ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7101-7729
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2023
Abstract: We designed to evaluate the effects of resistance elastic band exercises (REBEs) on cardiometabolic/obesity-related biomarkers in older females with osteosarcopenic obesity. Sixty-three patients (aged 65–80 years) with osteosarcopenic obesity and a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m 2 were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (REBE, n = 32) or a usual care group ( n = 31). The experimental group completed a 12-week REBE program, three times a week and 60 min per session. There were decreases in lipid accumulation product ( p = .033), visceral adipose index ( p = .001), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index ( p = .034), and atherogenic index of plasma ( p = .028) in the experimental group compared with the usual care group. Our findings highlight the importance of an REBE program in improving combined cardiometabolic/obesity-related indices in older women with osteosarcopenic obesity. The incorporation of an REBE program may benefit in iduals who are unable to tolerate or participate in more strenuous exercise programs.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1037/REP0000232
Abstract: Cardiac rehabilitation aims to reduce the likelihood of recurrent cardiac events through physical activity (PA) and education. There is limited understanding about the predictors of physical activity behavior in rural adults beyond rehabilitation. This study explored predictors of regular physical activity in rural adults, 6-12 months post cardiac rehabilitation. Research Method/Design: A self-report questionnaire (quantitative cross-sectional design) was mailed to a simple random s le of rural South Australians who previously participated in cardiac rehabilitation (n = 315). Regression modeling was adjusted for physical activity history and gender to examine psychological, social, and environmental predictors of (a) current leisure-time physical activity, self-reported through the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire expressed as the Leisure Score Index (LSI) and the weekly frequency of physical activity bouts that cause sweating ("sweat frequency"), and (b) stage of physical activity behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change ("Stage of PA change"). All measures of self-efficacy (barriers, task, and relapse), social assimilation, and self-regulation predicted LSI, whereas all measures of self-efficacy and self-regulation predicted both "Stage of PA change" and "sweat frequency." Self-regulation explained the highest percentage of explained variance in LSI (31.6%) and "sweat frequency" (12.5%). Home social support additionally predicted "Stage of PA change" there were no environmental predictors of any of the outcome measures. Similar to urban populations, the predictors of post-cardiac-rehab physical activity among rural adults predominantly emanate from the psychological domain. Findings support the need to strengthen the focus of cardiac rehabilitation program design on self-management skills and behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 14-11-2018
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 08-02-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13637
Abstract: Whilst there has been a wealth of research on benefits of physical activity (PA) in people with cancer, with three published reviews of reviews, no review of reviews has focused on older adults (65 years or older) who may have unique biological characteristics and barriers. We summarised PA effectiveness from reviews where majority of study participants were 65 years or older. Six databases were searched for systematic reviews of randomised controlled studies (RCTs)/quasi-RCTs examining any type of PA in reviews where majority of study participants were aged 65 years or older. Two reviewers conducted the search and analysis according to PRISMA and JBI guidelines. Fifteen reviews involving 76 different primary studies (5404 participants) were included. The majority (3827 71%) had prostate cancer. PA was associated with benefits across multiple physical outcomes (muscle mass, functional performance, strength), improved fatigue and health service outcomes. In contrast to younger adults, there was no improvement in anxiety and mixed findings for quality of life and depression. PA is associated with multiple benefits in older adults with cancer, with some differences compared to younger in iduals which may reflect biological or behavioural determinants. Future research should focus on mechanisms underlying PA effectiveness and underrepresented populations.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2016
