James Dollman

A comparison of two short-term intensive physical activity interventions: methodological considerations

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-133

Walking for recreation and transport by geographic remoteness in South Australian adults

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-07-2017

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12314

Abstract: To determine differences in walking for recreation and transport between Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) categories, in South Australian adults. Cross-sectional self-reported data from adult telephone survey respondents between April and May in 2012 and 2013. Population of South Australia. A total of 4004 adults (aged over 18 years) participated: n = 1956 men and n = 2048 women. Area of residence was categorised using ARIA (major city, inner regional, outer regional and remote/very remote). Self-reported participation in walking for transport and recreation/exercise as the number of times and minutes per week. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test for median minutes and negative binomial regression for times walked with adjustment for socioeconomic status, age and body mass index. Average age was 47.8 ± 18.5 years, 51.1% were women, 70.9% lived in the major cities, 14.6% in inner regional, 10.8% in outer regional and 3.6% in remote/very remote areas. Relative to major city, times walked for recreation was lower for only remote/very remote residents (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.74 (95%CI 0.59-0.92), P = 0.008). This difference was only observed for men (IRR 0.54 (95%CI 0.39-0.73), P < 0.001). Relative to major city, times walked for transport was less for inner regional (IRR 0.74 (95%CI 0.67-0.85), P < 0.001) and outer regional (IRR 0.64 (95%CI 0.56-0.74), P < 0.001) only. This difference in transport walking was seen in both men and women. Frequency of walking varied by purpose, level of remoteness and sex. As walking is the focus of population-level health promotion, more detailed understanding of the aetiology of regular walking is needed.

Measuring Localisation Regionally to Form a Bhutanese Index

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 19-07-2016

DOI: 10.3390/SU8070690

Combining Farmers’ Preferences With Evidence-Based Strategies to Prevent and Lower Farmers’ Distress: Co-design and Acceptability Testing of ifarmwell

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 11-01-2022

DOI: 10.2196/27631

Abstract: Farming is physically and psychologically hazardous. Farmers face many barriers to help seeking from traditional physical and mental health services however, improved internet access now provides promising avenues for offering support. This study aims to co-design with farmers the content and functionality of a website that helps them adopt transferable coping strategies and test its acceptability in the broader farming population. Research evidence and expert opinions were synthesized to inform key design principles. A total of 18 farmers detailed what they would like from this type of website. Intervention logic and relevant evidence-based strategies were mapped. Website content was drafted and reviewed by 2 independent mental health professionals. A total of 9 farmers provided detailed qualitative feedback on the face validity of the draft content. Subsequently, 9 farmers provided feedback on the website prototype. Following amendments and internal prototype testing and optimization, prototype usability (ie, completion rate) was examined with 157 registered website users who were (105/157, 66.9%) female, aged 21-73 years 95.5% (149/156) residing in inner regional to very remote Australia, and 68.2% (107/157) “sheep, cattle and/or grain farmers.” Acceptability was examined with a subset of 114 users who rated at least module 1. Interviews with 108 farmers who did not complete all 5 modules helped determine why, and detailed interviews were conducted with 18 purposively s led users. Updates were then made according to adaptive trial design methodology. This systematic co-design process resulted in a web-based resource based on acceptance and commitment therapy and designed to overcome barriers to engagement with traditional mental health and well-being strategies—ifarmwell. It was considered an accessible and confidential source of practical and relevant farmer-focused self-help strategies. These strategies were delivered via 5 interactive modules that include written, drawn, and audio- and video-based psychoeducation and exercises, as well as farming-related jokes, metaphors, ex les, and imagery. Module 1 included distress screening and information on how to speak to general practitioners about mental health–related concerns (including a personalized conversation script). Modules were completed fortnightly. SMS text messages offered personalized support and reminders. Qualitative interviews and star ratings demonstrated high module acceptability (average 4.06/5 rating) and suggested that additional reminders, higher quality audio recordings, and shorter modules would be useful. Approximately 37.1% (52/140) of users who started module 1 completed all modules, with too busy or not got to it yet being the main reason for non-completion, and previous module acceptability not predicting subsequent module completion. Sequential integration of research evidence, expert knowledge, and farmers’ preferences in the co-design process allowed for the development of a self-help intervention that focused on important intervention targets and was acceptable to this difficult-to-engage group. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000506392 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372526

‘It is a life changing experience’: The experiences of living kidney donors who live in rural Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-06-2023

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.13008

Abstract: A growing body of research has examined the physical, psychological, social and financial impacts of living kidney donation. However, little is known about the unique experiences or additional burdens faced by living donors from regional or remote locations. To explore the experiences of living kidney donors who live outside metropolitan centres and to determine how support services could be orientated to better meet their unique needs. Seventeen living kidney donors participated in semistructured telephone interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Eight themes were identified: (1) donor's emotional well‐being is influenced by the recipient's outcome, (2) varied levels of access to medical support and other important services in rural areas, (3) travel takes a toll on time, finances and well‐being, (4) varied level of financial impact, (5) medical, emotional and social challenges, (6) both lay and health professional support is valued, (7) varied levels of knowledge and experiences accessing information and (8) a worthwhile experience overall. Despite many challenges, and travel adding to the complexity, rural living kidney donors generally consider it to be a worthwhile experience. The provision of additional emotional, practical and educational support would be welcomed by this group.

Barriers and enablers to implementing mental well‐being programs through Australian rural football clubs—A qualitative descriptive study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-05-2021

DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.358

Abstract: Suicide rates in rural Australia are almost twice as high as those in urban areas. In rural communities, football clubs are often the ‘hub’ of the community and are being explored as an avenue to deliver mental health and well‐being promotion. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and enablers for programs promoting mental health and well‐being through rural Australian football clubs. This qualitative descriptive study included 12 in iduals of 10 rural clubs affiliated with the South Australian National Football League. Recruitment occurred via emails to club secretaries residents. Semi‐structured telephone interviews explored mental health and well‐being issues experienced in clubs, previous involvement with mental well‐being programs and potential barriers/enablers for future programs. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Thematic analysis identified three themes encompassing barriers and enablers: (1) more than a football club, (2) attitudes towards mental health and (3) what is needed to implement a program. The third theme had subthemes of resources, importance of timing, mental health initiatives and components of a program. Key barriers included difficulty getting people involved due to in idual attitudes towards mental health, and not having the finances/resources to implement a program. Major enablers included the important role the football club serves in the community, the inclusion of speakers with credibility and making the program engaging. This study identifies key factors which may impact on community engagement and program effectiveness for mental health and well‐being programs delivered via rural football clubs.

The impact of socioeconomic position on sport participation among South Australian youth

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2009.04.007

Abstract: Organised sport among youth makes a substantial contribution to daily energy expenditure. This study investigated socioeconomic gradients in sport participation and predictors of participation. A representative s le of young South Australians (10-15 y n=1737) was surveyed on organised sport participation in the previous 12 months, and predictors derived from the Children's Physical Activity Correlates scale and a parent survey. Four constructs were derived: 'is it worth it?' (perceived outcomes) 'am I able?' (perceived competency) 'reinforcing' (parental support) and 'enabling' (perceived barriers, from the parent survey). Socioeconomic position (SEP) was operationalized by an area-level indicator, the Socioeconomic Indicator for Advantage (SEIFA), split into tertiles. Sport participation was higher among high (highest SEIFA tertile) compared with low (lowest SEIFA tertile) SEP children. All predictors except 'am I able?' were positively associated with sport participation among boys and girls. Of these predictors, the 'enabling' construct varied by SEP among both boys and girls, with high SEP children reporting fewer barriers to participation. High SEP girls reported higher scores on 'reinforcing' and 'is it worth it?' than their low SEP counterparts. Low SEP girls reported lower levels of both instrumental and affective support from parents to play sport. There are distinct SEP gradients in sport participation, as well as its psychosocial and environmental predictors among South Australian youth. Low SEP girls are the most disadvantaged in terms of parental support to participate in sport. Interventions targeting this vulnerable group are urgently required.

‘If you want something to happen, you have to do it yourself’: Understanding rural Australian's perspectives of health volunteering

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-05-2023

DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.752

Abstract: Rurality is associated with poorer health outcomes and access to health services, yet a strength of rural living includes community cohesion indicated by high rates of volunteering. While volunteerism is an effective means to target health needs in resource‐restricted contexts, research on volunteerism to address rural Australian health needs is limited. This research aimed to explore rural adults' perspectives of volunteerism in local activities and programs that had a direct health related benefit (health volunteering). Eight people from the Murray Mallee region of South Australia participated during April 2021, ranging in age from 32 to 75 years. Participants were invited to one‐on‐one interviews that occurred via a phone call or teleconference meeting, which were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim to facilitate thematic analysis. Seven main themes emerged. Participants identified that (1) health volunteering takes many forms, (2) health volunteering affords local ownership and accessibility, (3) health volunteers have particular skills and values, but also (4) gain social benefits and learn new skills. Rural health volunteering was also associated with (5) a variety of personal costs, and (6) there are several environmental barriers and (7) facilitators to rural health volunteering that should be considered when designing health programs. Results provide insight into how rural communities can enhance the development and application of volunteering roles to support health volunteering. Including local ch ions, reducing the financial burden and developing support networks for volunteers are practical suggestions to enhance levels of volunteering for health in rural settings.

Farmers' perceptions of health in the Riverland region of South Australia: 'If it's broke, fix it'

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-01-2016

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12272

Abstract: To explore perceptions of health among South Australian farmers. Descriptive qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews. Two rural towns in the Riverland region of South Australia. Fifteen adults involved in farming within the Riverland region of South Australia, from a variety of farming industries age range 23-70 years old 53% male, 47% female. Perceptions and definitions of health. Participants described an ecological understanding of health across in idual, farm, and community domains. Participants perceived health as being able to function and complete farm work. Participants reported that farm work helped to maintain fitness, but the multiple stress and hazards associated with farming had a significant influence on health. Participants described how health was influenced by community activities and social support from friends and families. Women were reported to take a lead role in health. Health providers can frame interventions to resonate with the perceptions of health held by people, shaped and formed by the context of farming. Further research is needed to explore farmers' perceptions of health in different locations, from different industries and from a range of age groups.

A decrease in the association between the physical activity patterns of australian parents and their children; 1985–1997

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2005

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80026-X

Abstract: The present study investigated the interactions between parents' and children's physical activity levels by examining whether or not parents who exercise have children who participate in sport. Of primary interest was an investigation of trends in these interactions over time. Information was collected from 10-13 y old children in 1985 (n = 2463) and then again in 1997-99 (n = 1469), about their sports participation and their perceptions of parents' exercise habits. Boys' participation in at least one sport declined from 87% in 1985 to 76% in 1997/1999 while, among girls, participation fell from 80% to 71%. According to their children's perceptions, mothers exercising regularly fell from 36% to 31% between surveys, while fathers exercising regularly fell from 39% to 32%. Interactions between parents' and children's exercise and sports behaviours were examined employing chi-square analysis techniques. Results showed gender-specific relationships for the 1985 s le, such that active fathers were associated with increased participation in sports by boys, and inactive mothers were associated with less participation in sports by girls. These interactions seemed to diminish over time. It is possible that changes in social structures during this time may be affecting familial behaviour relationships, such as the role modelling of active behaviours.

