ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7869-5891
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Palaeoclimatology | Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Climate Change Processes | Quaternary Environments | Atmospheric Sciences | Volcanology | Oceanography | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Sedimentology | Physical Oceanography | Glaciology | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Geology | Isotope Geochemistry | Palaeoecology | Natural hazards | Sedimentology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Climate Variability (excl. Social Impacts) | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Environments (excl. Social Impacts) | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Climate variability | Climate change | Oceanic processes (excl. climate related) | Global Effects of Climate Change and Variability (excl. Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and the South Pacific) (excl. Social Impacts) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences |
Related Links
Publications
Comparison of aerobic exercise capacity and muscle strength in overweight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2009
Holocene melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet driven by tropical Pacific warming
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-30076-2
Abstract: The primary Antarctic contribution to modern sea-level rise is glacial discharge from the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The main processes responsible for ice mass loss include: (1) ocean-driven melting of ice shelves by upwelling of warm water onto the continental shelf and (2) atmospheric-driven surface melting of glaciers along the Antarctic coast. Understanding the relative influence of these processes on glacial stability is imperative to predicting sea-level rise. Employing a beryllium isotope-based reconstruction of ice-shelf history, we demonstrate that glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea Embayment underwent melting and retreat between 9 and 6 thousand years ago. Despite warm ocean water influence, this melting event was mainly forced by atmospheric circulation changes over continental West Antarctica, linked via a Rossby wave train to tropical Pacific Ocean warming. This millennial-scale glacial history may be used to validate contemporary ice-sheet models and improve sea-level projections.
Online oxygen isotope analysis of sub-milligram quantities of biogenic opal using the inductive high-temperature carbon reduction method coupled with continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2716
Accounting for dominance to improve genomic evaluations of dairy cows for fertility and milk production traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2016
Short communication: Implementation of a breeding value for heat tolerance in Australian dairy cattle
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 09-2017
Issues in radiocarbon and U-series dating of corals from the last glacial period
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
On the geophysical processes impacting palaeo-sea-level observations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40562-021-00184-W
Abstract: Past sea-level change represents the large-scale state of global climate, reflecting the waxing and waning of global ice sheets and the corresponding effect on ocean volume. Recent developments in s ling and analytical methods enable us to more precisely reconstruct past sea-level changes using geological indicators dated by radiometric methods. However, ice-volume changes alone cannot wholly account for these observations of local, relative sea-level change because of various geophysical factors including glacio-hydro-isostatic adjustments (GIA). The mechanisms behind GIA cannot be ignored when reconstructing global ice volume, yet they remain poorly understood within the general sea-level community. In this paper, various geophysical factors affecting sea-level observations are discussed and the details and impacts of these processes on estimates of past ice volumes are introduced.
Paleoshorelines and lowstand sedimentation on subtropical shelves: a case study from the Fraser Shelf, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-02-2019
Metabolic profiling of early-lactation dairy cows using milk mid-infrared spectra
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 02-2019
Abstract: Metabolic disorders in early lactation have negative effects on dairy cow health and farm profitability. One method for monitoring the metabolic status of cows is metabolic profiling, which uses associations between the concentrations of several metabolites in serum and the presence of metabolic disorders. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the use of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy of milk for predicting the concentrations of these metabolites in serum. Between July and October 2017, serum s les were taken from 773 early-lactation Holstein Friesian cows located on 4 farms in the Gippsland region of southeastern Victoria, Australia, on the same day as milk recording. The concentrations in sera of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), fatty acids, urea, Ca, Mg, albumin, and globulins were measured by a commercial diagnostic laboratory. Optimal concentration ranges for each of the 7 metabolites were obtained from the literature. Animals were classified as being either affected or unaffected with metabolic disturbances based on these ranges. Milk s les were analyzed by MIR spectroscopy. The relationships between serum metabolite concentrations and MIR spectra were investigated using partial least squares regression. Partial least squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were used to classify animals as being affected or not affected with metabolic disorders. Calibration equations were constructed using data from a randomly selected subset of cows (n = 579). Data from the remaining cows (n = 194) were used for validation. The coefficient of determination (R
Prospects for the new frontiers of Earth and environmental sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Good agreement between bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating changes in body composition during weight loss in overweight young women
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2007
Shore-line reconstruction around Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and Late Glacial Stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Response of the Great Barrier Reef to sea-level and environmental changes over the past 30,000 years
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2018
Use of Large and Diverse Datasets for 1H NMR Serum Metabolic Profiling of Early Lactation Dairy Cows
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-04-2020
Abstract: Most livestock metabolomic studies involve relatively small, homogenous populations of animals. However, livestock farming systems are non-homogenous, and large and more erse datasets are required to ensure that biomarkers are robust. The aims of this study were therefore to (1) investigate the feasibility of using a large and erse dataset for untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) serum metabolomic profiling, and (2) investigate the impact of fixed effects (farm of origin, parity and stage of lactation) on the serum metabolome of early-lactation dairy cows. First, we used multiple linear regression to correct a large spectral dataset (707 cows from 13 farms) for fixed effects prior to multivariate statistical analysis with principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that farm of origin accounted for up to 57% of overall spectral variation, and nearly 80% of variation for some in idual metabolite concentrations. Parity and week of lactation had much smaller effects on both the spectra as a whole and in idual metabolites ( % and %, respectively). In order to assess the effect of fixed effects on prediction accuracy and biomarker discovery, we used orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression to quantify the relationship between NMR spectra and concentrations of the current gold standard serum biomarker of energy balance, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Models constructed using data from multiple farms provided reasonably robust predictions of serum BHBA concentration (0.05 ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.18). Fixed effects influenced the results biomarker discovery however, these impacts could be controlled using the proposed method of linear regression spectral correction.
Melting history of the Patagonian Ice Sheet during Termination I inferred from marine sediments
Publisher: Geochemical Society of Japan
Date: 2013
Insight into anaerobic methanotrophy from 13C/12C- amino acids and 14C/12C-ANME cells in seafloor microbial ecology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-09-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-31004-5
Abstract: Oceanic methane from global deep-sea sediment is largely consumed through microbially mediated sulfate-coupled oxidation, resulting in 13 C-depleted cell biomass of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME). The general ecological importance of subseafloor ANME has been well recognized in the last two decades. However, the crucial biochemical pathways for the overall anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) still remain enigmatic. Here, methanotrophic pathways were analyzed to trace 13 C-depleted amino acid biosynthesis in two clades of ANME (ANME-1 and ANME-2) from the Black Sea. Compound-specific analysis of ANME-dominated microbial mats showed a significant 13 C-depletion trend in association with increasing carbon numbers in protein-derived amino acid families ( e.g. , the pyruvate family in the order of alanine, valine, isoleucine and leucine was down to −114‰). This result indicates a stepwise elongation of 13 C-depleted carbon during amino acid biosynthesis. The overall results suggest that intracellular protein amino acids and the most 13 C-depleted signature of leucine, which has a specific branched-chain structure, are potentially propagated as isoprenoid precursor molecules into archaeal biosynthesis, resulting in the extremely 13 C- and 14 C-depleted nature of ANME cells in the deep microbial oasis.
Genotype-by-environment (temperature-humidity) interaction of milk production traits in Australian Holstein cattle
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 03-2020
Climate and Sea-level changes since the last glacial maximum: Preliminary results from IODP Expedition 325 the Great Barrier Reef Environmental Change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Rapid transmission of Climate Signals from the North Atlantic to the far Eastern Eurasian continent during the Last Deglacial period
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Beryllium isotope signatures of ice shelves and sub-ice shelf circulation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Corrigendum to “Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems” (Journal of Dairy Science (2017) 100(5) (3754–3766) (S002203021730214X) (10.3168/jds.2016-11952))
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 07-2017
Two-step rise of atmospheric oxygen linked to the growth of continents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2707
Otolith radiocarbon signatures provide distinct migration history of walleye pollocks around Hokkaido, Japan in the North-Western Pacific
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 13-04-2023
DOI: 10.22541/AU.168136932.20760699/V1
Abstract: 1. Otoliths have been widely studied as natural recorders of the entire life cycle of aquatic teleosts. Trace elements and stable isotope rations in otoliths are well understood and used as proxies of migration histories, however few elements have shown the potential to reconstruct the migration history of oceanodromous fish. 2. This study reports the first use of radiocarbon in otolith to reconstruct the horizontal migration history of fish. We analyzed three different stocks of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus around Hokkaido, Japan. 3. Radiocarbon concentration from the outermost edge of otoliths showed a general consistency with seawater radiocarbon concentration of the s ling region, validating the application of otolith radiocarbon concentration to fish migration studies. Pollocks of all three stocks generally inhabited the nearby s ling area throughout their life cycle, though some pollocks of the Okhotsk and Japan Sea stocks respectively showed a possibility of migration between different sea regions. 4. This study confirmed a novel method using radiocarbon concentrations to reconstruct the migration history of marine teleost. Using the high sensitivity of otolith radiocarbon concentration observed in this study, it may be possible to detect fish migration with higher spatial resolution than previous studies using conventional proxies.
Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message From the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2022
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 23-05-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2023RG000814
Abstract: On behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union, and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2022.
Global Climate and Sea Level: ENDURING VARIABILITY AND RAPID FLUCTUATIONS OVER THE PAST 150,000 YEARS
Publisher: The Oceanography Society
Date: 06-2011
Sources of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Two Small Streams with Different Bedrock Geology: Insights from Carbon Isotopes
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Radiocarbon natural abundances (Δ 14 C) are being increasingly used to trace carbon cycling in stream ecosystems. To understand the ultimate sources of carbon, we determined the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ 13 C) and Δ 14 C values of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC, respectively) and of particulate organic carbon (POC) in two small streams in central Japan, one of which flows over limestone bedrock (Seri) and the other does not (Fudoji). Investigations over four seasons revealed that the Δ 14 C values of the DIC (from −238‰ to −174‰ for Seri and −23‰ to +10‰ for Fudoji) were less variable than those of the other carbon fractions (DOC: from −400‰ to −138‰ for Seri and −2‰ to +103‰ for Fudoji POC: from −164‰ to −60‰ for Seri and −55‰ to +37‰ for Fudoji). Based on mass balance calculations using the δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values, the proportions of carbon in the DIC originated from (1) atmospheric CO 2 were 47% to 57% for Seri and 74% to 90% for Fudoji, (2) organic matter degradation were 29% to 35% for Seri and 4% to 21% for Fudoji, and (3) carbonate rock were 14% to 22% for Seri and 4% to 6% for Fudoji. We compared the results with previous studies that had been conducted in larger rivers and showed that in small streams, the dissolution of atmospheric CO 2 and weathering of carbonate rock are more important factors in the carbon cycling than the biological degradation of organic matter.