Abstract: Heart-rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic function may increase in response to training interventions leading to increases or decreases in performance, making HRV interpretation difficult in isolation. This study aimed to contextualize changes in HRV with subjective measures of training tolerance. Supine and standing measures of vagally mediated HRV (root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals [RMSSD]) and measures of training tolerance (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes questionnaire, perception of energy levels, fatigue, and muscle soreness) were recorded daily during 1 wk of light training (LT), 2 wk of heavy training (HT), and 10 d of tapering (T) in 15 male runners/triathletes. HRV and training tolerance were analyzed as rolling 7-d averages at LT, HT, and T. Performance was assessed after LT, HT, and T with a 5-km treadmill time trial (5TTT). Time to complete the 5TTT likely increased after HT (effect size [ES] ± 90% confidence interval = 0.16 ± 0.06) and then almost certainly decreased after T (ES = −0.34 ± 0.08). Training tolerance worsened after HT (ES ≥ 1.30 ± 0.41) and improved after T (ES ≥ 1.27 ± 0.49). Standing RMSSD very likely increased after HT (ES = 0.62 ± 0.26) and likely remained higher than LT at the completion of T (ES = 0.38 ± 0.21). Changes in supine RMSSD were possible or likely trivial. Vagally mediated HRV during standing increased in response to functional overreaching (indicating potential parasympathetic hyperactivity) and also to improvements in performance. Thus, additional measures such as training tolerance are required to interpret changes in vagally mediated HRV.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/SONO.12138
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.7242
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-018-4003-Z
Abstract: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The presentation of Equation was incorrect.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 18-08-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2018-099153
Abstract: Assess the role of exercise intensity on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with cardiac conditions attending exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Systematic review with meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Studies assessing change in CRF (reported as peak oxygen uptake V̇O 2peak ) in patients post myocardial infarction and revascularisation, following exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Studies establishing V̇O 2peak via symptom-limited exercise test with ventilatory gas analysis and reported intensity of exercise during rehabilitation were included. Studies with mean ejection fraction % were excluded. 128 studies including 13 220 patients were included. Interventions were classified as moderate, moderate-to-vigorous or vigorous intensity based on published recommendations. Moderate and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity interventions were associated with a moderate increase in relative V̇O 2peak (standardised mean difference±95% CI=0.94±0.30 and 0.93±0.17, respectively), and vigorous-intensity exercise with a large increase (1.10±0.25). Moderate and vigorous-intensity interventions were associated with moderate improvements in absolute V̇O 2peak (0.63±0.34 and 0.93±0.20, respectively), whereas moderate-to-vigorous-intensity interventions elicited a large effect (1.27±0.75). Large heterogeneity among studies was observed for all analyses. Subgroup analyses yielded statistically significant, but inconsistent, improvements in CRF. Engagement in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was associated with significant improvements in both absolute and relative V̇O 2peak . Although exercise of vigorous intensity produced the greatest pooled effect for change in relative V̇O 2peak , differences in pooled effects between intensities could not be considered clinically meaningful. Prospero CRD42016035638.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-11-2012
DOI: 10.1017/JSC.2012.16
Abstract: Cessation is the single most important decision smokers can make to improve their health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel biomarker feedback intervention on smoking cessation. Participants (n = 14) were block matched into two groups – biomarker feedback and standard care (control) – and encouraged to stop smoking without the support of any pharmacological aids. All participants received standard smoking cessation advice and also had physiological measures collected during both rest and sub-maximal exercise testing at baseline, week 6 and week 12. The standard care group only received the smoking cessation advice as their intervention, whereas the biomarker feedback group were also given in idual feedback in relation to their physiological results. Cessation rates were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.56) at week 12 follow-up however, a calculation of odds ratios (OR) suggests that the biomarker feedback group was more likely to be successful when compared to standard care (OR = 4.5). Results suggest that targeting health motivations may positively influence cessation rates. Future research is needed to verify this result with a larger group.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-01-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2020.614765