In situcharacterization of one-dimensional plasmonic Ag nanocluster arrays

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 30-03-2011

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVB.83.125432

Body composition changes in female bodybuilders during preparation for competition

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2001

DOI: 10.1038/SJ.EJCN.1601154

Abstract: To determine anthropometric and body composition changes in female bodybuilders during preparation for competition. There was an attempt to match subjects in the control and experimental groups for height and percentage body fat (%BF) for the initial test of this longitudinal study. Five competitive bodybuilders (-X +/- s.d.: 35.3 +/- 5.7 y 167.3 +/- 3.7 cm 66.38 +/- 6.30 kg 18.3 +/- 3.5 %BF) and five athletic females (-X +/- s.d.: 30.9 +/- 13.0 y 166.9 +/- 3.9 cm 55.94 +/- 3.59 kg 19.1 +/- 3.3 %BF) were recruited from advertisements in a bodybuilding newsletter and placed on sports centre noticeboards. The following measurements were conducted 12 weeks, 6 weeks and 3-5 d before the bodybuilders' competitions: anthropometric profile, body density by underwater weighing, total body water via deuterium dilution and bone mineral mass from a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. A combination of the last three measurements enabled the %BF to the determined by a four compartment model. A significant (P < or = 0.001) 5.80 kg body mass loss by the bodybuilders as they prepared for competition was primarily due to a reduction in fat mass (FM -4.42 kg 76.2%) as opposed to fat-free mass (FFM -1.38 kg 23.8%). The decreases in body mass and FM over the final 6 weeks were greater than those over the first 6 weeks. Their %BF decreased (P < 0.001) from 18.3 to 12.7, whereas the values for the control group remained essentially unchanged at 19.1-19.6 %BF. These body composition changes by the bodybuilders were accompanied by a significant decline (P < 0.001) of 25.5 mm (76.3-50.8 mm) in the sum of eight skinfold thicknesses (triceps + subscapular + biceps + iliac crest + supraspinale + abdominal + front thigh + medial calf). Although the bodybuilders presented with low %BFs at the start of the experiment, they still significantly decreased their body mass during the 12 week preparation for competition and most of this loss was due to a reduction in FM as opposed to FFM.

Aluminium doped Zn1−xMgxO—A transparent conducting oxide with tunable optical and electrical properties

Publisher: AIP Publishing

Date: 17-09-2012

DOI: 10.1063/1.4753937

Abstract: A ternary mixed oxide Zn1−xMgxO has been doped with aluminium to create a range of transparent conducting oxides with tunable refractive index as well as work function. Conductive material was synthesised up to a magnesium concentration of x = 0.45, although the conductivity is reduced compared to standard ZnO:Al. The changes in band gap, work function, and conductivity have been attributed to a modified band structure and energetic position of the aluminium induced donor state.

Improving weight status in childhood: results from the eat well be active community programs

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-03-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S00038-013-0455-4

Abstract: The eat well be active Community Programs (ewba) aimed to prevent obesity among children aged 0-18 years in two Australian communities from 2006 to 2010. ewba was a multi-strategy intervention in children's settings. The evaluation was quasi-experimental, including a before and after survey with intervention (INT) and non-randomised comparison (COMP) communities. Outcome measures included BMI-z score (zBMI) and overweight/obesity prevalence in children aged 4-5 years and zBMI, waist circumference (WC) z-score and overweight/obesity prevalence in children aged10-12 years. After 3 years, among the 4-5 years old, mean zBMI was significantly lower in both INT (-0.20, p < 0.05) and COMP (-0.15, p < 0.05), however, changes were not significantly different between INT and COMP. There was a larger reduction in overweight/obesity prevalence in INT (-6.3 %) compared to COMP (-3.7 %) (p < 0.05, χ (2) test). In the 10-12 years old, mean zBMI did not change significantly in INT or COMP. There was a significant reduction in WC z-score in INT (-0.17, p < 0.05) but not in COMP (-0.10, p = NS), although not significantly different between INT and COMP (p = 0.092). These findings suggest that the ewba community intervention had a moderate impact, showing modest improvements in weight status at 3-year follow-up.

Parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes as predictors of 5-6-year-old children's healthy food knowledge

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 14-12-2012

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980011003259

Abstract: Young children's knowledge about healthy food may influence the formation of their eating behaviours, and parents have a major influence on the development of children's knowledge in the early years. We investigated the extent to which parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes around food predicted young children's knowledge of healthy foods, controlling for other influences such as socio-economic status (SES) and parent education levels in a cross-sectional research design. Children were given a healthy food knowledge activity and parents completed questionnaires. Twenty primary schools in Adelaide, Australia, stratified by SES. We recruited 192 children aged 5–6 years and their parents. Structural equation modelling showed that parent nutrition knowledge predicted children's nutrition knowledge ( r = 0·30, P 0·001) independently of attitudes, SES and education level. Nutrition education for parents, targeted at low-SES areas at higher risk for obesity, may contribute to the development of healthy food knowledge in young children.

Trends in physical activity behaviours and attitudes among South Australian youth between 1985 and 2004

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2006.10.005

Abstract: Rising youth obesity is a serious public health concern. There is a widespread view that declining physical activity is contributing to this trend. A total of 929 young South Australians (age=9-15 years) were surveyed in 1985 and 2004 on usual physical activity in several contexts, including attitudes to physical activity. Eight of 10 South Australian schools participating in the 1985 Schools Health and Fitness Survey were revisited in 2004. Comparisons were made on: organised sport, active transport, physical education (PE), playground activity, vigorous physical activity (VPA), total leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and attitudes to PE and school sport. The questionnaire and method of administration were identical in both surveys. There were no differences between surveys in club and school sport participation, walking to school, and reported enjoyment of PE and school sport. In 2004 fewer children rode to school, but PE classes were more frequent. The percentage of children who 'sit and talk' during school breaks had increased, with a decreased percentage of older girls who 'run around' during school breaks. There was a significantly higher LTPA in MET.min in 2004 for boys, which was particularly evident at higher percentiles. There were no changes in mean or distribution of LTPA for the whole s le or girls. The percentage of respondents reporting >/=3 bouts of VPA in the previous week rose from 51% (1985) to 76% (2004). There is no consistent evidence of declining physical activity among South Australian youth. It is apparent that physical activity in some contexts has declined, while in other contexts levels are the same or higher than in 1985. This underscores the complex nature of physical activity and the influences on this behaviour.

Culture, extracurricular activity, sleep habits, and mental health: A comparison of senior high school Asian-Australian and Caucasian-Australian adolescents

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-01-2015

DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2015.1009788

Descriptive epidemiology of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia: 1901–2003

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1080/17477160600962856

Abstract: The overweight and obesity epidemic among children in Australia has attracted considerable attention as intervention strategies and public policy are debated. However, more information on the overweight prevalence trend is required to help understand its aetiology. In order to assist this public health crisis, we gathered every available raw dataset and other descriptive reports on the heights and weights of children over the last century. The raw datasets and datasets recreated using reported descriptive data were used to calculate the prevalence rates of overweight children aged 5 to 15 years. Overweight prevalence among children was relatively low and relatively constant throughout most of the century but appears to have accelerated from about the early 1970s. The prevalence rate for overweight and obesity among children in Australia continues to climb and we predict it will approach adult rates within the next 30 years.

Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity and/or decrease sedentary behaviour among rural adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-04-2017

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12533

Abstract: Physical inactivity and overweight and obesity are more prevalent among rural than urban populations. This study aimed to review published evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity (PA) and/or decrease sedentary behaviour (SB) among rural adults and to identify factors associated with effectiveness. Seven electronic databases were searched for controlled trials of a PA or SB intervention. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models and meta-regression. Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (n = 4,848 participants) and 12 in the meta-analysis (n = 4,820). All studies were interventions to increase PA. Overall, there was no effect on PA (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.11 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.04, 0.25) or SB (SMD 0.07 95% CI -0.33, 0.20). In PA subgroup analyses, studies employing objective outcome measures demonstrated effects in favour of the intervention (SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.30, 1.00), while those using self-reported measures did not (SMD 0.00 95% CI -0.11, 0.10). This review highlights significant gaps in our understanding of how best to promote PA and reduce SB among rural adults. Future studies should use objective measures of PA as study outcomes. The absence of interventions to decrease SB is of concern, with immediate action required to address this large knowledge gap.

Associations between predictors of children's dietary intake and socioeconomic position: A systematic review of the literature

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-01-2014

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12139

Abstract: Socioeconomically disadvantaged children are at higher risk of consuming poor diets, in particular less fruits and vegetables and more non-core foods and sweetened beverages. Currently the drivers of socioeconomically related differences in children's dietary intake are not well understood. This systematic review explored whether dietary predictors vary for children of different socioeconomic circumstances. Seven databases and reference lists of included material were searched for studies investigating predictors of 9-13-year-old children's diet in relation to socioeconomic position. In idual- and population-based cross-sectional, cohort and epidemiological studies published in English and conducted in developed countries were included. Twenty-eight studies were included in this review most were conducted in Europe (n = 12) or North America (n = 10). The most frequently used indicators of socioeconomic position were parent education and occupation. Predictors of children's dietary intake varied among children of different socioeconomic circumstances. Socioeconomic position was consistently associated with children's nutrition knowledge, parent modelling, home food availability and accessibility. Indeterminate associations with socioeconomic position were observed for parent feeding practices and food environment near school. Differences in the determinants of eating between socioeconomic groups provide a better understanding of the drivers of socioeconomic disparities in dietary intake, and how to develop targeted intervention strategies.

Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 04-02-2011

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1194975

Abstract: Layered transition metal dichalcogenides, such as tungsten disulfide, are exfoliated into atomically thin flakes.

Changes in body composition between 1997 and 2002 among South Australian children: influences of socio-economic status and location of residence

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.2005.TB00068.X

Abstract: To compare rates of change in South Australian children's body composition between 1997 and 2002 in subs les based on location of residence and socioeconomic status. Year 6 children from randomly selected South Australian schools in 1997 (32 schools, n=1,423) and 2002 (29 schools, n=992) were compared on: body mass index (BMI), sum of triceps and abdominal skinfolds (skinfold sum) and waist girth. S les were partitioned into urban (population >20,000) and rural (<10,000) subs les, and low, medium and high SES. ANCOVA, controlling for boys' decimal age and girls' predicted menarcheal age, was conducted for the whole s le, and where interactions were significant, separately in socio-demographic strata. Between surveys, there were significant increases in boys' waist girth (p=0.004) and skinfold sum (p=0.007), and girls' BMI (p=0.0005) and skinfold sum (p<0.0001). There were significant interactions of survey year and sociodemographic variables among girls only. While there were no significant changes in anthropometric variables among rural and high SES girls, urban girls increased in skinfold sum (p<0.0001), waist girth (p=0.033) and BMI (p=0.0007). Low (p<0.0001) and medium (p=0.001) SES girls' skinfold sum increased between surveys. Secular trends in Australian children's body fatness are continuing. Further, the rates of change in girls are affected by the socio-demographic milieu. The development of targeted interventions to combat child obesity will depend on a clearer understanding of how environmental influences on weight status are distributed across the sociodemographic landscape.

