ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4231-2227
Current Organisation
Griffith University Griffith Health
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Psychology | Developmental Psychology and Ageing | Educational Psychology | Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology | Mental Health | Social and Community Psychology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Mental Health | Expanding Knowledge in Education | Syllabus and Curriculum Development | Moral and Social Development (incl. Affect) |
Related Links
Publications
D-cycloserine-augmented one-session treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/BRB3.984
Treatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2018
Paediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Comorbid Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Clinical Expression and Treatment Response
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-022-01314-X
Abstract: This study explored the expression, occurrence, and treatment outcomes of comorbid body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in 107 youth (7–17 years) seeking treatment for primary obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In the overall s le, appearance anxiety (AA) was positively associated with OCD-related impairment, severity, symptom frequency, comorbid symptoms, and maladaptive emotion regulation. Comorbid BDD occurred in 9.35% of youth, equally affected males and females, and was associated with older age. AA negligibly reduced following treatment. Compared to those without (a) comorbid BDD and (b) without any comorbidity, youth with comorbid BDD reported greater social impairment and reduced global functioning but did not differ on the occurrence of comorbid anxiety and mood disorders. OCD response or remission rates did not differ. In youth with comorbid BDD, AA did not significantly reduce following treatment. Results suggest a more severe expression accompanies comorbid BDD in youth with OCD, with BDD persisting following OCD treatment.
Community Trial of an Evidence-Based Anxiety Intervention for Children and Adolescents (the FRIENDS Program): A Pilot Study
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2005
Abstract: The aim of the current pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of the FRIENDS program (a cognitive–behavioural intervention for children and adolescents with anxiety) within a community-based clinic in Brisbane, Australia. A total of 18 children participated in the study and completed the FRIENDS program at Pathways Health and Research Centre, an innovative research-based psychology clinic for children, adolescents and families. All participants either met criteria for an anxiety disorder ( N = 11) or were experiencing subclinical symptoms of anxiety ( N = 7) before commencing the intervention. Before and following treatment, participants were assessed using a diagnostic interview and completed a number of self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that 73% of the participants who met criteria for an anxiety disorder before the intervention were diagnosis-free following treatment. Positive treatment effects were also found for questionnaire data, indicating that there were significant reductions on self-report levels of anxiety and depression following treatment. The outcome of this research suggests that the FRIENDS program is an effective treatment for children with anxiety, and results from this community trial replicate findings from controlled treatment trials.
Intensive Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.5127/PR.034113
Abstract: Preliminary evidence for the efficacy of intensive treatments for childhood OCD is promising. This is an important area of research as traditional weekly CBT for OCD is costly, time intensive and is often challenging for families to access. This review explores the evidence base for intensive treatments for childhood OCD and following this, provides a description of a novel intensive treatment approach that combines prolonged intensive ERP sessions, similar to the one-session treatment for specific phobia, with CBT delivered over the computer via webcam (W-CBT) for one-month maintenance. Future research directions are also discussed.
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a normative Chinese sample of youth: Prevalence, symptom dimensions, and factor structure of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory - Child Version
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2014.04.004
Abstract: Chinese adolescents face life stresses from multiple sources, with higher levels of stress predictive of adolescent mental health outcomes, including in the area of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Valid assessment of OCD among this age group is therefore a critical need in China. This study aims to standardise the Chinese version of the Leyton short version scale for adolescents of secondary schools in order to assess this condition. Stratified randomly selected adolescents were selected from four high schools located in Beijing, China. The Chinese version of the Leyton scale was administered to 3221 secondary school students aged between 12 and 18 years. A high response rate was achieved, with 3185 adolescents responding to the survey (98.5 percent). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted four factors from the scale: compulsive thoughts, concerns of cleanliness, lucky number, repetitiveness and repeated checking. The four-factor structures were confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Overall the four-factor structure had a good model fit and high levels of reliability for each in idual dimension and reasonable content validity. Invariance analyses in unconstrained, factor loading, and error variance models demonstrated that the Leyton scale is invariant in relation to the presence or absence OCD, age and gender. Discriminant validity analysis demonstrated that the four-factor structure scale also had excellent ability to differentiate between OCD and non-OCD students, male and female students, and age groups. The dataset was a non-clinical s le of high school students, rather than a s le of in iduals with OCD. Future research may examine symptom structure in clinical populations to assess whether this structure fits into both clinical and community population. The structure derived from the Leyton short version scale in a non-clinical secondary school s le of adolescents, suggests that a four-factor solution can be utilised as a screening tool to assess adolescents׳ psychopathological symptoms in the area of OCD in mainland Chinese non-clinical secondary school students.
RANZCP Abstracts
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2022
Comorbidity and treatment response in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study of group cognitive-behavioral treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2012.04.035
Abstract: This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) on treatment outcomes for children and adolescents who presented with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and complex comorbid conditions, including depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Specifically, the impact of comorbidity on treatment response rates and remission rates was examined. Forty-three youth (aged 7-17) with OCD participated in group family-based CBT. Assessments were conducted at pre- and post-treatment and 6 months. Eighty-six percent of youth presented with a secondary psychiatric disorder, and 74% presented with a tertiary psychiatric condition. Contrary to the expected, comorbidity was not associated with poorer treatment outcomes at post-assessment. At longer term follow-up (6 months), however, treatment outcomes were poorer for youth with multiple comorbid conditions and for those with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The finding that group CBT is largely effective for youth with comorbid conditions is of clinical and practical significance. Group delivery of CBT provides an efficient and cost-effective approach, and alleviates strain on services and service providers. Continued efforts are needed to improve long-term outcomes for youth with multiple comorbid conditions and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Examining treatment response as a function of comorbidity with larger clinical s les is important to extend this research.
Thinking about worry: Investigation of the cognitive components of worry in children
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.09.061
Abstract: Despite being extensively studied in adults, investigation of worry and it's associated cognitive variables remains in its infancy in paediatric s les. This study aimed to investigate 1) whether the child cognitive variables of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), positive beliefs about worry (PBW), negative beliefs about worry (NBW), negative problem orientation (NPO) and cognitive avoidance (CA) were associated with child worry, 2) whether parental worry and cognitive variables were associated with child worry, 3) whether the relationship between child and parent worry was mediated by child cognitive variables and 4) whether the relationships between specific parent cognitive factors and child worry were mediated by specific child cognitive factors. Participants were 114 children plus one of their parents. Parents and children completed questionnaires assessing each of the five cognitive variables and worry. When examined together, child NBW and CA significantly predicted child worry. Parent worry, IU and CA were significantly and positively related to child worry. The relationship between parent worry and child worry was mediated by child NBW and CA. The relationship between parent IU, NPO and CA and child worry was mediated by child IU, NPO and CA respectively. Child NBW and CA may be particularly important to child worry and may represent potential treatment targets. Parental worry and cognitive variables may play a role in the development and / or maintenance of child worry.
Difficult-to-treat pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Feasibility and preliminary results of a randomized pilot trial of d-cycloserine-augmented behavior therapy
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 30-05-2013
DOI: 10.1002/DA.22132
Abstract: This study examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of d-cycloserine (DCS)-augmented cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with difficult-to-treat Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, in a double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial (RCT). Seventeen children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) with a primary diagnosis of OCD, which was deemed difficult-to-treat, were randomly assigned to either nine sessions of CBT including five sessions of DCS-augmented exposure and response prevention (ERP) [ERP + DCS] or nine sessions of CBT including five sessions of placebo-augmented ERP [ERP + PBO]. Weight-dependent DCS or placebo doses (25 or 50 mg) were taken 1 hour before ERP sessions. At posttreatment, both groups showed significant improvements with 94% of the entire s le classified as responders. However, a greater improvement in the ERP + DCS relative to the ERP + PBO condition was observed at 1-month follow-up on clinician-rated obsessional severity and diagnostic severity, and parent ratings of OCD severity. There were no changes across time or condition from 1- to 3-month follow-up. In this preliminary study, DCS-augmented ERP produced significant improvements in OCD severity from posttreatment to 1-month follow-up, relative to a placebo control condition, in severe and difficult-to-treat pediatric OCD. The significant effect on obsessional severity suggests that DCS augmentation might be associated with enhanced modification of obsessional thoughts during ERP, and warrants further investigation.
Clinical correlates of obsessive compulsive disorder and comorbid autism spectrum disorder in youth
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Investigation of the cognitive variables associated with worry in children with Generalised Anxiety Disorder and their parents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2015.12.003
Abstract: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), negative beliefs about worry (NBW), positive beliefs about worry (PBW), negative problem orientation (NPO) and cognitive avoidance (CA) have been found to be integral in the conceptualisation of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in adults, yet they have rarely been investigated in children with GAD. This study sought to determine (a) whether IU, NBW, PBW, NPO and CA differ between children diagnosed with GAD and non-anxious children and (b) to examine whether IU, NBW, PBW, NPO and CA differ between parents of children diagnosed with GAD and parents of children without an anxiety disorder. Participants were 50 children (aged 7-12 years), plus one of their parents. The 25 GAD children and 25 non-anxious children were matched on age and gender. Parents and children completed clinical diagnostic interviews, as well as a battery of questionnaires measuring worry, IU, NBW, PBW, NPO and CA. Children with GAD endorsed significantly higher levels of worry, IU, NBW, NPO and CA, but not PBW compared to non-anxious children. Parents of children with GAD did not differ from parents of non-anxious children on any of the variables. The study was limited by it's use of modified adult measures for some variables and a lack of heterogeneity in the s le. The cognitive variables of IU, NBW, NPO and CA may also be important in the conceptualisation and treatment of GAD in children as they are in adults.