Abstract: While post-exercise heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) has been shown to increase in response to training leading to improvements in performance, the effect of training leading to decrements in performance (i.e., overreaching) on this parameter has been largely ignored. This study evaluated the effect of heavy training leading to performance decrements on sub-maximal post-exercise HRV. Running performance [5 km treadmill time-trial (5TTT)], post-exercise HRV [root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals (RMSSD)] and measures of subjective training tolerance (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes “worse than normal” scores) were assessed in 11 male runners following 1 week of light training (LT), 2 weeks of heavy training (HT) and a 10 day taper (T). Post-exercise RMSSD was assessed following 5 min of running exercise at an in idualised speed eliciting 85% of peak HR. Time to complete 5TTT likely increased following HT ( ES = 0.14 ± 0.03 p & 0.001), and then almost certainly decreased following T ( ES = −0.30 ± 0.07 p & 0.001). Subjective training tolerance worsened after HT ( ES = −2.54 ± 0.62 p = 0.001) and improved after T ( ES = 2.16 ± 0.64 p = 0.004). In comparison to LT, post-exercise RMSSD likely increased at HT ( ES = 0.65 ± 0.55 p = 0.06), and likely decreased at T ( ES = −0.69 ± 0.45 p = 0.02). A moderate within-subject correlation was found between 5TTT and post-exercise RMSSD ( r = 0.47 ± 0.36 p = 0.03). Increased post-exercise RMSSD following HT demonstrated heightened post-exercise parasympathetic modulation in functionally overreached athletes. Heightened post-exercise RMSSD in this context appears paradoxical given this parameter also increases in response to improvements in performance. Thus, additional measures such as subjective training tolerance are required to interpret changes in post-exercise RMSSD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.01.002
Abstract: The American College of Sports Medicine and Exercise and Sports Science Australia recognise the importance of gathering a client history (subjective assessment) to inform clinical decisions for clients with chronic disease and/or disability. Despite the importance of the subjective assessment in problem-oriented exercise management, there is currently no primary evidence to indicate the important domains that should be addressed during the subjective assessment to guide safe and effective clinical decisions. Modified e-Delphi METHODS: A panel of 32 experts was recruited with a median of 12 years of experience (Q The panel of experts elected that best practice for conducting the subjective assessment was a semi-structured approach using a combination of prompts and follow-up questions. The Delphi process resulted in an initial list of 36 domains that was identified by the panel of which 23 domains reached consensus for agreement after Round 3. The subjective assessment is important for Clinical Exercise Physiologists to provide safe and effective services. Best practice for conducting the assessment is the semi-structured approach to prompt the clinician on the domains to include. Twenty three domains have been considered as important for a Clinical Exercise Physiologist to address in a subjective assessment to implement the delivery of safe and effective exercise assessment and/or prescription.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 16-03-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098285
Abstract: To systematically appraise and summarise meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise compared with a control condition on health outcomes in cancer survivors. Umbrella review of intervention systematic reviews. Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were searched using a predefined search strategy. Eligible meta-analyses compared health outcomes between cancer survivors participating in an exercise intervention and a control condition. Health outcomes were cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, health-related quality of life, cancer-related fatigue and depression. Pooled effect estimates from each meta-analysis were quantified using standardised mean differences and considered trivial ( .20), small (0.20–0.49), moderate (0.50–0.79) and large (≥0.80). Findings were summarised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. There were 65 eligible articles that reported a total of 140 independent meta-analyses. 139/140 meta-analyses suggested a beneficial effect of exercise. The beneficial effect was statistically significant in 104 (75%) meta-analyses. Most effect sizes were moderate for cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength and small for cancer-related fatigue, health-related quality of life and depression. The quality of evidence was variable according to the GRADE scale, with most studies rated low or moderate quality. Median incidence of exercise-related adverse events was 3.5%. Exercise likely has an important role in helping to manage physical function, mental health, general well-being and quality of life in people undergoing and recovering from cancer and side effects of treatment. CRD42015020194 .