Health-related physical activity in children and adolescents: A bio-behavioral perspective

Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.4135/9781848608009.N37

A pedometer based physical activity self-management program for children and adolescents with physical disability - design and methods of the StepUp study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-02-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-31

Day type and the relationship between weight status and sleep duration in children and adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2010.00502.X

Abstract: This study aimed to explore sleep duration in young Australians on different types of days across weight classes. Use of time and anthropometric data were collected on 8,866 nights from 3,884 9-18 year old Australians. The association between sleep duration and weight status was examined using factorial ANOVA for four day types: S-S (to bed and waking on school days) S-NS (to bed on school day and waking on non-school day) NS-NS (to bed and waking on non-school days) NS-S (to bed on non-school day and waking on school day). Sleep duration varied with weight status when all day types were considered together (p=0.0012). Obese adolescents slept less than normal and underweight adolescents. However, the relationship varied for different day types with the strongest relationship for NS-S days (on which obese children slept 65 min less than very underweight children, p<0.0001). The association between weight status and sleep duration showed consistent gradients across weight categories, but only for certain day types. These patterns cast light on the direction of causation in the obesity-sleep duration relationship. Findings suggest that short sleep duration contributes to obesity, or that a third unidentified factor has an impact on both.

Distributional changes in the performance of Australian children on tests of cardiorespiratory endurance

Publisher: KARGER

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1159/000101393

Abstract: There is accumulating evidence of worldwide declines in cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) among children. To date, few studies have focused on trends in distributional characteristics of CRE performance. This study analyzed 1985 and 1997 s les of Australian children on the 1.6 km run/walk test, using a variety of descriptive and inferential statistics to compare distributions of average running speed among 10- to 11-year-olds. The analysis was conducted on 965 boys and 935 girls from 1985, and 661 boys and 553 girls from 1997. Among boys there was a significant increase in the coefficient of variation of average completion times, with a marked decrease in negative skew. This was largely attributable to the largest declines occurring in the middle percentiles, with relatively smaller declines at low ( 90th) percentiles. The bulk of the scores have shifted towards the left side of the distribution, reducing the skew. Among girls the distributional trends were different there was little change in 'scatter' and skew of test scores, with declines in performance being relatively uniform across the distribution. These findings contrast with previous reports of greater declines among the lowest ranked performers on CRE tests. The observed declines in all percentiles other than the lowest and highest ranked boys suggest that mechanisms for declining fitness are widespread throughout the population and may reflect changes in environmental barriers and enablers of regular physical activity among Australian youth.

Testing the activitystat hypothesis: A randomised controlled trial protocol

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-10-2012

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-851

Increasing Specificity of Correlate Research: Exploring Correlates of Children's Lunchtime and After-School Physical Activity

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 08-05-2014

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0096460

A systematic review of the validity and reliability of sedentary behaviour measures used with children and adolescents

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-06-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2011.00896.X

Meeting in the middle - Desirable but not easy

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-2009

DOI: 10.1002/EET.521

Watching the bank balance build up then blow away and the rain clouds do the same: A thematic analysis of South Australian farmers' sources of stress during drought

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JRURSTUD.2016.05.005

The relationship between curriculum time for physical education and literacy and numeracy standards in South Australian primary schools

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-2006

DOI: 10.1177/1356336X06065171

Abstract: There is ongoing debate among educators and in the community about the status of school physical education (PE), particularly in relation to more vocationally-oriented learning areas. Against a backdrop of rising youth obesity, diminishing curriculum time for PE represents a serious public health issue. This study investigated the relation ships between PE curriculum time and literacy and numeracy standards in South Australian primary schools. Schools ( n= 117) were surveyed on average time spent on PE (PE time ), and salient demographic characteristics. Average literacy and numeracy scores from a standardized statewide assessment system (State LaN), were obtained from government records. Regression modelling assessed the relationship between PE time and State LaN scores, independent of socioeconomic status (SES), percentage of children of non-English-speaking background (NESB), geographic location, staff age structure, and staff PE training. PE time was unrelated to literacy and numeracy attainment, after control for demographic variables. There was a strong positive relation ship between SES and academic attainment, while a higher proportion of younger staff predicted lower academic attainment. There was no evidence that schools with relatively high PE time are disadvantaging students in the traditionally academic subjects.

Fatigue is a major issue for children and adolescents with physical disabilities

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-03-2015

DOI: 10.1111/DMCN.12736

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate fatigue, and its correlates, in children and adolescents with physical disabilities. Sixty-five young people aged 8 to 17 years (35 males, 30 females mean age 13y 2mo, SD 2y 8mo) with mild to moderate physical disabilities (Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire levels 7-10) were recruited. Self-reported fatigue was measured using the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Physical activity was measured using 7-day hip-worn accelerometer. Associations between fatigue, physical activity, and socio-demographic characteristics were examined using analysis of covariance, with significance (α) set at 0.05. Results were compared with normative data from other paediatric populations. Among children with physical disabilities, fatigue was associated with being physically inactive (F-statistic=4.42, p=0.040), female (F=4.37, p=0.042), and of low socio-economic status (F=3.94, p=0.050). Fatigue was not associated with age, weight status, or functional impairment. Young people with physical disabilities experienced high levels of fatigue compared with other paediatric health populations, and comparable to the paediatric cancer population. Fatigue is an important issue for young people with physical disabilities. Clinicians and researchers working with this group should be mindful that fatigue is likely to impact on an in idual's ability to undertake new treatment regimens or interventions. Interventions aimed at reducing fatigue are warranted. Increasing physical activity might play a role in reducing fatigue.

The experiences of participants in an innovative online resource designed to increase regular walking among rural cancer survivors: a qualitative pilot feasibility study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-02-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S00520-014-2177-4

Abstract: Physical activity has been associated with improved outcomes for cancer survivors. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural Australians experience a health disadvantage, including poorer survival rates after diagnosis of cancer. The aim of this pilot feasibility study was to gain insight into the experiences of rural cancer survivors engaging in an online resource designed to increase regular walking. A 6-week online lifestyle intervention was implemented among eight cancer survivors living in three rural regions of South Australia. Participants used a pedometer to monitor daily steps taken, reported daily steps using a specially designed website and were provided with daily step goals based on their affective state. Participants took part in semi-structured face-to-face interviews to gauge their impressions of the program. Data were analysed using qualitative description and content analysis to derive major themes from the interviews. The program motivated participants to increase their walking and resulted in improvements in several self-reported physical and quality of life outcomes. The resource was clear and easy to navigate. The three-tiered step goal system reduced feelings of guilt if participants were unable to reach a goal. The step log and graph allowed participants to self-monitor their progress. The forum fostered social support however, more interaction with intervention personnel was suggested. This online pedometer-based walking intervention is feasible and effectively increases motivation for walking and enhances health-related quality of life in South Australian rural cancer survivors. A randomized controlled trial of this intervention is warranted.

Validation of DXA body composition estimates in obese men and women

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-2009

DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2008.595

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived percentage fat estimates in obese adults by using four-compartment (4C) values as criterion measures. Differences between methods were also investigated in relation to the influence of fat-free mass (FFM) hydration and various anthropometric measurements. Six women and eight men (age 22-54 years, BMI 28.7-39.9 kg/m(2), 4C percent body fat (%BF) 31.3-52.6%) had relative body fat (%BF) determined via DXA and a 4C method that incorporated measures of body density (BD), total body water (TBW), and bone mineral mass (BMM) via underwater weighing, deuterium dilution, and DXA, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were also undertaken: height, waist and gluteal girth, and anterior-posterior (A-P) chest depth. Values for both methods were significantly correlated (r(2) = 0.894) and no significant difference (P = 0.57) was detected between the means (DXA = 41.1%BF, 4C = 41.5%BF). The slope and intercept for the regression line were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from 1 and 0, respectively. Although both methods were significantly correlated, intrain idual differences between the methods were sizable (4C-DXA, range = -3.04 to 4.01%BF) and significantly correlated with tissue thickness (chest depth) or most surrogates of tissue thickness (body mass, BMI, waist girth) but not FFM hydration and gluteal girth. DXA provided cross-sectional %BF data for obese adults without bias. However, in idual data are associated with large prediction errors (+/-4.2%BF). This error appears to be associated with tissue thickness indicating that the DXA device used may not be able to accurately account for beam hardening in obese cohorts.

Screen time is more strongly associated than physical activity with overweight and obesity in 9-to 16-year-old Australians

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-08-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1651-2227.2012.02804.X

Abstract: Both reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increased screen time have been implicated in the aetiology of childhood overweight/obesity. This study aimed to determine which behaviour had the stronger association with overweight/obesity. 2200 randomly selected 9- to 16-year-old Australians provided four 24-h use-of-time recalls. Participants were classified into weight status categories and as high or low physical active, and high or low screen time according to Australian guidelines (≥60 min MVPA ≤120 min recreational screen time daily). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for overweight/obesity for each screen time and MVPA category. Increased likelihood of overweight or obese was often associated with high screen time (ORs, 2.13-2.55 for boys and 1.47-1.72 for girls), but only sometimes and less strongly associated with low MVPA (ORs, 0.49-2.55 for boys and 1.06-1.47 for girls). Analyses conducted for combined screen time and MVPA categories showed screen time to be a stronger indicator of weight status than physical activity, especially in boys. Overweight and obesity were more strongly associated with screen time than physical activity. Screen time may be an important target for interventions aimed at reducing childhood overweight and obesity.

Correlates of children's time-specific physical activity: A review of the literature

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-50

Social influences on physical activity in Anglo- and Vietnamese-Australian adolescent males in a single sex school

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2006.05.025

Abstract: Understanding factors that influence physical activity levels of adolescents can assist the design of more effective interventions. Social support is a consistent correlate of youth physical activity but few studies have examined this in different cultural settings. Male adolescents (n=180, age=13.58+/-0.97 years) from a metropolitan single sex private school participated in this study. Habitual physical activity was estimated using the 3-day physical activity recall (3dPAR), and aspects of social support to be physically active using a specifically designed questionnaire. Comparisons were made between Anglo-Australians (n=118), whose parents were both born in Australia, and Vietnamese-Australians (n=62), whose parents were both born in Vietnam. There was a trend towards higher physical activity among Anglo-Australians, particularly on weekends. Anglo-Australians reported significantly more parental and peer support across most items pertaining to these constructs. Among the whole s le, social support variables explained 5-12% of the total explained variance in physical activity, with items pertaining to father and best friend support emerging as the strongest and most consistent predictors in multiple regression models. Among Anglo-Australians, the prediction models were relatively weak, explaining 0-9% of the total explained variance in physical activity. Prediction models for physical activity among Vietnamese-Australians were much stronger, explaining 11-32% of the total explained variance, with father's support variables contributing consistently to these models. The strong paternal influence on physical activity among Vietnamese-Australians needs to be confirmed in more erse population groups, but results from this study suggest that interventions promoting physical activity among adolescent boys need to take into account cultural background as a moderator of widely reported social influences.

Development and psychometric properties of the Y-PASS questionnaire to assess correlates of lunchtime and after-school physical activity in children

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-04-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-412

Why are some drought‐affected farmers less distressed than others? The association between stress, psychological distress, acceptance, behavioural disengagement and neuroticism

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12695

Test‐retest reliability of a self‐reported physical activity environment instrument for use in rural settings

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12625

Self-reported sleepwalking in Australian senior secondary school students.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2016.06.024

Abstract: Few studies have examined self-reported sleepwalking in older adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of sleepwalking in a one-month self-report period in Australian adolescents. Participants were 532 Australian adolescents in their final two years of secondary school. The prevalence of sleepwalking in the one-month self-report period was 2.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-4.33) in this s le-1% reported sleepwalking at least once a week in the previous month. A significant proportion (17.5%) of the participants was unsure if they had sleepwalked. The results provide data on the self-reported prevalence rate of sleepwalking in older adolescents. Compared with the population data, this rate falls within the confidence intervals of child and adult prevalence rates of sleepwalking and is consistent with a decline in sleepwalking from childhood and adulthood. Further research is needed to explore how adolescents know they sleepwalk to understand the reliability of self-report measures.