The incised valley of Baffin Bay, Texas: a tale of two climates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2010
Sensitivity of Holocene East Antarctic productivity to subdecadal variability set by sea ice
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2021
Long-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet on mood and cognitive function
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 09-11-2009
Holocene surface hydroclimate changes in the Indo-Pacific warm pool
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil improves heart rate variability and heart rate responses to exercise in overweight adults
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508959225
Abstract: Dietary fish oil supplementation and regular physical activity can improve outcomes in patients with established CVD. Exercise has been shown to improve heart rate variability (HRV), a predictor of cardiac death, but whether fish oil benefits HRV is controversial. Obese adults at risk of future coronary disease have impaired HRV and may benefit from these interventions. We evaluated the effect of DHA-rich tuna fish oil supplementation with and without regular exercise on HRV in sedentary, overweight adults with risk factors for coronary disease. In a randomised, double-blind, parallel comparison, sixty-five volunteers consumed 6 g fish oil/d (DHA 1·56 g/d, EPA 0·36 g/d) or sunflower-seed oil (placebo) for 12 weeks. Half of each oil group also undertook regular moderate physical activity (3 d/week for 45 min, at 75 % of age-predicted maximal heart rate (HR)). Resting HR and the HR response to submaximal exercise were measured at weeks 0, 6 and 12. In forty-six subjects, HRV was also assessed by power spectrum analysis of 20 min electrocardiogram recordings taken supine at baseline and 12 weeks. Fish oil supplementation improved HRV by increasing high-frequency power, representing parasympathetic activity, compared with placebo ( P = 0·01 oil × time interaction). It also reduced HR at rest and during submaximal exercise ( P = 0·008 oil × time interaction). There were no significant fish oil × exercise interactions. Dietary supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil reduced HR and modulated HRV in keeping with an improved parasympathetic–sympathetic balance in overweight adults with risk factors for future coronary disease.
Post-depositional remanent magnetization lock-in for marine sediments deduced from 10Be and paleomagnetic records through the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022GC010334
Abstract: With their complex cycles and rupture modes, infrequent megathrust earthquakes require a high‐resolution spatiotemporal record of tsunami inundations over thousands of years to provide more accurate long‐term forecasts. The geological record suggests that Mw 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench occurred at intervals of several hundred years. However, uncertainties remain regarding the rupture zone, owing to the limited survey areas and chronological data. Therefore, we investigated the tsunami deposits in a coastal wetland of southeastern Hokkaido, Japan, to characterize the tsunamis that originated from the Kuril Trench over the last 4,000 years. On the Erimo coast, more than seven sand layers exhibited common features of tsunami deposits, such as sheet distributions of several hundred meters, normal grading structures, and sharp basal contacts. According to numerical tsunami simulations, the 17th‐century sand layer could be reproduced using a multiple rupture zone model (Mw ∼ 8.8). We used high‐resolution radiocarbon dating and tephras to correlate the tsunami deposits from the last 4,000 years with those reported from regions ∼100 km away. The tsunami history revealed here shows good agreement with the histories of adjacent regions. However, the paleotsunamis reported to have occurred in regions km away include events that differ from those in this study, suggesting a ersity of Mw 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench. We clarified the history and extents of earthquake‐generated tsunamis along the southwestern end of the Kuril Trench, which were previously unknown. Our results provide a framework for magnitude estimations and long‐term forecasts of earthquakes.
Dating Lake Sediments Using Compound‐Specific 14C Analysis of C16 Fatty Acid: A Case Study From the Mount Fuji Volcanic Region, Japan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2020GC009544
Abstract: Lake sediments in volcanic regions contain continuous records of past eruptions and their environmental consequences. However, the frequent scarcity of plant material in lake sediments makes it difficult to provide robust age estimates. In this study, we performed compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of fatty acids in a sediment core from Lake Kawaguchi in the Mount Fuji volcanic region, Japan, to assess their potential for dating sediments. The C 16 fatty acid in the core top sediments exhibits an almost identical age (983 ± 56 years BP) to that of dissolved inorganic carbon in the modern lake surface water, which confirms that the carbon of this compound is derived from lake phytoplankton. Comparison of the 14 C age between the C 16 fatty acid and a plant leaf at the widespread (Amagi‐Kawagodaira) tephra layer revealed a lake reservoir age of 1,003 ± 73 14 C years at ca. 3,150 cal BP, which is consistent with the modern lake reservoir age and the 14 C age of the C 16 fatty acid in the core top sediments, within error. The reservoir‐corrected 14 C age of the C 16 fatty acid yielded a modeled age of 2,837 ± 78 cal BP for the Mount Fuji Tephra (Omuro scoria‐fall deposit) in the core. This age is in good agreement with the age determined from plant remains in the same core (2,938 ± 29 cal BP), indicating that CSRA of C 16 fatty acid has the potential to date lake sediments after reservoir age correction, even in sediments with limited occurrence of plant macrofossils.
Last Ice Age Millennial Scale Climate Changes Recorded in Huon Peninsula Corals
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200030320
Abstract: Uranium series and radiocarbon ages were measured in corals from the uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula (HP), Papua New Guinea, to provide a calibration for the 14 C time scale beyond 30 ka (kilo annum). Improved analytical procedures, and quantitative criteria for s le selection, helped discriminate diagenetically altered s les. The base-line of the calibration curve follows the trend of increasing ergence from calendar ages, as established by previous studies. Superimposed on this trend, four well-defined peaks of excess atmospheric radiocarbon were found ranging in magnitude from 100% to 700%, relative to current levels. They are related to episodes of sea-level rise and reef growth at HP. These peaks appear to be synchronous with Heinrich Events and concentrations of ice-rafted debris found in North Atlantic deep-sea cores. Relative timing of sea-level rise and atmospheric 14 C excess imply the following sequence of events: An initial sea-level high is followed by a large increase in atmospheric 14 C as the sea-level subsides. Over about 1800 years, the atmospheric radiocarbon drops to below present ambient levels. This cycle bears a close resemblance to ice-calving episodes of Dansgaard-Oeschger and Bond cycles and the slow-down or complete interruption of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The increases in the atmospheric 14 C levels are attributed to the cessation of the North Atlantic circulation.
60 Years and Beyond of Reviews of Geophysics
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-04-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2023RG000807
Abstract: Reviews of Geophysics is an AGU journal, first established in February 1963. It is a hybrid open access invitation‐only journal that publishes comprehensive review articles across various disciplines within the Earth and Space Sciences. The selection criteria are rigorous and many submissions are declined without review. The journal is the highest ranked in the fields of Geochemistry and Geophysics, with a high Journal Impact Factor (JIF 2021 = 24.9), which is indicative of its high visibility and influence within the scientific community. The journal's published review papers, beyond a mere summary of literature, provide crucial context for current work, and establish the framework for comprehensive understanding of research progress, challenges, and interconnections between different communities, so that research may be appreciated by a broad audience. We emphasize the importance of publishing studies that provide a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the current state of knowledge in a field, especially in the case of geophysics, where knowledge is rapidly developing, increasing and becoming more specialized.
Dating a world-unique Pacific ruin: Nan Madol
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-123
Abstract: Great Holocene civilizations on Pacific islands were created by Homo sapiens. However, most of the construction histories remain uncertain due to the lack of developed writing system and the limitation of dating techniques. Nan Madol (0.7 km in width and 1.5 km in length), an abandoned city called the & #8220 Venice of the Pacific& #8221 with over 100 artificial islets, is located on the southeastern coast of island Pohnpei in Micronesia. This world-unique ruin, inscribed onto UNESCO& #8217 s World Heritage List in 2016, was built with basalt megaliths and scleractinian coral cobbles. Oral histories and previous charcoal 14C ages suggested that the main construction of Nan Madol of Pohnpei could begin in the 13th or 14th century and ceased at the 16th or 17th century, associated with the rise and fall of the Saudeleur Dynasty. However, after 150 years or more of studies, the timing of construction and the dynasty, and the probable influence of environmental factors, remain unresolved. High-precision U-Th dating techniques, developed at the High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, were used to date the selected pristine coral infills and reveal the construction time of the two ruins. With over 150 coral ages determined, results show a peak of construction activity during the middle 11th century could be related to the rise of the Saudeleur Dynasty. In the early 15th century, construction activities ceased, associated with the dynasty& #8217 s downfall. Our study shows that Nan Madol construction and the rise and fall of the dynasty occurred 2-3 centuries earlier than previously estimated. Moreover, the entire development was dominated by El Ni& #241 o-Southern Oscillation variability and tectonic-related sea level rise.
Hydrographic variability in the northern South China Sea over the past 45,000 years: New insights based on temperature reconstructions by U k’ 37 and TEX H 86 proxies from a marine sediment core (MD97
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Initial measurement of beryllium‐9 using high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allows for more precise applications of the beryllium isotope system within the Earth Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2021
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.9059
Abstract: Precise and accurate determination of the ratio of the cosmogenic nuclide 10 Be to the stable isotope 9 Be ( 10 Be/ 9 Be) is needed across multiple fields of research within the Earth Sciences. Current techniques used to measure the 9 Be content of geological materials generally require a large amount of s le or solution aliquot and present a large range of analytical precisions. A range of geological reference materials underwent whole‐rock dissolution and “strong” (0.04 M NH 2 OH.HCl in 25% acetic acid) and “weak” (0.02 M NH 2 OH.HCl in 10% acetic acid) leaching to represent a range of potential applications within the geosciences. After treatment, the 9 Be and major element (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al and Ti) content of s le solutions were determined by high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS) using a Thermo® ELEMENT XR instrument. The 9 Be concentration of whole‐rock and leaching solutions displayed a wide range of values within each geological reference material, generally following a uniform relationship implying a potential kinetic control on NH 2 OH leaching, as suggested by major element profiles. A precision of 0.1 to 1.4% is achieved independent of s le size or leaching strength. Initial results suggest that the use of HR‐ICP‐MS improves the precision of 9 Be analysis for a range of geological reference materials. A high precision is maintained despite reducing the s le size or strength of leaching solution. This has implications for the use of the Be isotope system within the Earth Sciences by reducing the propagated uncertainty of 10 Be/ 9 Be ratios or the mass of s le or 9 Be aliquot used.
Prevalence and Interrelationships between Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Abdominally Obese Individuals
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2009
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and identify relationships between clustering and severity of cardio-metabolic risk factors in abdominally obese adults. Cardio-metabolic risk factors were assessed in a s le of 300 abdominally obese volunteers (233 females, 67 males, mean age 43.7 years) who were not being treated for diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia. Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose were measured and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Correlation analysis and Poisson regression were used to examine associations between the presence of a particular risk factor and the propensity for clustering and derangement of other risk factors, using continuous data for risk factors and categorical data for number of metabolic syndrome components. In all, 53% had metabolic syndrome and only 16% were free of cardio-metabolic abnormalities. In order of importance, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TGs) were most strongly associated with greater clustering of risk factors, with a one standard deviation difference being associated with a respective difference of 9.65, 1.23, and 0.12 in the number of risk factors present. A greater number of risk factors was associated with an increased derangement for any given risk factor, with this effect being greatest for dyslipidemia, as represented by the TG:HDL ratio. In abdominally obese in iduals, DBP was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome component clustering, which may reflect the pathogenic progression of metabolic syndrome, as DBP is likely to be elevated following establishment of other risk factors. Also, dyslipidemia was strongly related to the magnitude of derangement of cardio-metabolic risk factors which may indicate that increases in dyslipidemia may drive the pathogenic progression of metabolic syndrome once acquired.