Long-term outcomes of an Australian universal prevention trial of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and youth: An evaluation of the friends program
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3503_5
Abstract: This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of the FRIENDS Program in reducing anxiety and depression in a s le of children from Grade 6 and Grade 9 in comparison to a control condition. Longitudinal data for Lock and Barrett's (2003) universal prevention trial is presented, along with data from 12-month follow-up to 24- and 36-month follow-up. Results of this study indicate that intervention reductions in anxiety reported in Lock and Barrett were maintained for students in Grade 6, with the intervention group reporting significantly lower ratings of anxiety at long-term follow-up. A significant Time x Intervention Group x Gender Effect on Anxiety was found, with girls in the intervention group reporting significantly lower anxiety at 12-month and 24-month follow-up but not at 36-month follow-up in comparison to the control condition. Results demonstrated a prevention effect with significantly fewer high-risk students at 36-month follow-up in the intervention condition than in the control condition. Results are discussed within the context of prevention research.
Cognitive–behavioral treatment of childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder in community-based clinical practice: clinical significance and benchmarking against efficacy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAT.2010.01.004
Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of evidence-based (EB) manualized, cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), when delivered in an outpatient community-based specialist clinic. This study, conducted in an outpatient private clinic in South-East Queensland Australia, involved thirty-three children and adolescents with OCD. Children were assessed at pre- and post-treatment, by means of diagnostic interviews, symptom severity interviews, and self-report. Treatment involved 12 sessions CBT delivered either in idually or in small groups and included parental involvement. Manualized CBT could be transported to the community setting effectively, with 63% of the current s le responding positively, based on post-treatment diagnosis. Significant change was evident across a wide-range of outcomes including, diagnostic severity, symptom severity, child reported depression and anxiety, and both child and parent reported OCD functional impairment. This study provides evidence for the transportability of manualized CBT in clinical community practice for pediatric OCD. The next important step is larger community based dissemination and effectiveness studies to advance both research and clinical practice outcomes.
Effects of Treatment Setting on Outcomes of Flexibly-Dosed Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric OCD: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-05-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2021.669494
Abstract: Introduction: Optimizing in idual outcomes of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) remains a priority. Methods: Youth were randomized to receive intensive CBT at a hospital clinic ( n = 14) or within their home ( n = 12). Youth completed 3 × 3 h sessions (Phase I) and up to four additional 3-h sessions as desired/needed (Phase II). An independent evaluator assessed youth after Phase I, Phase II (when applicable), and at 1- and 6-months post-treatment. A range of OCD-related (e.g., severity, impairment) and secondary (e.g., quality of life, comorbid symptoms) outcomes were assessed. Results: Families' satisfaction with the treatment program was high. Of study completers ( n = 22), five youth (23%) utilized no Phase II sessions and 9 (41%) utilized all four (Median Phase II sessions: 2.5). Large improvements in OCD-related outcomes and small-to-moderate benefits across secondary domains were observed. Statistically-significant differences in primary outcomes were not observed between settings however, minor benefits for home-based treatment were observed (e.g., maintenance of gains, youth comfort with treatment). Discussion: Intensive CBT is an efficacious treatment for pediatric OCD. Families opted for differing doses based on their needs. Home-based treatment, while not substantially superior to hospital care, may offer some value, particularly when desired/relevant. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov t2/show/NCT03672565 , identifier: NCT03672565.
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-03-2008
DOI: 10.1080/15374410701817956
Abstract: Child and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating condition associated with a wide range of impairments. This article briefly discusses the phenomenology of OCD, the theory underlying current treatment approaches, and the extant psychosocial treatment literature for child and adolescent OCD relative to the criteria for classification as an evidence-based intervention. Studies were evaluated for methodological rigor according to the classification system of Nathan and Gorman (2002) and then were assessed relative to the criteria for evidence-based treatments specified by Chambless et al. (1998), Chambless et al. (1996), and Chambless and Hollon (1998). Results from exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) trials with children and adolescents have been consistent, with remission rates of the disorder ranging from 40% to 85% across studies. Findings from this review indicate that in idual exposure-based CBT for child and adolescent OCD can be considered as a probably efficacious treatment. CBT delivered in a family-focused in idual or group format can be considered as a possibly efficacious treatment. Moderators, mediators, and predictors of treatment outcome are discussed, as are implications and generalizability of extant findings to real-world settings. We conclude with recommendations for best practice and future research directions.
Augmenting one-session treatment of children's specific phobias with attention training to positive stimuli
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAT.2014.07.020
Abstract: This study examined the efficacy of combining two promising approaches to treating children's specific phobias, namely attention training and one 3-h session of exposure therapy ('one-session treatment', OST). Attention training towards positive stimuli (ATP) and OST (ATP+OST) was expected to have more positive effects on implicit and explicit cognitive mechanisms and clinical outcome measures than an attention training control (ATC) condition plus OST (ATC+OST). Thirty-seven children (6-17 years) with a specific phobia were randomly assigned to ATP+OST or ATC+OST. In ATP+OST, children completed 160 trials of attention training responding to a probe that always followed the happy face in happy-angry face pairs. In ATC+OST, the probe appeared equally often after angry and happy faces. In the same session, children completed OST targeting their phobic situation/object. Clinical outcomes included clinician, parent and child report measures. Cognitive outcomes were assessed in terms of change in attention bias to happy and angry faces and in danger and coping expectancies. Assessments were completed before and after treatment and three-months later. Compared to ATC+OST, the ATP+OST condition produced (a) significantly greater reductions in children's danger expectancies about their feared situations/object during the OST and at three-month follow-up, and (b) significantly improved attention bias towards positive stimuli at post-treatment, which in turn, predicted a lower level of clinician-rated phobia diagnostic severity three-months after treatment. There were no significant differences between ATP+OST and ATC+OST conditions in clinician, parent, or child-rated clinical outcomes. Training children with phobias to focus on positive stimuli is effective in increasing attention towards positive stimuli and reducing danger expectancy biases. Studies with larger s le sizes and a stronger 'dose' of ATP prior to the OST may reveal promising outcomes on clinical measures for training attention towards positive stimuli.
Psychoeducation for exposure therapy
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2020
Closing the Gap for Children with OCD: A Staged-Care Model of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with Exposure and Response Prevention
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10567-023-00439-2
Abstract: Childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions affecting children and adolescents. Although the distress and burden associated with childhood OCD are well documented and empirically supported treatments are available, there remains an unacceptable “treatment gap” and “quality gap” in the provision of services for youth suffering from OCD. The treatment gap represents the large number of children who never receive mental health services for OCD, while the quality gap refers to the children and young people who do access services, but do not receive evidence-based, cognitive behavioural therapy with exposure and response prevention (CBT-ERP). We propose a novel staged-care model of CBT-ERP that aims to improve the treatment access to high-quality CBT-ERP, as well as enhance the treatment outcomes for youth. In staged care, patients receive hierarchically arranged service packages that vary according to the intensity, duration, and mix of treatment options, with provision of care from prevention, early intervention, through to first and second-line treatments. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature on treatment outcomes and predictors of treatments response, we propose a preliminary staging algorithm to determine the level of clinical care, informed by three key determinants: severity of illness, comorbidity, and prior treatment history. The proposed clinical staging model for paediatric OCD prioritises high-quality care for children at all stages and levels of illness, utilising empirically supported CBT-ERP, across multiple modalities, combined with evidence-informed, clinical decision-making heuristics. While informed by evidence, the proposed staging model requires empirical validation before it is ready for prime time.
Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Paediatric OCD: Exploring the Role of Parental Rearing and Child Age
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-019-00938-W
Abstract: Cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that inflated responsibility beliefs are central to the maintenance of the disorder and are proposed to originate during early childhood via experiences of harsh and/or controlling parenting. The current study aimed to examine the associations between perceived parental rearing behaviours, inflated responsibility/threat beliefs, and OCD severity and impairment in children (aged 7-12 years) and adolescents (aged 13-17 years) with OCD (n = 136). Results indicated that for younger children, greater child perceptions of overprotection and anxious rearing were each associated with increased inflated responsibility beliefs. For older children, these positive associations remained, and furthermore, inflated responsibility beliefs mediated the association between perceived maternal anxious rearing and OCD impairment. Results highlight the role of the family in the development of inflated responsibility bias and OCD-related impairment.
Avoidance, Insight, Impairment Recognition Concordance, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Outcomes in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Mindfulness interventions in schools: Integrity and feasibility of implementation
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-08-2020
Abstract: Research on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) has proliferated in recent years and the integration of mindfulness-based programs in school settings has been at the forefront of implementation research. Recent reviews of studies evaluating the efficacy of school-based mindfulness programs have produced mixed findings, which may in part be due to methodological differences across studies to date, as well as adaptations of MBIs in order to implement them within school settings. For ex le, there are vast differences across studies in the content, delivery, and training requirements of school-based MBIs, which may influence both fidelity and efficacy. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on the implementation of school-based MBIs and determine the degree to which the interventions align to standards for MBIs. A systematic search identified studies evaluating the effects of a school-based MBI on mental health outcomes in schools, utilizing quantitative and qualitative designs. The results draw comparison across the identified MBIs in relation to intervention integrity, and teacher training and competence according to existing standards. The findings indicate a poor alignment to all standards for ex le, intervention integrity was indicated in 45% of studies that included core mindfulness practices, and standards of teacher training were met in 26% of studies. In addition, the feasibility design of studies is critiqued against recommended standards. Despite claims from many studies, feasibility has not yet been established for school settings. Feasibility studies have failed to adequately assess organizational factors that influence implementation. The lack of detail and consistency in reporting across studies is a particular limitation of the field of research, which may have disadvantaged the assessment of studies against stringent guidelines. The ongoing challenges to developing an evidence base for school-based MBIs as well as to implementation are discussed. Recommendations for future directions in implementation science of mindfulness interventions within a school context are provided.