Perceived Facilitators and Barriers in Response to a Walking Intervention in Rural Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Exploration

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 11-12-2018

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH15122824

Abstract: Physical activity has numerous associated benefits for cancer survivors. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural and remote Australians experience a health disadvantage, including poorer survival rate after the diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this qualitative study was to (a) investigate factors that motivated or inhibited walking in rural participants during a 12-week intervention and (b) to investigate factors that motivated or inhibited physical activity behavior change three months post-intervention. Ten cancer survivors living in rural areas of South Australia participated in a 12-week computer-delivered walking-based intervention during which they reported daily steps, daily affect, and ratings of perceived exertion. Based on this information, in idualized daily step goals were sent to them to increase walking. Following the intervention, participants engaged in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Participants identified a range of physical, psychological, social, environmental, and organizational motivators and barriers. Participants appreciated the monitoring and support from the research team, but some voiced a need for better transition to post-program and many desired ongoing support to maintain their motivation. Future studies should incorporate strategies to help walking behavior to become more intrinsically motivated and therefore sustained.

Steps toward improving diet and exercise for cancer survivors (STRIDE): a quasi-randomised controlled trial protocol

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-06-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-428

The impact of 10-minute activity breaks outside the classroom on male students' on-task behaviour and sustained attention: A randomised crossover design

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-02-2016

DOI: 10.1111/APA.13323

Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the impact of a brief activity bout outside the classroom on boys' attention and on-task behaviour in the classroom setting. Fifty-eight boys (mean age 11.2 ± 0.6 years) were recruited from a boys' elementary school in Adelaide, South Australia. Two year 5 and, similarly, two year 6 classes were assigned using a crossover design to either four weeks of a 10 minute Active Lesson Break followed by four weeks of a 10 minute Passive Lesson Break (reading) or visa versa. Attention was quantified using a computerised psychomotor vigilance task, and on-task behaviour by direct observation. Neither the Active Lesson nor the Passive Lesson condition significantly affected sustained attention or on-task behaviour, and there were no significant differences between conditions. There was no impact on participants' sustained attention or on-task behaviour after a short activity break between lessons. Brief activity breaks outside the classroom do not compromise participants' on-task behaviour or attention levels upon returning to the classroom, although improvement in these variables is not seen either. However, the results suggest that active breaks are effective for accruing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without compromising classroom behaviours.

A tool for assessing healthy food knowledge in 5-6-year-old Australian children

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 03-02-2011

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980010003721

Abstract: In the early years of life, influential attributes are formed and may be difficult to change later in life. Early childhood is now recognised as a key target in the prevention of overweight and obesity, and the knowledge that children gain at this time about food and its health benefits may have an important influence on their dietary choices and preferences in later life. Therefore, an activity was designed using age-appropriate methods to assess nutrition knowledge of young children. The Healthy Food Knowledge Activity was developed using a list of thirty healthy and unhealthy foods and drinks generated from the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. The activity was conducted with in idual children from reception classes of South Australian schools. Children aged 5–6 years undertook the activity in a pilot study ( n 13) and in the main study ( n 192). Pilot data indicated good test–retest reliability of the activity ( r = 0·84, P 0·01). In the main study, there was a good distribution of scores with acceptable skewness and kurtosis statistics. A breakdown of responses indicated good face validity, with more obvious foods being more correctly classified. Children as young as 5–6 years of age can correctly identify healthy foods, and this can be measured objectively. This activity also provides interesting insights regarding misconceptions about foods that could be attributed to influences such as media advertising and that can be addressed by educators of this age group.

The effects of a theory‐informed intervention on physical activity behaviour, motivation and well‐being of frontline aged care workers: A pilot study with 6‐month follow‐up

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-05-2023

DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.740

Abstract: Due to the nature of their jobs, frontline aged care workers may be a population at risk of poor health and lifestyle habits. Support of their well‐being through the workplace is likely to be complex. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a need‐supportive program for changing physical activity and psychological well‐being via the motivational processes of behavioural regulations and perceived need satisfaction. Frontline aged care workers ( n = 25) participated in a single cohort, pre–post pilot trial. The program included a Motivational Interviewing style appointment, education on goal setting and self‐management, the use of affect, exertion and self‐pacing for regulating physical activity intensity and practical support activities. Outcomes (7‐day accelerometery, 6‐min walk, K10 and AQoL‐8D), and motivational processes (BREQ‐3 and PNSE) were measured at baseline, 3 and 9 months, and analysed using linear mixed models for repeated measures. There were significant increases in perceived autonomy at 3 months (Δ .43 ± SE: .20 p = .03) and 6‐min walk distance at 9 months (Δ 29.11 m ± SE: 13.75 p = .04), which appeared to be driven by the relative autonomy index (behavioural regulations in exercise questionnaire [BREQ‐3]). Amotivation increased at 3 months (Δ .23 ± SE:.12 p = .05) which may have been due to low scores at baseline. No other changes were demonstrated at any timepoint. Participants demonstrated positive changes in motivational processes and physical function, however, due to the low levels of participation in the program, the program had a negligible impact at the organisational level. Future researchers and aged care organisations should aim to address factors impacting participation in well‐being initiatives.

Sociodemographic Predictors of Attitudes to Support Seeking From a Medical Doctor or Other Health Provider Among Rural Australians

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-04-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S12529-021-09956-2

Physical activity temporal trends among children and adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.06.002

Abstract: It is particularly important to measure trends in physical activity to identify specific contexts where physical activity may have declined and can be targeted for intervention. The aim of this review was to summarize overall physical activity trends based on objectively measured physical activity as well as trends in specific contexts (active transport, organized sport, school physical education and school play periods) using self- or proxy-reported physical activity. A comprehensive literature search was completed to identify articles on the specific contexts of physical activity for inclusion in this review. Journal articles for inclusion in this narrative review were sourced from the various databases and reference lists. Most studies in this review employed self-report or proxy-report methodologies. There is limited research on temporal trends in children's and adolescents' physical activity. The few studies that employ objective measures to assess trends in physical activity indicate little change has occurred in the last 20 years. Other studies that employed self-report methods indicate organized sport trends are somewhat inconsistent across countries, however most studies reported an increase in participation. Within the limited physical education trend studies, inconsistent trends were noted. There have been consistent declines in active transport, particularly cycling. Few studies have investigated trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during school play periods, highlighting a need for further research. Mixed results and inconsistent magnitudes of change were identified when exploring trends in different contexts of physical activity for children and adolescents over the last few decades. Taken overall, there is little evidence for a decrease in children's and adolescents' physical activity, although consistent declines in active transport highlight this context as a suitable intervention target.

Improving solar cell efficiency with optically optimised TCO layers

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOLMAT.2012.01.037

Probing the out-of-plane optical response of plasmonic nanostructures using spectroscopic ellipsometry

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 29-08-2011

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVB.84.085440

Dietary intake, physical activity and TV viewing as mediators of the association of socioeconomic status with body composition: a cross-sectional analysis of Australian youth

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-12-2006

DOI: 10.1038/SJ.IJO.0803524

Abstract: There is emerging evidence of socioeconomic gradients in adiposity among Australian youth. Behavioral mechanisms for these trends are unexplained. In total, 194 South Australian children (97 boys, 11.48+/-0.43 years 97 girls, 11.60+/-0.38 years) were assessed for pubertal status, stature, weight, skinfolds and waist girth. Socioeconomic status (SES) was represented by postcode of residence (Socioeconomic Index for Areas) and parent education. Children reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), TV viewing (TV) and dietary intake (daily energy intake as a ratio of predicted basal metabolic rate (DEI/BMR) and fat intake), using three x 24 h recall. Path analysis (partial least-squared method) was used to analyze the independence and interdependence of pathways linking SES, anthropometric variables and measured behaviors. SES was negatively associated with waist girth and skinfolds in girls, and waist girth in boys. In models including behavioral variables, these SES gradients in girls were largely unattenuated accordingly, physical activity and dietary intake were not confirmed as mediators of the association of SES and girls' adiposity. In boys there was evidence that the negative relationship between SES and waist girth was mediated by fat intake. The inverse relationships between SES and girls' adiposity were unexplained by the behavioral attributes measured in this study. Mediators of SES gradients in youth adiposity remain elusive, and may require intensive methodologies to explicate.

Social influences on physical activity in Anglo-Australian and Vietnamese-Australian adolescent females in a single sex school

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2007.10.012

Abstract: Social support is a consistent correlate of youth physical activity (PA) but few studies have examined this in cultural sub-groups. Female adolescents (n=113 13.9+/-0.6years) from a metropolitan single sex private school participated in this study. PA was estimated using the 3 Day Physical Activity Recall (3dPAR), and aspects of social support using a specifically designed questionnaire. Anglo-Australians (n=74), whose parents were both born in Australia, were compared with Vietnamese-Australians (n=39), whose parents were both born in Vietnam. There were non-significant trends towards higher engagement in all measures of PA among Anglo-Australians. Anglo-Australians perceived higher levels of social support to be physically active. In the whole s le and in cultural sub-groups, support by mothers was a consistent predictor of PA. Among Vietnamese-Australians, activities shared with the mother predicted moderate to vigorous PA. Interventions targeting PA among adolescent females should consider interactions of social support and cultural background.

Erratum: Soil indicators and their use by farmers in the billabong catchment, southern New South Wales (Australian Journal of Soil Research (2009) 47:2 (234-242))

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1071/SR08033_CO

Abstract: 'Soil health' programs and projects in Australia's agricultural districts are designed to influence farmers' management behaviours, usually to produce better outcomes for production, conservation, and sustainability. These programs usually examine soil management practices from a soil science perspective, but how soils are understood by farmers, and how that understanding informs their farm management decisions, is poorly documented. The research presented in this paper sought to better understand how dryland farmers in the Billabong catchment of southern New South Wales use soil indicators to inform their management decisions. Thematic content analysis of transcripts of semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with farmers suggest several themes that have implications for soil scientists and other professionals wishing to promote soil health in the dryland farming regions of south-eastern Australia. In particular, all soil indicators, including those related to soil 'health', need to relate to some clear, practical use to farmers if they are to be used in farm decision making. This research highlights a reliance of the participants of this research on agronomists. Reliance on agronomists for soil management decisions may result in increasing loss of connectivity between farmers and their land. If this reflects a wider trend, soil health projects may need to consider where best to direct their capacity-building activities, and/or how to re-empower in idual farmers.

