ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9627-7594
Current Organisations
Prince of Wales Hospital
,
University of South Australia
,
BRAC University
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering | Diagnostic Applications | Biomedical Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Electrical Engineering
Diagnostics | Medical instrumentation | Computer hardware and electronic equipment not elsewhere classified |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MA14081895
Abstract: This paper focuses on the energy generating capacity of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric material through a number of prototype sensors with different geometric and loading characteristics. The effect of sensor configuration, surface area, dielectric thickness, aspect ratio, loading frequency and strain on electrical power output was investigated systematically. Results showed that parallel bimorph sensor was found to be the best energy harvester, with measured capacitance being reasonably acceptable. Power output increased with the increase of sensor’s surface area, loading frequency, and mechanical strain, but decreased with the increase of the sensor thickness. For all scenarios, sensors under flicking loading exhibited higher power output than that under bending. A widely used energy harvesting circuit had been utilized successfully to convert the AC signal to DC, but at the sacrifice of some losses in power output. This study provided a useful insight and experimental validation into the optimization process for an energy harvester based on human movement for future development.
Publisher: IEEE Comput. Soc
Date: 2002
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4304/JCP.5.1.1-3
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1039/B714570E
Abstract: Glycosynthases are active-site mutants of glycoside hydrolases that catalyse glycosyl transfer using suitable activated donor substrates without competing product hydrolysis (S. M. Hancock, M. D. Vaughan and S. G. Withers, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2006, 10, 509-519). Site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic nucleophile, Glu-85, of a Populus tremula x tremuloides xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (PttXET16-34, EC 2.4.1.207) into alanine, glycine, and serine yielded enzymes with glycosynthase activity. Product analysis indicated that PttXET16-34 E85A in particular was able to catalyse regio- and stereospecific homo- and hetero-condensations of alpha-xylogluco-oligosaccharyl fluoride donors XXXGalphaF and XLLGalphaF to produce xyloglucans with regular sidechain substitution patterns. This substrate promiscuity contrasts that of the Humicola insolens Cel7B E197A glycosynthase, which was not able to polymerise the di-galactosylated substrate XLLGalphaF. The production of the PttXET16-34 E85A xyloglucosynthase thus expands the repertoire of glycosynthases to include those capable of synthesising structurally homogenenous xyloglucans for applications.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-07-2021
DOI: 10.3390/S21155154
Abstract: In recent years, significant research and development efforts have been made to transform the Internet of Things (IoT) from a futuristic vision to reality. The IoT is expected to deliver huge economic benefits through improved infrastructure and productivity in almost all sectors. At the core of the IoT are the distributed sensing devices or sensor nodes that collect and communicate information about physical entities in the environment. These sensing platforms have traditionally been developed around off-the-shelf microcontrollers. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) have been used in some of the recent sensor nodes due to their inherent flexibility and high processing capability. FPGAs can be exploited to huge advantage because the sensor nodes can be configured to adapt their functionality and performance to changing requirements. In this paper, FlexiS, a high performance and flexible sensor node platform based on FPGA, is presented. Test results show that FlexiS is suitable for data and computation intensive applications in wireless sensor networks because it offers high performance with low energy profile, easy integration of multiple types of sensors, and flexibility. This type of sensing platforms will therefore be suitable for the distributed data analysis and decision-making capabilities the emerging IoT applications require.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Academy Publisher
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Academy Publisher
Date: 19-01-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1109/ICIS.2007.66
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3398450
Abstract: A continuous wave near infrared instrument has been developed to monitor in vivo changes in the hemoglobin concentration of the trabecular compartment of human bone. The transmitter uses only two laser diodes of wavelengths 685 and 830 nm, and the receiver uses a single silicon photodiode operating in the photovoltaic mode. The functioning of the instrument and the depth of penetration of the near infrared signals was determined in vitro using tissue-equivalent phantoms. The instrument achieves a depth of penetration of approximately 2 cm for an optode separation of 4 cm and, therefore, has the capacity to interrogate the trabecular compartment of human bone. The functioning of the instrument was tested in vivo to evaluate the relative oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations of the proximal tibial bone of apparently healthy, normal weight, adult subjects in response to a 3 min on, 5 min off, vascular occlusion protocol. The traces of the relative Hb and HbO2 concentrations obtained were reproducible in controlled conditions. The instrument is relatively simple and flexible, and offers an inexpensive platform for further studies to obtain normative data for healthy cohorts, and to evaluate disease-specific performance characteristics for cohorts with vasculopathies of bone.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 26-04-2021
DOI: 10.1049/RSN2.12069
Publisher: Academy Publisher
Date: 26-12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-03-2013