Does cognitive-behavioral therapy response among adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder differ as a function of certain comorbidities?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2010.03.013
Abstract: This study examines the impact of several of the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders (i.e., generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) major depressive disorder (MDD) social phobia, and panic disorder) on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) response in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One hundred and forty-three adults with OCD (range=18-79 years) received 14 sessions of weekly or intensive CBT. Assessments were conducted before and after treatment. Primary outcomes included scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), response rates, and remission status. Sixty-nine percent of participants met criteria for at least one comorbid diagnosis. Although baseline OCD severity was slightly higher among in iduals with OCD+MDD and OCD+GAD (in comparison to those with OCD-only), neither the presence nor the number of pre-treatment comorbid disorders predicated symptom severity, treatment response, remission, or clinically significant change rates at post-treatment. These data suggest that CBT for OCD is robust to the presence of certain common Axis-I comorbidities.
Coping and emotion regulation in response to social stress tasks among young adolescents with and without social anxiety
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-2023
Symptom Insight in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Outcomes of an International Aggregated Cross-Sectional Sample
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Challenges of insight assessment in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Initial results and clinical considerations from a measure development study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
One session treatment for pediatric blood-injection-injury phobia: A controlled multiple baseline trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAT.2015.08.002
Abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a modified One Session Treatment (OST), which included an e-therapy homework maintenance program over 4 weeks for Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia in children and adolescents. Using a single case, non-concurrent multiple-baseline design, 24 children and adolescents (8-18 years 7 males, 17 females) with a primary diagnosis of BII phobia were randomly assigned to a one, two or three week baseline prior to receiving OST. Primary outcome measures included diagnostic severity, diagnostic status, and child and parent fear ratings. Secondary outcome measures included avoidance during behavioural avoidance tasks (BAT), global functioning and self and parent reported anxiety, fear and depression. Efficacy was assessed at post-treatment, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up. BII symptoms and diagnostic severity remained relatively stable during the baseline periods and then significantly improved following implementation of the intervention. Treatment response was supported by changes across multiple measures, including child, parent and independent clinician ratings. At post-treatment 8 of the 24 (33.33%) children were BII diagnosis free. Treatment gains improved at follow-ups with 14 (58.33%) children diagnosis free at 1-month follow-up and 15 (62.5%) diagnosis free at 3-month follow-up. Preliminary findings support the effectiveness of a modified OST approach for BII phobic youth with treatment outcomes improving over follow-up intervals.
Perceived Parental Rearing in Paediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Examining the Factor Structure of the EMBU Child and Parent Versions and Associations with OCD Symptoms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-03-2020
Exploring the relationship between self-compassion and body dysmorphic symptoms in adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Sleep-Related Problems in Paediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Intensive Exposure Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BETH.2018.09.008
Abstract: Limited research has examined sleep-related problems (SRPs) among children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study addresses this gap by investigating preliminary associations between SRPs, demographic factors (gender and age), family variables (family accommodation and parental stress), and clinical factors (medication status, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, OCD severity, OCD-related impairment), and treatment outcomes in a s le of 103 youth (aged 7 to 17 years 53% female) with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Clinician, parent, and child measures were used to assess demographic, family, and clinical predictors. SRPs were assessed using an 8-item measure comprising items of the Child Behaviour Checklist, Child Depression Inventory, and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children as used in previous studies. Results showed that SRPs were highly prevalent among this s le and that more SRPs were associated with younger age, internalizing problems, and functional impairment. However, SRPs were not an independent predictor of OCD severity, impairment, or treatment response. Preliminary findings suggest that SRPs among youth with OCD may be more strongly associated with broader internalizing symptoms than with OCD itself. Future longitudinal research is warranted to further explore the complexity of SRPs when co-occurring with pediatric OCD.
Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia and Dog Phobia in Youth: Psychological Characteristics and Associated Features in a Clinical Sample
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BETH.2016.01.004
Abstract: Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia is a particularly debilitating condition that has been largely ignored in the child literature. The present study examined the clinical phenomenology of BII phobia in 27 youths, relative to 25 youths with dog phobia-one of the most common and well-studied phobia subtypes in youth. Children were compared on measures of phobia severity, functional impairment, comorbidity, threat appraisals (danger expectancies and coping), focus of fear, and physiological responding, as well as vulnerability factors including disgust sensitivity and family history. Children and adolescents with BII phobia had greater diagnostic severity. In addition, they were more likely to have a comorbid diagnosis of a physical health condition, to report more exaggerated danger expectancies, and to report fears that focused more on physical symptoms (e.g., faintness and nausea) in comparison to youth with dog phobia. The present study advances knowledge relating to this poorly understood condition in youth.
The OCI-CV-R: A Revision of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Child Version
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Tackling Mental Health in Youth Sporting Programs: A Pilot Study of a Holistic Program
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2020
Maternal Rejection and Idealized Value of Appearance: Exploring the Origins of Body Dysmorphic Concerns Among Young Adults
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.30.3.154
Abstract: Body dysmorphic disorder is a clinical disorder characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in one’s appearance (American Psychological Association, 2013), causing impaired functioning. Cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder have been proposed, whereby social anxiety and parental rejection may be predisposing factors, whereas maladaptive cognitive biases, such as appraisals of rejection, may serve as maintenance factors. The primary aim of this study was to test the role that perceived parental rejection in childhood may play in understanding the development of body dysmorphic symptoms. Furthermore, this study examined whether idealized values of appearance act as a mediator between perceived maternal rejection and body dysmorphic symptoms. The s le comprised 239 Australian undergraduate psychology students. Social anxiety, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, maternal rejection, and idealized values of appearance uniquely predicted body dysmorphic symptoms. Furthermore, the relationship between maternal rejection and body dysmorphic symptoms was partially mediated by idealized values of appearance. Findings support cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder.
Transactional Associations Between Adolescents’ Emotion Dysregulation and Symptoms of Social Anxiety and Depression: A Longitudinal Study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-10-2018
Abstract: Emotion dysregulation has been associated with increased risks for psychopathology. During adolescence when the onset of mental illnesses peak, emotion dysregulation may be particularly problematic. In this study, we examined transactional associations between young adolescents’ self-report of their emotion dysregulation and symptoms of social anxiety and depression at three assessments over 3 years. Participants were 391 Australian students (56% female 79% White/Caucasian) in Grades 6 to 8 followed until Grades 9 to 11. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), emotion dysregulation was a latent variable indicated by lack of emotional clarity, nonacceptance of emotional responses, impulse control difficulties, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior. A sixth aspect of emotion dysregulation, lack of emotional awareness, which was not correlated with the other five subscales, was examined separately in the SEM. Transactional associations over time were identified between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of social anxiety and depression, with adolescents higher in emotion dysregulation at Time 1 (T1) reporting higher social anxiety and depressive symptoms between T1 and Time 2 (T2), and T2 emotion dysregulation predicting increases in adolescents’ depression, but not social anxiety, symptoms from T2 to Time 3 (T3), after controlling for baseline symptoms. In addition, earlier social anxiety, but not depressive, symptom level at T2 was significantly associated with later emotion dysregulation between T2 and T3, after baseline emotion dysregulation was controlled. Furthermore, girls were higher in emotion dysregulation, social anxiety, and depression than boys, but sex did not moderate temporal links between emotion dysregulation and symptoms.
Little Doubt That CBT Works for Pediatric OCD
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Attenuating memory distrust in a repeated checking task
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAT.2011.05.001
Abstract: Repeated checking has been demonstrated to lead to reductions in memory confidence in several previous studies using student and clinical s les. This process of reduced confidence in memory and detail for memory, are thought to arise from the inhibition of perceptual processing that develops during repeated checking. Our research investigated whether reduced memory confidence from repeated checking could be attenuated through the use of novel stimuli during the repeated checking task. Three groups were generated through random assignment of 65 undergraduate students. As seen in previous research, in iduals who repeatedly checked a stimulus (a virtual stovetop) showed reduced memory confidence, vividness, and detail, when compared with in iduals who repeatedly checked a different stimulus. A third group in which the colour of the repeatedly-checked stovetop changed every five trials showed no significant decline in memory confidence between the pre-test and post-test. Results suggest that increased memory distrust can be ameliorated through the use of stimuli with characteristics that are novel and distinctive. Findings are discussed in the context of the existing model of repeated checking and memory confidence, and implications for treatment methods are presented.
Do mothers enhance responsibility in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder? A preliminary study of mother–child interactions during a problem solving discussion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Virtual Reality One-Session Treatment of Child-Specific Phobia of Dogs: A Controlled, Multiple Baseline Case Series
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Response inhibition to emotional faces in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Efficacy of D‐cycloserine augmented brief intensive cognitive‐behavioural therapy for paediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A randomised clinical trial
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 27-01-2022
DOI: 10.1002/DA.23242
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Across the Developmental Trajectory: Clinical Correlates in Children, Adolescents and Adults
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: Previous research examining the clinical phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has provided some evidence that OCD might be associated with different clinical correlates at different stages of development. In particular, there appears to be a bimodal distribution in terms of the age of onset of the disorder, a male predominance during childhood and adolescence compared to adulthood, stronger familial aggregation of OCD in early onset cases, and differences in the types of symptoms and the patterns of comorbidity across age groups. This study assessed the continuity in clinical presentation of OCD across three distinct age groups: children, adolescents and adults. It was hypothesised that the s le of children would be predominantly male, and would have a higher familial aggregation of OCD and/or anxiety/depression in first-degree relatives. It was further hypothesised that there would be significant age-related differences in terms of specific symptoms, patterns of comorbidity, OCD severity, functional impairment, and level of insight and distress. The results of this study support the developmental heterogeneity hypothesis, with significant differences occurring across age groups on a number of clinical features of OCD including age at onset, symptoms experienced, comorbidity, severity, insight and impairment. Implications of the findings and future directions for research in this area are discussed.