Can a school-based sleep education programme improve sleep knowledge, hygiene and behaviours using a randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2015.02.534

Abstract: The present study investigated the effectiveness of a school-based sleep education programme in improving key sleep behaviours, sleep knowledge, and sleep hygiene. A cross-sectional cluster-randomised controlled trial with two groups (Intervention and Control) and three assessment time points [baseline, immediately post intervention (6 weeks post baseline) and follow-up (18 weeks post baseline)] was employed. A total of 296 students (mean age = 12.2 ± 0.6 years 59% female) from 12 schools in Adelaide, South Australia, were recruited, with 149 participants in the Intervention group and 147 in the Control group. The intervention consisted of four classroom lessons delivered at weekly intervals, followed by a group project on sleep topics, which students presented at a parental information evening. Sleep patterns were assessed objectively (actigraphy, n = 175) and subjectively (time-use recall, n = 251) at three time points. Sleep knowledge and sleep hygiene (n = 296) were also measured. Generalised estimating equations were used to compare changes in the Intervention and Control groups. The programme increased time in bed by 10 min (p = 0.03) for the Intervention group relative to the Control group, due to a 10-min delay in wake time (p = 0.00). These changes were not sustained at follow-up. There was no impact on sleep knowledge or sleep hygiene. Investment in the sleep health of youth through sleep education is important but changes to sleep patterns are difficult to achieve. More intensive programmes, programmes with a different focus or programmes targeting different age groups may be more effective.

Active school lesson breaks increase daily vigorous physical activity, but not daily moderate to vigorous physical activity in elementary school boys

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 02-2017

DOI: 10.1123/PES.2016-0057

Abstract: Brief classroom-based episodes of physical activity (active lesson breaks, ALBs) have improved schoolchildren’s classroom behaviors in some studies, and may also increase the likelihood of children meeting the recommended daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, there is emerging evidence that increases in physical activity at particular times of the day may lead to compensatory declines at other times. This study explored evidence for compensatory declines in response to a 10 min ALB during the school day. Thirty-eight 12-year-old boys from a single elementary school completed intervention and control conditions in a cross-over design, with each phase lasting one week. The intervention consisted of a single 10-min active lesson break delivered on each of three days in the intervention week. Twenty-four hour accelerometry was used to quantify moderate and vigorous physical activity. ALBs increased in-school MVPA by 5.8 min ( p .0001), but overall daily MVPA was similar between intervention and control conditions (77.2 vs 77.4 min/d, p .05), However, vigorous physical activity increased significantly over the whole day (11.2 vs 8.9 min, p = .0006). A brief episode of classroom-based play led to a modest increase in vigorous physical activity in elementary school students, but did not increase MVPA across the day.

Surface plasmon on topological insulator/dielectric interface enhanced ZnO ultraviolet photoluminescence

Publisher: AIP Publishing

Date: 04-04-2012

DOI: 10.1063/1.3703320

Abstract: It has recently been predicted that the surface plasmons are allowed to exist on the interface between a topological insulator and vacuum. Surface plasmons can be employed to enhance the optical emission from various illuminants. Here, we study the photoluminescence properties of the ZnO/Bi2Te3 hybrid structures. Thin flakes of Bi2Te3, a typical three-dimensional topological insulator, were prepared on ZnO crystal surface by mechanical exfoliation method. The ultraviolet emission from ZnO was found to be enhanced by the Bi2Te3 thin flakes, which was attributed to the surface plasmon – photon coupling at the Bi2Te3/ZnO interface.

Controlledin situgrowth of tunable plasmonic self-assembled nanoparticle arrays

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 16-12-2011

DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/3/035606

Abstract: Self-assembled silver nanoparticle (NP) arrays were produced by deposition at glancing angles on transparent stepped Al2O3 templates. The evolution of the plasmonic resonances has been monitored using reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) during growth. It is demonstrated that the morphology of the array can be tailored by changing the template structure, resulting in a large tunability of the optical resonances. In order to extract detailed information on the origin of the measured dichroic response of the system, a model based on dipolar interactions has been developed and the effect of tarnishing and morphological dispersion addressed.

Changing associations of Australian parents' physical activity with their children's sport participation: 1985 to 2004

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2010.00617.X

Abstract: The socio-ecological milieu of children's physical activity is changing, perhaps causing perturbations within the causal 'web' that explains physical activity behaviours. It is unclear if the relative importance of parental role modelling is changing. Accordingly, this study examined associations of child-perceived parent physical activity and children's sport participation in 1985 and 2004. In 1985 (179 girls, 211 boys) and 2004 (210 girls, 218 boys), Australian schoolchildren (9-15 years) in the same eight schools were surveyed on sport participation and perceptions of parents' physical activity. In the 1985 s le, girls with active fathers played more sport. In 2004, boys and girls with active fathers or active mothers reported higher sport participation. In 1985, there were no differences in sport participation between those with both, either or neither parent active. In 2004, sport participation was highest among boys and girls with both parents active. These results underscore the current role of parents as socialising agents for physical activity. Intervention design should be founded on the most recent evidence of children's physical activity correlates.

A Self-Help Online Intervention Is Associated with Reduced Distress and Improved Mental Wellbeing in Australian Farmers: The Evaluation and Key Mechanisms of www.ifarmwell.com.au

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 17-12-2022

DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2022.2156642

Associations between parenting styles and nutrition knowledge and 2-5-year-old children's fruit, vegetable and non-core food consumption

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 22-10-2013

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012004648

Abstract: During the early years, parents have a major influence on children's diets and developing food choices. We investigated parenting styles as predictors of 2–5-year-old children's diets and whether general nutrition knowledge (GNK) mediated these influences. Cross-sectional research. Questionnaires measured demographic and lifestyle variables, family environment, parenting styles and feeding practices, child diet and GNK. Regression models tested GNK as a mediator of relationships between parenting variables and child diet (fruit/vegetable and non-core food consumption), controlling for confounders and family environment. Questionnaires were completed by main caregivers at home. Parents of children aged 2–5 years ( n 269). Higher child fruit/vegetable consumption was associated with lower over-reactive parenting and restriction, higher authoritative parenting and dining together as a family with lax parenting approaching statistical significance ( P = 0·083) and 19 % of variance explained by the model. GNK was not a significant predictor. Conversely, non-core food consumption was associated with higher over-reactive and lax parenting as well as child age, increased takeaway food consumption and higher television viewing GNK had a small effect ( P = 0·043) and 28 % of variance was explained by the model. GNK was a significant mediator only for authoritative parenting on non-core food (effect = −0·005). These findings highlight that young children's diets may be improved by interventions targeting a range of positive and supportive parenting practices in conjunction with nutrition knowledge education for parents of young children. Further insights will come from closer attention to the nature and role of restrictive feeding practices v . laxness and longitudinal research.

The role of socio-economic position as a moderator of children's healthy food intake

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 23-06-2014

DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514001354

Abstract: Children of low socio-economic position (SEP) consume poorer diets than those of high SEP however, there is limited understanding of why socio-economic gradients in diet occur. Some evidence suggests that determinants of dietary intake may differ between SEP groups. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the associations between personal and environmental variables and children's fruit and vegetable intake, and healthy dietary behaviours are moderated by SEP. A total of 395 children aged 9 to 13 years and their parents were recruited in Adelaide, South Australia. Personal and environmental dietary predictors were measured using child-completed online questionnaires and telephone interviews with parents. Dietary intake was measured using an online FFQ. First, dietary predictors were identified using correlated component regression, and subsequently tested for moderation by four SEP indicators using partial least-squares structural equation modelling. Fruit and vegetable intake and healthy behaviours were predicted by self-efficacy, attitudes and a supportive home environment. For girls, only the associations of self-efficacy with healthy behaviours were moderated by occupation. For boys, income moderated the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with attitudes, and healthy behaviours with supportive home environments. Occupation and employment moderated the associations of boys' family environments and fruit intake, and attitudes with healthy behaviours. Reducing socio-economic disparities in children's healthy dietary intake may be more successfully achieved by tailoring health promotion policies and interventions according to variables that moderate the relationships between dietary intake and SEP.

Integrating local knowledge with experimental research: Case studies on managing cropping systems in Italy and Australia

Publisher: PAGEPress Publications

Date: 18-06-2013

DOI: 10.4081/IJA.2013.E15

Validity of self-reported sedentary time differs between Australian rural men engaged in office and farming occupations

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-10-2015

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1094185

Abstract: Rural Australians have a higher likelihood of chronic disease than urban Australians, particularly male farmers. Chronic disease has been associated with occupational sedentary time. The aim was to validate the self-report of sedentary time in men in contrasting rural occupations. Farmers (n = 29) and office workers (n = 28), age 30-65 years, were recruited from the Riverland region of South Australia. Daily sedentary time and number of breaks in sedentary time were self-reported and measured objectively using body-worn inclinometers. Correlational analyses were conducted between self-reported and objectively measured variables, separately by occupation. There was a significant correlation between self-reported and objectively measured sedentary time in the whole s le (r = 0.44, P = 0.001). The correlation among office workers was significant (r = 0.57, P = 0.003) but not among farmers (r = 0.08, P = 0.68). There were no significant correlations between self-reported and measured number of breaks in sedentary time, for the whole s le (rho = -0.03, P = 0.83), office workers (rho = 0.17, P = 0.39) and farmers (rho = -0.22, P = 0.25). In conclusion, the validity of self-report of sedentary behaviours by farmers was poor. Further research is needed to develop better performing self-report instruments or more accessible objective measures of sedentary behaviour in this population.

Voices in the playground: A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators of lunchtime play

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2011.08.002

Abstract: To explore children's perceptions of the factors influencing their engagement in physical activity during the "critical" lunchtime period, using a social-ecological framework. This study was an in-depth descriptive qualitative design. Fifty-four South Australian children aged 10-13 years participated in same-gender focus groups. Transcripts, field notes and activity documents were analysed using content analysis. Using an inductive thematic approach, data were coded and categorised into perceived barriers and facilitators according to a social-ecological model. Children identified a range of environmental, social and intrapersonal barriers and facilitators. Bullying/teasing, the school uniform and school rules were exposed as explicit barriers to lunchtime play. Other important barriers included lack of access to, and poor suitability of, space, lack of access to programs/facilities and equipment, and lack of peer and teacher support. Perceived facilitators of lunchtime physical activity centred on access to equipment, enjoyment, motivation to improve skills, and peer support and acceptance. The freedom to make up or modify rules for games was also perceived to be a facilitator of lunchtime play. Communicating with children has been an effective approach in uncovering perceived barriers and facilitators to lunchtime play that may not have been previously considered in the quantitative correlate literature. Lunchtime interventions targeting children's physical activity should focus on addressing the barriers perceived to be important to lunchtime play.

A comparison of barriers to mental health support-seeking among farming and non-farming adults in rural South Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-06-2017

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12352

Abstract: To assess the differences between farming and non-farming rural adults in perceived barriers to mental health service use. A cross-sectional survey, modified from the Barriers to Help-Seeking Scale (BHSS), was conducted using a computer-assisted telephone interview. Respondents (age 52.6 ± 11.6 years) were recruited from three rural regions of South Australia. Approximately, 78 non-farmers and 45 farmers were included in analyses. 78 retired and two unemployed participants were excluded from the analyses. Farmers and non-farmers were compared on domain scores and in idual item responses from the adapted BHSS that represent 'agrarian' attitudes to support-seeking for mental health: stoicism, self-reliance, minimisation of the problem, stigma and distrust of health professionals. In the analysis of domain scores, 'Need for Control and Self-Reliance' was a stronger barrier for farmers than non-farmers (P = 0.009) with a trend (P = 0.07) towards stronger barriers among farmers in the 'Minimising Problem and Resignation' domain. In the analysis of item-level responses, there was a difference (P = 0.03) between farmers and non-farmers in responses to 'I find it difficult to understand my doctor/health professional', with 24.4% of the farmers agreeing that this is a barrier compared with 15.3% of the non-farmers. Long-held stereotypes of stoicism and self-reliance among farmers were somewhat supported, in the context of mental health. Mental health services and professionals in rural Australia might need to adapt their practices to successfully engage this population.

Combining Farmers’ Preferences With Evidence-Based Strategies to Prevent and Lower Farmers’ Distress: Co-design and Acceptability Testing of ifarmwell (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.27631

Abstract: arming is physically and psychologically hazardous. Farmers face many barriers to help seeking from traditional physical and mental health services however, improved internet access now provides promising avenues for offering support. his study aims to co-design with farmers the content and functionality of a website that helps them adopt transferable coping strategies and test its acceptability in the broader farming population. esearch evidence and expert opinions were synthesized to inform key design principles. A total of 18 farmers detailed what they would like from this type of website. Intervention logic and relevant evidence-based strategies were mapped. Website content was drafted and reviewed by 2 independent mental health professionals. A total of 9 farmers provided detailed qualitative feedback on the face validity of the draft content. Subsequently, 9 farmers provided feedback on the website prototype. Following amendments and internal prototype testing and optimization, prototype usability (ie, completion rate) was examined with 157 registered website users who were (105/157, 66.9%) female, aged 21-73 years 95.5% (149/156) residing in inner regional to very remote Australia, and 68.2% (107/157) “sheep, cattle and/or grain farmers.” Acceptability was examined with a subset of 114 users who rated at least module 1. Interviews with 108 farmers who did not complete all 5 modules helped determine why, and detailed interviews were conducted with 18 purposively s led users. Updates were then made according to adaptive trial design methodology. his systematic co-design process resulted in a web-based resource based on acceptance and commitment therapy and designed to overcome barriers to engagement with traditional mental health and well-being strategies—ifarmwell. It was considered an accessible and confidential source of practical and relevant farmer-focused self-help strategies. These strategies were delivered via 5 interactive modules that include written, drawn, and audio- and video-based psychoeducation and exercises, as well as farming-related jokes, metaphors, ex les, and imagery. Module 1 included distress screening and information on how to speak to general practitioners about mental health–related concerns (including a personalized conversation script). Modules were completed fortnightly. SMS text messages offered personalized support and reminders. Qualitative interviews and star ratings demonstrated high module acceptability (average 4.06/5 rating) and suggested that additional reminders, higher quality audio recordings, and shorter modules would be useful. Approximately 37.1% (52/140) of users who started module 1 completed all modules, with i too busy /i or i not got to it yet /i being the main reason for non-completion, and previous module acceptability not predicting subsequent module completion. equential integration of research evidence, expert knowledge, and farmers’ preferences in the co-design process allowed for the development of a self-help intervention that focused on important intervention targets and was acceptable to this difficult-to-engage group. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000506392 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372526

Association between sleep, BMI and waist girth in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-11-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1651-2227.2007.00518.X

The development of a subjective assessment framework for individuals presenting for clinical exercise services: A Delphi study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.01.002

Abstract: The American College of Sports Medicine and Exercise and Sports Science Australia recognise the importance of gathering a client history (subjective assessment) to inform clinical decisions for clients with chronic disease and/or disability. Despite the importance of the subjective assessment in problem-oriented exercise management, there is currently no primary evidence to indicate the important domains that should be addressed during the subjective assessment to guide safe and effective clinical decisions. Modified e-Delphi METHODS: A panel of 32 experts was recruited with a median of 12 years of experience (Q The panel of experts elected that best practice for conducting the subjective assessment was a semi-structured approach using a combination of prompts and follow-up questions. The Delphi process resulted in an initial list of 36 domains that was identified by the panel of which 23 domains reached consensus for agreement after Round 3. The subjective assessment is important for Clinical Exercise Physiologists to provide safe and effective services. Best practice for conducting the assessment is the semi-structured approach to prompt the clinician on the domains to include. Twenty three domains have been considered as important for a Clinical Exercise Physiologist to address in a subjective assessment to implement the delivery of safe and effective exercise assessment and/or prescription.

Too little, too late: Mental health nursing education in Western Australia, 1958–1994

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-07-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1447-0349.2012.00861.X

Abstract: Mental health nursing education in Australia has undergone a significant transition in the last 50 years, influenced by national inquiries, national decisions, and international trends in nursing education. But mental health nursing education had also accumulated decades of history in each state, including sometimes unequal relations with general nursing. Complex inter- and intra-professional relationships at state level influenced this educational transition in each state, and Western Australia provides an ex le of this influence. Using a range of published and unpublished sources, including oral histories, this paper describes the revision of the mental health nursing curriculum in Western Australia from 1958, responses to the call for transition to the tertiary sector between 1976 and 1984, and the final transition of mental health nursing education to university level in Western Australia in 1994. Mental health nursing's educational standards improved only gradually in Western Australia from 1958 onwards, compared with professional advances in general nursing in the same period. Factors which may have held back these improvements include mental health nursing's professional conservatism, which was outpaced by general nursing's growing radicalization at the national level. A lack of professional confidence and cohesion left mental health nursing unable to respond effectively to rapid external changes in the 1960s and 1970s, and vulnerable to absorption and dominance by general nursing education programs.

Soil indicators and their use by farmers in the Billabong Catchment, southern New South Wales

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1071/SR08033

Abstract: ‘Soil health’ programs and projects in Australia’s agricultural districts are designed to influence farmers’ management behaviours, usually to produce better outcomes for production, conservation, and sustainability. These programs usually examine soil management practices from a soil science perspective, but how soils are understood by farmers, and how that understanding informs their farm management decisions, is poorly documented. The research presented in this paper sought to better understand how dryland farmers in the Billabong catchment of southern New South Wales use soil indicators to inform their management decisions. Thematic content analysis of transcripts of semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with farmers suggest several themes that have implications for soil scientists and other professionals wishing to promote soil health in the dryland farming regions of south-eastern Australia. In particular, all soil indicators, including those related to soil ‘health’, need to relate to some clear, practical use to farmers if they are to be used in farm decision making. This research highlights a reliance of the participants of this research on agronomists. Reliance on agronomists for soil management decisions may result in increasing loss of connectivity between farmers and their land. If this reflects a wider trend, soil health projects may need to consider where best to direct their capacity-building activities, and/or how to re-empower in idual farmers.

The concurrent validity of the 3‐day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire administered to female adolescents aged 12–14 years

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 20-06-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1630.2007.00659.X

Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 21-09-2018

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH15102081

Abstract: Cancer survivors are at an increased risk of experiencing physical and psychological ill-effects following cancer treatment. Rural cancer survivors are at a greater risk of future health problems following a cancer diagnosis compared to their urban counterparts. Physical activity has been targeted as a health promotion priority in cancer survivors. Research indicates that a large portion of cancer survivors do not meet physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this quasi-randomized controlled trial was to test the effectiveness of an online 12-week walking intervention designed for cancer survivors, and to explore its impact on physical health indicators and quality of life outcomes. Steps Toward Improving Diet and Exercise among cancer survivors (STRIDE) is an online resource designed according to Social Cognitive Theory and Self Determination Theory, based on in idualized step goal setting. Measures of physiology, physical fitness, and quality of life were taken at the baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up in an Intervention group (n = 46) and active Control group (n = 45). The Control group was provided with a pedometer but did not have access to the online program. Three-factor repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that there were improvements in physical fitness (p 0.01), systolic blood pressure (p 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p 0.01), waist girth (p 0.01), mental health (p 0.05), social functioning (p 0.01), and general health (p 0.01), but an increase in bodily pain (p 0.01), from the baseline to week 12 and the three-month follow-up, irrespective of group allocation. Pedometer interventions, delivered with or without online support and step goal setting, show promise for improving the overall health of cancer survivors, at least in the short term.

Understanding farmers’ barriers to health and mental health‐related help‐seeking: The development, factor structure, and reliability of the Farmer Help‐Seeking Scale

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-05-2023

DOI: 10.1111/JRH.12768

Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop a contextually and culturally appropriate scale to assess farmers’ barriers to health‐related help‐seeking. An initial pool of items was developed from the academic literature and input from an expert panel of farmers, rural academics, and rural clinicians. A draft 32‐item questionnaire was then developed and sent to farmers registered with FARMbase, which is an Australian national farmer database. Two hundred and seventy‐four farmers completed the draft questionnaire (93.7% male, 73.7% aged 56‐75 years). An exploratory factor analysis identified 6 factors “Health Issues are a Low Priority,” “Concerns about Stigma,” “Structural Health System Barriers,” “Minimization and Normalization,” “Communication Barriers,” and “Continuity of Care.”. Test‐retest reliability was examined with a further 10 farmers (90% male, Mean age = 57, SD = 5.91), who completed the questionnaire twice (at 2‐ to 3‐week intervals). Results indicated moderate‐good test‐retest reliability. The resulting 24‐item Farmer Help‐Seeking Scale provides a measure of help‐seeking that is specifically designed to capture the unique context, culture, and attitudes that can interfere with farmers’ help‐seeking, and inform the development of strategies to increase health‐service utilization in this at‐risk group.

Interactions of socioeconomic position with psychosocial and environmental correlates of children's physical activity: An observational study of South Australian families

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-56

Sex-specific correlates of adult physical activity in an Australian rural community

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-01-2014

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12081

Abstract: Rural Australians have a higher likelihood of chronic disease and lower levels of physical activity than urban Australians. Little is known of the factors associated with physical activity among rural-dwelling Australians. This study sought to determine the correlates of physical activity among men and women of the South Australian Riverland region. Cross-sectional survey. Regional area. There are 299 randomly selected 18-65 year olds. Determinations of insufficient and sufficient physical activity levels based on public health recommendations. Using logistic regression: in men, sufficient physical activity was associated with reporting perceived sufficient physical activity for health (odds ratio 3.194 [1.703-5.989]), and having friends who encouraged physical activity (3.641 [1.450-9.141]). Men who reported insufficient time (0.350 [0.151-0.812]) and getting enough physical activity at their job (0.374 [0.199-0.702]) were less likely to be sufficiently active. In women, sufficient physical activity was associated with not being employed (2.929 [1.063-8.066]), higher self-efficacy (2.939 [1.118-7.726]) and having a regular physical activity routine (3.404 [1.829-6.337]). Older age (0.960 [0.929-0.995]), poorer self-rated health (0.233 [0.060-0.900]) and weekend sitting time (0.823 [0.692-0.980]) were negatively associated with sufficient physical activity for women. Factors associated with physical activity in this rural adult population differed by sex. Sex-specific approaches to promote physical activity might have utility for this population. Strategies to enhance social connectedness among men and encourage physical activity outside of work can be warranted. Women can require programs to help them develop a regular physical activity routine and improve self-efficacy.

Physical activity and screen time behaviour in metropolitan, regional and rural adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2011.05.011

Abstract: While there is consistent evidence that rural adults in Australia are less active than their urban counterparts, studies relating geographical remoteness to activity patterns in Australian adolescents have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to describe objectively and subjectively measured patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviours across remoteness categories in a representative s le of 9-16 year old Australians. Cross-sectional observational study. 2071 Australian adolescents provided self-report use of time data on four days and wore a pedometer for at least 6 days within the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Comparisons of activity patterns were made across four objectively-determined remoteness categories (Major City, Inner Regional, Outer Regional and Remote), adjusting for household income, parental education and age. Adolescents living in major cities self-reported 11-29 min less moderate to vigorous physical activity each day than their counterparts living in geographically more remote areas, and took 150-850 fewer steps each day. While there were no differences in time spent in sport or active transport, differences in free play participation were significant. Males in major cities also reported higher levels of screen time. Differences were somewhat more marked among males than among females. Activity levels among Australian adolescents show contrasting patterns of geographical differences to those found in Australian adults. Higher levels of free play among rural Australian adolescents may be due to more available space and less fear of traffic and stranger risks.