The effect of weight loss on anti-Müllerian hormone levels in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive impairment
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-04-2009
Whole rumen metagenome sequencing allows classifying and predicting feed efficiency and intake levels in cattle
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-36673-W
Abstract: The current research was carried out to determine the associations between the rumen microbiota and traits related with feed efficiency in a Holstein cattle population (n = 30) using whole metagenome sequencing. Improving feed efficiency (FE) is important for a more sustainable livestock production. The variability for the efficiency of feed utilization in ruminants is partially controlled by the gastrointestinal microbiota. Modulating the microbiota composition can promote a more sustainable and efficient livestock. This study revealed that most efficient cows had larger relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.041) and Prevotella (P = 0.003), while lower, but non-significant (P = 0.119), relative abundance of Firmicutes . Methanobacteria (P = 0.004) and Methanobrevibacter (P = 0.003) were also less abundant in the high-efficiency cows. A de novo metagenome assembly was carried out using de Bruijn graphs in MEGAHIT resulting in 496,375 contigs. An agnostic pre-selection of microbial contigs allowed high classification accuracy for FE and intake levels using hierarchical classification. These microbial contigs were also able to predict FE and intake levels with accuracy of 0.19 and 0.39, respectively, in an independent population (n = 31). Nonetheless, a larger potential accuracy up to 0.69 was foreseen in this study for datasets that allowed a larger statistical power. Enrichment analyses showed that genes within these contigs were mainly involved in fatty acids and cellulose degradation pathways. The findings indicated that there are differences between the microbiota compositions of high and low-efficiency animals both at the taxonomical and gene levels. These differences are even more evident in terms of intake levels. Some of these differences remain even between populations under different diets and environments, and can provide information on the feed utilization performance without information on the in idual intake level.
Differentially expressed genes in endometrium and corpus luteum of holstein cows selected for high and low fertility are enriched for sequence variants associated with fertility
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2016
Invited review: Genetics and claw health: Opportunities to enhance claw health by genetic selection
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 06-2018
Reappraisal of sea-level lowstand during the Last Glacial Maximum observed in the Bonaparte Gulf sediments, northwestern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Dataset for the establishment of an age model of marine sediment core KH19-6 Leg.4 PC10/MC14 collected from the Agulhas Ridge in the South Atlantic Ocean
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
A safer preprocessing system for analyzing dissolved organic radiocarbon in seawater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Health benefits of a 4-month group-based diet and lifestyle modification program for individuals with metabolic syndrome
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2009.06.002
Abstract: In idualised highly prescriptive lifestyle programs for obesity management tend to be limited by resource constraints and difficulty with uptake. To evaluate the health benefits of a minimally prescriptive group-based lifestyle intervention in participants with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). 153 obese adults with MetS were randomised to intervention (INT) or control (CON) for 16 weeks. INT was provided with education, practical strategies and group-based support to achieve diet and physical activity (PA) modifications based on Australian national guidelines. Anthropometric, cardio-metabolic, physical fitness and diet assessments were undertaken at baseline and 16 weeks. Compared with CON, INT demonstrated greater improvements in weight, BMI, body fat mass and percent, abdominal fat mass (AbdoFat) and waist circumference systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol physical work capacity (PWC) and handgrip strength (p < 0.01, group × time for all). Energy intake and % energy from saturated fat (%Sfat) decreased in both groups (p < 0.05 for time). Dietary glycemic index (GI) decreased more in INT (p < 0.01, group × time). Reductions in weight, waist and AbdoFat were associated with reductions in %Sfat (r = 0.379, 0.306, 0.319, respectively p < 0.01) and GI (r = 0.308, 0.411, 0.296, respectively p < 0.01). Reductions in AbdoFat were inversely related to increased PWC (r = -0.385 p < 0.001). Withdrawals were similar in INT (6%) and CON (14%) (p = 0.48). A group-based minimally prescriptive lifestyle modification program with a high retention rate achieved significant improvements in body composition, physical and cardio-metabolic fitness. Group-based programs may provide an achievable and effective, but less resource intensive, method for obesity and MetS management than in idualised approaches.
Variability in the uranium isotopic composition of the oceans over glacial–interglacial timescales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Holocene Antarctic melting and lithospheric uplift history of the southern Okinawa trough inferred from mid- to late-Holocene sea level in Iriomote Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Eurasian Ice Sheet collapse was a major source of Meltwater Pulse 1A 14,600 years ago
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2020
A Geomagnetic Paleointensity Record of 0.6 to 3.2 Ma From Sediments in the Western Equatorial Pacific and Remanent Magnetization Lock-In Depth
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017JB014450
Invited review: Inbreeding in the genomics era: Inbreeding, inbreeding depression, and management of genomic variability
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 08-2017
Abstract: Traditionally, pedigree-based relationship coefficients have been used to manage the inbreeding and degree of inbreeding depression that exists within a population. The widespread incorporation of genomic information in dairy cattle genetic evaluations allows for the opportunity to develop and implement methods to manage populations at the genomic level. As a result, the realized proportion of the genome that 2 in iduals share can be more accurately estimated instead of using pedigree information to estimate the expected proportion of shared alleles. Furthermore, genomic information allows genome-wide relationship or inbreeding estimates to be augmented to characterize relationships for specific regions of the genome. Region-specific stretches can be used to more effectively manage areas of low genetic ersity or areas that, when homozygous, result in reduced performance across economically important traits. The use of region-specific metrics should allow breeders to more precisely manage the trade-off between the genetic value of the progeny and undesirable side effects associated with inbreeding. Methods tailored toward more effectively identifying regions affected by inbreeding and their associated use to manage the genome at the herd level, however, still need to be developed. We have reviewed topics related to inbreeding, measures of relatedness, genetic ersity and methods to manage populations at the genomic level, and we discuss future challenges related to managing populations through implementing genomic methods at the herd and population levels.
Dating tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Effect of measuring blood lactate concentrations using different automated lactate analysers on blood lactate transition thresholds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Late Holocene Changes in Erosion Patterns in a Lacustrine Environment: Landscape Stabilization by Volcanic Activity Versus Human Activity
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018GC008067
The effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2009
A re-examination of evidence for the North Atlantic “1500-year cycle” at Site 609
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Measurements of in situ produced 14C in terrestrial rocks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
A study on the interaction between extreme waves and coastal development processes for identification of tsunami and storm deposits in the tsunami far-field
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2021
Continental shelves, including contributions from the 17th INQUA Congress, Cairns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 05-2017
The undatables: Quantifying uncertainty in a highly expanded Late Glacial-Holocene sediment sequence recovered from the deepest Baltic Sea basin-IODP Site M0063
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006697
Glacial mode shift of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation by warming over the Southern Ocean
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S43247-021-00226-3
Abstract: Abrupt climate warming events, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger events, occurred frequently during glacial periods, and are thought to be linked to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, the mechanism responsible is not fully understood. Here, we present numerical simulations with a sea-ice coupled ocean general circulation model that systematically investigate the thermal threshold where deep water formation, and hence the overturning circulation, shift abruptly when the sea surface cools or warms sufficiently. Specifically, in our simulations where the magnitude of the sea surface cooling is changed separately or simultaneously in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, a prominent threshold is identified when the Southern Hemisphere is slightly warmer than during glacial maxima. Abrupt mode changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, like those during Dansgaard-Oeschger events, occur past a threshold in a transient simulation where the Southern Hemisphere is gradually warmed. We propose that the Southern Ocean plays a role in controlling the thermal threshold of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a glacial climate and that Southern Ocean warming may have triggered Dansgaard-Oeschger events which occurred with long interval.
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2014
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/2015GC005982
Elevated dust depositions in West Asia linked to ocean–atmosphere shifts during North Atlantic cold events
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 20-07-2020
Abstract: North Atlantic cold events in the past have been shown to cause large-scale atmospheric reorganizations. Results of our dust record from southeastern Iran, which is highly susceptible to capture dust storms from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula—the largest dust source on Earth—show a direct link between North Atlantic cooling and enhanced eastward dust transport from the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. This finding suggests that climate conditions over western Asia during these cold events were controlled by a southward shift in the winter position of the Northern Hemisphere westerlies and more susceptible to variations in the North American winter ice cover.
Last Glacial Lowstand and Shelf Exposure
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Sea-level during the early deglaciation period in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Last Glacial Interstadials
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Rapid decline in pH of coral calcification fluid due to incorporation of anthropogenic CO2
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-07680-0
Abstract: Marine calcifying organisms, such as stony corals, are under threat by rapid ocean acidification (OA) arising from the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 . To better understand how organisms and ecosystems will adapt to or be damaged by the resulting environmental changes, field observations are crucial. Here, we show clear evidence, based on boron isotopic ratio (δ 11 B) measurements, that OA is affecting the pH of the calcification fluid (pH CF ) in Porites corals within the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre at two separate locations, Chichijima Island (Ogasawara Archipelago) and Kikaijima Island. Corals from each location have displayed a rapid decline in δ 11 B since 1960. A comparison with the pH of the ambient seawater (pH SW ) near these islands, estimated from a large number of shipboard measurements of seawater CO 2 chemistry and atmospheric CO 2 , indicates that pH CF is sensitive to changes in pH SW. This suggests that the calcification fluid of corals will become less supersaturated with respect to aragonite by the middle of this century (pH CF = ~8.3 when pH SW = ~8.0 in 2050), earlier than previously expected, despite the pH CF -upregulating mechanism of corals.
Genomic prediction of serum biomarkers of health in early lactation
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 12-2019
Abstract: In this study, we estimated genetic parameters and genomic prediction accuracies of serum biomarkers of health in early-lactation dairy cows. A single serum s le was taken from 1,393 cows, located on 14 farms in southeastern Australia, within 30 d after calving. Sera were analyzed for biomarkers of energy balance (β-hydroxybutyrate and fatty acids), macromineral status (Ca and Mg), protein nutritional status (urea and albumin), and immune status (globulins, albumin-to-globulin ratio, and haptoglobin). After editing, 47,162 SNP marker genotypes were used to estimate genomic heritabilities and breeding values (GEBV) for these traits in ASReml. Heritabilities were low for β-hydroxybutyrate, fatty acids, Ca, Mg, and urea (0.09 ± 0.04, 0.18 ± 0.05, 0.07 ± 0.04, 0.19 ± 0.06, and 0.18 ± 0.05, respectively), and moderate for albumin, globulins, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (0.27 ± 0.06, 0.46 ± 0.06, and 0.41 ± 0.06, respectively). The heritability of haptoglobin concentration was close to 0. The magnitude of genetic correlations between traits (estimated using bivariate models) varied considerably (0.01 to 0.96), and standard errors of these correlations were high (0.02 to 0.44). Interestingly, the direction of most genetic correlations was favorable, suggesting that selecting for more optimal concentrations of one biomarker may result in more optimal concentrations of other biomarkers. Correlations between biomarker GEBV and existing breeding values for survival, somatic cell count, and daughter fertility were small to moderate (0.07 to 0.45) and favorable, whereas correlations with breeding values for milk production traits were small (≤0.15). Accuracies of GEBV were evaluated by using 5-fold cross validation, and by calculating accuracies from prediction error variances associated with the GEBV. Accuracies of GEBV predicted using 5-fold cross validation were low (0.05 to 0.27), whereas the means of in idual accuracies were greater, ranging from 0.31 to 0.51. Although increasing the size of the reference population should theoretically improve accuracies, our results suggest that genomic prediction of health biomarkers may allow identification of cows that are less susceptible to diseases in early lactation.