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 18-05-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2019-101242
Abstract: To assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control, treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were obtained from online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMCARE, PEDro). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to 14 May 2019 (PROSPERO registration No CRD42018090441). We included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising ≥50% physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3, 4 or 5. 19 studies were included in the review (1080 participants) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis (632 participants). Disorders of depression, post-traumatic stress, schizophrenia, anxiety, alcohol dependence and bipolar were included. Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist, treatment as usual and attention control (standardised mean difference=0.41 95% CI −0.65 to −0.17 p .001). Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week (β=−0.44, p .01).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-015-0445-1
Abstract: Aerobic capacity (VO2max) is a strong predictor of health and fitness and is considered a key physiological measure in the healthy adult population. Submaximal step tests provide a safe, simple and ecologically valid means of assessing VO2max in both the general population and a rehabilitation setting. However, no studies have attempted to synthesize the existing knowledge regarding the validity of the multiple step-test protocols available to estimate VO2max in the healthy adult population. The objective of this study was to systematically review literature on the validity and reliability of submaximal step-test protocols to estimate VO2max in healthy adults (age 18-65 years). A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The search returned 690 studies that underwent the initial screening process. To be included, the study had to (1) have participants deemed to be healthy and aged between 18 and 65 years (2) assess VO2max by means of a submaximal step test against a graded exercise test (GXT) to volitional exhaustion and (3) be available in English. Reference lists from included articles were screened for additional articles. The primary outcome measures used were the validity statistics between the actual measured VO2max and predicted VO2max values, and the reported direction of the statistically significant difference between the measured VO2max and the predicted VO2max. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess the risk of bias in each included study, and was adapted to the type of quantitative study design used. The combined database search produced 690 studies, from which 644 were excluded during the screening process. Following full-text assessment, a further 39 studies were excluded based on the eligibility criteria detailed previously. Four additional studies were located via the reference lists of the included studies, leaving 11 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and which compared eight different step-test protocols against a direct measure of VO2max incurred during a maximal GXT. Validity measures varied, with a broad range of correlation coefficients reported across the 11 studies (r = 0.469-0.95). Of the 11 studies, two reported reliability measures, demonstrating good test-retest reliability [mean -0.8 ± 3.7 mL kg(-1) min(-1) (±7.7 % of the mean measured VO2max)]. Considering the relationship between VO2max and various markers of health, the use of step tests as a measure of health in both the general adult population and rehabilitation settings is advocated. Step tests provide a simple, effective and ecologically valid method of submaximally assessing VO2max that can be implemented in a variety of situations within the general adult population. Future research is needed to assess the reliability of the majority of the step-test procedures reviewed. Based on the validity measures, submaximal step-test protocols are an acceptable means of estimating VO2max in the generally healthy adult population. For tracking changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, the Chester Step test appears to be an appropriate tool due to its high test-retest reliability.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-027610
Abstract: Controlled trials support the efficacy of exercise as a treatment modality for chronic conditions, yet effectiveness of real-world Exercise Physiology services is yet to be determined. This study will investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of services provided by Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) for clients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in clinical practice. A non-randomised, opportunistic control, longitudinal design trial will be conducted at ten Exercise Physiology Clinics. Participants will be in iduals with T2D attending one of the Exercise Physiology Clinics for routine AEP services (exercise prescription and counselling) (intervention) or in iduals with T2D not receiving AEP services (usual care) (control). The experimental period will be 6 months with measurements performed at baseline and at 6 months. Primary outcome measures will be glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), resting brachial blood pressure (BP), body mass index, waist circumference, 6 min walk test, grip strength, 30 s sit to stand, Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey and Active Australia Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will be medication usage, out-of-pocket expenses, incidental, billable and non-billable health professional encounters and work missed through ill health. Healthcare utilisation will be measured for 12 months prior to, during and 12 months after trial participation using linked data from Medicare Benefits Schedule and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data. The study is a multicentre trial comprising: University of Tasmania, University of New South Wales Lifestyle Clinic, University of Canberra, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (covered under the ethics approval of University of Tasmania Health and Medical Ethics Committee H0015266), Deakin University (Approval number: 2016–187), Australian Catholic University (2016–304R), Queensland University of Technology (1600000049), University of South Australia (0000035306), University of Western Australia (RA/4/1/8282) and Canberra Hospital (ETH.8.17.170). The findings of this clinical trial will be communicated via peer-reviewed journal articles, conference presentations, social media and broadcast media. ACTRN12616000264482.