Abstract: Abstract. The globally integrated sea–air anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from 1990 to 2009 is determined from models and data-based approaches as part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project. Numerical methods include ocean inverse models, atmospheric inverse models, and ocean general circulation models with parameterized biogeochemistry (OBGCMs). The median value of different approaches shows good agreement in average uptake. The best estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake for the time period based on a compilation of approaches is −2.0 Pg C yr−1. The interannual variability in the sea–air flux is largely driven by large-scale climate re-organizations and is estimated at 0.2 Pg C yr−1 for the two decades with some systematic differences between approaches. The largest differences between approaches are seen in the decadal trends. The trends range from −0.13 (Pg C yr−1) decade−1 to −0.50 (Pg C yr−1) decade−1 for the two decades under investigation. The OBGCMs and the data-based sea–air CO2 flux estimates show appreciably smaller decadal trends than estimates based on changes in carbon inventory suggesting that methods capable of resolving shorter timescales are showing a slowing of the rate of ocean CO2 uptake. RECCAP model outputs for five decades show similar differences in trends between approaches.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2013
Publisher: IEEE Comput. Soc
Date: 2002
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2006
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/217415
Abstract: Cyber-physical system (CPS) is an integration of physical processes with computation and communication. It has the ability to add more intelligence to social life. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be a vital part of CPS as strong sensing capability is one of the major driving factors for CPS applications. CPS is still considered to be a nascent technology, and there are many challenges yet to be addressed. A few CPS applications in healthcare have been proposed to date, and they lack the flexibility of technology integration, such as integration of computing resources with sensor networks. This paper presents a survey of CPS in healthcare applications that have been proposed to date by academia as well as industry. A comprehensive taxonomy is also provided that characterizes and classifies different components and methods that are required for the application of CPS in healthcare. The taxonomy not only highlights the similarities and differences of the state-of-the-art technologies utilized in CPS for healthcare from the perspective of WSN and Cloud Computing but also identifies the areas that require further research. It is expected that this taxonomy and its mapping to relevant systems will be highly useful for further development of CPS for healthcare.
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2010
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1022
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-11-2022
Abstract: This study determined the intra- and inter-rater reliability of various shoulder testing methods to measure flexion range of motion (ROM), hand-behind-back (HBB), and external rotation (ER) strength. Twenty-four healthy adults (mean age of 31.2 and standard deviation (SD) of 10.9 years) without shoulder or neck pathology were assessed by two examiners using standardised testing protocols to measure shoulder flexion with still photography, HBB with tape measure, and isometric ER strength in two abduction positions with a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) and novel stabilisation device. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) established relative reliability. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) established absolute reliability. Differences between raters were visualised with Bland–Altman plots. A paired t-test assessed for differences between dominant and non-dominant sides. Still photography demonstrated good intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICCs 0.75–0.86). HBB with tape measure demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.94–0.98). Isometric ER strength with HHD and a stabilisation device demonstrated excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in 30° and 45° abduction (ICCs 0.96–0.98). HBB and isometric ER at 45° abduction differed significantly between dominant and non-dominant sides. Standardised shoulder ROM and strength tests provide good to excellent reliability. HBB with tape measure and isometric strength testing with HHD stabilisation are clinically acceptable.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-07-2013
Abstract: Abstract. We present a summary of biomass data for 11 plankton functional types (PFTs) plus phytoplankton pigment data, compiled as part of the MARine Ecosystem biomass DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. The goal of the MAREDAT initiative is to provide, in due course, global gridded data products with coverage of all planktic components of the global ocean ecosystem. This special issue is the first step towards achieving this. The PFTs presented here include picophytoplankton, diazotrophs, coccolithophores, Phaeocystis, diatoms, picoheterotrophs, microzooplankton, foraminifers, mesozooplankton, pteropods and macrozooplankton. All variables have been gridded onto a World Ocean Atlas (WOA) grid (1° × 1° × 33 vertical levels × monthly climatologies). The results show that abundance is much better constrained than their carbon content/elemental composition, and coastal seas and other high productivity regions have much better coverage than the much larger volumes where biomass is relatively low. The data show that (1) the global total heterotrophic biomass (2.0–4.6 Pg C) is at least as high as the total autotrophic biomass (0.5–2.4 Pg C excluding nanophytoplankton and autotrophic dinoflagellates) (2) the biomass of zooplankton calcifiers (0.03–0.67 Pg C) is substantially higher than that of coccolithophores (0.001–0.03 Pg C) (3) patchiness of biomass distribution increases with organism size and (4) although zooplankton biomass measurements below 200 m are rare, the limited measurements available suggest that Bacteria and Archaea are not the only important heterotrophs in the deep sea. More data will be needed to characterise ocean ecosystem functioning and associated biogeochemistry in the Southern Hemisphere and below 200 m. Future efforts to understand marine ecosystem composition and functioning will be helped both by further archiving of historical data and future s ling at new locations. Microzooplankton database: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.779970 All MAREDAT databases: www.pangaea.de/search?& q=maredat