Genetic evaluation of gestation length and its use in managing calving patterns
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 2019
Coupled uranium isotope and sea-level variations in the oceans
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Temperature-controlled culture experiments with primary polyps of coral Acropora digitifera: Calcification rate variations and skeletal Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Na/Ca ratios
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
A 7,500-year-long record of extreme wave events from tidal Lake Hamana, south-central Japan 
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-02-2202
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-17346
Abstract: & & Lake Hamana is a brackish lake with an area of 64 km& sup& & /sup& , facing the eastern Nankai Trough and connected to the Pacific Ocean. The lake has experienced tsunami intrusion during historical Nankai Trough megathrust earthquakes, and it therefore has the potential to contain a valuable sedimentary archive of wash-over events caused by tsunamis, but also by storms. Analysis of geophysical surveying data and several sediment cores has allowed a 7.5-kyr-long record of & #8805 22 event deposits to be extracted from the lake& #8217 s sedimentary infill. Event deposits are embedded in fine-grained (silty) lacustrine sediments and have a thickness between 1 and ~50 cm. They are often sandy and typically display an erosive base, a fining-upward sequence, semi-parallel to chaotic or deformational layering, stronger X-ray attenuation, an increased magnetic susceptibility and high values for ratios of Ca/Fe and Sr/Fe. They correspond to strong reflectors on seismic images and are interpreted as products of possible wash-over events (sandy, fining-upward) and earthquake shaking (silty, deformed). Wash-over event beds become thinner or even disappear and/or become finer-grained towards ocean-distal lake sites. Radionuclide dating and independent tephrostratigraphy show that ages of event deposits go back to 7.5 ka BP, with main recurrence modes of 150-200 years. Especially going back beyond 5 ka BP, the Lake Hamana record has the potential to help fine-tune the existing megathrust records along the eastern Nankai Trough subduction zone.& &
AMS Dating of Potentially the Oldest Wooden Sculptures in Japan from a Shinto Shrine in Akita
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-05-2019
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2019.31
Abstract: We analyzed rare wooden Komainu found at Akagami Shrine in Akita prefecture, Japan. The formation of historical objects is often thoroughly recorded in documents, although the formation age of this particular Komainu sculpture is still unknown due to its antiquity. Thus, age determination exercises have been conducted using radiocarbon ( 14 C)-wiggle-matching techniques. Although only a limited quantity was available for s ling, we have successfully measured 14 C s les in the sculptures along with several sets of tree rings. We interpret the Komainu sculptures age considering the age of the trees and the result obtained from the wooden construction materials used for the Akagami shrine. The results obtained from Komainu show a range from 550 CE to 1020 CE, which is consistent with the dates of the shrine’s formation. Thus, the multiple 14 C-wiggle-matching method can determine precise calendar ages of wood, as well as provide some supportive information for the periods when there are no reliable historical documents.
Diagnosing the pregnancy status of dairy cows: How useful is milk mid-infrared spectroscopy?
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 04-2020
Growth patterns of the last ice age coral terraces at Huon Peninsula
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Tsunamis and submarine landslides in Suruga Bay, central Japan, caused by Nankai–Suruga Trough megathrust earthquakes during the last 5000 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
A Review of MIS 5e Sea-level Proxies around Japan
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-12-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Sea-level proxies for Marine Isotopic Stage 5e (MIS 5e, ca. 124 ka) are abundant along the Japanese shoreline, and have been documented for over at least the last 60 years. The bulk of these sea-level proxies are identified in Japan as marine terraces, often correlated by stratigraphic relationships to identified tephra layers, or other chronologically interpreted strata. Use of stratigraphic correlation in conjunction with other techniques such as paleontological analysis, tectonic uplift rates, tephra (volcanic ash), Uranium-Thorium (U/Th), Carbon-14 (14C), and Optically Stimulated Luminesce (OSL) dating techniques have connected Japan’s landforms to global patterns of sea-level change. This paper reviews over 60 years of publications containing sea-level proxies correlated to forming during MIS 5e in Japan. Data collected for this review have been added to the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), following their standardizations on the elements necessary to analyze paleo sea-levels. This paper reviewed over 70 studies, assembling data points for 300+ locations and examining related papers denoting sea-level indicators for MIS 5e. The database compiled for this review review (Tam and Yokoyama, 2020) is available at: 0.5281/zenodo.4294326 .
Weak monsoon event at 4.2 ka recorded in sediment from Lake Rara, Himalayas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Putative enhancer sites in the bovine genome are enriched with variants affecting complex traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2017
Relationship between early summer precipitation in Japan and the El Niño-Southern and Pacific Decadal Oscillations over the past 400 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Seismic history of a bedrock fault scarp using quantitative morphology together with multiple dating methods: A case study of the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, southwestern Shanxi Rift, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Incorporation of Mg, Sr, Ba, U, and B in High-Mg Calcite Benthic Foraminifers Cultured Under Controlled p CO2
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1002/2017GC007225
Renal Function Following Long-Term Weight Loss in Individuals with Abdominal Obesity on a Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs High-Carbohydrate Diet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
The impact of genetic selection on greenhouse-gas emissions in Australian dairy cattle
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/AN16510
Abstract: In Australia, dairy cattle account for ~12% of the nation’s agricultural greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Genetic selection has had a positive impact, reducing GHG emissions from dairy systems mainly due to increased production per cow, which has led to (1) requiring fewer cows to produce the same amount of milk and (2) lowering emissions per unit of milk produced (emission intensity). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of previous and current genetic-selection practices on carbon emissions, using realised and predicted responses to selection for key traits that are included in the Australian national breeding objective. A farm model was used to predict the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions per unit change of these traits, while holding all other traits constant. Estimates of the realised change in annual CO2-eq emissions per cow over the past decade were made by multiplying predicted CO2-eq emissions per unit change of each trait under selection by the realised rates of genetic gain in each of those traits. The total impact is estimated to be an increase of 55 kg CO2-eq/cow.year after 10 years of selection. The same approach was applied to future CO2-eq emissions, except predicted rates of genetic gain assumed to occur over the next decade through selection on the Balanced Performance Index (BPI) were used. For an increase of AU$100 in BPI (~10 years of genetic improvement), we predict that the increase of per cow emissions will be reduced to 37 kg CO2-eq/cow.year. Since milk-production traits are a large part of the breeding goal, the GHG emitted per unit of milk produced will reduce as a result of improvements in efficiency and dilution of emissions per litre of milk produced at a rate estimated to be 35.7 g CO2-eq/kg milk solids per year in the past decade and is predicted to reduce to 29.5 g CO2-eq/kg milk solids per year after a conservative 10-year improvement in BPI (AU$100). In fact, cow numbers have decreased over the past decade and production has increased altogether, we estimate that the net impact has been a reduction of CO2-eq emissions of ~1.0% in total emissions from the dairy industry per year. Using two future scenarios of either keeping the number of cows or amount of product static, we predict that net GHG emissions will reduce by ~0.6%/year of total dairy emissions if milk production remains static, compared with 0.3%/year, if cow numbers remain the same and there is genetic improvement in milk-production traits.
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2015
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006426
Supplementary material to "A Review of MIS 5e Sea-level Proxies around Japan"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-12-2020
Relationships between Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Function
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1155/2010/191253
Abstract: Background . Obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to independently increase the risk of CVD mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CRF, body fatness and markers of arterial function. Method and Results . Obese (9 male, 18 female BMI 35.3 ± 0.9 kg·m -2 ) and lean (8 male, 18 female BMI 22.5 ± 0.3 kg·m -2 ) volunteers were assessed for body composition (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness (predicted max), blood pressure (BP), endothelial vasodilatator function (FMD), and arterial compliance (AC) (via radial artery tonometry). The obese group had more whole body fat and abdominal fat (43.5 ± 1.2% versus 27.2 ± 1.6% and 48.6 ± 0.9% versus 28.9 ± 1.8% resp.), and lower FMD (3.2 ± 0.4% versus 5.7 ± 0.7% ) than the lean subjects, but there was no difference in AC. AC in large arteries was positively associated with CRF ( ) but not with fatness. Conclusion . These results indicate distinct influences of obesity and CRF on blood vessel health. FMD was impaired with obesity, which may contribute to arterial and metabolic dysfunction. Low CRF was associated with reduced elasticity in large arteries, which could result in augmentation of aortic afterload.
Studies of the Quaternary in Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
New breeding objectives and selection indices for the Australian dairy industry
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 10-2016
Abstract: This study comprises an update of the economic values for dairy traits for the Australian industry and the formulation of updated selection indices. An economic model, which calculates partial economic values for each trait in idually, was developed to determine the economic implications of selective dairy breeding, based on the effect of trait changes on the profit of commercial dairy farms in Australia. Selection indices were developed from economic values, which were transformed into base economic weights by including the discounted genetic expressions coefficients. Economic weights (in Australian dollars) were 1.79, 6.92, -0.10, -5.44, 8.84, 7.68, 1.07, 4.86, 1.91, 3.51, 4.90, 0.31, 2.03, 2.00, and 0.59, for milk fat (kg), milk protein (kg), milk volume (L), body weight (kg), survival (%), residual survival (%), somatic cell count (cells/mL), fertility (%), mammary system [Australian Breeding Value (ABV) unit], temperament (ABV unit), milking speed (ABV unit), udder depth (%), overall type (%), fore udder attachment (%), and pin set (%), respectively. The updated economic weights presented in this study constituted the basis of the definition for 3 new indices. These indices were developed from combination of bioeconomic principles, patterns of farmer preferences for trait improvements, and desired gains approaches. The 3 indices, Balanced Performance Index, Health Weighted Index, and Type Weighted Index, have been released to the industry.
Lifestyle management improves quality of life and depression in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
A single exercise test for assessing physiological and performance parameters in elite rowers: The 2-in-1 test
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Including nonadditive genetic effects in mating programs to maximize dairy farm profitability
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 02-2017
N ‐3 enrichment of pork with fishmeal: Effects on production and consumer acceptability
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2008
Invited review: Opportunities for genetic improvement of metabolic diseases
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 09-2016
Influence of the Schwabe/Hale solar cycles on climate change during the Maunder Minimum
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S1743921309993048
Abstract: We have examined the variation of carbon-14 content in annual tree rings, and investigated the transitions of the characteristics of the Schwabe/Hale (11-year/22-year) solar and cosmic-ray cycles during the last 1200 years, focusing mainly on the Maunder and Spoerer minima and the early Medieval Maximum Period. It has been revealed that the mean length of the Schwabe/Hale cycles changes associated with the centennial-scale variation of solar activity level. The mean length of Schwabe cycle had been ~14 years during the Maunder Minimum, while it was ~9 years during the early Medieval Maximum Period. We have also found that climate proxy record shows cyclic variations similar to stretching/shortening Schwabe/Hale solar cycles in time, suggesting that both Schwabe and Hale solar cycles are playing important role in climate change. In this paper, we review the nature of Schwabe and Hale cycles of solar activity and cosmic-ray flux during the Maunder Minimum and their possible influence on climate change. We suggest that the Hale cycle of cosmic rays are lified during the grand solar minima and thus the influence of cosmic rays on climate change is prominently recognizable during such periods.
Strategies for noise reduction and standardization of milk mid-infrared spectra from dairy cattle
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 07-2019
Reply to the comment by W.R. Peltier
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
Sediment waves on the Conrad Rise, Southern Indian Ocean: Implications for the migration history of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Rapid glaciation and a two-step sea level plunge into the Last Glacial Maximum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-018-0335-4
Abstract: The approximately 10,000-year-long Last Glacial Maximum, before the termination of the last ice age, was the coldest period in Earth's recent climate history
Evidence of solar insolation and internal forcing of sea surface temperature changes in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean during the Holocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Towards solving the missing ice problem and the importance of rigorous model data comparisons
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-10-2022
Weight loss improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese men with features of the metabolic syndrome
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
Millennial-scale alkenone sea surface temperature changes in the northern South China Sea during the past 45,000 years (MD972146)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Coral Record of Younger Dryas Chronozone Warmth on the Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2020PA003962
The last deglacial history of Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.1465
Atmospheric Δ14C reduction in simulations of Atlantic overturning circulation shutdown
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-04-2013
DOI: 10.1002/GBC.20035
Holocene sea level reconstruction using lagoon specific local marine reservoir effect and geophysical modeling in Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Earth surface environmental changes during the last two terminations
Publisher: Japan Association for Quaternary Research
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4116/JAQUA.49.337
The cost-benefit of genomic testing of heifers and using sexed semen in pasture-based dairy herds
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 07-2018
An in situ cosmogenic 14C extraction system at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Sea-level rise during Termination II inferred from large benthic foraminifers: IODP Expedition 310, Tahiti Sea Level
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Potentially large post-1505 AD earthquakes in western Nepal revealed by a lake sediment record
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-10093-4
Abstract: According to paleoseismological studies, the last earthquake that ruptured the Main Frontal Thrust in western Nepal occurred in 1505 AD. No evidence of large earthquakes has been documented since, giving rise to the concept of a seismic gap in the central Himalaya. Here, we report on a new record of earthquake-triggered turbidites from Lake Rara, western Nepal. Our lake-sediment record contains eight possibly moderate-to-large earthquake-triggered turbidites during the last 800 years, three of which overlap in age with previously reported M w ≥ 7 events in western Nepal. Shaking intensity modelling, together with instrumental records, suggests that near-field earthquakes (≤15 km) should have a minimum M w 5.6, and regional earthquakes (≤80 km) a M w ~ 6.5, to trigger turbidites. We present a likely scenario that western Nepal may be as seismically active as central Nepal however, more data are needed to revaluate the seismic risk in the central Himalaya.
Effect of caloric restriction with and without exercise training on oxidative stress and endothelial function in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-10-2008
Health-related quality of life in obese children and adolescents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2009
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2009.42
Abstract: This review addresses the effect of overweight and obese weight status on pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, AMED and PubMed were searched for peer-reviewed studies in English reporting HRQOL and weight status in youth (<21 years), published before March 2008. Twenty-eight articles were identified. Regression of HRQOL against body mass index (BMI) using pooled data from 13 studies utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory identified an inverse relationship between BMI and pediatric HRQOL (r=-0.7, P=0.008), with impairments in physical and social functioning consistently reported. HRQOL seemed to improve with weight loss, but randomized controlled trials were few and lacked long-term follow-up. Little is known about the factors associated with reduced HRQOL among overweight or obese youth, although gender, age and obesity-related co-morbidities may play a role. Few studies have examined the differences in HRQOL between community and treatment-seeking s les. Pooled regressions suggest pediatric self-reported HRQOL can be predicted from parent proxy reports, although parents of obese youths tend to perceive worse HRQOL than children do about themselves. Thus, future research should include both pediatric and parent proxy perspectives.
Quantitative determination of long-term erosion rates of weathered granitic soil surfaces in western Abukuma, Japan using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profile
Publisher: Geochemical Society of Japan
Date: 2010
Prediction of blood β-hydroxybutyrate content and occurrence of hyperketonemia in early-lactation, pasture-grazed dairy cows using milk infrared spectra
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of milk infrared spectra to predict blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration for use as a management tool for cow metabolic health on pasture-grazed dairy farms and for large-scale phenotyping for genetic evaluation purposes. The study involved 542 cows (Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbreds), from 2 farms located in the Waikato and Taranaki regions of New Zealand that operated under a seasonal-calving, pasture-based dairy system. Milk infrared spectra were collected once a week during the first 5 wk of lactation. A blood "prick" s le was taken from the ventral labial vein of each cow 3 times a week for the first 5 wk of lactation. The content of BHB in blood was measured immediately using a handheld device. After outlier elimination, 1,910 spectra records and corresponding BHB measures were used for prediction model development. Partial least square regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to develop prediction models for quantitative determination of blood BHB content and for identifying cows with hyperketonemia (HYK). Both quantitative and discriminant predictions were developed using the phenotypes and infrared spectra from two-thirds of the cows (randomly assigned to the calibration set) and tested using the remaining one-third (validation set). A moderate accuracy was obtained for prediction of blood BHB. The coefficient of determination (R
Genomewide association study of methane emissions in angus beef cattle with validation in dairy cattle
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2016
Soya isoflavone supplementation enhances spatial working memory in men
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114509990201
Abstract: Females perform better in certain memory-related tasks than males. Sex differences in cognitive performance may be attributable to differences in circulating oestrogen acting on oestrogen β receptors (ERβ) which are prevalent in brain regions such as the hippoc us, frontal lobe and cortex that mediate cognitive functions. Since soya isoflavones are known to activate ERβ, chronic isoflavone supplementation in males may improve cognitive performance in memory-related tasks. A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial was conducted in thirty-four healthy men to investigate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on cognitive function. Volunteers were randomised to take four capsules/d containing soya isoflavones (116 mg isoflavone equivalents/d: 68 mg daidzein, 12 mg genistein, 36 mg glycitin) or placebo for 6 weeks, and the alternate treatment during the following 6 weeks. Assessments of memory (verbal episodic, auditory and working), executive function (planning, attention, mental flexibility) and visual-spatial processing were performed at baseline and after each treatment period. Isoflavone supplementation significantly improved spatial working memory ( P = 0·01), a test in which females consistently perform better than males. Compared with placebo supplementation, there were 18 % fewer attempts ( P = 0·01), 23 % fewer errors ( P = 0·02) and 17 % less time ( P = 0·03) required to correctly identify the requisite information. Isoflavones did not affect auditory and episodic memory (Paired Associate Learning, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Backward Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing), executive function (Trail Making and Initial Letter Fluency Task) or visual-spatial processing (Mental Rotation Task). Isoflavone supplementation in healthy males may enhance cognitive processes which appear dependent on oestrogen activation.
Radiocarbon variability recorded in coral skeletons from the northwest of Luzon Island, Philippines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2017
Determining the economic value of daily dry matter intake and associated methane emissions in dairy cattle
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Usefulness of milk mid-infrared spectroscopy for predicting lameness score in dairy cows
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 03-2020
Beryllium isotopes in sediments from Lake Maruwan Oike and Lake Skallen, East Antarctica, reveal substantial glacial discharge during the late Holocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Genome-wide profiling of microRNAs and prediction of mRNA targets in 17 bovine tissues
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 27-05-2019
Abstract: Background MicroRNAs regulate many eukaryotic biological processes in a temporal- and spatial-specific manner. Yet in cattle it is not fully known which microRNAs are expressed in each tissue, which genes they regulate, or which sites a given microRNA bind to within messenger RNAs (mRNAs). An improved annotation of tissue-specific microRNA network may in the future assist with the identification of causal variants affecting complex traits. Results We report findings from analysing short RNA sequence from 17 tissues from a single lactating dairy cow. Using miRDeep2, we identified 699 expressed mature microRNAs. Using TargetScan, known (60%) and novel (40%) microRNAs were predicted to interact with 780,481 sites in bovine mRNAs homologous with human. Putative interactions between microRNA families and targets were significantly enriched for interactions from previous experimental and computational identification. Characterizing features of microRNAs and targets, we showed that (1) mature microRNAs derived from different arms of the same precursor targeted different genes in different tissues (2) miRNA target sites preferentially occurred within gene regions undergoing active histone modification (3) variants within microRNAs and targets had lower allele frequencies than variants across the genome, as identified from 65 million whole genome sequence variants (4) no significant correlation was found between the abundance of microRNAs and mRNAs differentially expressed in the same tissue (5) microRNAs and target sites weren’t significantly associated with allelic imbalance of gene targets. Conclusion This study contributes to the goals of Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes consortium to improve the annotation of genomes of domestic animals.
Radiocarbon in ecology: Insights and perspectives from aquatic and terrestrial studies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2017
Genetic parameters for health traits using data collected from genomic information nucleus herds
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 12-2017
Symposium review: Building a better cow—The Australian experience and future perspectives
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 04-2018
Abstract: Genomic selection has led to opportunities for developing new breeding values that rely on phenotypes in dedicated reference populations of genotyped cows. In Australia, it has been applied to 2 novel traits: feed efficiency, which was released in 2015 as feed saved breeding values, and heat tolerance genomic breeding values, released for the first time in 2017. Feed saved is already included in the national breeding objective, which is focused on profitability and designed to be in line with farmer preferences. Our future focus is on traits associated with animal health, either directly or in combination with predictor traits, such as mid-infrared spectral data and, into the future, automated data capture. Although it is common for many evaluated traits to have genomic reliabilities ranging between 60 and 75%, many new, genomic information-only traits are likely to have reliabilities of less than 50%. Pooling of phenotype data internationally and investing in maintenance of reference populations is one option to increase the reliability of these traits the other is to apply improved genomic prediction methods. For ex le, advances in the use of sequence data, in addition to gene expression studies, can lead to improved persistence of genomic breeding values across breeds and generations and potentially lead to greater reliabilities. Lower genomic reliabilities of novel traits could reduce the overall index reliability. However, provided these traits contribute to the overall breeding objective (e.g., profit), they are worth including. Bull selection tools and personalized genetic trends are already available, but increased access to economic and automatic capture farm data may see even better use of data to improve farm management and selection decisions.
Regular consumption ofn-3 fatty acid-enriched pork modifies cardiovascular risk factors
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508025063
Abstract: The long-chain (LC) n -3 PUFA content of pork, particularly DHA, can be increased by including 15 % PorcOmega ® (a fortified tuna fishmeal product) in pig finisher diets. The aim of the present study was to see whether this enriched pork could deliver cardiovascular health benefits to consumers. In a double-blind intervention trial, thirty-three healthy adult volunteers (sixteen female and seventeen male) were randomised to consume either n -3-enriched or regular (control) pork (a selection of five fresh cuts totalling 1000 g/week) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood s les were collected every 4 weeks and analysed for serum lipids, maximally stimulated thromboxane production and erythrocyte fatty acid composition. The n -3-enriched pork provided subjects with 1·3 g LC n -3 PUFA per week. Erythrocyte DHA levels rose 15 % in the n -3 group and fell 5 % in the control group over 12 weeks ( P = 0·001). Compared with the control group, serum TAG decreased to a greater extent in the n -3 group ( P = 0·02) and serum thromboxane production increased to a lesser extent ( P = 0·004). Changes in the latter were inversely associated with changes in incorporation of DHA into erythrocytes ( r − 0·54 P 0·05). Thus the modest increases in LC n -3 PUFA intake resulting from regular consumption of enriched pork can improve cardiovascular risk factors.
Holocene Indian Ocean sea level, Antarctic melting history and past Tsunami deposits inferred using sea level reconstructions from the Sri Lankan, Southeastern Indian and Maldivian coasts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Corrigendum to “On the value of the phenotypes in the genomic era” (J. Dairy Sci. 97:7905–7915) (On the value of the phenotypes in the genomic era (2014) 97(12) (7905–7915), (S0022030214006894), (10.3168/jds.2014-8125))
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 06-2019
Possible link between multi-decadal climate cycles and periodic reversals of solar magnetic field polarity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
New evidence of Hawaiian coral reef drowning in response to meltwater pulse-1A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Holocene tsunami, storm, and relative sea level records obtained from the southern Hidaka coast, Hokkaido, Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
The use of mid-infrared spectra to map genes affecting milk composition
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 08-2019
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis of milk s les to increase the power and precision of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for milk composition and to better distinguish linked quantitative trait loci (QTL). To achieve this goal, we analyzed phenotypic data of milk composition traits, related MIR spectra, and genotypic data comprising 626,777 SNP on 5,202 Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred cows. We performed a conventional GWAS on protein, lactose, fat, and fatty acid concentrations in milk, a GWAS on in idual MIR wavenumbers, and a partial least squares regression (PLS), which is equivalent to a multi-trait GWAS, exploiting MIR data simultaneously to predict SNP genotypes. The PLS detected most of the QTL identified using single-trait GWAS, usually with a higher significance value, as well as previously undetected QTL for milk composition. Each QTL tends to have a different pattern of effects across the MIR spectrum and this explains the increased power. Because SNP tracking different QTL tend to have different patterns of effect, it was possible to distinguish closely linked QTL. Overall, the results of this study suggest that using MIR data through either GWAS or PLS analysis applied to genomic data can provide a powerful tool to distinguish milk composition QTL.
Microbialites in Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (IODP Expedition 325, NE Australia)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Comparison of three bioelectrical impedance methods with DXA in overweight and obese men
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2006.241
Late Quaternary evolution of the Kumkol Basin at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau revealed by tectonic geomorphology and the analysis of in situ cosmogenic nuclides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Crustal anorthosite formation by deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation beneath fast‐spreading axis: Constraints from chronological approach, Sr isotope, and fluid–chromite inclusion investigation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1111/IAR.12423
Abstract: Hydrothermal circulation beneath the spreading axis plays a significant role in the exchange of energy and mass between the solid Earth and the oceans. Deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation down to the crust/mantle boundary in the fast‐spreading axis has been introduced by a number of studies regarding geological investigations and numerical models. In order to assess a reaction between hydrothermal fluid and host rock around the crust/mantle boundary, we conducted bulk trace element and Sr isotope analyses with a series of in situ investigations for crustal anorthosite, a reaction product between hydrothermal fluid and gabbro in the lowermost crustal section along Wadi Fizh, northern Oman ophiolite. In addition, we conducted titanite U–Pb isotope analyses to evaluate timing of the crustal anorthosite formation in the framework of the evolutional process of the Oman ophiolite. We estimated the formation age of the crustal anorthosite at 97.5 Ma ± 5.0 Ma, overlapping with the timing of the crust formation in the paleo spreading axis. The crustal anorthosite shows high‐Th/U ratio (~2.5) and high‐initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio (0.7050) due to seawater‐derived hydrothermal fluid ingress into the precursor gabbro. With using analytical technique of micro‐excavation at cryo‐temperature, we detected Cl from a few micrometer‐sized inclusion of aqueous fluid and chromite grains. The solubility of Cr was enhanced by complexation reactions with Cl in the hydrothermal fluid. Regarding reconstructed three‐dimensional mass distribution of the inclusion and chromite composition, maximum Cr content of parental fluid was estimated at ~69 000 μg/g. The exceptionally high‐Cr content was achieved locally by leaking of fluid and synchronous chromite crystallization during fluid entrapment. Presence of the deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation could be assigned to the segment end, where cold seawater penetrates into the lowermost crust and extract heat along widely spaced network‐like fluid channel.
Identification of 1771 Meiwa Tsunami deposits using a combination of radiocarbon dating and oxygen isotope microprofiling of emerged massive Porites boulders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
A review of MIS 5e sea-level proxies around Japan
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-04-2021
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-13-1477-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Sea-level proxies for Marine Isotopic Stage 5e (MIS 5e, ca. 124 ka) are abundant along the Japanese shoreline and have been documented for over at least the past 60 years. The bulk of these sea-level proxies are identified in Japan as marine terraces, often correlated by stratigraphic relationships to identified tephra layers, or other chronologically interpreted strata. Use of stratigraphic correlation in conjunction with other techniques such as paleontological analysis, tectonic uplift rates, tephra (volcanic ash), uranium–thorium (U–Th), and carbon-14 (14C) dating have connected Japan's landforms to global patterns of sea-level change. This paper reviews over 60 years of publications containing sea-level proxies correlated with MIS 5e in Japan. Data collected for this review have been added to the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), following their standardizations on the elements necessary to analyze paleosea-levels. This paper reviewed over 70 studies, assembling data points for over 300 locations and examining related papers denoting sea-level indicators for MIS 5e. The database compiled for this review (Tam and Yokoyama, 2020) is available at 0.5281/zenodo.4294326. Sea-level proxy studies in Japan rely heavily on chronostratigraphic techniques and are recognized as reliable, though opportunities exist for further constraining through the further use of numerical age dating techniques.
Insight into Western Pacific Circulation from South China Sea Coral Skeletal Radiocarbon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2019.145
Abstract: The trajectory of the Kuroshio, the western boundary current in the north Pacific, influences regional climate. It intrudes into the South China Sea (SCS) through the Luzon Strait, resulting in the exchange of water, nutrients, heat, and salt between the Pacific and SCS. It has been reported that the trajectory of the Kuroshio has varied with decadal climate changes. However, there has been no report of an observation-based estimate of the variation in the Luzon Strait transport. Here, a 50-year, high-resolution coral skeletal radiocarbon (Δ 14 C) dataset from 1946 to 1994 is reported from Currimao, northwest of Luzon Island. Δ 14 C has been used as a sensitive tracer of seawater, and our data indicates a significant increase in Δ 14 C from 1946 to 1994 related to atmospheric nuclear bomb testing, with more rapid increase in the SCS than in the Pacific. The unusual, rapid Δ 14 C increase in the 1950s found in our SCS corals together with seasonal variation in Δ 14 C will helps constrain physical oceanographic models for the western Pacific, including the SCS.
Reduced performance of male and female athletes at 580 m altitude
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1997
Putative bovine topological association domains and CTCF binding motifs can reduce the search space for causative regulatory variants of complex traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2018
In-situ and meteoric 10Be and 26Al measurements: Improved preparation and application at the University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Intensification of the East Australian Current After ∼1400 CE
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-12-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022GL100945
Abstract: The East Australian Current (EAC) is the western boundary current of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre that transports warm tropical waters to higher southern latitudes and significantly impacts the climate of Australia and New Zealand. Modern observations show that the EAC has strengthened with rising global temperatures. However, little is known about the pre‐industrial variability of the EAC and the forcing mechanisms. Planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) Mg/Ca‐based sea surface temperature reconstructions offshore northeastern Australia between 15° and 26°S reveal an increase by ∼1.2°C after ∼1400 CE. We infer that the increase in temperature is related to a stronger EAC heat transport that is likely driven by a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyre circulation due to a progressive shift of the Southern annular mode toward its positive phase and of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation toward more El Niño‐like conditions.
Local marine reservoir age variability at Luzon Strait in the South China Sea during the Holocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Small- to ultra-small-scale radiocarbon measurements using newly installed single-stage AMS at the University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Comparing allele specific expression and local expression quantitative trait loci and the influence of gene expression on complex trait variation in cattle
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2018
Equatorial Pacific seawater pCO2 variability since the last glacial period
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-49739-0
Abstract: The ocean may have played a central role in the atmospheric p CO 2 rise during the last deglaciation. However, evidence on where carbon was exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere in this period is still lacking, h ering our understanding of global carbon cycle on glacial–interglacial timescales. Here we report a new surface seawater p CO 2 reconstruction for the western equatorial Pacific Ocean based on boron isotope analysis—a seawater p CO 2 proxy—using two species of near-surface dwelling foraminifera from the same marine sediment core. The results indicate that the region remained a modest CO 2 sink throughout the last deglaciation.
Water-load definition in the glacio-hydro-isostatic sea-level equation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2003
Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Evaluating the ability of a lifetime nutrient-partitioning model for simulating the performance of Australian Holstein dairy cows
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/AN16452
Abstract: The present study determined the ability of a lifetime nutrient-partitioning model to simulate in idual genetic potentials of Australian Holstein cows. The model was initially developed in France and has been shown to be able to accurately simulate performance of in idual cows from various breeds. Generally, it assumes that the curves of cow performance differ only in terms of scaling, but the dynamic shape is universal. In other words, simulations of genetic variability in performance between cow genotypes can be performed using scaling parameters to simply scale the performance curves up or down. Validation of the model used performance data from 63 lactations of Australian Holstein cows offered lucerne cubes plus grain-based supplement. In idual cow records were used to derive genetic scaling parameters for each animal by calibrating the model to minimise root mean-square errors between observed and fitted values, cow by cow. The model was able to accurately fit the curves of bodyweight, milk fat concentration, milk protein concentration and milk lactose concentration with a high degree of accuracy (relative prediction errors %). Daily milk yield and weekly body condition score were satisfactorily predicted, although slight under-predictions of milk yield were identified during the last stage of lactation (relative prediction errors ≈11.1–15.6%). The prediction of feed intake was promising, with the value of relative prediction error of 18.1%. The results also suggest that the current recommendation of energy required for maintenance of pasture-based cows might be under-estimated. In conclusion, this model can be used to simulate genetic variability in the production potential of Australian cows. Thus, it can be used for simulation of consequences of future genetic-selection strategies on lifetime performance and efficiency of in idual cows.
Data report: radiocarbon age of planktonic foraminifera collected at Site U1474, Natal Valley, IODP Expedition 361
Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program
Date: 30-03-2023
Conversion of GISP2-based sediment core age models to the GICC05 extended chronology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Last glacial sea-level change deduced from uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Monthly measurements of water dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in Lake Kawaguchi for three years indicating seasonal precipitation-groundwater variations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Coral reef diversity losses in China’s Greater Bay Area were driven by regional stressors
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-10-2020
Abstract: Poor water quality driven by increased nutrients is the main cause of coral ersity loss in southern China’s Greater Bay Area.
Non-destructive analyses to determine appropriate stratigraphic level for dating of tsunami deposits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Estimating Abdominal Adipose Tissue with DXA and Anthropometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2007
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2007.629
Abstract: To identify an anatomically defined region of interest (ROI) from DXA assessment of body composition that when combined with anthropometry can be used to accurately predict intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) in overweight/obese in iduals. Forty-one postmenopausal women (age, 49 to 66 years BMI, 26 to 37 kg/m(2)) underwent anthropometric and body composition assessments. ROI were defined as quadrilateral boxes extending 5 or 10 cm above the iliac crest and laterally to the edges of the abdominal soft tissue. A single-slice computed tomography (CT) scan was measured at the L3 to L4 intervertebral space, and abdominal skinfolds were taken. Forward step-wise regression revealed the best predictor model of IAAT area measured by CT (r(2) = 0.68, standard error of estimate = 17%) to be: IAAT area (centimeters squared) = 51.844 + DXA 10-cm ROI (grams) (0.031) + abdominal skinfold (millimeters) (1.342). Interobserver reliability for fat mass (r = 0.994 coefficient of variation, 2.60%) and lean mass (r = 0.986, coefficient of variation, 2.67%) in the DXA 10-cm ROI was excellent. This study has identified a DXA ROI that can be reliably measured using prominent anatomical landmarks, in this case, the iliac crest. Using this ROI, combined with an abdominal skinfold measurement, we have derived an equation to predict IAAT in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. This approach offers a simpler, safer, and more cost-effective method than CT for assessing the efficacy of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing IAAT. However, this warrants further investigation and validation with an independent cohort.
Exposure age and ice-sheet model constraints on Pliocene East Antarctic ice sheet dynamics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS8016
Abstract: The Late Pliocene epoch is a potential analogue for future climate in a warming world. Here we reconstruct Plio-Pleistocene East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) variability using cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages and model simulations to better understand ice sheet behaviour under such warm conditions. New and previously published exposure ages indicate interior-thickening during the Pliocene. An ice sheet model with mid-Pliocene boundary conditions also results in interior thickening and suggests that both the Wilkes Subglacial and Aurora Basins largely melted, offsetting increased ice volume. Considering contributions from West Antarctica and Greenland, this is consistent with the most recent IPCC AR5 estimate, which indicates that the Pliocene sea level likely did not exceed +20 m on Milankovitch timescales. The inception of colder climate since ∼3 Myr has increased the sea ice cover and inhibited active moisture transport to Antarctica, resulting in reduced ice sheet thickness, at least in coastal areas.
Dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil on erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and blood lipid levels
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S000711450785344X
Abstract: Consumption of long-chain n -3 PUFA, particularly DHA, has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors but the intake required to achieve benefits is unclear. We sought to determine the relationship between DHA intake, increases in erythrocyte DHA content and changes in blood lipids. A total of sixty-seven subjects (thirty-six male, thirty-one female, mean age 53 years) with fasting serum TAG ≥ 1·1 mmol/l and BMI kg/m 2 completed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel intervention. Subjects consumed 2, 4 or 6 g/d of DHA-rich fish oil (26 % DHA, 6 % EPA) or a placebo (Sunola oil). Fasting blood lipid concentrations and fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. For every 1 g/d increase in DHA intake, there was a 23 % reduction in TAG (mean baseline concentration 1·9 ( sem 0·1) mmol/l), 4·4 % increase in HDL-cholesterol and 7·1 % increase in LDL-cholesterol. Erythrocyte DHA content increased in proportion to the dose of DHA consumed ( r 0·72, P 0·001) and the increase after 12 weeks was linearly related to reductions in TAG ( r − 0·38, P 0·01) and increases in total cholesterol ( r 0·39, P 0·01), LDL-cholesterol ( r 0·33, P 0·01) and HDL-cholesterol ( r 0·30, P = 0·02). The close association between incorporation of DHA in erythrocytes and its effects on serum lipids highlights the importance of erythrocyte DHA as an indicator of cardiovascular health status.
Novel reverse radioisotope labelling experiment reveals carbon assimilation of marine calcifiers under ocean acidification conditions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-05-2020
Compound-Specific 14C Dating of IODP Expedition 318 Core U1357A Obtained Off the Wilkes Land Coast, Antarctica
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.2458/56.17773
Abstract: This study applied compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) to a 186-m-long sediment core (U1357A) taken from Adélie Basin located on the continental shelf off Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. The CSRA targeted C 16 fatty acid as well as C 16 ., fatty acid and cyclopheophorbide- a -enol isolated from the sediment. Due to their high degradation rate, these compounds are expected to occur in low abundances in relict organic matter deposited at this site. Twelve compound-specific (CS) 14 C ages were obtained that are mostly consistent with their stratigraphic order. The CS 14 C results of all s les are Holocene in age (9800 to 440 cal BP). These results suggest that significant sedimentation started ∼10,000 cal BP. Moreover, the data suggest that 14 C measurements of C 16:1 fatty acid and cyclopheophorbide- a -enol are useful for dating sediments from the Southern Ocean.
Components of the covariances between reproductive performance traits and milk protein concentration and milk yield in dairy cows
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 06-2018
Multidecadal oceanographic changes in the western Pacific detected through high-resolution bomb-derived radiocarbon measurements on corals
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017GC006854
Larger CO2 source at the equatorial Pacific during the last deglaciation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2014
DOI: 10.1038/SREP05261
Abstract: While biogeochemical and physical processes in the Southern Ocean are thought to be central to atmospheric CO 2 rise during the last deglaciation, the role of the equatorial Pacific, where the largest CO 2 source exists at present, remains largely unconstrained. Here we present seawater pH and pCO 2 variations from fossil Porites corals in the mid equatorial Pacific offshore Tahiti based on a newly calibrated boron isotope paleo-pH proxy. Our new data, together with recalibrated existing data, indicate that a significant pCO 2 increase (pH decrease), accompanied by anomalously large marine 14 C reservoir ages, occurred following not only the Younger Dryas, but also Heinrich Stadial 1. These findings indicate an expanded zone of equatorial upwelling and resultant CO 2 emission, which may be derived from higher subsurface dissolved inorganic carbon concentration.
Micropalaeontological evidence for Late Quaternary sea-level changes in Bonaparte Gulf, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
The effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1210/JC.2008-0751
Assessment of Northeastern Japan Tree‐Ring Oxygen Isotopes for Reconstructing Early Summer Hydroclimate and Spring Arctic Oscillation
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1029/2018GC007634
Abstract: The spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) significantly affects the subsequent summer rainfall in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region, and analysis of meteorological data indicates this teleconnection strength varied on interdecadal timescales during the late 20th century. Tree‐ring records may be able to extend the relatively short observational record, but the extent to which these proxy reconstructions correspond to AO variability has yet to be explored in this region. Therefore, we present new tree‐ring cellulose oxygen isotope (δ 18 O) records from northeastern Japan (Akita, northern limit of EASM), spanning a.d. 1950 to 2003 which overlaps with the instrumental record. Tree‐ring δ 18 O is used for reconstructing the past hydroclimate variability and allows us to consider whether tree‐ring δ 18 O has the potential to clarify the longer‐term interdecadal changes in the spring AO‐EASM relationship. Measurements and analyses show that our tree‐ring δ 18 O data sets have a significant negative correlation with May‐June‐July relative humidity, and the tree‐ring δ 18 O in northeastern Japan also significantly correlates with the summer EASM index. Temporal comparisons between our record and observed monthly AO index indicate that reconstructed following early summer relative humidity significantly correlates to the previous March‐April‐May AO. This linkage changes on interdecadal timescales, and the linkage is relatively strong during early 1970s through early 1990s. Similar results are also obtained using a separate tree‐ring δ 18 O record from a separate location about 200 km to the southeast, suggesting that tree‐ring cellulose δ 18 O in northeastern Japan is indeed useful for better understanding the long‐term teleconnection between the spring AO and EASM.
Developing Ultra Small-Scale Radiocarbon Sample Measurement at the University of Tokyo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200045355
Abstract: We have developed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement techniques for ultra small-size s les ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 mg C with a new type of MC-SNICS ion source system. We can generate 4 times higher ion beam current intensity for ultra-small s les by optimization of graphite position in the target holder with the new ionizer geometry. CO 2 gas graphitized in the newly developed vacuum line is pressed to a depth of 1.5 mm from the front of the target holder. This is much deeper than the previous position at 0.35 mm depth. We measured 12 C 4+ beam currents generated by small standards and ion beam currents (15–30 μA) from the targets in optimized position, lasting 20 min for 0.01 mg C and 65 min for 0.10 mg C. We observed that the measured 14 C/ 12 C ratios are unaffected by the difference of ion beam currents ranging from 5 to 30 μA, enabling measurement of ultra-small s les with high precision. Examination of the background s les revealed 1.1 μg of modern and 1 μg of dead carbon contaminations during target graphite preparation. We make corrections for the contamination from both the modern and background components. Reduction of the contamination is necessary for conducting more accurate measurement.
Melting of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Beryllium Isotope and Grain Size of Marine Sediment Records
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.22541/ESSOAR.168500388.82176124/V1
Abstract: The rapidly melting Totten Glacier of East Antarctica drains a basin containing ~3.5 m sea-level rise equivalent of ice, but the Totten Glacier dynamics and interaction with the Southern Ocean since the Last Glacial Maximum is not well understood. To better understand the response of the glacier to present and future climate changes, an accurate reconstruction of the retreat history of the Totten Glacier is needed. Hence, this study uses a multiproxy approach in analyzing beryllium isotopes, the first such record from this location, and grain size of a sediment core collected from the continental slope adjacent to Totten Glacier. The results, when evaluated together with nearby proxy records, reveal that the initial deglaciation of the Totten Glacier sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet began at ~18 ka BP. The rapid deglaciation from ~9 ka BP that followed is assumed to be caused by the intrusion of modified Circumpolar Deep Water to the grounding zone of the Totten Glacier. This intrusion may also be coupled with a weaker Antarctic Slope Current and southward shift of Antarctic easterlies. This result contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the dynamical response of marine-terminating glaciers to climate variability during the last deglaciation.
Orbital-scale environmental and climatic changes recorded in a new ∼200,000-year-long multiproxy sedimentary record from Padul, southern Iberian Peninsula
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
A single stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
A Reconstruction of Subtropical Western North Pacific SST Variability Back to 1578, Based on aPoritesCoral Sr/Ca Record from the Northern Ryukyus, Japan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017PA003203
Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-05-2008
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2008.66
Abstract: Impaired endothelial function in obesity may reduce blood flow to sites of metabolism, contributing to impaired fat oxidation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols and regular exercise, interventions known to improve endothelial function, on cardiometabolic function and body composition in obese in iduals. Overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to high-flavanol cocoa (HF, 902 mg flavanols), HF and exercise, low-flavanol cocoa (LF, 36 mg flavanols), or LF and exercise for 12 weeks (exercise duration was 3 x 45 min per week at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), supine blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma insulin, and glucose levels were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was determined using the modified homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2). A total of 49 subjects (M=18 F=31) completed the intervention. Baseline averages were as follows: body mass index=33.5 kg/m(2) BP=123/76 mm Hg HOMA2=2.4 FMD=4.3% rate of fat oxidation during exercise=0.34 g min(-1) abdominal fat=45.7% of total abdominal mass. Compared to LF, HF increased FMD acutely (2 h post-dose) by 2.4% (P<0.01) and chronically (over 12 weeks P<0.01) by 1.6% and reduced insulin resistance by 0.31% (P<0.05), diastolic BP by 1.6 mm Hg and mean arterial BP by 1.2 mm Hg (P<0.05), independent of exercise. Regular exercise increased fat oxidation during exercise by 0.10 g min(-1) (P<0.01) and reduced abdominal fat by 0.92% (P<0.05). Although HF consumption was shown to improve endothelial function, it did not enhance the effects of exercise on body fat and fat metabolism in obese subjects. However, it may be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in this population.
Partitioning of energy and nitrogen in lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with divergent residual feed intake
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/AN16476
Abstract: Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between an animal’s actual and expected feed intake. Two experiments were conducted comparing energy and nitrogen partitioning in mid-lactation, in Holstein–Friesian cows selected for high or low RFI measured previously as growing calves. Each experiment used 16 cows (8 high-RFI and 8 low-RFI) the first used primiparous (PP) cows and the second used multiparous (MP) cows. Cows were housed in idually for 4 days in metabolism stalls, then open-circuit respiration chambers for 3 days. Each cow was offered ad libitum lucerne hay cubes plus 6 kg DM per day of crushed wheat grain. In idual feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and faecal and urine output were measured. Methane and carbon dioxide output and oxygen consumption were measured in the chambers. In MP cows, a greater proportion of energy intake was partitioned to milk and less to heat in low-RFI than high-RFI cows. The proportion of gross-energy intake per kilogram metabolic bodyweight partitioned to milk production was greater and the proportion partitioned to methane and heat production was lower in MP than in PP cows. Energy from tissue mobilisation was not affected by RFI or parity. The amount of nitrogen consumed from feed was greater in MP than PP cows. As a percentage of N intake, N partitioned to milk was greater in PP than in MP cows, but there were no overall effects of RFI on N partitioning. However, there was a trend towards a positive association between N excreted in the urine and RFI, which could have environmental implications. Both RFI and parity were associated with variation in energy and nitrogen partitioning and should be examined in a larger subset of animals in future.
Predicting milk fatty acids and energy balance of dairy cows in Australia using milk mid-infrared spectroscopy
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/AN18532
Abstract: Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is traditionally used for analysing milk fat, protein and lactose concentrations in dairy production, but there is growing interest in using it to predict difficult, or expensive-to-measure, phenotypes on a large scale. The resulting prediction equations can be applied to MIRS data from commercial herd-testing, to facilitate management and feeding decisions, or for genomic selection purposes. We investigated the ability of MIRS of milk s les to predict milk fatty acids (FAs) and energy balance (EB) of dairy cows in Australia. Data from 240 Holstein lactating cows that were part of two 32-day experiments, were used. Milk FAs were measured twice during the experimental period. Prediction models were developed using partial least-square regression with a 10-fold cross-validation. Measures of prediction accuracy included the coefficient of determination (R2cv) and root mean-square error. Milk FAs with a chain length of ≤16 were accurately predicted (0.89 ≤ R2cv ≤ 0.95), while prediction accuracy for FAs with a chain length of ≥17 was slightly lower (0.72 ≤ R2cv ≤ 0.82). The accuracy of the model prediction was moderate for EB, with the value of R2cv of 0.48. In conclusion, the ability of MIRS to predict milk FAs was high, while EB was moderately predicted. A larger dataset is needed to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the prediction models.
n-3 Fatty acid supplementation and regular moderate exercise: differential effects of a combined intervention on neutrophil function
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507707286
Abstract: CVD is associated with a cellular inflammatory/immune response. n -3 PUFA and moderate aerobic exercise independently alter cytokine production and leucocyte function. There is limited evidence for the combined effect of these treatments on immune function, particularly in patients with risk factors for CVD. We hypothesised that exercise would enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of n -3 PUFA. In a randomised, placebo-controlled study, fifty volunteers were allocated double-blind to consume either sunflower oil (6 g/d, placebo) or DHA-rich fish oil (6 g/d about 2 g n -3 PUFA 1·6 g DHA /d) for 12 weeks. Volunteers were further randomised to undertake regular exercise (walking 3 d/week for 45 min at 75 % of maximum heart rate) or maintain their usual physical activity for 12 weeks. Immune functions were assessed in blood taken initially and after 12 weeks. There was no effect on cytokine production by T cells and monocytes. Superoxide anion production from stimulated blood neutrophils was decreased by fish oil (19·5 ( sem 8·5) %, P = 0·016) but not by exercise, and this change was negatively correlated with the incorporation of DHA into erythrocytes ( r –0·385, P = 0·047). Participation in regular exercise maintained neutrophil bactericidal activity, which decreased in non-exercising subjects (2·9 ( sem 0·7) %, P = 0·013). Neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence were not significantly affected by exercise, oil, or the combination of the two. Thus the combination of moderate exercise and fish-oil supplementation, which reduces cardiovascular risk, may also help to counteract inflammation.
Self-management for obesity and cardio-metabolic fitness: Description and evaluation of the lifestyle modification program of a randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
Spatial extent of the mid- to late Holocene sedimentary record of tsunamis along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2022
Spatial extension of the mid to late Holocene sedimentary record of tsunamis along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido Japan
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2021
Depositional environments beneath the shelf-edge slopes of the Great Barrier Reef, inferred from foraminiferal assemblages: IODP Expedition 325
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Sediment source-to-sink, human influences and paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the coastal zone of East and Southeast Asia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum: sea-level change during Oxygen Isotope Stages 3 and 2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
Gene expression analysis of blood, liver, and muscle in cattle divergently selected for high and low residual feed intake
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.2527/JAS2016.1320
A Characteristic Form of Diatom Melosira as an Indicator of Marine Limit during the Holocene in Japan.
Publisher: Japan Association for Quaternary Research
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.4116/JAQUA.35.99
Geno-Diver: A combined coalescence and forward-in-time simulator for populations undergoing selection for complex traits
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JBG.12277
Abstract: Geno-Diver is a combined coalescence and forward-in-time simulator designed to simulate complex traits with a quantitative and/or fitness component and implement multiple selection and mating strategies utilizing pedigree or genomic information. The simulation is carried out in two steps. The first step generates whole-genome sequence data for founder in iduals. A variety of trait architectures can be generated for quantitative and fitness traits along with their covariance. The second step generates new in iduals forward-in-time based on a variety of selection and mating scenarios. Genetic values are predicted for in iduals utilizing pedigree or genomic information. Relationship matrices and their associated inverses are generated using computationally efficient routines. We benchmarked Geno-Diver with a previous simulation program and described how to simulate a traditional quantitative trait along with a quantitative and fitness trait. A user manual with ex les, source code in C++11 and executable versions of Geno-Diver for Linux are freely available at eremyhoward/Geno-Diver.
Improving the reliability of female fertility breeding values using type and milk yield traits that predict energy status in Australian Holstein cattle
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 2016
10Be evidence for delayed acquisition of remanent magnetization in marine sediments: Implication for a new age for the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
Classifying the fertility of dairy cows using milk mid-infrared spectroscopy
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 11-2019
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, MIR-derived traits including milk composition, milk fatty acids, and blood metabolic profiles (fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea), and other on-farm data for discriminating cows of good versus poor likelihood of conception to first insemination (i.e., pregnant vs. open). A total of 6,488 spectral and milk production records of 2,987 cows from 19 commercial dairy herds across 3 Australian states were used. Seven models, comprising different explanatory variables, were examined. Model 1 included milk production concentrations of fat, protein, and lactose somatic cell count age at calving days in milk at herd test and days from calving to insemination. Model 2 included, in addition to the variables in model 1, milk fatty acids and blood metabolic profiles. The MIR spectrum collected before first insemination was added to model 2 to form model 3. Fat, protein, and lactose percentages, milk fatty acids, and blood metabolic profiles were removed from model 3 to create model 4. Model 5 and model 6 comprised model 4 and either fertility genomic estimated breeding value or principal components obtained from a genomic relationship matrix derived using animal genotypes, respectively. In model 7, all previously described sources of information, but not MIR-derived traits, were used. The models were developed using partial least squares discriminant analysis. The performance of each model was evaluated in 2 ways: 10-fold random cross-validation and herd-by-herd external validation. The accuracy measures were sensitivity (i.e., the proportion of pregnant cows that were correctly classified), specificity (i.e., the proportion of open cows that were correctly classified), and area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating curve. The results showed that in all models, prediction accuracy obtained through 10-fold random cross-validation was higher than that of herd-by-herd external validation, with the difference in AUC ranging between 0.01 and 0.09. In the herd-by-herd external validation, using basic on-farm information (model 1) was not sufficient to classify good- and poor-fertility cows the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were around 0.66. Compared with model 1, adding milk fatty acids and blood metabolic profiles (model 2) increased the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC by 0.01, 0.02, and 0.02 unit, respectively (i.e., 0.65, 0.63, and 0.678). Incorporating MIR spectra into model 2 resulted in sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of 0.73, 0.63, and 0.72, respectively (model 3). The comparable prediction accuracies observed for models 3 and 4 mean that useful information from MIR-derived traits is already included in the spectra. Adding the fertility genomic estimated breeding value and animal genotypes (model 7) produced the highest prediction accuracy, with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of 0.75, 0.66, and 0.75, respectively. However, removing either the fertility estimated breeding value or animal genotype from model 7 resulted in a reduction of the prediction accuracy of only 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates that MIR and other on-farm data could be used to classify cows of good and poor likelihood of conception with promising accuracy.
A sea-level plateau preceding the Marine Isotope Stage 2 minima revealed by Australian sediments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-42573-4
Abstract: Further understanding of past climate requires a robust estimate of global ice volume fluctuations that in turn rely on accurate global sea-level reconstructions. An advantage of Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2) is the availability of suitable material for radiocarbon dating to allow comparison of sea-level data with other paleoclimatic proxies. However, the number and accuracy of sea-level records during MIS 2 is currently lacking. Here we present the history of MIS 2 eustatic sea-level change as recorded in the Bonaparte Gulf, northwestern Australia by reconstructing relative sea level and then modeling glacial isostatic adjustment. The isostatically-corrected global sea-level history indicates that sea-level plateaued from 25.9 to 20.4 cal kyr BP (modeled median probability) prior reaching its minimum (19.7 to 19.1 cal kyr BP). Following the plateau, we detect a 10-m global sea-level fall over ~1,000 years and a short duration of the Last Glacial Maximum (global sea-level minimum 19.7 to 19.1 cal kyr BP). These large changes in ice volume over such a short time indicates that the continental ice sheets never reached their isostatic equilibrium during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Gauging Quaternary Sea Level Changes Through Scientific Ocean Drilling
Publisher: The Oceanography Society
Date: 03-2019
A rapid and precise method of establishing age model for coral skeletal radiocarbon to study surface oceanography using coupled X-ray photos and ICP-AES measurement
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Efficient radiocarbon measurements on marine and terrestrial samples with single stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
No difference in net uptake or disposal of lactate by trained and untrained forearms during incremental sodium lactate infusion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2001
Lactate disposal in resting trained and untrained forearm skeletal muscle during high intensity leg exercise
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00357636
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