Rural Environments and Community Health (REACH): a randomised controlled trial protocol for an online walking intervention in rural adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-09-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-969

Regional differences in correlates of dailywalking among middle age and older Australian rural adults: Implications for health promotion

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 08-01-2016

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH13010116

Self-assembled broadband plasmonic nanoparticle arrays for sensing applications

Publisher: AIP Publishing

Date: 16-01-2012

DOI: 10.1063/1.3674982

Abstract: Highly ordered noble metal nanoparticle (NP) arrays are produced using a glancing angle deposition on stepped substrates. The versatility of the technique is demonstrated by depositing different metals, resulting in shifts of the resonance positions. The behaviour of the NP arrays grown is predicted by a dipolar model, and it is measured using reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). Fine tuning of the resonances can be finally realised by selecting the deposition parameters. The combined application of both RAS and deposition at glancing angles provides a unique tool to grow NP arrays with the tunable plasmonic resonances in the entire visible range.

Secular changes in fatness and fat distribution in Australian children matched for body size

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1080/17477160600684260

Abstract: To investigate secular trends in waist girth and skinfold measures among Australian children from 1985 and 1997/2002, matched for body size. A total of 2604 children (10-12 years old) measured in the 1985 Australian Health and Fitness Survey and in two later surveys of South Australian schoolchildren (1997/2002), were matched for age, stature, weight and body mass index (BMI). Measurements. The matched children were compared by ANOVA on waist and hip girths, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal and triceps skinfolds, taken by trained anthropometrists. Between the survey periods, there were significant increases in waist girth, WHR, and the two skinfold measures, but more so for abdominal skinfold. The differences in abdominal skinfold, waist girth and WHR were greater for girls than boys. In Australian children matched for body size, there have been increases in measures of fatness and central adiposity over the last 20 years. This suggests that reported secular trends in BMI may be under-estimating the looming public health crisis.

Physical activity recommendations from general practitioners in Australia. Results from a national survey

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12455

Abstract: To identify subgroups of Australian adults likely to receive physical activity advice from their general practitioner and to evaluate the content of the advice provided. Participants (n=1,799), recruited from the Australian Health and Social Science panel, completed an online survey. Signal Detection Analysis was used to identify subgroups that were more/less likely to have received physical activity recommendations. Overall, 18% of participants received a physical activity recommendation from their general practitioner in the past 12 months and eight unique subgroups were identified. The subgroup with the highest proportion (54%) of participants reporting that they received a physical activity recommendation was those with poor physical and mental health-related quality of life and an average daily sitting time of <11 hours. Other subgroups with high proportions of in iduals receiving recommendations were characterised by higher weight and/or the presence of co-morbidities. The most commonly prescribed physical activity type was aerobic activity. Few participants received specific physical activity advice. General practitioners are incorporating physical activity promotion into their practice, but primarily as a disease management tool and with limited specificity. Strategies to assist Australian general practitioners to effectively promote physical activity are needed.

Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: The place of screen time in the time budgets of 10-13 year-old Australian children

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.2006.TB00106.X

Abstract: Excessive 'screen time' has been associated with a range of psychosocial disturbances and increasing pediatric obesity. This study describes the magnitude, distribution, composition and time-distribution of children's screen use examines correlates of screen use and characterises 'extreme' screen users (top quartile). 1,039 South Australian children aged 10-13 years old completed a multimedia 24-hour activity recall diary on 2-4 occasions in 2002, including at least one school day and one non-school day. The median screen time was 229 minutes.d(-1). This was higher in boys (264 vs. 196 minutes p<0.001) and on non-school days (260 vs. 190 minutes p 25% of screen time playing video games (OR=1.8), sleep less, and be of lower SES. Interventions to reduce screen time should target inactive, low-SES boys, encourage earlier bedtimes, and limit video game use.

We're lucky to have doctors at all; a qualitative exploration of Australian farmers' barriers and facilitators to health-related help-seeking

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 04-09-2022

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH191711075

Abstract: This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators that impact on farmers’ help-seeking behaviours for health and mental health concerns. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers (12 male age 51.7 ± 12.6 years) from three rural regions in South Australia. Interviews explored demographic and farm-related characteristics, perceptions of in idual (and where relevant family) health and mental health concerns and experiences, and perceived barriers of health support-seeking. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes. Four key themes were identified relating to help-seeking personal attitudes and beliefs, farm-related barriers, health system barriers and the provision of support from family and friends. Dominant personal attitudes included valuing independence, strength and privacy. Farm related barriers included the ‘farm comes first’ and the fact that ‘farm work is never done’. Health system barriers included issues relating to availability of choice and access, professionals (lack of) understanding of farm life, and time and financial costs of accessing care. Provision of support from family and friends involved informal help and advice, including facilitating access to professional support. Multiple attitudinal, structural, and farm-related issues affect farmers’ help-seeking. Professionals who understand farm work practices and routines are valued by farmers and this is likely to facilitate access to care. Workforce development programs and community programs that involve farmers’ perspectives as consumers and co-designers, using evidence-based strategies, may assist in strengthening these relationships.

Trends in the duration of school-day sleep among 10-to 15-year-old South Australians between 1985 and 2004

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-05-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1651-2227.2007.00278.X

Abstract: To compare self-reported school-day sleep duration in 10- to 15-year-old South Australians between 1985 and 2004. Data were collected from 10- to 15-year-old participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey (n = 390) and the 2004 South Australian Physical Activity Survey (n = 510). Identical self-report questionnaires were administered in both surveys, providing data on school-day bed-time, wake-time and sleep duration as well as age, gender and socioeconomic status (SES). Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and SES, was used to compare all sleep variables between surveys. Declines in sleep duration were found for both girls (28 min) and boys (33 min) between surveys. The reduction was more pronounced in 'lower SES' boys (44 min) than 'higher SES' boys (23 min). Boys reported later bed-time than girls in the 2004 survey, while no gender differences were apparent in the 1985 survey. Our findings suggest reductions in school-day sleep duration have occurred in Australian children and adolescents over the last 20 years, due largely to later bed-times. The physiological significance of these declines and mediating influences, such as SES, are yet to be explicated.

Social and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Behaviours

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 22-01-2018

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH15010169

Modelling the contribution of walking between home and school to daily physical activity in primary age children

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-015-1765-7

Determining Localisation Metrics

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-02-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11205-016-1269-6

Trends in health attitudes and self-perceptions among school-age South Australians between 1985 and 2004

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2007.00109.X

Abstract: To describe trends in health attitudes and self-perceptions among school-age South Australians between 1985 and 2004. The questionnaire from the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey was administered during 2004 in those South Australian schools that participated in the 1985 survey. Using chi square, responses were compared for 10-15 year-olds (1985, n=398 2004, n=467) on attitudes to: visiting the doctor and dentist, smoking, sleep, diet, exercise, stress, having friends, and knowledge about fitness and health. Additionally, self-perceptions of health and fitness were compared. Among boys and girls between 1985 and 2004, there were significant declines in the perceived importance of regularly visiting the dentist and doctor, but improved attitudes to being a non-smoker. Among boys, the perceived importance of sleep and diet declined between surveys. A smaller percentage of boys and girls in the latter survey perceived their current health status as 'good'. In the lower SES s le, the percentage of girls rating healthy diet as 'very important' was lower in 2004. There have been general declines in perceived importance of many health-related behaviours among South Australian youth between 1985-2004. In contrast, the perceived importance of not smoking was higher in 2004 than 1985. The relative success of anti-smoking c aigns targeting youth suggests that health education must be accompanied by broader environmental support in order to effect positive behavioural change.

The effects of gender, motor skills and play area on the free play activities of 8-11 year old school children

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2007.08.005

Abstract: Two studies were conducted to examine the interactions between gender, play area, motor skills and free play activity in 8-11 year old school children. In both studies, boys were more active than girls. In boys, but not in girls, energy expenditure was greater for high-skill than for low-skill children (p = 0.0002), and increased as play area increased (p = 0.01). These results suggest that motor skills and play space are important variables in determining the free play activity of boys, but not of girls. This may be related to widely different play styles among boys and girls.

Fatness, fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 08-2007

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E318064C8B0

A hitchhiker's guide to assessing young people's physical activity: Deciding what method to use

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2008.09.007

Abstract: Researchers and practitioners interested in assessing physical activity in children are often faced with the dilemma of what instrument to use. While there is a plethora of physical activity instruments to choose from, there is currently no guide regarding the suitability of common assessment instruments. The purpose of this paper is to provide a user's guide for selecting physical activity assessment instruments appropriate for use with children and adolescents. While recommendations regarding specific instruments are not provided, the guide offers information about key attributes and considerations for the use of eight physical activity assessment approaches: heart rate monitoring accelerometry pedometry direct observation self-report parent report teacher report and diaries/logs. Attributes of instruments and other factors to be considered in the selection of assessment instruments include: population (age) s le size respondent burden method/delivery mode assessment time frame physical activity information required (data output) data management measurement error cost (instrument and administration) and other limitations. A decision flow chart has been developed to assist researchers and practitioners to select an appropriate method of assessing physical activity. Five real-life scenarios are presented to illustrate this process in light of key instrument attributes. It is important that researchers, practitioners and policy makers understand the strengths and limitations of different methods of assessing physical activity, and are guided on selection of the most appropriate instrument/s to suit their needs.

Previously inactive rural adults' experiences of commencing and maintaining a walking routine following participation in a walking intervention

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-12-2016

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12254

Abstract: This study aimed to richly describe previously inactive Riverland adults' experiences of commencing and maintaining a walking routine following participation in a walking intervention. Qualitative description using semi-structured in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. Riverland, South Australia. Nine adults (four men and five women) aged between 40 and 65 years. Six-week walking intervention included issuing of pedometers, setting goals, completing logs and weekly emails to remind participants to wear their pedometers, recording of steps and provision of strategies for increasing daily steps. Rich description of participants' experiences represented by four themes and a number of subthemes, supported by direct quotes. Four themes: taking care of me through my walk, pedometers and accountability as motivators, fitting walking in and commencing and maintaining a walking routine. The participants' experience of commencing a walking routine differed from maintaining a walking routine. Future attempts to support maintenance of a walking routine may be strengthened through identifying and including ways to provide accountability for walking to others beyond the intervention as well as strategies that support the integration of walking into every activity. Furthermore, future walking interventions should enable participants to tailor their walks to their own preferences and mental health benefits of walking should be promoted at least as much as the physical benefits.

Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behaviour

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 23-11-2005

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2004.016675

Abstract: It is not clear whether the global increase in weight problems in children is the result of excessive energy intake or decreasing energy expenditure. Methodological limitations have made it difficult to analyse. There is evidence that at least part of the problem may lie with increasing energy consumption, but it is important to examine the other side of the energy equation also. However, it is not possible to conclusively describe physical activity trends because of the absence of suitable baseline data. One solution is to summate all available evidence in as many areas of daily activities as possible and then draw tentative conclusions. This review summarises available trend data on direct representations of physical activity in a range of contexts, together with indirect measures such as sedentariness, fitness, and attitudes. The conclusions drawn are: physical activity in clearly defined contexts such as active transport, school physical education, and organised sports is declining in many countries young people would like to be active but are often constrained by external factors such as school policy or curricula, parental rules in relation to safety and convenience, and physical environmental factors.

A new peer instruction method for teaching practical skills in the health sciences: An evaluation of the 'Learning trail'

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S10459-004-2321-X

Abstract: The 'Learning Trail' is an innovative application of peer-mediated instruction designed to enhance student learning in large practical classes. The strategy specifically seeks to improve participants' attention to details of protocol that are often difficult to observe during teacher-centered demonstrations to large groups. Students (n=68) at the University of South Australia trialed this strategy, in which instruction in anthropometric techniques is initiated by an instructor to a group of 3-4 students and then sent in 'waves' from one student group to the next. The final group in the sequence demonstrates the techniques to the instructor, who notes any departures from technical accuracy. As each technical module is flowing from group to group, the instructor initiates the next 'wave' with the first group, and the process is repeated until all of the relevant skills are processed. The final stage is a full class discussion during which sources of technical error are identified and resolved. In this trial, students taught skinfold measurement by the peer instructed method (PI n=33) were compared with a traditionally instructed group (TI n=35), in which the instructor was responsible for all information transfer. For each participant, technical errors of measurement (TEM) were calculated the intra-tester TEM as a measure of reliability, and the inter-tester TEM, in which the student's measures are compared with those of a criterion anthropometrist to give an indication of validity. There were no differences between TI and PI groups on intra-tester TEM (p=0.24), but the PI group had a lower inter-tester TEM for pooled skinfold sites (p=0.006) and for one in idual site (triceps p=0.007), but not the other three sites. The time taken to complete the whole set of instructions did not differ between delivery modes. The results of this trial suggest that the peer-mediated strategy may be more effective than teacher-centered instruction in terms of technical accuracy in anthropometry.

Using physiological principles to explain sex differences in running & swimming performances

Publisher: University of California Press

Date: 08-2005

DOI: 10.1662/0002-7685(2005)067[0343:UPPTES]2.0.CO;2

Socio-economic position as a moderator of 9-13-year-old children's non-core food intake

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 23-04-2016

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015001081

Abstract: There is limited understanding as to why children of low socio-economic position (SEP) consume poorer diets than children of high SEP. Evidence suggests that determinants of dietary intake may differ between SEP groups. The present study aimed to determine if SEP moderated associations of personal and environmental predictors with children’s non-core food and sweetened drink intakes and unhealthy dietary behaviours. Children completed online questionnaires and parents completed computer-assisted telephone interviews to assess intrapersonal and environmental dietary predictors. Dietary intake was measured using an FFQ. Parents reported demographic information for maternal education, occupation and employment, and household income. Twenty-six primary schools in South Australia, Australia. Children aged 9–13 years and their parents ( n 395). Multiple personal and home environment factors predicted non-core food and sweetened drink intakes, and these associations were moderated by SEP. Maternal education moderated associations of girls’ sweetened drink intake with self-efficacy, cooking skills and pressure to eat, and boys’ non-core food intake with monitoring, parent’s self-efficacy and home environment. Maternal occupation and employment moderated associations of sweetened drink intake with attitudes, self-efficacy, pressure to eat and food availability, and non-core food intake with parents’ self-efficacy and monitoring. Income moderated associations with pressure to eat and home environment. Identifying differences in dietary predictors between socio-economic groups informs understanding of why socio-economic gradients in dietary intake may occur. Tailoring interventions and health promotion to the particular needs of socio-economically disadvantaged children may produce more successful outcomes and reduce socio-economic disparities in dietary intake.

Magnesium, nitrogen codoped Cr2O3: A p-type transparent conducting oxide

Publisher: AIP Publishing

Date: 12-09-2011

DOI: 10.1063/1.3638461

Abstract: A p-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO) was synthesised by codoping of poorly conducting chromium oxide (Cr2O3) with magnesium and nitrogen. We demonstrated that the codoping produced a TCO with good figure of merit despite using spray pyrolysis for deposition. The nitrogen enhances the specular transparency of the films in the visible range (400-700 nm), and Mg improves the conductivity while retaining the p-type character of the material. Co-doping with both elements produces a p-type oxide with a low resistivity of 3 Ω cm and transmission up to 65% for a 150 nm thick film. A comparison with other known p-type materials is given.

Student-Led Motivational Interviewing for Physical Activity Promotion among Rural Adults: A Feasibility and Acceptability Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH18031308

Abstract: In many countries, rural residents have lower life expectancies and poorer health outcomes than urban residents. Adults living in rural Australia have lower physical activity levels than major city counterparts, contributing to this observed health disparity. As physical activity interventions in rural populations have shown minimal success, there is an urgent need for innovative and affordable interventions that facilitate active lifestyles in this vulnerable population. This study assessed the feasibility of physical activity-focused motivational interviewing, delivered by university health sciences undergraduates in a rural Australian region. “Health age” was assessed at baseline (n = 62) from physiological and behavioral measures, immediately followed by the motivational interview, with health age again assessed at 8 weeks follow-up. Mixed methods using a questionnaire (n = 41 at both time points) and one-on-one interview (n = 8) identified aspects of intervention acceptability and feasibility. A large majority rated the motivational interview as meaningful (98%), empathetic (96%), autonomy-focused (88%), and likely to lead to sustained behavior change (98%). Interviews highlighted several potential attitudinal and structural factors that might influence long-term behavior change. Further development of this strategy in rural regions will depend on a deeper understanding of in iduals’ and communities’ awareness, attitudes, and beliefs in relation to active lifestyles.

Exploring the social conditions of physical activity participation amongst rural South Australian women: A qualitative study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-10-2021

DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.423

Abstract: Australian women are less likely to participate in recommended levels of weekly physical activity compared with men. Physical activity participation rates decrease with geographical remoteness. Research suggests that a lack of social support mechanisms within the home environment may act as a barrier for rural women to engage in physical activity, along with discomfort experienced within exercise environments. The purpose of this study was to explore the social conditions that facilitate or inhibit physical activity participation amongst women from two rural South Australian communities. A qualitative descriptive approach underpinned by a phenomenological methodological orientation was applied. Participants were recruited using a purposive s ling strategy before semi‐structured interviews (N = 16) were conducted and prepared for thematic analysis. Four inter‐related themes were identified: support from others, time, expectations and available opportunities. Further contextual analysis revealed interwoven notions of physical activity spaces, time and social context within the themes. Multiple types of regulators interact to shape the motivational pattern of an in idual. The themes identified align with self‐determination, transactional and structuration theory, suggesting a need to consider human behaviour both pragmatically and conceptually. Results provide insight into social barriers and facilitators for physical activity participation and concomitantly provide the initial development of a framework for local strategic planning of health‐promoting activities, and in idual reflection to increase physical activity participation amongst rural women.

Identifying correlates and determinants of physical activity in youth: How can we advance the field?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.02.040

Reliability of the 5-min psychomotor vigilance task in a primary school classroom setting

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-2010

DOI: 10.3758/BRM.42.3.754

Secular trends in Australian school children's sleep and perceived importance of sleep between 1985 and 2013

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-06-2017

DOI: 10.1111/APA.13917

Abstract: To examine secular trends in Australian children's actual sleep time as well as the perceived importance of sleep between 1985, 2004 and 2013. Secular trends in children's sleep and their perception of the importance of sleep across three time points 1985 (N = 401), 2004 (N = 450) and 2013 (N = 395) were examined according to socio-economic status (SES), age and sex. The children self-reported their bedtime, wake-up time and their perceived importance of sleep, among other questions. There were no significant differences in sleep duration between boys and girls in any of the survey years, nor were there differences in sleep duration between SES categories at any time point. Independent of survey year, age, sex and SES, there was a graded difference in sleep duration (minutes) across response categories for perceived importance of sleep. Overall, trends in the perceived importance of sleep appeared to match trends in actual sleep time, but not for all subgroups. This study indicates that the sleep duration of high SES Australian school children is returning to, or near to, baseline sleep duration observed in 1985, while the sleep duration of low SES Australian children has remained at low levels.

Equilibrium faceting formation in vicinal Al2O3 (0001) surface caused by annealing

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.SUSC.2012.07.024

The challenges of quantitative evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy community-based childhood obesity prevention programme: lessons learnt from the eat well be active Community Programs in South Australia

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 13-10-2010

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980009991807

Abstract: To describe the rationale, development and implementation of the quantitative component of evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy, community-based childhood obesity prevention project (the eat well be active (ewba) Community Programs) and the challenges associated with this process and some potential solutions. ewba has a quasi-experimental design with intervention and comparison communities. Baseline data were collected in 2006 and post-intervention measures will be taken from a non-matched cohort in 2009. Schoolchildren aged 10–12 years were chosen as one litmus group for evaluation purposes. Thirty-nine primary schools in two metropolitan and two rural communities in South Australia. A total of 1732 10–12-year-old school students completed a nutrition and/or a physical activity questionnaire and 1637 had anthropometric measures taken 983 parents, 286 teachers, thirty-six principals, twenty-six canteen and thirteen out-of-school-hours care (OSHC) workers completed Program-specific questionnaires developed for each of these target groups. The overall child response rate for the study was 49 %. Sixty-five per cent, 43 %, 90 %, 90 % and 68 % of parent, teachers, principals, canteen and OSHC workers respectively, completed and returned questionnaires. A number of practical, logistical and methodological challenges were experienced when undertaking this data collection. Learnings from the process of quantitative baseline data collection for the ewba Community Programs can provide insights for other researchers planning similar studies with similar methods, particularly those evaluating multi-strategy programmes across multiple settings.

Comparison of sedentary behaviours among rural men working in offices and on farms

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-01-2015

DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12143

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare objectively measured sedentary behaviours among rural Australian men working in desk-based offices and on farms during work hours and across the total day. Cross-sectional observational. The Riverland, South Australia. Participants in this study include 29 farmers and 29 office workers (age 30-65 years). Objectively measured sedentary time (number and length of sedentary bouts) and steps taken, at work and across the total day. During work time, office workers were significantly more sedentary than farmers (6.6 ± 1.5 hours (mean ± SD) versus 4.3 ± 1.5 hours, P < 0.05), while breaks in sedentary behaviour among office workers were less frequent (45 ± 17 versus 49 ± 17 per day, P < 0.05) and briefer (4.7 ± 6.8 min versus 9.7 ± 6.8 min, P < 0.05). Across the total day, office workers were more sedentary than farmers (10.0 ± 1.6 hours versus 8.1 ± 1.6 hours, P < 0.05). Office workers took fewer steps at work (427 ± 282 versus 882 ± 282 steps hour(-1) , P < 0.05) and across the whole day (8602 ± 3486 versus 11 579 ± 3486 steps day(-1) , P < 0.05) than farmers. In this study, farmers were less sedentary than rural men of similar age who work in offices. Further research is needed to identify reasons for the particularly high prevalence of chronic disease in Australian farmers.

An alternative fluorine precursor for the synthesis of SnO2:F by spray pyrolysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.TSF.2011.09.016

University Of South Australia

Location: Australia

View Organisation

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP100100321

Start Date: 07-2010

End Date: 06-2014

Amount: $126,669.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP130101078

Start Date: 06-2013

End Date: 12-2016

Amount: $325,343.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0883949

Start Date: 06-2009

End Date: 12-2011

Amount: $80,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council