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1993
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-11-2014
DOI: 10.3390/S141120910
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-08-2015
DOI: 10.3390/S150820392
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-07-2021
DOI: 10.3390/ELECTRONICS10141707
Abstract: Accurate direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of wideband, low-power nonstationary signals is important in many radio frequency (RF) applications. This article analyses the performance of two incoherent aggregation techniques for the DOA estimation of high chirp-rate linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals used in modern radar and electronic warfare (EW) applications. The aim is to determine suitable aggregation techniques for blind DOA estimation for real-time implementation with a frequency channelised signal. The first technique calculates a single pseudospectrum by directly combining the spatial covariance matrices from each of the frequency bins. The second technique first calculates the spatial pseudospectra from the spatial covariance matrix (SCM) from each frequency bin and then combines the spatial pseudospectra into one single estimate. Firstly, for single and multiple signal emitters, we compare the DOA estimation performance of incoherent SCM-based aggregation with that of the incoherent spatial pseudospectra-based aggregation using the root mean-squared error (RMSE). Secondly, we determine the types of signals and conditions for which these incoherent aggregation techniques are more suited. We demonstrate that the low-complexity SCM-based aggregation technique can achieve relatively good estimation performance compared to the pseudospectra-based aggregation technique for multiple narrowband signal detection. However, pseudospectra aggregation is better suited for single wideband emitter detection. Both the incoherent aggregation techniques presented in this article offer a computational advantage over the coherent processing techniques and hence are better suited for real-time implementation.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-04-2015
DOI: 10.3390/S150408764
Publisher: Zhejiang University Press
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: IEEE
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-12-2021
DOI: 10.3390/S21248186
Abstract: Advancements in motion sensing technology can potentially allow clinicians to make more accurate range-of-motion (ROM) measurements and informed decisions regarding patient management. The aim of this study was to systematically review and appraise the literature on the reliability of the Kinect, inertial sensors, smartphone applications and digital inclinometers/goniometers to measure shoulder ROM. Eleven databases were screened (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, SPORTSDiscus, Compendex, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Proquest Science and Technology, Scopus, and PubMed). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the consensus-based standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Reliability assessment used intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the criteria from Swinkels et al. (2005). Thirty-two studies were included. A total of 24 studies scored “adequate” and 2 scored “very good” for the reliability standards. Only one study scored “very good” and just over half of the studies (18/32) scored “adequate” for the measurement error standards. Good intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.85) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.80) was demonstrated with the Kinect, smartphone applications and digital inclinometers. Overall, the Kinect and ambulatory sensor-based human motion tracking devices demonstrate moderate–good levels of intra- and inter-rater reliability to measure shoulder ROM. Future reliability studies should focus on improving study design with larger s le sizes and recommended time intervals between repeated measurements.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 27-12-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.695644
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1109/EUC.2011.38
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2001
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/S20247238
Abstract: Background: Objective assessment of shoulder joint active range of motion (AROM) is critical to monitor patient progress after conservative or surgical intervention. Advancements in miniature devices have led researchers to validate inertial sensors to capture human movement. This study investigated the construct validity as well as intra- and inter-rater reliability of active shoulder mobility measurements using a coupled system of inertial sensors and the Microsoft Kinect (HumanTrak). Methods: 50 healthy participants with no history of shoulder pathology were tested bilaterally for fixed and free ROM: (1) shoulder flexion, and (2) abduction using HumanTrak and goniometry. The repeat testing of the standardised protocol was completed after seven days by two physiotherapists. Results: All HumanTrak shoulder movements demonstrated adequate reliability (intra-class correlation (ICC) ≥ 0.70). HumanTrak demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability (ICCs: 0.93 and 0.85) than goniometry (ICCs: 0.75 and 0.53) for measuring free shoulder flexion and abduction AROM, respectively. Similarly, HumanTrak demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability (ICCs: 0.81 and 0.94) than goniometry (ICCs: 0.70 and 0.93) for fixed flexion and abduction AROM, respectively. Construct validity between HumanTrak and goniometry was adequate except for free abduction. The differences between raters were predominately acceptable and below ±10°. Conclusions: These results indicated that the HumanTrak system is an objective, valid and reliable way to assess and track shoulder ROM.
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 1994
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2010
Location: Bangladesh
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 2012
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2009
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $156,840.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity