ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5821-3637
Current Organisations
University of the Witwatersrand
,
Griffith University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Genetics | Biological (Physical) Anthropology | Genomics | Anthropology | Anthropological Genetics | Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics | Other Environmental Sciences | Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified | Zoology not elsewhere classified | Archaeology | Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Ecological Applications | Public Health and Health Services | Evolutionary Biology | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health | Archaeological Science | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Archaeology | Health Informatics | Systems Biology | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Information and Knowledge Systems | Evolution of Developmental Systems | Molecular Evolution | Environmental Biotechnology | Ecological Impacts of Climate Change | Plant Systematics, Taxonomy And Phylogeny | Molecular Evolution | Biodiscovery | Biological Control | Biogeography | Cell Development, Proliferation and Death
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Understanding Australia's Past | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Understanding Asia's Past | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity of environments not elsewhere classified | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Environments (excl. Social Impacts) | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education | Native forests | Expanding Knowledge through Studies of Human Society | Conserving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage | Global Effects of Climate Change and Variability (excl. Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and the South Pacific) (excl. Social Impacts) | Information Processing Services (incl. Data Entry and Capture) | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health - Determinants of Health | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales |
Related Links
Publications
A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 13-03-2015
Abstract: It is commonly thought that human genetic ersity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically erse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported s les. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.
Genetic Relatedness and Alloparental Behaviour in a Captive Group of Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Publisher: Brill
Date: 14-02-1997
DOI: 10.1159/000157228
Abstract: Performance in everyday tasks, such as driving and sport, requires allocation of attention to task-relevant information and the ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information. Yet there are in idual differences in this attentional function ability. This research investigates a novel task for measuring attention for action, called the Multiple Object Avoidance task (MOA), in its relation to the everyday tasks of driving and sport. The aim in Study 1 was to explore the efficacy of the MOA task to predict simulated driving behaviour and hazard perception. Whilst also investigating its test-retest reliability and how it correlates to self-report driving measures. We found that superior performance in the MOA task predicted simulated driving performance in complex environments and was superior at predicting performance compared to the Useful Field of View task. We found a moderate test-retest reliability and a correlation between the attentional lapses subscale of the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire. Study 2 investigated the discriminative power of the MOA in sport by exploring performance differences in those that do and do not play sports. We also investigated if the MOA shared attentional elements with other measures of visual attention commonly attributed to sporting expertise: Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) and cognitive processing speed. We found that those that played sports exhibited superior MOA performance and found a positive relationship between MOA performance and Multiple Object Tracking performance and cognitive processing speed. Collectively, this research highlights the utility of the MOA when investigating visual attention in everyday contexts.
New Genetic Approach to Detecting Individuals of Rare and Endangered Species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1523-1739.2008.01021.X
Abstract: Many rare and endangered species are difficult to locate, observe, and study. Consequently, many in iduals, breeding pairs, and even populations of such species could remain undetected. Genetic markers can potentially be used to detect the existence of undiscovered in iduals and populations, and we propose a method to do so that requires 3 conditions. First, s ling of the known population(s) of the target species must be comprehensive. Second, the species must display a reasonable level of philopatry and genetic structuring. Third, in iduals must be able to be caught outside of breeding locations (e.g., at courtship or feeding areas, in flight), and the level of recapture must be reasonably high. We applied our method to the Chatham Island Taiko (Pterodroma magentae), one of the world's most endangered seabirds. We sequenced the Taiko mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and both copies of a fragment of the duplicated domain I of the control region. Twenty-one haplotypes were revealed, including 4 (19%) not found in birds at known burrows. These results suggest there are more burrow groups yet to be located. The species is a pelagic gadfly petrel that inhabits land only in the breeding season during which it is nocturnal and nests in burrows. Taiko burrows are situated in dense forest in a remote area of Chatham Island, and are consequently difficult to locate and study. It is important that all Taiko burrows be discovered to enable monitoring and protection of the birds from exotic predators.
Selective constraints determine the time dependency of molecular rates for human nuclear genomes.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EVS092
A zoogeographical boundary between the Palaearctic and Sino‐Japanese realms documented by consistent north/south phylogeographical divergences in three woodland birds in eastern China
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12758
Co-option of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 during development of the emu wing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-017-00112-7
Abstract: The ratites are a distinctive clade of flightless birds, typified by the emu and ostrich that have acquired a range of unique anatomical characteristics since erging from basal Aves at least 100 million years ago. The emu possesses a vestigial wing with a single digit and greatly reduced forelimb musculature. However, the embryological basis of wing reduction and other anatomical changes associated with loss of flight are unclear. Here we report a previously unknown co-option of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 to the forelimb in the emu embryo, but not in ostrich, or chicken and zebra finch, which have fully developed wings. Nkx2.5 is expressed in emu limb bud mesenchyme and maturing wing muscle, and mis-expression of Nkx2.5 throughout the limb bud in chick results in wing reductions. We propose that Nkx2.5 functions to inhibit early limb bud expansion and later muscle growth during development of the vestigial emu wing.
Birdstrikes and barcoding: can DNA methods help make the airways safer?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2010.02884.X
Abstract: While flying remains one of the safest means of travel, reported birdstrikes on aircraft have risen. This is a result of increased aircraft flight movements, changes in agricultural methods and greater environmental awareness contributing to growing populations of hazardous bird species, as well as more diligent reporting of incidents. Measures to mitigate this hazard require accurate data about the species involved however, the remains of birds from these incidents are often not easy to identify. Reported birdstrikes include a substantial number where the species cannot be determined from morphology alone. DNA barcoding offers a reliable method of identifying species from very small amounts of organic material such as blood, muscle and feathers. We compare species identification based on morphological criteria and identifications based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA barcoding methods for New Zealand species. Our data suggest that DNA-based identification can substantially add to the accuracy of species identifications, and these methods represent an important addition to existing procedures to improve air safety. In addition, we outline simple and effective protocols for the recovery and processing of s les for DNA barcoding.
A cladistic analysis of species of the molluscan genus potamopyrgus based on allozyme data
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1990
Population genetic structure and taxonomy of the common dolphin (Delphinus sp.) at its southernmost range limit: New Zealand waters
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2014
DOI: 10.1111/MMS.12027
Minisatellite DNA profiling detects lineages and parentage in the endangered kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) despite low microsatellite DNA variation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
The population genetics of reinforcing selection
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF00123305
Conserved primers for DNA barcoding historical and modern samples from New Zealand and Antarctic birds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2009.02793.X
Abstract: Our ability to DNA barcode the birds of the world is based on the effective lification and sequencing of a 648 base pair (bp) region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI or cox1) gene. For many geographic regions the large numbers of vouchered specimens necessary for the construction of a DNA barcoding database have already been collected and are available in museums and other institutions. However, many of these specimens are old (>20 years) and are stored as either fixed study skins or dried skeletons. DNA extracted from such historical s les is typically degraded and, generally, only short DNA fragments can be recovered from such specimens making the recovery of the barcoding region as a single fragment difficult. We report two sets of conserved primers that allow the lification of the entire DNA barcoding region in either three or five overlapping fragments. These primer sets allow the recovery of DNA barcodes from valuable historical specimens that in many cases are unique in that they are unable or unlikely to be collected again. We also report three new primers that in combination allow the effective lification from modern s les of the entire DNA barcoding region as a single DNA fragment for 17 orders of Southern Hemisphere birds.
The mysterious Spotted Green Pigeon and its relation to the Dodo and its kindred
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2014
No significant deviation from random mating of worldwide populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1982
DOI: 10.1038/300437A0
A comparison of five methods for assignment of sex in the takahe (Aves: Porphyrio mantelli )
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2001
Unusual electrophoretic mobility of a DNA fragment of the universal ‘non‐ratite’ sexing marker CHD allows sexing of New Zealand's endangered kiwi ratite Apteryx spp.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
Ancient DNA Analyses Reveal Contrasting Phylogeographic Patterns amongst Kiwi (Apteryx spp.) and a Recently Extinct Lineage of Spotted Kiwi
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-08-2012
Complete mitochondrial genomes of Tuatara endemic to different islands of New Zealand.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-10-2015
DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.840613
Abstract: Tuatara are the sister taxon to the Squamata (including lizards and snakes) and are regarded as the most distinctive surviving reptilian genus. They are currently inhabits on offshore islands around New Zealand and have been recognized as a species in need of active conservation management. In this study, we report a total number of five nearly complete mitochondrial genomes, which were sequenced by Sanger and Next Generation DNA sequencing methods. Our phylogenomic analysis revealed distinct clustering of tuatara populations from the north and south islands of New Zealand.
Nuclear DNA sequences detect species limits in ancient moa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2003
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE01838
Cytogenetics of New Zealand blackflies of the genus Austrosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) II. Heterozygote deficiency and non-random association of inversion heterozygotes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00128041
Ancient DNA reveals extreme egg morphology and nesting behavior in New Zealand's extinct moa.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 30-08-2010
Abstract: New Zealand's extinct flightless moa radiated rapidly into a large number of morphologically erse species, which produced an equally large range of egg morphologies. The exact number of moa species, as well as the characteristics of the eggs they laid, remains contentious. Moreover, like most extinct species, we understand little about their nesting and incubation habits. We used a modified ancient DNA extraction procedure to recover exogenous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from the inside and outside surfaces of moa eggs. We used sequences from the inside of 69 eggshells to directly assign these remains to seven of the 10 currently recognized moa species. In addition we were able to assign, to the species level, six of the rare reconstructed “whole” eggs. These molecular results enabled us to identify two distinct lineages within the genus Euryapteryx. Members of these lineages differed in eggshell thickness, with one lineage being characterized by a relatively thin eggshell. Unexpectedly, several thin-shelled eggs were also shown to belong to the heaviest moa of the genera Dinornis, Euryapteryx and Emeus , making these, to our knowledge, the most fragile of all avian eggs measured to date. Moreover, sex-specific DNA recovered from the outer surfaces of eggshells belonging to species of Dinornis and Euryapteryx suggest that these very thin eggs were likely to have been incubated by the lighter males. The thin nature of the eggshells of these larger species of moa, even if incubated by the male, suggests that egg breakage in these species would have been common if the typical contact method of avian egg incubation was used.
Ancient DNA Enables Timing of the Pleistocene Origin and Holocene Expansion of Two Adelie Penguin Lineages in Antarctica
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-08-2003
New DNA markers for penguins
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 07-11-2005
Abstract: Microevolution is regarded as changes in the frequencies of genes in populations over time. Ancient DNA technology now provides an opportunity to demonstrate evolution over a geological time frame and to possibly identify the causal factors in any such evolutionary event. Using nine nuclear microsatellite DNA loci, we genotyped an ancient population of Adélie penguins ( Pygoscelis adeliae ) aged ≈6,000 years B.P. Subfossil bones from this population were excavated by using an accurate stratigraphic method that allowed the identification of in iduals even within the same layer. We compared the allele frequencies in the ancient population with those recorded from the modern population at the same site in Antarctica. We report significant changes in the frequencies of alleles between these two time points, hence demonstrating microevolutionary change. This study demonstrates a nuclear gene-frequency change over such a geological time frame. We discuss the possible causes of such a change, including the role of mutation, genetic drift, and the effects of gene mixing among different penguin populations. The latter is likely to be precipitated by mega-icebergs that act to promote migration among penguin colonies that typically show strong natal return.
Adélie penguins and temperature changes in Antarctica: a long‐term view
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1749-4877.2012.00288.X
Abstract: During the summer months, Adélie penguins represent the dominant biomass of terrestrial Antarctica. Literally millions of in iduals nest in ice-free areas around the coast of the continent. Hence, these modern populations of Adélie penguins have often been ch ioned as an ideal biological indicator of ecological and environmental changes that we currently face. In addition, Adélie penguins show an extraordinary record of sub-fossil remains, dating back to the late Pleistocene. At this time, temperatures were much lower than now. Hence, this species offers unique long-term information, at both the genomic and ecological levels, about how a species has responded to climate change over more than 40 000 years.
Highly Informative Ancient DNA ‘Snippets’ for New Zealand Moa
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-01-2013
Using ancient DNA to enhance museum collections: a case study of rare kiwi (Apteryxspp.) specimens
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2013
The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 06-07-2018
Abstract: The past movements and peopling of Southeast Asia have been poorly represented in ancient DNA studies (see the Perspective by Bellwood). Lipson et al. generated sequences from people inhabiting Southeast Asia from about 1700 to 4100 years ago. Screening of more than a hundred in iduals from five sites yielded ancient DNA from 18 in iduals. Comparisons with present-day populations suggest two waves of mixing between resident populations. The first mix was between local hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers associated with the Neolithic spreading from South China. A second event resulted in an additional pulse of genetic material from China to Southeast Asia associated with a Bronze Age migration. McColl et al. sequenced 26 ancient genomes from Southeast Asia and Japan spanning from the late Neolithic to the Iron Age. They found that present-day populations are the result of mixing among four ancient populations, including multiple waves of genetic material from more northern East Asian populations. Science , this issue p. 92 , p. 88 see also p. 31
Genetic drift outweighs balancing selection in shaping post‐bottleneck major histocompatibility complex variation in New Zealand robins (Petroicidae)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2004
Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Trematomid Fishes (Nototheniidae, Perciformes) and the Evolution of Antarctic Fish
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1996
Abstract: The subfamily of fishes Trematominae is endemic to the subzero waters of antarctica and is part of the longer notothenioid radiation. Partial mitochondrial sequences from the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and a phylogeny for 10 trematomid species are presented. As has been previously suggested, two taxa, Trematomus scotti and T. newnesi, do not appear to be part of the main trematomid radiation. The genus Pagothenia is nested within the genus Trematomus and has evolved a unique cyropelagic existence, an association with pack ice. Using a mitochondrial rRNA molecular clock rate of 0.14% transversion changes per million years, the average age of the trematomids is estimated at 3.4 million years (MY). If the age of the trematomids is approximately 3.4 MY, this group could have speciated during the period of deglaciation in Antarctica 2.5-4.8 million years ago. This era was marked by significant changes on the Antarctic shores, such as the opening of fjords, which might have provided a stimulus for specification.
Non-Darwinian Evolution
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Evidence for specificity of psittacine beak and feather disease viruses among avian hosts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00048-X
Abstract: Beak and feather disease is a major avian disease of both captive and wild parrot and cockatoo populations. Clinical signs include beak elongation and abnormal growth, together with weight loss and in some in iduals the disease is fatal. We investigated the relationship between viral genotypes and their hosts in order to test for a positive association between distinct viral genomes and avian species. Specifically, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to lify and sequence a 605-nucleotide (nt) segment of a coding region in the Beak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV) genome. Feather and blood s les from 25 caged birds representing 10 species were assayed and the BFDV was detected in 21 s les from New Zealand. A phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from 17 specimens together with previously published sequences from Australian "isolates" revealed three lineages present in New Zealand. One viral lineage was found in six cockatoos representing two species (designated CT), a second lineage was detected in a budgerigar (designated BG), and a third was found in 10 lorikeets representing seven species (designated LK). This distinctive clustering pattern of viral sequences with groups of psittacine species indicates a genotypic association between the virus and these hosts.
Nuclear microsatellite DNA markers for New Zealand kiwi (Apteryx spp.)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2005
New developments in ancient genomics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2008.04.002
Abstract: Ancient DNA research is on the crest of a 'third wave' of progress due to the introduction of a new generation of DNA sequencing technologies. Here we review the advantages and disadvantages of the four new DNA sequencers that are becoming available to researchers. These machines now allow the recovery of orders of magnitude more DNA sequence data, albeit as short sequence reads. Hence, the potential reassembly of complete ancient genomes seems imminent, and when used to screen libraries of ancient sequences, these methods are cost effective. This new wealth of data is also likely to herald investigations into the functional properties of extinct genes and gene complexes and will improve our understanding of the biological basis of extinct phenotypes.
Genetic differences among pheromonally distinct New Zealand leafroller moths
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1994
Organisms not Species Evolve: A Reply to Ghiselin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-1990
DOI: 10.2307/2992210
Microsatellite DNA loci identify individuals and provide no evidence for multiple paternity in wild tuatara (Sphenodon: Reptilia)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2007
Genetics of potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Evidence for reproductive modes1
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1989
Is a large-scale DNA-based inventory of ancient life possible?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-02-2005
Abstract: A complete DNA-based inventory of the Earth's present biota using large-scale high-throughput DNA sequencing of signature region(s) (DNA barcoding) is an ambitious proposal rivaling the Human Genome Project. We examine whether this approach will also enable us to assess the past ersity of the earth's biota. To test this, we sequenced the 5' terminus of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene of in iduals belonging to a group of extinct ratite birds, the moa of New Zealand. Moa comprised a large number of taxa that radiated in isolation on this oceanic landmass. Using a phylogenetic approach based on a large data set including protein coding and 12S DNA sequences as well as morphology, we now have precise information about the number of moa species that once existed. We show that each of the moa species detected using this extensive data set has a unique COI barcode(s) and that they all show low levels of within-species COI variation. Consequently, we conclude that COI sequences accurately identify the species discovered using the larger data set. Hence, more generally, this study suggests that DNA barcoding might also help us detect other extinct animal species and that a large-scale inventory of ancient life is possible.
Minisatellite DNA markers reveal hybridisation between the endangered black robin and tomtit
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
Abstract: We have used multilocus minisatellite DNA profiling to assess genetic variation in the endangered and highly inbred black robins and the closely related tomtits. These species are restricted to wild populations on the Chatham Islands, off the east coast of New Zealand. DNA profiles revealed a remarkable degree of genetic similarity among black robins, as well as among the tomtits s led, although the typical profiles of these two species were clearly distinct. The parentage of two putative hybrid chicks and one putative hybrid adult was established for a 'black robin' adult male and an adult tomtit female which were found nesting together. The 'black robin' male, despite being morphologically a typical black robin, was found to possess a number of minisatellite-containing restriction fragments not recorded from the black robin population (n = 103). These fragments were however detected in tomtits. Consequently, this bird appeared to be an F1 hybrid and his three offspring were F2 hybrids. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of members of this family showed that the 'black robin' male had cytochrome b and 16S of black robin, rather than tomtit, haplotypes. This indicates that the black robin adult male hybrid was the result of a black robin female mating with a tomtit male. These findings are particularly important since tomtits had been used as cross-foster parents for black robins, as part of an earlier conservation recovery program. The existence of any hybrids thus detected would have important implications for cross-fostering programs generally, since may such programs are now being implemented in conservation programs worldwide.
Ancient nuclear genomes enable repatriation of Indigenous human remains
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 07-12-2018
Abstract: Ancient DNA facilitates the return of remains to Indigenous tribal groups, resolving a long-standing concern.
Genetic identification of moa remains recovered from Tiniroto, Gisborne
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2008
ASW: a gene with conserved avian W-linkage and female specific expression in chick embryonic gonad
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2000
Abstract: Vertebrates exhibit a variety of sex determining mechanisms which fall broadly into two classes: environmental or genetic. In birds and mammals sex is determined by a genetic mechanism. In mammals males are the heterogametic sex (XY) with the Y chromosome acting as a dominant determiner of sex due to the action of the testis-determining factor, SRY. In birds females are the heterogametic sex (ZW) however, it is not known whether the W chromosome carries a dominant ovary-determining gene, or whether Z chromosome dosage determines sex. Using an experimental approach, which assumes only that the sex-determining event in birds is accompanied by sex-specific changes in gene expression, we have identified a novel gene, ASW (Avian Sex-specific W-linked). The putative protein for ASW is related to the HIT (histidine triad) family of proteins. ASW shows female-specific expression in genital ridges and maps to the chicken W chromosome. In addition, we show that, with the exception of ratites, ASW is linked to the W chromosome in each of 17 bird species from nine different families of the class Aves.
An evaluation of methods of blood preservation for RT-PCR from endangered species
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
The Sacred Ibis debate: The first test of evolution
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-09-2018
Laughter, bonding and biological evolution
Publisher: Estonian Literary Museum Scholarly Press
Date: 11-08-2022
DOI: 10.7592/EJHR.2022.10.2.668
Abstract: This paper combines perspectives from evolutionary biology and linguistics to discuss the early evolution of laughter and the possible role of laughter-like vocalisation as a bonding mechanism in hominins and early human species. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, we here emphasise several things: the role of exaptation, the typically very slow pace of evolutionary change, and the danger of projecting backwards from the current utilities of laughter to infer its earlier function, hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of years ago. From the perspective of linguistics, we examine both the semantics of the word ‘laugh’ and the vocal mechanics of human laughter production, arguing that greater terminological care is needed in talking about the precursors of laughter in the ancient evolutionary past. Finally, we turn to hypotheses about how laughter-like vocalisations may have arisen, long before articulate language as we know it today. We focus in particular on Robin Dunbar’s hypothesis that laughter-like vocalisation, which stimulated endorphin production, might have functioned as a bonding mechanism (a kind of “vocal grooming”) among hominins and early human species. The paper contributes to the special issue theme (Humour and Belonging) by casting a long look backwards in time to laughter-like vocalisation as a distant evolutionary precursor of humour, and to bonding as an evolutionary precursor to cognitively and socially modern forms of “belonging”. At the same time, it cautions against casual theorising about the evolutionary origins of laughter.
Reconstruction and in vivo analysis of the extinct tbx5 gene from ancient wingless moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2014
East Asian allopatry and north Eurasian sympatry in Long‐tailed Tit lineages despite similar population dynamics during the late Pleistocene
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ZSC.12148
A genetic analysis of populations ofGalaxias maculatusfrom the Bay of Plenty: Implications for natal river return
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1988
Molecular sexing of individual kakapo, Strigops habroptilus Aves, from faeces
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1999
Rapid molecular evolution in a living fossil.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.TIG.2007.12.002
Abstract: The tuatara of New Zealand is a unique reptile that coexisted with dinosaurs and has changed little morphologically from its Cretaceous relatives. Tuatara have very slow metabolic and growth rates, long generation times and slow rates of reproduction. This suggests that the species is likely to exhibit a very slow rate of molecular evolution. Our analysis of ancient and modern tuatara DNA shows that, surprisingly, tuatara have the highest rate of molecular change recorded in vertebrates. Our work also suggests that rates of neutral molecular and phenotypic evolution are decoupled.
Rates of Evolution in Ancient DNA from Adélie Penguins
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 22-03-2002
Abstract: Well-preserved subfossil bones of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae , underlie existing and abandoned nesting colonies in Antarctica. These bones, dating back to more than 7000 years before the present, harbor some of the best-preserved ancient DNA yet discovered. From 96 radiocarbon-aged bones, we report large numbers of mitochondrial haplotypes, some of which appear to be extinct, given the 380 living birds s led. We demonstrate DNA sequence evolution through time and estimate the rate of evolution of the hypervariable region I using a Markov chain Monte Carlo integration and a least-squares regression analysis. Our calculated rates of evolution are approximately two to seven times higher than previous indirect phylogenetic estimates.
Keywords and concepts in structuralist and functionalist biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1988
Genetics ofPotamopyrgus antipodarum(Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Variation in unisexual populations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1990
Microsatellite DNA markers for tuatara (Sphenodon spp.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Reconstructing the tempo and mode of evolution in an extinct clade of birds with ancient DNA: The giant moas of New Zealand
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 31-05-2005
Abstract: The tempo and mode of evolution of the extinct giant moas of New Zealand remain obscure because the number of lineages and their ergence times cannot be estimated reliably by using fossil bone characters only. We therefore extracted ancient DNA from 125 specimens and genetically typed them for a 658-bp mtDNA control region sequence. The sequences detected 14 monophyletic lineages, 9 of which correspond to currently recognized species. One of the newly detected lineages was a genetically ergent form of Megalapteryx originally described as a separate species, two more were lineages of Pachyornis in southern and northeastern New Zealand, and two were basal lineages of South Island Dinornis . When results from genetic typing and previous molecular sexing were combined, at least 33.6% of the specimens were incorrectly classified. We used longer sequences of the control region and nine other mtDNA genes totaling 2,814 base pairs to derive a strongly supported phylogeny of the 14 moa lineages. Molecular dating estimated the most recent common ancestor of moas existed after the Oligocene drowning of New Zealand. However, a cycle of lineage-splitting occurred ≈4–10 million years ago, when the landmass was fragmented by tectonic and mountain-building events and general cooling of the climate. These events resulted in the geographic isolation of lineages and ecological specialization. The spectacular radiation of moa lineages involved significant changes in body size, shape, and mass and provides another ex le of the general influence of large-scale paleoenvironmental changes on vertebrate evolutionary history.
Distance-dependent patterns of molecular divergences in Tuatara mitogenomes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP08703
Abstract: Population genetic models predict that populations that are geographically close to each other are expected to be genetically more similar to each other compared to those that are widely separate. However the patterns of relationships between geographic distance and molecular ergences at neutral and constrained regions of the genome are unclear. We attempted to clarify this relationship by sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes of the relic species Tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus ) from ten offshore islands of New Zealand. We observed a positive relationship that showed a proportional increase in the neutral ersity at synonymous sites (dS), with increasing geographical distance. In contrast we showed that ersity at evolutionarily constrained sites (dC) was elevated in the case of comparisons involving closely located populations. Conversely ersity was reduced in the case of comparisons between distantly located populations. These patterns were confirmed by a significant negative relationship between the ratio of dC/dS and geographic distance. The observed high dC/dS could be explained by the abundance of deleterious mutations in comparisons involving closely located populations, due to the recent population ergence times. Since distantly related populations were separated over long periods of time, deleterious mutations might have been removed by purifying selection.
Face of the past reconstructed
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1038/463739A
Sex-Specific Restriction Fragments and Sex Ratios Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting in the Brown Skua
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-1992
Towards a million-year-old genome
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-06-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE12263
Ancient DNA and conservation: lessons from the endangered kiwi of New Zealand
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2008
Species and Neo-Darwinism
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1990
DOI: 10.2307/2992361
The Molecular Ecology of the Extinct New Zealand Huia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-11-2009
Are BOLD searches scientific? A response to Federhen (2011)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2011
Functionalism, structuralism, and “Ways of seeing”
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1984
Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 12-12-2014
Abstract: To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first ergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of erse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
Gene flow maintains genetic diversity and colonization potential in recently range‐expanded populations of an O riental bird, the L ight‐vented B ulbul (P yc
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2013
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.12067
Dams, ducks and DNA: Identifying the effects of a hydro-electric scheme on New Zealand's endangered blue duck
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
A repeat complex in the mitochondrial control region of Adélie penguins from Antarctica
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 08-2000
DOI: 10.1139/G00-018
Abstract: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire mitochondrial control region (CR) of the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Antarctica. Like in most other birds, this CR region is flanked by the gene nad6 and transfer (t)RNA trnE(uuc) at the 5' end and the gene rns and trnF(gaa) at the 3' end. Sequence analysis shows that the Adélie penguin CR contains many elements in common with other CRs including the termination associated sequences (TAS), conserved F, E, D, and C boxes, the conserved sequence block (CSB)-1, as well as the putative light and heavy strand promoters sites (LSP-HSP). We report an extraordinarily long avian control region (1758 bp) which can be attributed to the presence, at the 3' peripheral domain, of five 81-bp repeat sequences, each containing a putative LSP-HSP, followed by 30 tetranucleotide microsatellite repeat sequences consisting of (dC-dA-dA-dA) 30 . The microsatellite and the 81-bp repeat reside in an area known to be transcribed in other species.Key words: Aves, microsatellite, evolution, D-loop, TAS, WANCY.
Evolution - The struggle continues
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1986
DOI: 10.1038/321475A0
A Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid‐based Method for Complete Recovery of DNA from Bone
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-08-2015
Abstract: The successful extraction of DNA from historical or ancient animal bone is important for the analysis of discriminating genetic markers. Methods used currently rely on the digestion of bone with EDTA and proteinase K, followed by purification with phenol/chloroform and silica bed binding. We have developed a simple concentrated hydrochloric acid-based method that precludes the use of phenol/chloroform purification and can lead to a several-fold increase in DNA yield when compared to other commonly used methods. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was shown to dissolve most of the undigested bone and allowed the efficient recovery of DNA fragments <100 bases in length. This method should prove useful for the recovery of DNAs from highly degraded animal bone, such as that found in historical or ancient s les.
Is the black robin in genetic peril?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
The stability of the specific-mate recognition system ofDrosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF01071318
Second generation DNA sequencing of the mitogenome of the Chinstrap penguin and comparative genomics of Antarctic penguins.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-06-2014
DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.800503
Abstract: The complete mitochondrial genome of the Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) was sequenced and compared with other penguin mitogenomes. The genome is 15,972 bp in length with the number and order of protein coding genes and RNAs being very similar to that of other known penguin mitogenomes. Comparative nucleotide analysis showed the Chinstrap mitogenome shares 94% homology with the mitogenome of its sister species, Pygoscelis adelie (Adélie penguin). Divergence at nonsynonymous nucleotide positions was found to be up to 23 times less than that observed in synonymous positions of protein coding genes, suggesting high selection constraints. The complete mitogenome data will be useful for genetic and evolutionary studies of penguins.
The Effects of Population Bottlenecks on Multilocus DNA Variation in Robins
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-1997
Ancient DNA Suggests Dwarf and ‘Giant’ Emu Are Conspecific
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-04-2011
Sexing the Critically Endangered Kakapo Strigops habroptilus
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1071/MU00056
Evolutionary Studies of the New Zealand Coastal Mosquito Opifex Fuscus (Hutton) I. Mating Behaviour
Publisher: Brill
Date: 1983
Floater males gain reproductive success through extrapair fertilizations in the stitchbird
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1999
Ancient DNA Resolves Identity and Phylogeny of New Zealand's Extinct and Living Quail (Coturnix sp.)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-07-2009
Mating behaviour stability in strains of Drosophila melanogaster which have been kept under constant darkness for about 27 years.
Publisher: Genetics Society of Japan
Date: 1985
DOI: 10.1266/JJG.60.281
Genetic continuity within, and discontinuities among, populations of leafroller moths with distinct sex-pheromones
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.1995.132
DNA barcoding of animal species—response to DeSalle
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1002/BIES.20698
Ancient genetic variation in one of the world's rarest seabirds
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2008
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2008.85
Abstract: The Chatham Island Taiko (Tchaik, Pterodroma magentae) is one of the world's rarest seabirds. In the past there were millions of breeding pairs of Taiko and it was the most abundant burrowing petrel on Chatham Island. The present population consists of just 120-150 birds, including only 8-15 breeding pairs. Surprisingly high genetic variation was revealed by DNA sequencing of almost every known adult Taiko (N=90). Given the massive population decline, genetic variation may have been even larger in the past. Therefore, we investigated past genetic ersity by sequencing regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in 44 ancient Taiko bones. We identified a total of 12 haplotypes in Taiko. Eight haplotypes were revealed in the ancient DNA: four were unique to the bones and four corresponded to those found in the modern Taiko population. Surprisingly, despite the critically endangered status of the Taiko, no significant reduction in mitochondrial DNA haplotype ersity was observed between ancient s les (N=44) and modern adult Taiko (N=90). The modern population may have however lost four haplotypes present in the ancient populations.
The Use of Morphometric Measurements to Sex Yellow-eyed Penguins
Publisher: Waterbird Society
Date: 03-2004
Cytogenetics of New Zealand blackflies of the genusAustrosimulium(Diptera: Simuliidae) 1. The cytogenetics ofAustrosimulium australense
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1983
Data sharing: do scientists know best?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/548281B
King penguin population on Macquarie Island recovers ancient DNA diversity after heavy exploitation in historic times
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 22-02-2012
Abstract: Historically, king penguin populations on Macquarie Island have suffered greatly from human exploitation. Two large colonies on the island were drastically reduced to a single small colony as a result of harvesting for the blubber oil industry. However, recent conservation efforts have resulted in the king penguin population expanding in numbers and range to recolonize previous as well as new sites. Ancient DNA methods were used to estimate past genetic ersity and combined with studies of modern populations, we are now able to compare past levels of variation with extant populations on northern Macquarie Island. The ancient and modern populations are closely related and show a similar level of genetic ersity. These results suggest that the king penguin population has recovered past genetic ersity in just 80 years owing to conservation efforts, despite having seen the brink of extinction.
Evidence for a recent origin of penguins.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 23-12-2013
Abstract: Penguins are a remarkable group of birds, with the 18 extant species living in erse climatic zones from the tropics to Antarctica. The timing of the origin of these extant penguins remains controversial. Previous studies based on DNA sequences and fossil records have suggested widely differing times for the origin of the group. This has given rise to widely differing biogeographic narratives about their evolution. To resolve this problem, we sequenced five introns from 11 species representing all genera of living penguins. Using these data and other available DNA sequences, together with the ages of multiple penguin fossils to calibrate the molecular clock, we estimated the age of the most recent common ancestor of extant penguins to be 20.4 Myr (17.0–23.8 Myr). This time is half of the previous estimates based on molecular sequence data. Our results suggest that most of the major groups of extant penguins erged 11–16 Ma. This overlaps with the sharp decline in Antarctic temperatures that began approximately 12 Ma, suggesting a possible relationship between climate change and penguin evolution.
Kinship and genetic divergence among populations of tuatara Sphenodon punctatus as revealed by minisatellite DNA profiling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1996
Molecular evidence for the identity of the Magenta petrel
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2008.02370.X
Abstract: A lone petrel was shot from the decks of an Italian warship (the 'Magenta') while it was sailing the South Pacific Ocean in 1867, far from land. The species, unknown to science, was named the 'Magenta petrel' (Procellariiformes, Procellariidae, Pterodroma magentae). No other specimens of this bird were collected and the species it represented remained a complete enigma for over 100 years. We compared DNA sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from the Magenta petrel to that of other petrels using phylogenetic methods and ancient DNA techniques. Our results strongly suggest that the Magenta petrel specimen is a Chatham Island taiko. Furthermore, given the collection location of the Magenta petrel, our finding indicates that the Chatham Island taiko forages far into the Pacific Ocean (near South America). This has implications for the conservation of the taiko, one of the world's rarest seabirds.
Ancient mtDNA sequences from the First Australians revisited
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 06-06-2016
Abstract: This report is the first publication, to our knowledge, to report the complete mitochondrial genome of an ancient Aboriginal Australian. In addition, it also provides important evidence about the reliability of the only previous publication of this kind. The paper attained international significance, although its conclusions have remained controversial. Using second generation DNA sequencing methods, we provide strong evidence that the DNA sequences reported by Adcock et al. were, indeed, contamination. Our manuscript is also important, because the research was planned and conducted and is published with the support of the Barkindji, Ngiy aa, and Muthi Muthi indigenous groups.
Ground tit genome reveals avian adaptation to living at high altitudes in the Tibetan plateau
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS3071
Abstract: The ground tit (Parus humilis) is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. It is a member of family Paridae but it was long thought to be related to the ground jays because of their morphological similarities. Here we present the ground tit's genome and re-sequence two tits and one ground jay, to clarify this controversially taxonomic status and uncover its genetic adaptations to the Tibetan plateau. Our results show that ground tit groups with two tits and it erges from them between 7.7 and 9.9 Mya. Compared with other avian genomes, ground tit shows expansion in genes linked to energy metabolism and contractions in genes involved in immune and olfactory perception. We also found positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in hypoxia response and skeletal development. These results indicated that ground tit evolves basic strategies and 'tit-to-jay' change for coping with the life in an extreme environment.
Ultraviolet visual sensitivity in three avian lineages: paleognaths, parrots, and passerines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00359-012-0724-3
Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) light-transmitted signals play a major role in avian foraging and communication, subserving functional roles in feeding, mate choice, egg recognition, and nestling discrimination. Sequencing functionally relevant regions of the short wavelength sensitive type 1 (SWS1) opsin gene that is responsible for modulating the extent of SWS1 UV sensitivity in birds allows predictions to be made about the visual system's UV sensitivity in species where direct physiological or behavioral measures would be impractical or unethical. Here, we present SWS1 segment sequence data from representative species of three avian lineages for which visually based cues for foraging and communication have been investigated to varying extents. We also present a preliminary phylogenetic analysis and ancestral character state reconstructions of key spectral tuning sites along the SWS1 opsin based on our sequence data. The results suggest ubiquitous ultraviolet SWS1 sensitivity (UVS) in both paleognaths, including extinct moa (Emeidae), and parrots, including the nocturnal and flightless kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), and in most, but not all, songbird (oscine) lineages, and confirmed violet sensitivity (VS) in two suboscine families. Passerine hosts of avian brood parasites were included both UVS and VS taxa, but sensitivity did not co-vary with egg rejection behaviors. The results should stimulate future research into the functional parallels between the roles of visual signals and the genetic basis of visual sensitivity in birds and other taxa.
Eggshell palaeogenomics: Palaeognath evolutionary history revealed through ancient nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from Madagascan elephant bird (Aepyornis sp.) eggshell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2017.01.005
Abstract: Palaeognaths, the sister group of all other living birds (neognaths), were once considered to be vicariant relics from the breakup of the Gondwanan supercontinent. However, recent molecular studies instead argue for dispersal of volant ancestors across marine barriers. Resolving this debate hinges upon accurately reconstructing their evolutionary relationships and dating their ergences, which often relies on phylogenetic information from extinct relatives and nuclear genomes. Mitogenomes from the extinct elephant birds of Madagascar have helped inform the palaeognath phylogeny however, nuclear information has remained unavailable. Here, we use ancient DNA (aDNA) extracted from fossil eggshell, together with target enrichment and next-generation sequencing techniques, to reconstruct an additional new mitogenome from Aepyornis sp. with 33.5X coverage. We also recover the first elephant bird nuclear aDNA, represented by 12,500bp of exonic information. While we confirm that elephant birds are sister taxa to the kiwi, our data suggests that, like neognaths, palaeognaths underwent an explosive radiation between 69 and 52Ma-well after the break-up of Gondwana, and more rapidly than previously estimated from mitochondrial data alone. These results further support the idea that ratites primarily ersified immediately following the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction and convergently evolved flightlessness. Our study reinforces the importance of including information from the nuclear genome of extinct taxa for recovering deep evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, with approximately 3% endogenous aDNA retrieved, avian eggshell can be a valuable substrate for recovering high quality aDNA. We suggest that elephant bird whole genome recovery is ultimately achievable, and will provide future insights into the evolution these birds.
Does mate choice occur in Drosophila melanogaster?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1981
DOI: 10.1038/293492A0
Genetic diversity and taxonomy: a reassessment of species designation in tuatara (Sphenodon: Reptilia)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2009
Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 28-11-2014
Abstract: The origin of contemporary Europeans remains contentious. We obtained a genome sequence from Kostenki 14 in European Russia dating from 38,700 to 36,200 years ago, one of the oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans from Europe. We find that Kostenki 14 shares a close ancestry with the 24,000-year-old Mal’ta boy from central Siberia, European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, some contemporary western Siberians, and many Europeans, but not eastern Asians. Additionally, the Kostenki 14 genome shows evidence of shared ancestry with a population basal to all Eurasians that also relates to later European Neolithic farmers. We find that Kostenki 14 contains more Neandertal DNA that is contained in longer tracts than present Europeans. Our findings reveal the timing of ergence of western Eurasians and East Asians to be more than 36,200 years ago and that European genomic structure today dates back to the Upper Paleolithic and derives from a metapopulation that at times stretched from Europe to central Asia.
Ancient DNA from polynesian rats: Extraction, amplification and sequence from single small bones
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
Abstract: The human colonisation of Polynesia was a major event in world prehistory. It represents one of the last human population migrations, and one which required crossing major water barriers. Though the subject of Pacific population origins has been approached by scholars from numerous fields for nearly a century, recent years have seen the problem addressed by human geneticists. Since the initial report describing the recovery of DNA from skeletal remains, ancient DNA studies have also focused on the Pacific region. In this paper we present the results of ancient DNA analyses of Rattus exulans, an animal that was transported by ancestral Polynesians through the Pacific to the far reaches of the Polynesian triangle. Analysis of DNA of R. exulans skeletal remains has many advantages over studies of ancient human remains, yet the one drawback has been the recovery of ancient DNA from single bones of these very small rodents. We have successfully modified standard extraction protocols for ancient DNA and have consistently extracted, lified and sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from less than 0.1 g of R. exulans bone and tooth s les recovered from archaeological sites throughout the Pacific, ranging from 400 to 2000 years old.
Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE19792
Exploring red ochre use in Timor-Leste and surrounds: Headhunting, burials, and beads
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2018
Mutational Bias in Penguin Microsatellite DNA
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2005
Abstract: Analysis of nucleotide sequence variation at a microsatellite DNA locus revealed extensive size homoplasy of alleles in Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). Variation in the flanking regions at this locus allowed discrimination between mechanisms proposed for length changes in microsatellite DNA alleles. We further examined the structure of alleles for the same microsatellite DNA locus across 11 additional species of penguin (Spheniscidae) by mapping allele sequences onto an independent penguin phylogeny. Our analysis indicated that the repeat motifs appear to have evolved independently on several occasions. We observed sequence instability in the region bordering the repeat tract with a transversional bias predominating. We propose that this bias results from inaccurate DNA replication owing to the sequence context of this repeat tract. Because we show that regions flanking repeat sequences exhibit this mutational bias, this cautions against the use of such regions for phylogeny reconstruction.
Wife-Sharing in the Tasmanian Native Hen (Gallinula mortierii): Is It Caused by a Male-Biased Sex Ratio?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-1998
DOI: 10.2307/4089219
Specific-mate recognition systems, phylogenies and asymmetrical evolution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1984
Captive management and molecular sexing of endangered avian species: An application to the black stilt Himantopus novaezelandiae and hybrids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1997
Mitogenomic diversity in Sacred Ibis Mummies sheds light on early Egyptian practices.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-11-2019
Laboratory-induced changes in the mate recognition system ofDrosophila pseudoobscura
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF01070804
Abstract: This study of 2,163 adult chronic, non-cancer-pain, long-term opioid therapy patients examines the relationship of depression to functional disability by measuring average pain interference, activity limitation days, and employment status. Those with more depression symptoms compared to those with fewer were more likely to have worse disability on all 3 measures (average pain interference score >5, OR = 5.36, p < .0001 activity limitation days ≥ 30, OR = 4.05, p < .0001 unemployed due to health reasons, OR = 4.06, p < .0001). Depression might play a crucial role in the lives of these patients identifying and treating depression symptoms in chronic pain patients should be a priority.
Mutation and Evolutionary Rates in Adélie Penguins from the Antarctic
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-10-2008
DNA fingerprinting in zoology: Past, present, future
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2014
Time dependency of molecular evolutionary rates? Yes and no.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EVR108
Characterization of variable microsatellite loci in Forbes’ parakeet (Cyanoramphus forbesi) and their use in other parrots
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2005
Genetic monogamy mirrors social monogamy in the Fiordland crested penguin
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2000
Correction
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 17-01-2006
Ancient population genomics and the study of evolution
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 19-01-2015
Abstract: Recently, the study of ancient DNA (aDNA) has been greatly enhanced by the development of second-generation DNA sequencing technologies and targeted enrichment strategies. These developments have allowed the recovery of several complete ancient genomes, a result that would have been considered virtually impossible only a decade ago. Prior to these developments, aDNA research was largely focused on the recovery of short DNA sequences and their use in the study of phylogenetic relationships, molecular rates, species identification and population structure. However, it is now possible to sequence a large number of modern and ancient complete genomes from a single species and thereby study the genomic patterns of evolutionary change over time. Such a study would herald the beginnings of ancient population genomics and its use in the study of evolution. Species that are amenable to such large-scale studies warrant increased research effort. We report here progress on a population genomic study of the Adélie penguin ( Pygoscelis adeliae ). This species is ideally suited to ancient population genomic research because both modern and ancient s les are abundant in the permafrost conditions of Antarctica. This species will enable us to directly address many of the fundamental questions in ecology and evolution.
A DNA test to sex ratite birds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2002
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-294X.2002.01483.X
Abstract: DNA-based sex tests now exist for many avian species. However, none of these tests are widely applicable to ratites. We present DNA sequence data for a locus that is W chromosome-linked in the kiwi, ostrich, cassowary, rhea, and emu. At the amino acid level, this sequence has significant homology to X-linked genes in platyfish and Caenorhabditis elegans. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers designed to this locus allow the assignment of sex in all species of living ratites.
Resurrecting ancient animal genomes: The extinct moa and more
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-06-2012
Abstract: Recently two developments have had a major impact on the field of ancient DNA (aDNA). First, new advances in DNA sequencing, in combination with improved capture/enrichment methods, have resulted in the recovery of orders of magnitude more DNA sequence data from ancient animals. Second, there has been an increase in the range of tissue types employed in aDNA. Hair in particular has proven to be very successful as a source of DNA because of its low levels of contamination and high level of ancient endogenous DNA. These developments have resulted in significant advances in our understanding of recently extinct animals: namely their evolutionary relationships, physiology, and even behaviour. Hair has been used to recover the first complete ancient nuclear genome, that of the extinct woolly mammoth, which then facilitated the expression and functional analysis of haemoglobins. Finally, we speculate on the consequences of these developments for the possibility of recreating extinct animals.
Single- and multilocus DNA fingerprinting of communally breeding pukeko: do copulations or dominance ensure reproductive success?
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 27-09-1994
Abstract: In behavioral and ecological studies the "function" of dominance hierarchies is thought to be related to reproductive success. In particular, dominant males are regarded as likely to gain a reproductive advantage due to enhanced "access" to females. We compare the dominance status of adults with the frequency of copulations and the patterns of parentage in communally breeding pukeko or purple sw hen (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus). This avian species has an unusual social system, often breeding in polygynandrous groups in which there is a strong dominance hierarchy. Typically, during the breeding season, there is considerable sexual activity, with heterosexual and homosexual copulations between adults being commonplace. Hae III-digested DNA from in iduals belonging to breeding groups was hybridized to the minisatellite DNA probe YNH24, revealing putative single-locus profiles, while hybridization of the same DNA to the minisatellite probes pV47-2, 3'HVR, and per revealed typical multilocus profiles. The numbers of unattributable restriction fragments allowed the maternity and paternity of all in iduals to be conclusively determined, despite high levels of band sharing among in iduals within breeding groups. These close genetic similarities are a likely consequence of strong philopatry and inbreeding. We report instances of males which are high on the dominance hierarchy but have only a limited reproductive output in comparison with others and males which are subordinate but achieve a significant proportion of fertilizations. Generally these data reveal no consistent relationship between dominance, the frequency of copulations, and parentage among males. We conclude that pukeko highlight some difficulties with conventional explanations for the "function" of dominance.
UVS is rare in seabirds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.VISRES.2011.04.008
Abstract: Ultraviolet-sensitive vision (UVS), believed to have evolved from an ancestral state of violet-sensitive vision (VS), is widespread among terrestrial birds, where it is thought to play a role in orientation, foraging, and sexual selection. Less is known, however, about the distribution and significance of UVS in seabirds. To date UVS has been definitively demonstrated only in two families (Laridae and Sternidae), although indirect evidence has been used to argue for a more widespread occurrence. In this study we analyzed short-wavelength sensitive (SWS1) opsin DNA sequences to determine the distribution of ancestral (VS) and derived (UVS) amino acid spectral tuning sites in 16 seabird species representing 8 families with erse ecological niches. Our results revealed sequences associated with UVS pigments (UVSs) in the Black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus), providing further evidence of its widespread occurrence within the Laridae. The Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) and White-fronted tern (Sterna striata), however, were found to have VSs, suggesting an evolutionary reversion to the ancestral state within Sternidae. VSs were also detected in an additional six families. Our results raise interesting questions about the functions of UV vision in marine environments.
Next generation sequencing and analysis of a conserved transcriptome of New Zealand's kiwi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2010
Abstract: Kiwi is a highly distinctive, flightless and endangered ratite bird endemic to New Zealand. To understand the patterns of molecular evolution of the nuclear protein-coding genes in brown kiwi ( Apteryx australis mantelli ) and to determine the timescale of avian history we sequenced a transcriptome obtained from a kiwi embryo using next generation sequencing methods. We then assembled the conserved protein-coding regions using the chicken proteome as a scaffold. Using 1,543 conserved protein coding genes we estimated the neutral evolutionary ergence between the kiwi and chicken to be ~45%, which is approximately equal to the ergence computed for the human-mouse pair using the same set of genes. A large fraction of genes was found to be under high selective constraint, as most of the expressed genes appeared to be involved in developmental gene regulation. Our study suggests a significant relationship between gene expression levels and protein evolution. Using sequences from over 700 nuclear genes we estimated the ergence between the two basal avian groups, Palaeognathae and Neognathae to be 132 million years, which is consistent with previous studies using mitochondrial genes. The results of this investigation revealed patterns of mutation and purifying selection in conserved protein coding regions in birds. Furthermore this study suggests a relatively cost-effective way of obtaining a glimpse into the fundamental molecular evolutionary attributes of a genome, particularly when no closely related genomic sequence is available.
High mitogenomic evolutionary rates and time dependency
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.TIG.2009.09.005
Abstract: Using entire modern and ancient mitochondrial genomes of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) that are up to 44000 years old, we show that the rates of evolution of the mitochondrial genome are two to six times greater than those estimated from phylogenetic comparisons. Although the rate of evolution at constrained sites, including nonsynonymous positions and RNAs, varies more than twofold with time (between shallow and deep nodes), the rate of evolution at synonymous sites remains the same. The time-independent neutral evolutionary rates reported here would be useful for the study of recent evolutionary events.
A novel restriction fragment length polymorphism for petrels or tube‐nosed seabirds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Are Species Self-Defining?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1987
DOI: 10.2307/2413268
Molecular and morphological evolution in tuatara are decoupled
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Mating system and genetic variation in the endangered New Zealand takahe
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Molecular sexing of the communally breeding pukeko: an important ecological tool
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.1996.TB00316.X
Abstract: A central biological parameter in the study of any animal population is the accurate assignment of sex. Indeed any ecological study of a population requires information on sex composition in relation to such biological factors as behaviour, movement, mortality and birth rate. However, our ability to assign the sex of adults of many avian species is poor and the sexing of young is universally difficult. We report here the successful application of a molecular technique for the assignment of sex in the communally breeding pukeko or purple sw hen (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus). W- and Z-linked chromosome fragments in digested genomic DNA of pukeko were detected with the DNA probe pMg1. We consequently show that this species breeds in polyandrous, polygynous and polygynandrous groups. Finally we discuss why recent molecular methods represent important new tools in ecology.
High mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity in one of the world’s most endangered seabirds, the Chatham Island Taiko (Pterodroma magentae)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2007
Erratum to: Ultraviolet visual sensitivity in three avian lineages: paleognaths, parrots, and passerines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2012
Serial population bottlenecks and genetic variation: Translocated populations of the New Zealand Saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
Limb patterning genes and heterochronic development of the emu wing bud
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2021
Radiocarbon dating of Sacred Ibis mummies from ancient Egypt
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Impacts of low coverage depths and post-mortem DNA damage on variant calling: a simulation study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2015
Molecular ecology and biological control: the mating system of a marsupial pest
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-294X.2000.00916.X
Abstract: Many studies in molecular ecology have focused on the use of repeat DNA markers to determine the nature of mating systems in a wide variety of animal species. Whilst these studies typically have focused on important issues such as the evolutionary consequences of fitness variation among males, genetic studies of mating systems are potentially also important because they can generate information of significance to wider issues in wildlife management. For ex le, genetically modified, sexually transmitted viral diseases have been suggested as potential agents for the control of vertebrate pest species. An understanding of the epidemiology of such agents requires an intimate knowledge of the sexual contact rates between in iduals of the target species. Here, we report the use of minisatellite DNA profiling to reveal the mating system in two New Zealand populations of the introduced Australian brushtail possum. The brushtail possum is New Zealand's most important mammalian pest and a species for which control by a sexually transmitted immunocontraceptive has been proposed. Encouragingly, we report considerable variation in the reproductive success of males at both study sites, with one male siring offspring from four females in one year (mean no. of offspring/reproductively successful male/year at the two sites is 1.95-2.15), while many sired none. This bias in the pattern of reproductive success among males will probably facilitate the spread of an immunocontraceptive agent and thereby increase the power of this approach to biological control.
Identification, classification, and growth of moa chicks (Aves: Dinornithiformes) from the genus Euryapteryx.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-06-2014
Social and Sexual Monogamy in Translocated New Zealand Robin Populations Detected Using Minisatellite DNA
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.2307/4089074
A molecular phylogeny of New Zealand’s Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2006.04.012
Abstract: The New Zealand robin (Petroica australis), tomtit (P. macrocephala), and Chatham Island black robin (P. traversi) are members of the Petroicidae family of Australo-Papuan robins, found throughout Australasia and the western Pacific. In the nearly 200 years since the New Zealand members of Petroicidae were first described, the ision of species, subspecies, and even genera has undergone many changes. In this study, we investigate whether molecular phylogenies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences support current taxonomic classifications based on morphology. Petroica traversi, P. australis, and P. macrocephala form distinct clades in phylogenetic trees constructed from Cytochrome b and control region sequences, however the position of the black robin is at odds with the morphological and behavioral data. The black robin does not appear to be a derivative of the New Zealand robin, instead it groups strongly with the tomtit, indicating that lineage sorting and/or introgressive hybridization may have occurred. There is some evidence to support the hypothesis that two invasions of Petroica from Australia have occurred, however additional data from Australian Petroica taxa are required to confirm this. Control region sequences confirm a deep split between the North and South Island P. australis lineages, but suggest a recent radiation of P. macrocephala.
