ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9995-4044
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Association for Learning Technology
Date: 18-06-2019
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 07-06-2010
DOI: 10.1038/AJA.2010.41
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00276-015-1560-2
Abstract: This case reports a bilateral asymmetrical posterior extension of the frontal sinuses into the orbital roof with an unusual expansion into the roof of the optic canal in a 55-year-old male cadaver. The posterior extensions of the sinus were lined by mucoperiosteum and were separated from the underlying orbital contents and optic nerve by a thin plate of bone. This knowledge of an unusual anatomic variation of the frontal sinus may help understand better the ocular and intracranial complications associated with frontal sinus pathologies.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/ZO11051
Abstract: In most mammalian species, the temperature of scrotal testes is several degrees lower than that of core body temperature due to the presence of a counter-current heat exchange between the coiled testicular artery and the p iniform plexus of veins. Here we ask: have hopping mice developed a highly efficient cooling mechanism within their scrotal sac and/or germ cell resistance to high environmental temperatures? To investigate this, adult male sexually mature Notomys alexis were used to determine: (1) the temperature of the testes (2) the extent of coiling of the testicular artery (3) the effect of artificially induced cryptorchidism on spermatogenesis up to three weeks after surgery and (4) the effect of whole body heat exposure of 37−38°C for 8 h per day for three consecutive days on germ cell apoptosis. The results showed that in hopping mice the testicular artery, unlike that in most other mammalian species, is not coiled although the temperature in the scrotum was found to be ~2°C lower than that of the abdomen. In cryptorchid males, 21 days after surgery, testes weights were reduced in three of five in iduals but there was no statistically significant decrease after 16 h exposure to whole body heat (P = 0.07). Nevertheless, some impairment of spermatogenesis was evident in both the cryptorchid testes and in the testes after whole body heating. These results show that in hopping mice developing male germ cells are susceptible to degeneration when testes are exposed to high environmental temperatures. Thus adaptations of Notomys alexis to the arid zone have not involved any special adaptations for male germ cell survival in a hot environment. Behavioural adaptations may play a pivotal role in maintaining maximal male fertility in such extreme environmental conditions.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/RD13395
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of high temperatures on male germ cell development and epididymal sperm motility of laboratory mice. In Experiment 1, adult males (n = 16) were exposed to whole-body heat of 37–38°C for 8 h day–1 for 3 consecutive days, whereas controls (n = 4) were left at 23–24°C. In Experiment 2, adult mice (n = 6) were exposed to 37–38°C for a single 8-h period with controls (n = 6) left at 23–24°C. Experiment 2 was conducted as a continuation of previous study that showed changes in spermatozoa 16 h after exposure to heat of 37–38°C for 8 h day–1 for 3 consecutive days. In the present study, in Experiment 1, high temperature reduced testes weights 16 h and 14 days after exposure, whereas by Day 21 testes weights were similar to those in the control group (P = 0.18). At 16 h, 7 and 14 days after exposure, an increase in germ cell apoptosis was noticeable in early and late stages (I–VI and XI–XII) of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. However, apoptosis in intermediate stages (VII–X) was evident 16 h after heat exposure (P 0.05), without any change at other time periods. By 21 days, there were no significant differences between heat-treated groups and controls. Considerably more caspase-3-positive germ cells occurred in heat-treated mice 16 h after heat exposure compared with the control group (P 0.0001), whereas 8 h after heat in Experiment 2, sperm motility was reduced with a higher percentage of spermatozoa showing membrane damage. In conclusion, the present study shows that whole-body heat of 37–38°C induces stage-specific germ cell apoptosis and membrane changes in spermatozoa this may result in reduced fertility at particular times of exposure after heating.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11229-022-03998-Z
Abstract: The goal of this programmatic paper is to highlight a close connection between the core problem in the philosophy of medicine, i.e. the concept of health, and the core problem of the philosophy of mind, i.e. the concept of consciousness. I show when we look at these phenomena together, taking the evolutionary perspective of modern state-based behavioural and life-history theory used as the teleonomic tool to Darwinize the agent- and subject-side of organisms, we will be in a better position to make sense of them both as natural phenomena.
No related grants have been discovered for Harsha Wechalekar.