim was to gain knowledge about factors that should be considered when designing a virtual conference. Survey data from participants of three different virtual conferences were collected ( N = 311). Kendall's rank correlation and χ 2 ‐analyses were performed. Results show satisfaction with social interaction, the extent to which presentations met participants' topics of interest and the perceived importance of learning and getting an overview on the research topic to be related to the value rating. Researchers from different research fields differ significantly in their opinion about the most appropriate conference format regarding getting an overview on the research topic. For some researchers, virtual participation might be a valuable alternative to attending a conference in person. The study serves as a first attempt to understand how and for which target groups virtual conferences serve as a valuable learning event. Further research on this conference format is needed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJGH-2021-006069
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global oxygen system deficiencies and revealed gaps in how we understand and measure ‘oxygen access’. We present a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria. We found large differences in oxygen access between facilities (primary vs secondary, government vs private) and describe three key domains to consider when measuring oxygen access: availability, cost, use. Of 58 facilities surveyed, 8 (14%) of facilities had a functional pulse oximeter. Oximeters (N=27) were typically located in outpatient clinics (12/27, 44%), paediatric ward (6/27, 22%) or operating theatre (4/27, 15%). 34/58 (59%) facilities had a functional source of oxygen available on the day of inspection, of which 31 (91%) facilities had it available in a single ward area, typically the operating theatre or maternity ward. Oxygen services were free to patients at primary health centres, when available, but expensive in hospitals and private facilities, with the median cost for 2 days oxygen 13 000 (US$36) and 27 500 (US$77) Naira, respectively. We obtained limited data on the cost of oxygen services to facilities. Pulse oximetry use was low in secondary care facilities (32%, 21/65 patients had SpO 2 documented) and negligible in private facilities (2%, 3/177) and primary health centres ( %, 2/608). We were unable to determine the proportion of hypoxaemic patients who received oxygen therapy with available data. However, triangulation of existing data suggested that no facilities were equipped to meet minimum oxygen demands. We highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach to measuring oxygen access that assesses access at the point-of-care and ideally at the patient-level. We propose standard metrics to report oxygen access and describe how these can be integrated into routine health information systems and existing health facility assessment tools.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 21-04-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PPUL.24607
Abstract: Interventions to reduce pneumonia mortality exist however, stakeholder engagement is needed to prioritize these. We explored erse stakeholder opinions on current policy challenges and priorities for pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria. We conducted a mixed-methods study, with a web-survey and semi-structured interviews, to explore stakeholder roles, policy barriers, opportunities, and priorities. Web-survey participants were identified through stakeholder mapping, including researchers' networks, academic and grey literature, and "Every Breath Counts" coalition membership. Stakeholders included actors involved in pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria from non-governmental, government, academic, civil society, private, and professional organizations. Stakeholder interviews were conducted with local government, healthcare managers, professional associations, and local leaders in Lagos and Jigawa states. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic framework. Of 111 stakeholders, 38 (34%) participated in the web-survey and 18 stakeholder interviews were conducted. Four thematic areas emerged: current policy, systems barriers, intervention priorities, and ch ions. Interviewees reported a lack of pneumonia-specific policies, despite acknowledging guidelines had been adopted in their settings. Barriers to effective pneumonia management were seen at all levels of the system, from the community to healthcare to policy, with key issues of resourcing and infrastructure. Intervention priorities were the strengthening of community knowledge and improving case management, focused on primary care. While stakeholders identified several key actors for pediatric pneumonia, they also highlighted a lack of ch ions. Consistent messages emerged to prioritize community and primary care initiatives, alongside improved access to oxygen, and pulse oximetry. There is a need for clear pneumonia policies, and support for adoption at a state level.
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research
Date: 18-02-2015
Abstract: With the widespread adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and other learning technology, large amounts of data – commonly known as trace data – are being recorded and are readily accessible to educational researchers. Among different uses of trace data, it has been extensively used to calculate time that students spent on different learning activities – commonly referred to as student time-on-task. Extracted time-on-task measures are then used to build predictive models of student learning in order to understand and improve learning processes. While time-on-task measures have been extensively used in Learning Analytics research, the details of their estimation are rarely described and the consequences that this process entails are not fully examined.This paper presents findings from two experiments that looked at the different time-on-task estimation methods and how they influence the final research findings. Based on modeling different student performance measures with popular statistical methods in two datasets (one online and one blended), our findings indicate that time-on-task estimation methods play an important role in shaping the final study results. This is particularly true for online setting where the amount of interaction with LMS is typically higher. The primary goal of this paper is to raise awareness and initiate a debate on the important issue of time-on-task estimation within a broader learning analytics community. Finally, the paper provides an overview of commonly adopted time-on-task estimation methods in educational and related research fields.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 24-09-2016
Abstract: In recent years, a wide array of tools have emerged for the purposes of conducting educational data mining (EDM) and/or learning analytics (LA) research. In this article, we hope to highlight some of the most widely used, most accessible, and most powerful tools available for the researcher interested in conducting EDM/LA research. We will highlight the utility that these tools have with respect to common data preprocessing and analysis steps in a typical research project as well as more descriptive information such as price point and user-friendliness. We will also highlight niche tools in the field, such as those used for Bayesian knowledge tracing (BKT), data visualization, text analysis, and social network analysis. Finally, we will discuss the importance of familiarizing oneself with multiple tools—a data analysis toolbox—for the practice of EDM/LA research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.16935
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-03-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PGPH.0001462
Abstract: Child health indicators in Northern Nigeria remain low. The bidirectional association between child health and maternal well-being is also poorly understood. We aim to describe the association between recent child illness, socio-demographic factors and maternal mental well-being in Jigawa State, Nigeria. We analysed a cross-sectional household survey conducted in Kiyawa local government area, Jigawa State, from January 2020 to March 2020 amongst women aged 16–49 with at least one child under-5 years. We used two-stage random s ling. First, we used systematic random s ling of compounds, with the number of compounds based on the size of the community. The second stage used simple random s ling to select one eligible woman per compound. Mental well-being was assessed using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Score (SWEMWBS). We used linear regression to estimate associations between recent child illness, care-seeking and socio-demographic factors, and mental well-being. Overall 1,661 eligible women were surveyed, and 8.5% had high mental well-being (metric score of 25.0–35.0) and 29.5% had low mental well-being (metric score of 7.0–17.9). Increasing wealth quintile (adj coeff: 1.53 95% CI: 0.91–2.15) not being a subsistence farmer (highest adj coeff: 3.23 95% CI: 2.31–4.15) and having a sick child in the last 2-weeks (adj coeff: 1.25 95% CI: 0.73–1.77) were significantly associated with higher mental well-being. Higher levels of education and increasing woman’s age were significantly associated with lower mental well-being. Findings contradicted our working hypothesis that a recently sick child would be associated with lower mental well-being. We were surprised that education and late marriage, which are commonly attributed to women’s empowerment and autonomy, were not linked to better well-being here. Future work could focus on locally defined tools to measure well-being reflecting the norms and values of communities, ensuring solutions that are culturally acceptable and desirable to women with low mental well-being are initiated.
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research
Date: 05-11-2021
Abstract: One of the major factors affecting student learning is feedback. Although the importance of feedback has been recognized in educational institutions, dramatic changes - such as bigger class sizes and a more erse student population - challenged the provision of effective feedback. In light of these changes, educators have increasingly been using new digital tools to provide student feedback, given the broader adoption and availability of these new technologies. However, despite these efforts, most educators have limited insight into the recipience of their feedback and wonder which students engage with feedback. This problem is referred to as the "feedback gap," which is the difference between the potential and actual use of feedback, preventing educators and instructional designers from understanding feedback recipience among students. In this study, a set of trackable call-to-action (CTA) links were embedded in feedback messages focused on learning processes and self-regulation of learning in one fully online marketing course and one blended bioscience course. These links helped us examine the association between feedback engagement and course success. We also conducted two focus groups with students from one of the courses to further examine student perceptions of feedback messages. Our results across both courses revealed that early engagement with feedback is positively associated with passing the course and that most students considered feedback messages helpful in their learning. Our study also found some interesting demographic differences between students regarding their engagement with the feedback messages. Such insight enables instructors to ask "why" questions, support students' learning, improve feedback processes, and narrow the gap between potential and actual use of feedback. The practical implications of our findings are further discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PPUL.24620
Abstract: Appropriate and timely care seeking can reduce pneumonia deaths, but are influenced by caregivers and community norms of health and illness. We explore caregiver and community perceptions, and care-seeking experience, of childhood pneumonia, to understand contexts that drive pediatric service uptake in Nigeria. Community group discussions and qualitative interviews with caregivers in Lagos and Jigawa states were completed between 1 November 2018 and 31 May 2019. Participants were recruited from purposively s led health facility catchment areas with assistance from facility staff. We used episodic interviews, asking caregivers (Jigawa = 20 Lagos = 15) to recount specific events linked to quests for therapy. Community group discussions (n = 3) used four vignettes from real pneumonia cases to frame a discussion around community priorities for healthcare and community-led activities to improve child survival. Data were analyzed using the framework method. We found poor knowledge of pneumonia-specific symptoms and risk factors among caregivers and community members, with many attributing pneumonia to cold air exposure. Interviews highlighted that care-seeking decision making involved both husbands and wives, but men often made final decisions. In Lagos, older female relatives also shaped quests for therapy. Cost was a major consideration. In both states, there were accounts of dissatisfaction with health workers' attitudes and a general acceptance of vaccination services. There is a need for community-based approaches to improve caregiver knowledge and care seeking for under-five children with pneumonia. Messaging should attend to knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, family dynamics, and community responsibilities in healthcare service delivery and utilization.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 07-03-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PPUL.24660
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research
Date: 03-09-2021
Abstract: Over the past decade, the increasing use of learning analytics opened the possibility of making data-driven decisions for improving student learning. Driven by the strong university adoption of learning analytics, most early learning analytics research focused on issues specific to tertiary education. With the broader adoption of educational technologies in primary and secondary education and the emergence of new classroom-focused technologies, there has been a growing awareness of the potentials of learning analytics for supporting students and diagnosing their learning progress in pre-university contexts. This special section focused on investigating, developing, and evaluating state-of-the-art learning analytics approaches within primary and secondary school settings. In this editorial, we summarize the papers of the special section and discuss the challenges and opportunities for learning analytics within the school context. We conclude with the discussion around the opportunities for future work and the implications of this special section for the field of learning analytics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 24-06-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-584049/V1
Abstract: Background Child mortality remains unacceptably high, with Northern Nigeria reporting some of the highest rates globally (e.g. 192/1000 live births in Jigawa State). Coverage of key protect and prevent interventions, such as vaccination and clean cooking fuel use, are low. Additionally, knowledge, care-seeking and health system factors are poor. Therefore, a whole systems approach is needed for sustainable reductions in child mortality. Methods This is a cluster randomised controlled trial, with integrated process and economic evaluations, conducted from January 2021 – September 2022. The trial will be conducted in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria, with an estimated population of 230,000. Clusters are defined as primary government health facility catchment areas (n=33). The 33 clusters will be randomly allocated (1:1) in a public ceremony, and 32 clusters included in the impact evaluation. The trial will evaluate a locally adapted ‘whole systems strengthening’ package of three evidence-based methods: community men’s and women’s groups Partnership Defined Quality Scorecard healthcare worker training, mentorship and provision of basic essential equipment and commodities. The primary outcome is mortality of children aged 7 days to 59 months. Mortality will be recorded prospectively using a cohort design, and secondary outcomes measured through baseline and endline cross-sectional surveys. Assuming the following, we will have a minimum detectable effect size of 30%: a) baseline mortality of 100 per 1000 livebirths b) 4,480 compounds with 3 eligible children per compound c) 80% power d) 5% significance e) intra-cluster correlation of 0.007 f) coefficient of variance of cluster size of 0.74. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat, comparing intervention and control clusters, adjusting for compound and trial clustering. Discussion This study will provide robust evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community-based participatory learning and action, with integrated health system strengthening and accountability mechanisms, to reduce child mortality. The ethnographic process evaluation will allow for a rich understanding of how the intervention works in this context. However, we encountered a key challenge in calculating the s le size, given the lack of timely and reliable mortality data, and the uncertain impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration ISRCTN 39213655, registered 11 th December 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S13063-021-05859-5
Abstract: Child mortality remains unacceptably high, with Northern Nigeria reporting some of the highest rates globally (e.g. 192/1000 live births in Jigawa State). Coverage of key protect and prevent interventions, such as vaccination and clean cooking fuel use, is low. Additionally, knowledge, care-seeking and health system factors are poor. Therefore, a whole systems approach is needed for sustainable reductions in child mortality. This is a cluster randomised controlled trial, with integrated process and economic evaluations, conducted from January 2021 to September 2022. The trial will be conducted in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria, with an estimated population of 230,000. Clusters are defined as primary government health facility catchment areas ( n = 33). The 33 clusters will be randomly allocated (1:1) in a public ceremony, and 32 clusters included in the impact evaluation. The trial will evaluate a locally adapted ‘whole systems strengthening’ package of three evidence-based methods: community men’s and women’s groups, Partnership Defined Quality Scorecard and healthcare worker training, mentorship and provision of basic essential equipment and commodities. The primary outcome is mortality of children aged 7 days to 59 months. Mortality will be recorded prospectively using a cohort design, and secondary outcomes measured through baseline and endline cross-sectional surveys. Assuming the following, we will have a minimum detectable effect size of 30%: (a) baseline mortality of 100 per 1000 livebirths, (b) 4480 compounds with 3 eligible children per compound, (c) 80% power, (d) 5% significance, (e) intra-cluster correlation of 0.007 and (f) coefficient of variance of cluster size of 0.74. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat, comparing intervention and control clusters, adjusting for compound and trial clustering. This study will provide robust evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community-based participatory learning and action, with integrated health system strengthening and accountability mechanisms, to reduce child mortality. The ethnographic process evaluation will allow for a rich understanding of how the intervention works in this context. However, we encountered a key challenge in calculating the s le size, given the lack of timely and reliable mortality data and the uncertain impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. ISRCTN 39213655 . Registered on 11 December 2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: ACM
Date: 13-03-2017
Publisher: Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR)
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.18608/HLA17.007
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 14-11-2017
Abstract: Despite a surge of empirical work on student participation in online learning environments, the causal links between the learning-related factors and processes with the desired learning outcomes remain unexplored. This study presents a systematic literature review of approaches to model learning in Massive Open Online Courses offering an analysis of learning-related constructs used in the prediction and measurement of student engagement and learning outcome. Based on our literature review, we identify current gaps in the research, including a lack of solid frameworks to explain learning in open online setting. Finally, we put forward a novel framework suitable for open online contexts based on a well-established model of student engagement. Our model is intended to guide future work studying the association between contextual factors (i.e., demographic, classroom, and in idual needs), student engagement (i.e., academic, behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement metrics), and learning outcomes (i.e., academic, social, and affective). The proposed model affords further interstudy comparisons as well as comparative studies with more traditional education models.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S13063-023-07320-1
Abstract: Current debates in Global Health call for expanding methodologies to allow typically silenced voices to contribute to processes of knowledge production and intervention design. Within trial research, this has typically involved small-scale qualitative work, with limited opportunities for citizens to contribute to the structure and nature of the trial. This paper reports on efforts to move past typical formative trial work, through adaptation of community conversations (CCs) methodology, an action-oriented approach that engages large numbers of community members in dialogue. We applied the CC method to explore community perspectives about pneumonia and managing the health of children under-5 in Northern Nigeria to inform our pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a complex intervention to reduce under-5 mortality in Nigeria. We conducted 12 rounds of community conversations with a total of 320 participants, in six administrative wards in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa state, our intervention site. Participants were male and female caregivers of children under five. Conversations were structured around participatory learning and action activities, using drawings and discussion to reduce barriers to entry. During activities participants were placed in subgroups: younger women (18–30 years of age), older women (31–49 years) and men (18 years above). Discussions were conducted over three 2-h sessions, facilitated by community researchers. Following an initial analysis to extract priority issues and perspectives on intervention structure, smaller focus group discussions were completed with participants in five new sites to ensure all 11 administrative wards in our study site contributed to the design. We identified enabling and limiting factors which could shape the future trial implementation, including complex power relationships within households and wider communities shaping women’s health decision-making, and the gendered use of space. We also noted the positive engagement of participants during the CC process, with many participants valuing the opportunity to express themselves in ways they have not been able to in the past. CCs provide a structured approach to deep meaningful engagement of everyday citizens in intervention and trial designs, but require appropriate resources, and commitment to qualitative research in trials. ISRCTN39213655. Registered on 11 December 2019.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-04-2022
Publisher: ACM
Date: 16-03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Rochelle Burgess.