An ultra-brief screening scale for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: The OCI-CV-5
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
A Five-Day Intensive Treatment for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Design Pilot Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-02-2022
Joining the pieces in childhood irritability: Distinct typologies predict conduct, depressive, and anxiety symptoms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Variability in emotion regulation in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Associations with symptom presentation and response to treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Treatment outcome in adult OCD: Predictors and processes of change
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-02-2011
Increasing Psychological Literacy and Work Readiness of Australian Psychology Undergraduates through a Capstone and Work-Integrated Learning Experience: Current Issues and What Needs to be Done
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12309
FAST CBT for pediatric OCD: A multiple-baseline controlled pilot trial of parent training in exposure and response prevention delivered via telehealth
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-12-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2022.1009735
Abstract: The current study utilized a single case series, non-concurrent multiple baseline design to examine the efficacy of training parents via telehealth videoconferencing in exposure and response prevention (ERP) for home delivery of the treatment for their children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). There were nine participants aged 8 to 14 years who had received a primary diagnosis of OCD. The design involved a series of AB replications, whereby following pre-treatment assessments participants were randomly assigned to either a 2-week ( n = 4) or 3-week ( n = 5) baseline condition with weekly monitoring of their child’s OCD symptoms. Following baseline, parents participated four weekly telehealth parent-training modules in delivering FAST ( F amilies A ccessing S kills T raining) cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) with ERP (CBT-ERP) to children with OCD via videoconferencing with the clinician. Primary outcome measures were OCD symptom severity, diagnostic severity, and global functioning, which were assessed post-treatment and at 2 month follow-up. The stability of the baseline period from pre-treatment to week 2 (for the 2-week condition) or to week 3 (for the 3-week condition) was established as there were no significant differences across baseline scores for parent target obsessions or parent target compulsions ratings. Significant improvements on the primary outcomes of clinician assessed symptom severity, diagnostic ratings, and global functioning were observed from baseline to post-treatment, and continued to 2 months follow-up. These data suggest that brief, parent training in FAST CBT-ERP via telehealth provides an overall effective intervention that is likely to be of most benefit to children and youth who are mild to moderate in severity.
One Session Treatment for Specific Phobias: An Adaptation for Paediatric Blood–Injection–Injury Phobia in Youth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10567-015-0189-3
Abstract: Blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia is a chronic and debilitating disorder, which has largely been neglected in the child literature. The present paper briefly reviews the aetiology of specific phobias with particular attention to BII and provides an integrated developmental model of this disorder in youth. Evidence-based treatments for child-specific phobias are discussed, and the development of a modified one session treatment (OST) approach to enhance treatment outcomes for BII phobia in children and adolescents is described. This approach is illustrated in two children with a primary diagnosis of BII phobia. The cases illustrate the unique challenges associated with treating BII in youth and the need for a modified intervention. Modifications included addressing the role of pain (e.g., psychoeducation, more graduated exposure steps) and disgust (e.g., disgust eliciting exposure tasks) in the expression of the phobia and fainting in the maintenance of this phobia. Moreover, it is recommended that parents be more actively involved throughout treatment (e.g., education session prior to OST, contingency management training, guidance regarding planning exposure tasks following treatment) and for families to participate in a structured e-therapy maintenance programme post-treatment.
A Classroom-Based Pilot of a Self-Compassion Intervention to Increase Wellbeing in Early adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPLORE.2022.06.003
Abstract: A Classroom-Based Pilot of a Self-Compassion Intervention to Increase Wellbeing in Early adolescents Abstract Objective: Our first aim was to examine the effect of a 4-week self-compassion-based intervention on emotional well-being in a school classroom of early adolescents. The second aim was to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of the program within a classroom setting. Design: This study was a pre-post pilot design utilizing paired s le t -tests to examine within-person changes in the outcome measures prior to, and following, the intervention. Bivariate correlations were also used to assess covariation between the pre-to-post change scores in self-compassion and the pre-to-post change scores in the outcome measures. The intervention was conducted during a wellbeing class at a culturally erse secondary school. The s le comprised 18 students aged 12- to 14-years old ( M age = 12.44, SD = 0.61). Intervention: A brief self-compassion-based program, Be Kind to Yourself, Inspire Others, was developed specifically for early adolescents and delivered across four 70- minute lessons. The outcome measures were self-compassion, resilience, perceived stress, social and general anxiety, and peer and school connectedness. Findings revealed significant increases in self-compassion, resilience, and peer connectedness, and significant decreases in social and general anxiety at posttest, with small to medium effect sizes (Hedges' g = 0.30-0.67). No significant differences were found for perceived stress and school connectedness. Pre-to-post changes in self-compassion covaried with pre-to-post changes in resilience and peer connectedness. Feasibility and acceptability were high. Findings suggest that a brief, classroom-based self-compassion intervention may be feasible and effective in improving indicators of emotional well-being among early adolescents.
Mother-Child Interactions and Childhood OCD: Effects of CBT on Mother and Child Observed Behaviors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2011
D-Cycloserine Augmented Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Preliminary Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.5127/PR.033013
Abstract: This paper reviews evidence for using the “cognitive enhancer” D-Cycloserine (DCS) to treat anxious young people. Adult studies indicate DCS consolidates fear extinction learning into memory during exposure therapy, thereby increasing the speed of remission. This paper examines basic research indicating both fear extinction and DCS may work differently in younger animals compared to adults. It reviews trials using DCS to enhance treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder in youths. Given there is often ambivalence about using medication to treat young people, this paper also reviews current research examining parental attitudes to DCS. It considers specific challenges facing DCS research, particularly with regard to maintaining experimental control and managing negative perceptions associated with using medication. Finally, this paper considers current research underway, particularly with regard to using DCS to treat young people with specific phobias. Overall, findings indicate that DCS shows promise for enhancing the treatment of anxiety in young people, but further investigation is needed to determine whether it provides significant benefits over and above current therapies.
Identification of Agricultural Drought Extent Based on Vegetation Health Indices of Landsat Data: Case of Subang and Karawang, Indonesia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Finding help for OCD in Australia: development and evaluation of a clinician directory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-03-2023
Obsessive-compulsive disorder across developmental trajectory: Cognitive processing of threat in children, adolescents and adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2006
Anxiety Disorders in Children with Chronic Health Problems
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2011
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Treatment of Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
An Examination of Childhood Anxiety Depression and Self-Esteem across Socioeconomic Groups: A Comparsion Study between Hight and Low Socio-Economic Status School Communities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Parents’ Perceptions of Novel Treatments for Child and Adolescent Specific Phobia and Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-015-0579-2
Abstract: This study aimed to examine parents' perceptions of established treatments, including cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), relative to novel treatments of D-cycloserine (DCS) and attention bias modification (ABM) augmented CBT to determine if novel treatments are perceived as more or less favorable than established treatments. Participants included parents of children with a specific phobia, enrolled in one of two randomized controlled trials of either one-session augmented DCS (n = 38, Gold Coast) or ABM augmented one-session treatment (n = 34, Brisbane), as well as parents from a community s le (n = 38). Parents of children with a specific phobia perceived CBT most favorably. There was no difference between the sites on perceptions of ABM. However, parents of children enrolled in the DCS trial perceived DCS more favorably than parents of children enrolled in the ABM trial and the community s le. These results demonstrate parents' greater acceptance of psychological treatments over pharmacological treatments for the treatment of childhood phobias, highlighting the importance of educating parents to novel treatments.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Multi-Technology Delivery of a Mental Health and Wellbeing System of Care Within a Youth Sports Development Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 18-08-2022
DOI: 10.1017/BEC.2022.17
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to the provision of community programs and access to mental health services for young people. We examined the feasibility, reach, and acceptability of multi-technology delivery of an integrated system that assesses and provides feedback on youth mental health and wellbeing and connects them to care within the context of a youth sports development program. The system was delivered via computer, telephone, and teleconference with 66 adolescent boys participating in a rugby league development program in three communities in Australia. Young people completed online wellbeing and mental health measures (Assess step), parents were provided with telephone feedback on results, support, and referral options (Reflect step), and youth received teleconferenced workshops and online resources (Connect step). The multi-technology delivery was feasible to implement, and reach was high, with barriers experienced at the Assess step but minimally experienced at the Reflect and Connect steps. Delivering the system via multiple forms of technology was rated as highly beneficial and enjoyable by young people. Players improved in self-reported prosocial behaviour, gratitude, and anxiety symptoms from pre- to post-program. Strong collaboration between researchers, organisational personnel, and community members is important for achieving these outcomes.
Author Correction: Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2023
Examining the Process of Implementing a Three-Step Mental Health and Wellbeing System of Care for Children and Adolescents Across Multiple Community Settings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-021-01184-9
Abstract: Mental health problems affect large numbers of young people. Integrated systems are required that can be applied in erse settings to reach youth 'where they are'. We evaluated the process of implementing a three-step youth mental health and wellbeing system in erse community settings according to three implementation outcomes: feasibility, penetration and acceptability. The study describes 49 applications of the 'Life-Fit-Learning system' designed to assess the mental health and wellbeing of youth (Assess step), provide feedback on assessment results (Reflect step), and connect them to resources and services proportionate to their needs (Connect step). Within a participatory research approach, 3798 administrations were conducted with youth between 9 and 18 years and 90 administrations were conducted with adults. Implementation was based on the four phases of the Quality Implementation Framework and was staged to integrate stakeholder and consumer feedback and experience gained from focus groups and two pilot phases before full implementation. Feasibility ratings of successful implementation ranged from 86.7 to 96.4% across applications and settings. High penetration rates were achieved. The Life-Fit-Learning system successfully reached 91.9% to 96% of youth with the Assess and Reflect steps and low intensity Connect step resources. Of those, 14.7% to 23% were identified at-risk for mental health problems and 93% to 97% of those at-risk youth additionally received Connect step co-delivered group-based programs (moderate intensity care) and/or in idual treatment (high intensity care). Youth and parents reported high satisfaction across all steps and delivery modes. With strong collaboration, an integrated model of care can be delivered feasibly, effectively and satisfactorily to reach large numbers of young people across settings.
Innovations in CBT for Childhood Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-04-2019
The Multidimensional Youth Body Dysmorphic Inventory: Development and Preliminary Validation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-019-00893-6
Abstract: A new measure specifically designed for adolescents to assess body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms is needed to identify youth who could benefit from intervention to reduce their BDD-related symptomology. To address this gap, the Multidimensional Youth Body Dysmorphic Inventory (MY BODI) was developed and the psychometric properties were evaluated. Following development and expert assessment, Australian secondary school students (N = 582 55% female M
The Efficacy of a Group-Based, Disorder-Specific Treatment Program for Childhood GAD – A randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAT.2014.08.002
Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary examination of a disorder-specific treatment program for children with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) that employed strategies targeting underlying cognitive factors. Forty-two children with a primary diagnosis of GAD, aged between 7 and 12 years, were randomly assigned to either a treatment (TX) or waitlist (WLC) condition. Clinical diagnostic interviews as well as parent and child questionnaires were completed at pre- and post-assessment for both conditions, and at 3-month follow-up for the TX group. For the completer analyses at post-treatment, 52.9 % of children in the TX group (0% in the WLC group) were free of their primary GAD diagnosis. By 3-month follow-up, 100% of children in the TX group were free of their GAD diagnosis, 50% were free of all diagnoses. Overall, there is preliminary evidence that a disorder-specific treatment program for children with GAD is effective in treating this chronic and disabling disorder.
Parent—Child Interactions With Anxious Children and With Their Siblings: An Observational Study
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2005
Abstract: In the present study, parent–child interactions with anxious children were compared to parent–child interactions with the anxious children's nonsymptomatic siblings and parent–child interactions with nonclinic children. Participants included 33 anxious children, their parents and siblings, and 14 nonclinic children and their parents. Parent–child interactions were observed during two discussion tasks related to anxiety-provoking or challenging situations. Parent–child interactions were coded for the following variables: control, warmth, reward of coping behaviour and task involvement. Consistent with previous research, parents in the anxious group showed more control, less paternal warmth and less maternal reward of coping behaviour toward their anxious child compared to parents of nonclinic children. Parent–child interactions with the anxious child were similar to parent–child interactions with the nonsymptomatic sibling, with the exception of fathers who exhibited more control toward their anxious child. Parent–sibling interactions, however, also resembled the nonclinic parent–child interactions, with mothers of anxious children showing more control toward their nonsymptomatic child than mothers of nonclinic children. These findings suggest that the relationships of each parent and their anxious child may be influenced by how the parent and child interact with each other. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Intensive cognitive-behavioral treatment for Specific Phobia in Children and Adolescents
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.5127/PR.033413
Abstract: The one session treatment approach (Öst, 1989) incorporates cognitive behavioural techniques into a single 3-hour intensive session. This treatment approach has led the field in the development of more efficient and intensive approaches for treating childhood anxiety problems, and for childhood specific phobia is now considered a ‘well established’ treatment (Ollendick & Davis III, 2012). This review examines the clinical phenomenology of specific phobia in youth, provides a brief description of OST along with the evidence to support its efficacy, and provides suggestions for future research.
Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence: Description and Treatment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2004
Patterns of Response and Remission Following a One-Session Treatment for Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia in Youth
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2017
Behavioral Sleep-Related Problems in Clinically Anxious Children: A Parent-Report Diary Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-019-00878-5
Abstract: Anxiety disorders and behavioral sleep-related problems (SRPs) frequently co-occur during childhood. However, few studies have used the recommended method of a sleep-diary. The present study examined parental perceptions of behavioral SRPs in anxious compared to non-anxious children using a sleep-diary. Parents of 22 clinically anxious children and 29 healthy controls (aged 6-13 years) completed a 7-day sleep-diary of their child's behavioral SRPs. Compared to non-anxious peers, anxious children were rated by parents as more often (a) having a negative mood before bed, (b) delaying bed, (c) requiring parental assistance during the night, especially on weeknights, (d) having difficulty waking on their own the next morning, (e) falling back to sleep after morning waking, and (f) waking in a negative mood. There were no significant group differences in sleep onset latency or sleep duration, and behavioral SRPs of anxious children did not negatively affect their functioning or that of their parents the next day based on parent report. Parents of anxious children are more likely to perceive their children as engaging in behavioral SRPs compared to parents of non-anxious children.
Falling through the cracks in science and clinical service – A call to action for people with OCD
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-09-2022
Adolescent Anxiety, Depression and Flourishing before and During COVID-19 and the Predictive Role of Baseline Psychological Capital (PsyCap) on Student Mental Health and Subjective Wellbeing During th
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-023-01568-Z
Abstract: Studies indicate the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rises in adolescent mental health symptoms globally, although the impact of the pandemic on subjective wellbeing is under-researched in this population. Psychological capital (PsyCap), a cluster of four positive psychological constructs comprising hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism (HERO), has demonstrated preventative and promotive qualities on mental health symptoms and subjective wellbeing outcomes with adult populations (employees, university students). However, PsyCap’s influence on these outcomes in young people is unclear. The present exploratory study investigated changes in self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms (measured via the RCADS-SV) and subjective wellbeing (measured by the Flourishing Scale) from pre-pandemic levels to 3 months into the pandemic and explored gender differences at each time point in a s le of Australian Year 10 students (N = 56, M age = 14.93 years, SD = 0.50, 51.8% male). The longitudinal predictive role of baseline PsyCap on follow-up assessments of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and flourishing were also examined. There were no significant changes in levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms between the timepoints, but flourishing significantly declined from T1 to T2. Baseline PsyCap was not a significant predictor of T2 anxiety and depressive symptoms but was a significant predictor of T2 flourishing. Further, different baseline HERO constructs predicted T2 mental health symptoms and flourishing. Future larger studies building on the current preliminary findings investigating the roles of student PsyCap, mental health and subjective wellbeing are warranted to better understand these constructs in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
Prevention of Child and Youth Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 04-09-2008
Perceived Responsibility in Juvenile Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Experimental Manipulation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2003
Mindful Parenting Group Intervention for Parents of Children with Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-023-01492-2
Abstract: Parenting behaviour and rearing style contribute to the intergenerational relationship between parental and child anxiety. Current psychological interventions for child anxiety typically do not adequately address parental mental health, parenting behaviours or the parent–child relationship. The current pilot study examines the effectiveness of a mindful parenting intervention (MPI) for parents of young children with clinical anxiety. It was hypothesised that the intervention would be associated with improvements in parental stress, mental health, and mindfulness, and a reduction in child clinical anxiety symptoms. Twenty-one parents of children aged 3–7 years diagnosed with anxiety disorders participated in an 8-week group MPI program that aimed to increase their intentional moment to moment awareness of the parent–child relationship. Parental (anxiety, depression, hostility, stress, burden, mindfulness, mindful parenting) and child (anxiety diagnoses, anxiety severity, comorbidities) outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Parents reported a significant increase in mindful parenting and a significant reduction in parent–child dysfunctional interaction, but no change in mental health symptoms. There was a significant reduction in parent-rated child anxiety symptoms, severity of child anxiety diagnosis and number of comorbid diagnoses at post and 3-month follow-up. Limitations include a lack of waitlist control, small s le size, and participants were largely mothers, from intact families and highly educated. There was attrition of 43% and outcomes were predominantly self-report. MPIs offer a novel and potentially effective method of increasing mindful parenting, decreasing dysfunctional parent–child interactions, reducing parenting stress and might also be an effective early intervention for indirectly decreasing young children’s clinical anxiety symptoms. Larger-scale controlled trials of MPIs are needed.
Threat Interpretation Bias in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Examining Maternal Influences
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.29.3.230
Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children is a chronic and debilitating disorder. Cognitive theories propose that threat biases may play a role in the development and maintenance of various anxiety disorders, including OCD. Although there is a small body of research examining cognitive theories of OCD in s les of children and youth (e.g., Reynolds & Reeves, 2008), to date, there are no studies that have examined overestimation of threat in children in relation to ambiguous scenarios that may imbue mildly aversive, neutral, and positive interpretations. Children with primary OCD and their mothers ( n = 22 dyads) and nonclinical children and their mothers ( n = 26 dyads) participated in this study. Children with OCD were less accurate in identifying expected feelings across scenarios and perceived all types of situations as being more difficult compared with nonclinical children however, after controlling for self-reported anxiety symptoms, there were no group differences. Child groups did not differ on other indices of interpretation bias. Mothers of children with OCD, compared with mothers of nonclinical children, also interpreted all types of situations as more threatening and difficult and were less accurate in identifying appropriate emotions in ambiguous situations that may imbue mildly positive connotations. Results are discussed in terms of the broader literature on interpretation bias in anxious children and youth and implications for future research and practice.
Preface
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 25-04-2019
An observational study of parent–child behaviours in paediatric OCD: Examining the origins of inflated responsibility
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Treatment of Aggressive Obsessions in Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 04-07-2015
Phobic Anxiety
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 14-03-2013
Treating sleep problems in young children: A randomised controlled trial of a group-based, parent-focused behavioural sleep intervention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
A pattern‐centered analysis of adolescents' concerns and hopes about future crises: Differences in ways of coping and personal adjustment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JAD.12194
Abstract: Many adolescents are concerned about global and future crises, such as the health of the planet or terrorism/safety. Yet, adolescents can also express hope about the future. Thus, asking adolescents about their concern and hope could yield subgroups with different ways of coping and personal adjustment. Australian adolescents ( N = 863 age 10–16) completed surveys to report their concern (worry and anger) and hope about the planet, safety, jobs, income, housing, and technology, as well as their active and avoidant coping, depression, and life satisfaction. Four distinct subgroups were identified using cluster analysis: Hopeful (low on concern and high on hope across all issues, 32%), Uninvolved (low in concern and hope 26%), Concerned about the Planet (CP, 27%), and Concerned about Future Life (CFL, 15%). When compared (adjusting for age, sex, and COVID timing), the CP subgroup was highest in active coping (e.g., taking action) but moderate in personal adjustment. Hopeful had the most positive adjustment, whereas CFL had the poorest adjustment. Uninvolved were lowest in coping but moderate in adjustment. Findings suggest ways of coping and adjustment may not always align, in that CP is connected with more active coping but also some cost to personal adjustment, whereas Hopeful is associated with optimal adjustment but perhaps at the cost of active coping. In addition, although CFL adolescents emerged as the at‐risk group, the low levels of hope and coping in Uninvolved adolescents raise the possibility that they are at risk of future problems.
Rejection sensitivity and the development of social anxiety symptoms during adolescence: A five-year longitudinal study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-03-2021
Abstract: Rejection sensitivity is a bias toward expecting rejection that can result from negative social experiences and degrade emotional adjustment. In this study, rejection sensitivity was expected to predict patterns of adolescent social anxiety over 5 years when considered alongside other known or expected risk and protective factors: peer rejection (peer-reported), emotion dysregulation, self-worth, temperament (parent-reported), female gender, and grade. Participants were 377 Australian students (45% boys 79% White, 15% Asian) aged 10 to 13 years ( M = 12.0, SD = .90) and their parents (84%) who completed seven repeated surveys across 5 years. In an unconditional latent growth model, social anxiety symptoms had a significant quadratic pattern of growth, with symptoms increasing about midway into the study when adolescents were age 14, on average. In a model with all predictors, rejection sensitivity was uniquely associated with a higher intercept and a more pronounced quadratic growth pattern of social anxiety symptoms. Other predictors of growth in symptoms were the temperamental trait of negativity affectivity and emotion dysregulation negative affectivity was associated with a higher intercept and a more pronounced quadratic pattern, and emotion dysregulation was associated with a higher intercept and a less pronounced quadratic pattern. Gender was associated with the intercept, with girls higher in symptoms than boys.
Exposure and Response Prevention Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Cognitive behavioral therapy in a one-session treatment for a preschooler with specific phobias
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Date: 2017
Abstract: Anxiety disorders among preschool-aged children are as prevalent as in older children, yet younger children are even less likely to receive treatment for these frequently impairing childhood disorders (Egger & Angold, 2006). Specific phobias (SPs) are often the earliest form of anxiety to onset, affect 2.3% of preschoolers (Egger & Angold, 2006), and tend to be stable from 3 years of age to at least 6 years of age (Bufferd, Dougherty, Carlson, Rose, & Klein, 2012). Recently, our group developed and piloted a modified intensive one-session treatment (OST) incorporating play therapy for preschoolers with SP (Farrell, Kershaw, & Ollendick, in press). Given that highly fearful young children may find concentrated, rapid exposure therapy highly confronting, we integrated play therapy into the commencement of this treatment to (a) assist with rapid rapport building with the therapist and (b) enhance the child’s motivation through engaging them with play. An initial, controlled, baseline case series ( N = 4) provided preliminary evidence of the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of this innovative one-session (3 hours) therapy—POP! Pre-schoolers Overcoming Phobias (POP Farrell et al., in press). The approach combines child-centered, nondirective play therapy (during Hour 1) and empirically supported OST (during Hours 2 and 3), with 4-year-old preschool children with clinical SPs of dogs. This article presents a case description of POP, describing the assessment approach, cognitive-behavioral case formulation, and intensive treatment of a 4-year-old girl who presented with a severe SP of dogs, along with various other comorbid SPs.
Searching for the HERO in Youth: Does Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Predict Mental Health Symptoms and Subjective Wellbeing in Australian School-Aged Children and Adolescents?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2020
Do parent and child behaviours differentiate families whose children have obsessive-compulsive disorder from other clinic and non-clinic families?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2002
Abstract: Limited research has been conducted investigating parent and child behaviour during family interactions in families who have a child with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While a number of authors in the field of childhood OCD have suggested possible parent and child behaviours that are characteristic of these families, few studies have attempted to explore these in a methodologically sound approach. This study compared the observed behaviours of parents and children in families whose children were diagnosed with OCD, to families whose children were diagnosed with other anxiety disorders, externalising disorders and no clinical problems. During family discussions, parent and child behaviours and affect were coded using a Likert-scale system. Family members were rated on behavioural dimensions of control, warmth, doubt, avoidance, confidence, positive problem solving, and rewarding independence. Results indicated that parents and children in the OCD group could be clearly differentiated from families in the other groups based on parent and child behaviour. Mothers and fathers of OCD children were less confident in their child's ability, less rewarding of independence, and less likely to use positive problem solving. Children in the OCD group showed less positive problem solving, less confidence in their ability to solve the problem, and they displayed less warmth during their interactions with their parents. Parents and children in families where there is a child with OCD behave in a different manner during family interactions to other families. These findings offer interesting and important exploratory information relating to observed parent and child behaviour across different clinical and non-clinical groups. Limitations of this study are addressed and directions for further research are discussed.
Play-Modified One-Session Treatment for Young Children with a Specific Phobia of Dogs: A Multiple Baseline Case Series
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-017-0752-X
Abstract: The one-session treatment (OST) approach for SPs is deemed well-established, and has been found to be highly effective for older children and adults however, has not yet been trialled with very young children. The present study examines the preliminary effectiveness of play-modified OST for young children with a SP of dogs, using a multiple baseline controlled case series design. Treatment involved play modified one-session of intensive cognitive-behavioural therapy (OST plus Play) which was followed by brief telephone delivered maintenance calls over the 3 weeks immediately following treatment. Four young children (4 years of age) participated and symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, across a 1-3 week baseline phase, immediately following the OST plus Play, and at 1 and 3 months follow-up. Visual inspection provided evidence for stability of symptoms across the baseline phase, followed by reductions in symptoms over the course of treatment and follow-up. Non-parametric analyses offered further support, with significant improvements in following the intensive OST plus Play intervention.
Developmental Differences in Universal Preventive Intervention for Child Anxiety
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2005
Abstract: We compared the effects of a universal school-based preventive intervention for child anxiety at two developmental stages. Six hundred and ninety-two participants enrolled in either grade 6 ( n= 293), children aged between 9 and 10 years, or grade 9 ( n= 399), children aged between 14 and 16 years, were allocated to either a school-based cognitive-behavioural intervention or to a monitoring group. Participants completed the Spence Child Anxiety Scale and the Child Depression Inventory and were stratified into low-, moderate-And high-risk groups based on their anxiety scores at the start of the study. The effects of the prevention programme were evaluated at post- and 12-month follow-up intervals. Post-study results indicated significant reductions in anxiety ( p .001) and depression ( p .05) across high- and moderate-risk groups in both the intervention and monitoring conditions. This trend was evident at 12-month follow-up, however, reductions in anxiety were greater in the intervention condition ( p .05). At post assessment, grade 6 participants showed significant changes in anxiety compared with grade 9 participants ( p .001), although both primary and secondary school participants showed equal reductions in anxiety at 12-month follow-up. Overall, findings suggest that universal intervention is potentially successful in reducing anxiety symptoms in children. Primary school children reported the greatest changes in anxiety symptoms, suggesting that earlier preventive intervention is potentially more advantageous than later intervention in adolescence. The implications and limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Cognitive Biases and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Children: Examining the Role of Maternal Cognitive Bias and Child Age
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.BETH.2011.10.003
Abstract: Multiple cognitive biases associated with adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were tested in a clinical s le of children (ages 7-11) and adolescents (12-17) and their mothers. This study examined (a) the associations between child cognitive biases and OCD severity, (b) maternal cognitive biases and child OCD severity, and (c) maternal cognitive bias and child cognitive bias. It was hypothesized that age would significantly moderate these relationships, with stronger associations with OCD severity for cognitive bias in adolescents (relative to children), and maternal cognitive bias in younger children (relative to adolescents). Forty-six children and adolescents diagnosed with OCD and their mothers completed questionnaires assessing responsibility bias, thought-action fusion (TAF), thought suppression, and metacognitive beliefs. OCD symptoms were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews and semistructured symptom interviews. As predicted, age significantly moderated associations between (a) child cognitive variables and OCD severity-specifically between child responsibility and child metacognition, which were associated with OCD severity for adolescents only (b) maternal cognitive biases and child OCD severity-specifically for maternal responsibility and thought suppression, which were significantly and positively associated with child OCD severity but not adolescent OCD severity and (c) maternal cognitive biases and child cognitive bias-such that significant associations were evident only in the younger child s le, and only between maternal TAF self and metacognition, with child suppression and child TAF moral, respectively. Maternal cognitive biases are more consistently linked to greater OCD severity among younger children, whereas personal cognitive biases are associated with greater OCD symptoms in adolescents. Treatments for pediatric OCD are likely to be improved by age-specific considerations for the role of maternal and child cognitive biases associated with OCD.
