ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7215-9489
Current Organisation
Ambo University College of Medicine and Public Health
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Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-03-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0247945
Abstract: Remaining underweight during Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes and relapse. Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia found that bodyweight not adjusted for height at the start of treatment is associated with poor treatment outcomes. However, the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight change during treatment with treatment outcomes has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the association of BMI at the time of diagnosis and after two months of treatment and TB treatment outcomes. Using an ambi-directional cohort study design (retrospective and prospective), a total of 456 participants were enrolled among 30 randomly selected public health centers residing within six sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using medical chart abstraction and face to face interviews. We compared TB treatment outcomes in persons with a body mass index (BMI) .5kg/m 2 (underweight) versus persons with BMI ≥18.5kg/m 2 (normal or overweight) at treatment initiation and after two months of treatment. Treatment was classified as successful in persons who were free of symptoms and had a negative sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli at the end of the 6-month treatment course. We analysed outcomes using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with 95% CI and p value 0.05. Of enrolled study participants, 184 (40.4%) were underweight and 272 (59.6%) were normal or overweight. Body mass index (BMI ≥18.5kg/m 2 ) at the start and second month of treatment were independent predictors for successful treatment outcome (AOR = 2.15 95% CI: 1.05, 4.39) and (AOR = 3.55 95% CI: 1.29, 9.73), respectively. The probability of treatment success among patients with BMI≥18.5kg/m 2 at the start and second month of treatment was 92.9% and 97.1%, respectively versus 86.5% and 91.7% in patients with BMI .5kg/m 2 . Bodyweight not adjusted for height and change in the bodyweight after the second and sixth months of treatment were not significantly associated with treatment success. In persons treated for TB disease, being underweight at baseline and after two months of treatment was a predictor for unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Nutritional assessment, counselling, and management are important components of TB treatment programs with the potential to improve treatment outcomes.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-03-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0248848
Abstract: Compassionate care is the sensitivity shown by health care providers to understand another person’s suffering and a willingness to help and to promote the well being of that person. Although monitoring of compassionate care is key to ensuring patient-centered care, there is no validated tool in the Ethiopian context that can be applied to measure compassionate care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the structural validity and reliability of the 12-item Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale ® (SCCCS) in the Ethiopian context. The structural validity and reliability of the 12-item Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale ® were investigated in a s le of 423 oncology patients in the adult Oncology department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The internal consistency of the instrument was examined based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the structural validity was evaluated by subjecting the items of the instrument to factor analysis. Statistical analysis was made using SPSS version 23.0. We have found that the Schwartz Center Compassionate Care scale is a two-factor structure (recognizing suffering and acting to relieve suffering). The scale has high overall scale reliability, which was 0.88, and subscale reliability of 0.84 for both recognizing suffering and acting to relieve suffering factors. The Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale has high internal consistency and acceptable structural validity value. The tool can be used to measure compassionate care practice in the Ethiopian context.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2017
Publisher: Juniper Publishers
Date: 24-05-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-08-2020
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem and one of the leading causes of death among infectious diseases. Although TB can be cured with first-line antibiotics treatment of 6 months regimen, non-adherence to the treatment remains the main challenge for TB prevention and control. Interventions to promote adherence need to address multiple underlying factors linked to non-adherence, which requires a synthesis of studies to understand these factors in the local context. Our review accordingly examines these factors for TB treatment in Ethiopia. Methods: Articles were searched from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, as well as manual searches through Google and Google Scholar search engines. Both quantitative and qualitative studies that showed factors associated with or reasons for non-adherence, default or loss to follow up from TB treatment were included. A total of 276 articles were screened, and 29 articles were ultimately included in the review. Findings: The extracted factors were synthesized thematically into seven dimensions of patient-centred, social, economic, health system, therapy, lifestyle, and geographic access factors. More than 20 distinct factors were identified under these headings. Some of these factors may also apply quite widely in other settings, with greater or lesser influence, but some are particularly applicable to the Ethiopian setting. Conclusion: Helping patients to achieve full adherence to TB medication is a complex problem as it is influenced by interplay between many factors. Healthcare managers, providers, and researchers need to consider and address multiple underlying factors when designing adherence interventions. This work provides a reference set of such factors for Ethiopian interventions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-04-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0265523
Abstract: Even though adherence to dietary counselling for patients with diabetes is essential for improving health and preventing complications, access to an adequate and quality diet is challenging for patients living in a food-insecure household. The availability of data in this regard is limited in Ethiopia. Thus, this study assessed the food security status of patients with type 2 diabetes, their adherence to dietary counselling, and contributing factors at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This was a facility-based cross-sectional study among 602 patients with Type 2 diabetes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July to August 2019. Patients were selected randomly after the total number of s les was proportionally allocated to four public hospitals. Relevant information was collected by trained data collectors using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 24 for data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with adherence to dietary counselling. The proportion of nonadherence to dietary counselling among patients with type 2 diabetes was 67.3% (95%CI: 63.5%-71.1%). Nearly half (50.7%) of the respondents were food insecure. Of these, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure were 8.5%, 29.2%, and 13%, respectively. Physical activity (AOR = 1.7 95%CI: 1.1–2.9) diabetes knowledge (AOR = 1.8 95%CI: 1.2–2.6) lack of access to information (AOR = 1.6 95%CI: 1.1–2.6) moderately food insecure (AOR = 2.2 95%CI: 1.3–3.7) and severely food insecure (AOR = 5.6 95%CI: 2.1–15.0) were the major significant factors associated with nonadherence to dietary counselling. Over two-thirds of patients with diabetes did not adhere to dietary counselling, which appears high. As a result, improving diabetes education, information access, and food security status should be considered to ensure dietary counselling adherence among type 2 diabetes patients.
Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
Date: 26-04-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-021-06508-Y
Abstract: To determine the effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on anxiety, depression, and quality of life among breast cancer patients with mental health disorders at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial study was conducted among 114 (n = 57 intervention, and n = 57 control group) breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder at the oncology center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The hospital anxiety and depression measurement scale was used to assess depression and anxiety disorder and a 30-item quality of life questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. General linear model analysis was done, confounding factors were controlled, and p < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Patients in the intervention group showed a significant improvement in the anxiety (coefficient - 3.68 95% CI - 5.67, - 1.69 p < 0.001), depression (coefficient - 3.22 95% CI - 4.7, - 1.69 p < 0.001), physical functioning (coefficient 10.55 95% CI 3.13, 17.98 p = 0.006), health-related quality of life (coefficient 21.85 95% CI 14.1, 29.59 p < 0.001), insomnia (coefficient - 19.56 95% CI - 31.87, - 7.25 p = 0.002), and fatigue (coefficient - 11.37 95% CI - 21.49, - 1.24 p = 0.028) respectively. The adapted Ethiopian version of interpersonal psychotherapy had improved anxiety, depression, and some domains of health-related quality of life. Hence, health programmers should consider incorporating it as a treatment option in oncology centers. PACTR202011629348967 granted on 20 November 2020 which was retrospectively registered.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 04-03-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8032894
Abstract: Background . Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. Objective . The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. Methods . Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot’s spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Q test and I 2 statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations. Results . Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot’s spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot’s spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem ( %). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. Conclusions . Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot’s spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-12-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0261758
Abstract: Non-adherence to Tuberculosis (TB) medication is a serious threat to TB prevention and control programs, especially in resource-limited settings. The growth of the popularity of mobile phones provides opportunities to address non-adherence, by facilitating direct communication more frequently between healthcare providers and patients through SMS texts and voice phone calls. However, the existing evidence is inconsistent about the effect of SMS interventions on TB treatment adherence. Such interventions are also seldom developed based on appropriate theoretical foundations. Therefore, there is a reason to approach this problem more rigorously, by developing the intervention systematically with evidence-based theory and conducting the trial with strong measurement methods. This study is a single-blind parallel-group design in idual randomized control trial. A total of 186 participants (93 per group) will be in idually randomized into one of the two groups with a 1:1 allocation ratio by a computer-generated algorithm. Group one (intervention) participants will receive daily SMS texts and weekly phone calls concerning their daily medication intake and medication refill clinic visit reminder and group two (control) participants will receive the same routine standard treatment care as the intervention group, but no SMS text and phone calls. All participants will be followed for two months of home-based self-administered medication during the continuation phases of the standard treatment period. Urine test for the presence of isoniazid (INH) drug metabolites in urine will be undertaken at the random point at the fourth and eighth weeks of intervention to measure medication adherence. Medication adherence will also be assessed by self-report measurements using the AIDS Clinical Trial Group adherence (ACTG) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) questionnaires, and clinic appointment attendance registration. Multivariable regression model analysis will be employed to assess the effect of the Ma-MAS intervention at a significance level of P-value 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. For this trial, a mobile-assisted medication adherence intervention will first be developed systematically based on the Medical Research Council framework using appropriate behavioural theory and evidence. The trial will then evaluate the effect of SMS texts and phone calls on TB medication adherence. Evidence generated from this trial will be highly valuable for policymakers, program managers, and healthcare providers working in Ethiopia and beyond. The trial is registered in the Pan-Africa Clinical Trials Registry with trial number PACTR202002831201865 .
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 09-06-2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/890202
Abstract: Background . Ethiopia has one of the lowest HIV prevalence rates in East Africa, but there are still more than one million people estimated to be living with HIV in Ethiopia. This study was aimed at assessing the comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior among university students. Methodology . A cross-sectional comparative study was done with quantitative and qualitative data collection with a stratified s ling technique. The quantitative data were edited, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Result . Both comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention method were higher in the intervention group (75.8% and 48.5%) than comparative group (68.6% and 42.5%) which had a significant difference ( P 0.05 ). Life time sexual intercourse was higher in the intervention group (40.8%) as compared to the comparative group (34.6%). But sexual condom utilization in the past 12 months was higher in the intervention group (73.2%) as compared to the comparative group (56.9%) which had a significant difference ( P 0.05 ). Similarly, history of sexual transmitted disease report was higher in the comparative group (6.3%) as compared to the intervention (4.6%). Among sexual experience respondents in the last 12 months, 32% of them in the intervention and 35.5% of them in the comparative group have had multiple sexual partners. Conclusion . The intervention group had higher comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS and condom utilization. But a higher percentage of students were engaged in risky sexual behavior. Therefore, emphasis should be given on designing different strategy to reduce risky sexual behavior and increase comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2018
Location: Ethiopia
Location: Ethiopia
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2021
Funder: Fogarty International Center
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