Effect of Extra-Pair Paternity on Effective Population Size in a Reintroduced Population of the Endangered Hihi, and Potential for Behavioural Management
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2004
The sensitive period for yellow phenocopy induction in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF01953317
Abstract: Sclerostin alters bone formation. The precise and reproducible measurement of sclerostin concentrations in biological s les is important for assessment of metabolic bone disease. We determined sclerostin concentrations in serum and plasma using two commercially available ELISA. We measured sclerostin concentrations in serum or heparin-plasma obtained from 25 normal human subjects using two commercial ELISA available from Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH and TECOmedical AG. With the Biomedica assay, serum sclerostin concentrations were 0.99 ± 0.12 ng/ml (mean ± sem), and plasma concentrations were 1.47 ± 0.13 ng/ml (paired t test, P < 0.001). With the TECO assay, serum sclerostin levels were 0.71 ± 0.05 ng/ml, and plasma sclerostin concentrations were 0.80 ± 0.06 ng/ml (paired t test, P < 0.001). Serum and plasma sclerostin concentrations were significantly different when determined by the two assays (serum, P = 0.015 plasma, P < 0.001). Recovery of added recombinant sclerostin to serum was less than expected with both Biomedica and TECO assays (P < 0.001, paired t test). The concentrations of sclerostin in serum and plasma are different when determined by the two assays. Serum or plasma sclerostin concentrations with current assays should be interpreted with caution. The data suggest that the same assay should be used for comparing groups of patients or patients being followed longitudinally. Standardization of sclerostin assays is required before being introduced into general clinical laboratory use.
Patterns of prehistoric human mobility in Polynesia indicated by mtDNA from the Pacific rat
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 08-12-1998
Abstract: Human settlement of Polynesia was a major event in world prehistory. Despite the vastness of the distances covered, research suggests that prehistoric Polynesian populations maintained spheres of continuing interaction for at least some period of time in some regions. A low level of genetic variation in ancestral Polynesian populations, genetic admixture (both prehistoric and post-European contact), and severe population crashes resulting from introduction of European diseases make it difficult to trace prehistoric human mobility in the region by using only human genetic and morphological markers. We focus instead on an animal that accompanied the ancestral Polynesians on their voyages. DNA phylogenies derived from mitochondrial control-region sequences of Pacific rats ( Rattus exulans ) from east Polynesia are presented. A range of specific hypotheses regarding the degree of interaction within Polynesia are tested. These include the issues of multiple contacts between central east Polynesia and the geographically distinct archipelagos of New Zealand and Hawaii. Results are inconsistent with models of Pacific settlement involving substantial isolation after colonization and confirm the value of genetic studies on commensal species for elucidating the history of human settlement.
Complex Species Status for Extinct Moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) from the Genus Euryapteryx
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-03-2014
Gene duplication and gene conversion in class�II MHC genes of New Zealand robins (Petroicidae)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2004
DOI: 10.1007/S00251-004-0666-1
Abstract: In contrast to mammals, the evolution of MHC genes in birds appears to be characterized by high rates of gene duplication and concerted evolution. To further our understanding of the evolution of passerine MHC genes, we have isolated class II B sequences from two species of New Zealand robins, the South Island robin (Petroica australis australis), and the endangered Chatham Island black robin (Petroica traversi). Using an RT-PCR based approach we isolated four transcribed class II B MHC sequences from the black robin, and eight sequences from the South Island robin. RFLP analysis indicated that all class II B loci were contained within a single linkage group. Analysis of 3'-untranslated region sequences enabled putative orthologous loci to be identified in the two species, and indicated that multiple rounds of gene duplication have occurred within the MHC of New Zealand robins. The orthologous relationships are not retained within the coding region of the gene, instead the sequences group within species. A number of putative gene conversion events were identified across the length of our sequences that may account for this. Exon 2 sequences are highly erse and appear to have erged under balancing selection. It is also possible that gene conversion involving short stretches of sequence within exon 2 adds to this ersity. Our study is the first report of putative orthologous MHC loci in passerines, and provides further evidence for the importance of gene duplication and gene conversion in the evolution of the passerine MHC.
Ancient genomics is born
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2006
DOI: 10.1038/444275A
Microsatellite primers for the kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) and their utility in other parrots
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE18299
Abstract: The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterized. Here we generate high-coverage genomes for 83 Aboriginal Australians (speakers of Pama-Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We find that Papuan and Aboriginal Australian ancestors ersified 25-40 thousand years ago (kya), suggesting pre-Holocene population structure in the ancient continent of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania). However, all of the studied Aboriginal Australians descend from a single founding population that differentiated ~10-32 kya. We infer a population expansion in northeast Australia during the Holocene epoch (past 10,000 years) associated with limited gene flow from this region to the rest of Australia, consistent with the spread of the Pama-Nyungan languages. We estimate that Aboriginal Australians and Papuans erged from Eurasians 51-72 kya, following a single out-of-Africa dispersal, and subsequently admixed with archaic populations. Finally, we report evidence of selection in Aboriginal Australians potentially associated with living in the desert.
Gene flow on the ice: Genetic differentiation among Adélie penguin colonies around Antarctica
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.0962-1083.2001.01312.X
Abstract: Each summer Adélie penguins breed in large disjunct colonies on ice-free areas around the Antarctic continent. Comprising > 10 million birds, this species represents a dominant feature of the Antarctic ecosystem. The patchy distribution within a large geographical range, natal philopatry and a probable history of refugia, suggest that this species is likely to exhibit significant genetic differentiation within and among colonies. We present data from seven microsatellite DNA loci for 442 in iduals from 13 locations around the Antarctic continent. With the exception of one locus, there was no significant genic or genotypic heterogeneity across populations. Pairwise FST values were low with no value > 0.02. When all colonies were compared in a single analysis, the overall FST value was 0.0007. Moreover, assignment tests were relatively ineffective at correctly placing in iduals into their respective collection sites. These data reveal a lack of genetic differentiation between Adélie penguin colonies around the Antarctic continent, despite substantial levels of genetic variation. We consider this homogeneity in terms of the dispersal of in iduals among colonies and the size of breeding groups and discuss our results in terms of the glacial history of Antarctica.
Excess of unpaired males in one of the World's most endangered seabirds, the Chatham Island taiko Pterodroma magentae
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2008
The relationships and origins of the New Zealand wattlebirds (Passeriformes, Callaeatidae) from DNA sequence analyses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2006.12.008
Abstract: The monophyly of the endemic New Zealand wattlebirds (Callaeatidae) was examined through the sequencing of nuclear RAG-1 and c-mos genes and comparison to other passerine sequences. The New Zealand wattlebirds were strongly supported to be monophyletic and were nested within Corvida. An estimate for the time of ergence of the New Zealand wattlebirds indicated that the ancestors of this family arrived via transoceanic dispersal after the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. Long branches separated the three New Zealand wattlebird genera from one another and relationships among them were unresolved, even in analyses including a further 1.5 kb of mitochondrial DNA sequences. However, most of the analyses supported either a basally erging huia or kokako.
Disentangling Immediate Adaptive Introgression from Selection on Standing Introgressed Variation in Humans
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-12-2017
The Effects of Blood Sampling on the Behavior and Survival of the Endangered Chatham Island Black Robin (Petroica traversi)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1994
The mating behavior of individuals ofDrosophila pseudoobscura from New Zealand
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF01970029
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