Clinical expression and treatment response among children with comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
ASD Traits Among Youth with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-017-0714-3
Abstract: Research has shown high rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders among s les of youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Farrell et al., Psychiatry Res 199(2):115-123, 2012 Lewin et al., Psychiatry Res 178(2):317-322, 2010 POTS Team, J Am Med Assoc 292(16):1969-1976, 2004). Autism and autistic traits co-occur at high rates within clinical s les of youth with OCD (Ivarsson and Melin in J Anxiety Disord 22(6):969-978, 2008 Stewart et al. in Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 1-9, 2016). This study extends the literature by examining the relationship between ASD traits, family accommodation, and functional impairment in a s le of youth with OCD across a wide age range (n = 80 aged 7-17 years). Results indicated that autistic traits, as measured by the social responsiveness scale (SRS), were elevated in 32.5% of youth (based on a T-score of 66T and above) relative to typically developing youth, as well as youth with non-autism-related psychiatric disorders (Constantino and Gruber in Social responsiveness scale, Western Psychogical Services, Torrance, 2012). Furthermore, 27.5% of youth scored within a moderate range (66T-75T) and 5% of youth scored within a severe range (76T or higher) on the SRS, typical of children with ASD (Constantino and Gruber in Social responsiveness scale, Western Psychogical Services, Torrance, 2012). Additionally, ASD traits were associated with greater functional impairment above OCD severity. Furthermore, family accommodation mediated the relationship between ASD traits and functional impairment. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of clinical assessment and direction for further research.
D-Cycloserine Augmentation of Exposure-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2016.3955
Abstract: Whether and under which conditions D-cycloserine (DCS) augments the effects of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders is unclear. To clarify whether DCS is superior to placebo in augmenting the effects of cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders and to evaluate whether antidepressants interact with DCS and the effect of potential moderating variables. PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 10, 2016. Reference lists of previous reviews and meta-analyses and reports of randomized clinical trials were also checked. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were (1) double-blind randomized clinical trials of DCS as an augmentation strategy for exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy and (2) conducted in humans diagnosed as having specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Raw data were obtained from the authors and quality controlled. Data were ranked to ensure a consistent metric across studies (score range, 0-100). We used a 3-level multilevel model nesting repeated measures of outcomes within participants, who were nested within studies. In idual participant data were obtained for 21 of 22 eligible trials, representing 1047 of 1073 eligible participants. When controlling for antidepressant use, participants receiving DCS showed greater improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment (mean difference, -3.62 95% CI, -0.81 to -6.43 P = .01 d = -0.25) but not from pretreatment to midtreatment (mean difference, -1.66 95% CI, -4.92 to 1.60 P = .32 d = -0.14) or from pretreatment to follow-up (mean difference, -2.98, 95% CI, -5.99 to 0.03 P = .05 d = -0.19). Additional analyses showed that participants assigned to DCS were associated with lower symptom severity than those assigned to placebo at posttreatment and at follow-up. Antidepressants did not moderate the effects of DCS. None of the prespecified patient-level or study-level moderators was associated with outcomes. D-cycloserine is associated with a small augmentation effect on exposure-based therapy. This effect is not moderated by the concurrent use of antidepressants. Further research is needed to identify patient and/or therapy characteristics associated with DCS response.
Risk factors and temporal patterns of disordered eating differ in adolescent boys and girls: Testing gender-specific appearance anxiety models
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-06-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579420000188
Abstract: Adolescent dieting and disordered eating (DE) are risks for clinical eating disorders. In this five-wave longitudinal study, we tested gender-specific models linking early risk factors to temporal patterns of DE, considering appearance anxiety as a mediator. Participants were 384 Australian students (age 10 to 13 45% boys) who reported their purging and skipping meals, experience with appearance-related teasing, media pressure, and appearance anxiety. Parents reported pubertal maturation and height/weight was measured. Gender differences in temporal patterns of DE were found and predictive models were tested using latent-variable growth curve and path models. Boys’ DE was generally stable over time girls showed stability in purging but an average increase in skipping meals. Peer teasing, media pressure, and pubertal maturation were associated with more elevated initial DE in girls, and pubertal maturation was associated with a steeper increase in DE. For boys, body mass index had a direct positive association with DE. Appearance anxiety was associated with more DE, but there was only one significant indirect effect via anxiety, which was for boys’ pubertal maturation. Findings support the dominant role of social interactions and messages, as well as pubertal maturation, for girls’ DE and the prominence of physical risk factors for explaining boys’ DE.
Treatment of Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Youth with ASD: The Case of Max
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 04-07-2015
Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 07-11-2018
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190634841.013.21
Abstract: Obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) in children and adolescents represent a cluster of conditions that significantly interfere in the lives of sufferers and their families. These disorders involve repetitive behaviors and often a preoccupation with distressing, obsessional thoughts. OCRDs include obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder. The severity, functional impairment, and associated health conditions of these disorders call for timely evidence-based assessment and treatment. Evidence-based assessments include structured and semistructured interviews. Interviews allow for the assessment of symptoms, comorbid conditions, and differential diagnoses. Evidence-based psychological treatment for OCD and BDD in youth involves cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention research is required to determine evidence-based assessment and treatments for less studied OCRDs identify factors that predict poorer response to evidence-based treatment develop approaches to augment evidence-based treatments for nonresponders and further the reach of empirically supported treatment.
Predictors of treatment response to group cognitive behavioural therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2016.08.033
Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder, occurring in 1-2% of children and adolescents. Current evidence-based treatments produce promising rates of remission however, many children and youth do not fully remit from symptoms. The current study explored predictors of treatment response to a group cognitive-behavioural treatment program for pediatric OCD (N=43). Higher levels of child depression and parental rejection at baseline were found to be associated with higher OCD symptoms at post-treatment. Family accommodation was found to be associated with OCD symptom severity at 12-months follow-up. Further, children who were classified as treatment responders at 12-months follow-up had fewer depressive symptoms at baseline than non-responders at 12-months. Results indicate that child depression and adverse family factors may contribute to poorer treatment response for children and youth with OCD. This finding suggests current treatments should be refined for these young people in order to better suit their in idual needs.
The relationships of child and parent factors with children's anxiety symptoms: Parental anxious rearing as a mediator
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2012.06.002
Abstract: A considerable body of research has identified various child and parent factors that contribute to and maintain anxiety symptoms in children. Yet relatively few studies have examined child factors (including threat-based cognitive bias, neuroticism, gender, puberty and age) as well as parent factors (including maternal anxiety and child-rearing style) in association with child anxiety symptoms, and the extent to which these factors serve as unique predictors of child anxiety. Moreover, research is lacking on whether parent factors such as child-rearing style, which is often targeted in early intervention and treatment programs, might mediate the association between child factors such as neuroticism, and child anxiety symptoms. In a s le of 85 children between 7 and 12 years of age with varying levels of anxiety, including those with diagnosed anxiety disorders, results showed that children were more anxious when they were reported to be more advanced in pubertal status by their parents, when they had a tendency to interpret more threat in ambiguous situations, and when they self-reported more neuroticism. Regarding parent factors, maternal self-reported trait anxiety and children's perceptions of their mother as having an anxious child-rearing style were associated with higher levels of child anxiety. Moreover, when these correlates of child anxiety were examined in a multivariate model to identify those that had direct as well as indirect associations via maternal anxious child-rearing style, child neuroticism remained as a significant and unique predictor of child anxiety that was also mediated by maternal anxious-rearing. Child neuroticism also mediated the relationship between child pubertal stage and anxiety symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of relevant theory and empirical evidence regarding the roles of both child and parent factors in the development of child anxiety.
The appearance anxiety inventory: Factor structure and associations with appearance-based rejection sensitivity and social anxiety
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Responsibility beliefs, memory confidence, intolerance of uncertainty and the urge to check in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: An examination of cognitive theory
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2011
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to extend current research into cognitive models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in a pediatric s le by examining the impact of perceived responsibility on memory confidence, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and checking urge using an experimental design to manipulate perceived responsibility. It was hypothesised that the high responsibility condition would result in higher ratings of responsibility, lower memory confidence and higher IU, which would also result in higher ratings on urge to check. Moreover, it was hypothesised that adolescents would report significantly higher ratings of responsibility than children. Finally, it was hypothesised that the effect of perceived inflated responsibility on the urge to check in a high responsibility condition would be mediated by IU. Method: Twenty-seven children and adolescents diagnosed with OCD completed an experimental cognitive appraisal task (CAT) in which they heard two standardised vignettes presented in counterbalanced order one in which participants were responsible and one in which they were not responsible for preventing harm to a friend's pet cat. Memory confidence, IU and checking urge were assessed after each scenario using Likert scales. Results: The manipulation of perceived responsibility was successful with children and adolescents rating increased responsibility in the high compared with the low responsibility scenario. There were no differences across high and low responsibility conditions, however, in ratings of memory confidence, IU or the urge to check. There were no significant age-related differences however, there was a trend for adolescents to report higher ratings across all variables. Finally, the relationship between perceived inflated responsibility and the urge to check was not mediated by IU. Conclusions: Responsibility is not related to ratings of memory confidence, IU or the urge to check in a pediatric s le, suggesting that biases of responsibility may not be central to the formulation of childhood OCD. Results are discussed in terms of implications for cognitive formulations and cognitive approaches to treatment in pediatric OCD.
Changes in Dosing and Dose Timing of D-Cycloserine Explain Its Apparent Declining Efficacy for Augmenting Exposure Therapy for Anxiety-related Disorders: An Individual Participant-data Meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Developing the HERO within: Evaluation of a brief intervention for increasing Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in Australian female students during the final year of school in the first year of COVID-19
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Brief intensive CBT for pediatric OCD with E-therapy maintenance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2016.06.005
Abstract: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), incorporating exposure and response prevention (ERP), has received strong empirical support for the treatment of paediatric OCD, and moreover, is considered the first line treatment of choice (Geller & March, 2012). However, despite the availability of effective treatments for this chronic and debilitating disorder, only a small proportion of youth receive these evidence-based approaches. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an intensive ERP-based treatment for youth OCD, using a multiple baseline controlled design. Children and youth (N=10 aged 11-16 years) with a primary diagnosis of OCD were randomly assigned to a 1- or 2-week baseline monitoring condition followed by the intervention. The efficacy of the intensive treatment, involving 1 session psychoeducation, 2-sessions ERP plus e-therapy maintenance was examined across parent- child- and clinician-rated measures at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Overall, there were significant reductions across time on almost all measures (except self-report anxiety), and moreover, the majority of the s le (80%) were considered reliably improved, and meeting clinically significant change. At post-treatment, 60% were in remission of symptoms, and at 6-month follow-up this increased to 70%. These findings provide strong support for intensive, time-limited approaches to ERP-based CBT for children and youth with OCD.
Innovations in the psychosocial treatment of youth with anxiety disorders: implications for a stepped care approach
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-07-2018
Abstract: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among children and adolescents and frequently result in impairments across multiple domains of life. While psychosocial interventions, namely cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), have been found to be highly effective in treating these conditions, significant numbers of youth simply do not have access to these evidence-based interventions, and of those who do, a substantial proportion (up to 40%) fail to achieve remission. Thus, there is a pressing need for innovation in both the delivery of evidence-based treatments and efforts to enhance treatment outcomes for those who do not respond to standard care. This paper reviews current innovations attempting to address these issues, including evidence for brief, low-intensity approaches to treatment internet delivered CBT and brief, high-intensity CBT. Moreover, we propose a model of stepped care delivery of evidence-based mental health interventions for children and youth with anxiety. In general, a stepped care approach begins with a lower intensity, evidence-based treatment that entails minimal therapist involvement (ie, brief, low-intensity self-help or internet delivered CBT) and then proceeds to more intensive treatments with greater therapist involvement (ie, brief high-intensity CBT), but only for those in iduals who show a poor response at each step along the way. Future research is needed in order to evaluate such a model, and importantly, to identify predictors and moderators of response at each step, in order to inform an evidence-based, fully-integrated stepped care approach to service delivery.
Prevention of Childhood Emotional Disorders: Reducing the Burden of Suffering Associated with Anxiety and Depression
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2007
Examining parent-report of Children's emotion regulation in paediatric OCD: Associations with symptom severity, externalising behaviour and family accommodation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Using cognitive enhancers to improve the treatment of anxiety disorders in young people: Examining the potential for D‐cycloserine to augment exposure for child anxiety
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2011
Kick-starting youth wellbeing and access to mental health care: Efficacy of an integrated model of care within a junior sports development program
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.BRAT.2022.104166
Abstract: One productive avenue for building adolescents' personal strengths and reducing mental health problems is integrating assessment and intervention into organised sports programs. We investigated the efficacy of the RISE program, a rugby league development program for 12- to 15-year-old boys, which integrated a mental health and wellbeing system called Life-Fit-Learning. The Life-Fit System is designed to measure youth's strengths and mental health symptoms and sends mental health feedback to parents, provides group-based workshops, connects youth and parents to online psychoeducation resources, and provides in idual telephone follow-up and referral with parents of youth at high-risk for mental health problems. In this study, mental health and wellbeing outcomes were compared in participants who did (RISE, N = 94) and did not (Comparison, N = 82) receive the RISE/Life-Fit-Learning program. RISE players reported their self-satisfaction, grit, gratitude, prosocial behaviour, anxiety, depression, and behavioural problems using the Life-Fit System pre- and post-program. Comparison participants completed measures twice, 6-months apart. Self-satisfaction did not change in RISE participants but declined among comparison participants. In both groups, 26% of players scored in the high-risk range on at least one mental health measure. On mental health measures, high-risk RISE players' depression and behavioural problems improved from pre-to post-program relative to no change among Comparison players. Among participants who were not high-risk, RISE players' anxiety, depression, and behavioural problems did not change whereas Comparison players' behavioural problems increased significantly. Results underscore the value of integrating strengths-based interventions and targeting youth mental health problems within the context of junior sports development programs.
A disorder-specific, cognitively focused group treatment for childhood generalized anxiety disorder: Development and case illustration of the no worries! Program
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.29.4.275
Abstract: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly mental disorder in children, and there is a comparative lack of research on specific treatments for GAD, relative to other anxiety disorders. Furthermore, treatment programs for child GAD, unlike those for adults, are almost uniformly transdiagnostic in nature and do not specifically target the cognitive variables (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty, negative beliefs about worry, cognitive avoidance, and negative problem orientation) demonstrated to be correlated with the disorder. However, helping children to understand and address these rather complex cognitive factors is difficult. This article describes the development of a disorder-specific, cognitively focused group treatment program for child GAD (the No Worries! Program) that aims to target the cognitive variables and symptoms correlated with the GAD. It provides a detailed discussion of the strategies taught to children and highlights some of the challenges involved. A case study is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving successful outcomes with complex presentations.
Hospital admission characteristics for children and adolescents with OCD in Sydney, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
An examination of the cognitive processes involved in childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00011-6
Abstract: The cognitive theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the most widely accepted account of the aetiology and maintenance of this disorder in adults. This paper investigated whether cognitive processes were evident in a s le of children with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Using an idiographic approach, as proposed by the Obsessive-Compulsive Cognitions Working Group, this paper assessed cognitive appraisals of responsibility, probability, severity, thought-action fusion, self-doubt and cognitive control. Ratings of these cognitive appraisals were obtained across a s le of children with OCD, and were compared with ratings from a clinical control group of anxious children and a non-clinic control group. It was hypothesised that consistent with the cognitive theory of OCD, children in the OCD group would display higher estimations of these cognitive processes in comparison to anxious and non-clinic children. Results of this investigation provide preliminary support for a cognitive conceptualisation of OCD during childhood. OCD children reported significantly higher ratings of responsibility, severity, thought action fusion and less cognitive control in comparison to non-clinic children. OCD children could also be clearly differentiated from anxious children on ratings of cognitive control. Implications of this investigation are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190910761.013.6
Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) are a group of diagnoses that center on compulsive behaviors and/or obsessive thoughts. They include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, excoriation disorder, and trichotillomania. Each of the OCRDs are associated with significant psychosocial impairment and family/caregiver burden. Furthermore, these disorders frequently co-occur with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits and diagnoses, and differential diagnosis can be difficult. OCD represents the most common of the OCRDs, and also the most well researched to date. Consequently, this chapter focuses on the nature and impact of comorbid OCD and ASD across the lifespan. Unfortunately, preliminary research indicates that in iduals with OCD and ASD are significantly more disadvantaged by way of poorer psychosocial functioning, increased family burden/accommodation to symptoms, greater number of other comorbid conditions, and more likely to present with comorbid externalizing disorders. Future research is needed to determine what impact these unique complexities may have on treatment success. Preliminary research suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is of benefit to these in iduals with comorbid ASD and OCD however, modification may be necessary to improve engagement and outcomes (e.g., family inclusion in therapy). This chapter presents a case ex le of modified CBT for a child with comorbid ASD and OCD, delivered intensively. Future research should focus on the related OCRDs in in iduals with ASD, as well as improving current assessment and treatment practices.
Innovations in Treating OCD
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 25-04-2019
Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up and predictors of outcome
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.CHI.0000172555.26349.94
Abstract: The aims were to (1) evaluate the long-term durability of in idual and group cognitive-behavioral family therapy for childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder and (2) investigate pretreatment predictors of long-term outcome. Undertaken at a university-based clinic, this study involved 48 participants (8-19 years old) who had received in idual or group cognitive-behavioral family therapy. Participants and parents were assessed at 12 and 18 months following treatment with standardized assessments, including diagnostic and symptom severity interviews, child self-report measures of anxiety and depression, and parental self-report of distress. Pretreatment data were used for the prediction of long-term outcome. Analyses indicated treatment gains were maintained, with a total of 70% of participants in in idual therapy and 84% in group therapy diagnosis free at follow-up. There were no significant differences between the in idual or group conditions across measures. Results indicated that higher pretreatment severity and higher family dysfunction predicted worse long-term outcome. The results suggest that cognitive-behavioral family therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder provides long-term relief that it is equally effective in in idual and group-based therapy. Focusing on family dysfunction may improve long-term prognosis.
Do obsessional belief domains relate to body dysmorphic concerns in undergraduate students?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Prognostic indicators of treatment response for children with anxiety disorders
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2013
Parental surveillance of OCD and mental health symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of Australian children, adolescents and families
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Daily use of digital technologies to feel better: Adolescents' digital emotion regulation, emotions, loneliness, and recovery, considering prior emotional problems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JAD.12259
The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5): Development and First Psychometric Evidence of a New Scale for Assessing Anxiety Disorders Symptoms of Children and Adolescents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2016
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