Publisher: Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal
Date: 20-12-2021
Abstract: Introduction: Recreational scuba ing has existed for over 70 years with organisations emerging that teach in iduals with disabilities to e. It is unclear what the physical and psychosocial effects of scuba interventions might be. This systematic review explores evidence for the effects of scuba ing in in iduals with neurological disability, intellectual disability and autism. Methods: The databases Medline, EMBASE, Ovid Emcare, and SportDiscus were searched. Included papers described a scuba-based intervention for clients with a neurological disability, intellectual disability and autism, with physical or psychosocial outcomes explored in the paper. Quality of the included papers was assessed using the McMaster Appraisal Tools, with descriptive data synthesis completed to explore the physical and psychosocial effects of the interventions. Results: Four papers met the inclusion criteria: a cross-sectional investigation, a phenomenological study, a case-control study and a multiple case study. The quality of the papers was low to moderate. Papers addressed the psychosocial effects of scuba ing, including motivation to participate, participant experiences, the effect on cognition and physical self-concept. One study reported an increase in self-concept for the majority of participants. An increase in understanding instructions and in visual attention was reported in another. Enjoyment of the activity was reported and motivators to be involved in scuba ing for people with disabilities included fun and excitement. No papers addressed functional outcomes. Conclusions: Whilst scuba ing interventions appear to enhance physical self-concept and are enjoyable, conclusive evidence regarding effectiveness could not be determined. Research in this area is extremely limited.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001845
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of β-blockade on physiological and perceived exertion (RPE) responses during incremental treadmill exercise. Sixteen healthy participants ( n = 8 men age, 25.3 ± 4.6 yr) performed a maximal treadmill exercise test after ingestion of 100 mg metoprolol or placebo, with a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design. Heart rate (HR), ventilatory, and gas exchange variables were measured continuously, and participants reported RPE at the end of each minute. Physiological and RPE responses during each condition were compared at the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point, and at maximal exercise using repeated-measures ANOVA. Linear regression modeled relationships between perceived exertion and physiological variables. The HR and V˙O 2 at the VT, respiratory compensation point, and maximal exercise were all significantly lower after β-blockade ( P 0.05). However, when standardized to within condition peak values, differences were no longer significant. The RPE associated with VT was higher after β-blockade (12.9 ± 1.0 vs 12.3 ± 1.2, P 0.05) but lower at maximal exercise (19.1 ± 0.6 vs 19.4 ± 0.5, P 0.05). Increases in RPE relative to HR were greater after β-blockade and remained significant when expressed relative to peak HR. There was no difference in the growth of the relationship between RPE and V˙O 2 across conditions, although the origin of the relationship was higher with β-blockade. Although β-blockade resulted in a significant reduction in exercising HR and V˙O 2 , the RPE for a given relative intensity remained unchanged. The relationship between RPE and V˙O 2 was not affected by β-blockade. The results provide evidence that RPE is a useful and reliable measure for exercise testing and prescription in patients prescribed β-blockade therapy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-08-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9080908
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0484-2
Abstract: Autonomic regulation of heart rate (HR) as an indicator of the body's ability to adapt to an exercise stimulus has been evaluated in many studies through HR variability (HRV) and post-exercise HR recovery (HRR). Recently, HR acceleration has also been investigated. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of negative adaptations to endurance training (i.e., a period of overreaching leading to attenuated performance) and positive adaptations (i.e., training leading to improved performance) on autonomic HR regulation in endurance-trained athletes. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Academic Search Premier databases from inception until April 2015. Included articles examined the effects of endurance training leading to increased or decreased exercise performance on four measures of autonomic HR regulation: resting and post-exercise HRV [vagal-related indices of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals (RMSSD), high frequency power (HFP) and the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1) only], and post-exercise HRR and HR acceleration. Of the 5377 records retrieved, 27 studies were included in the systematic review and 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies inducing increases in performance showed small increases in resting RMSSD [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.58 P < 0.001], HFP (SMD = 0.55 P < 0.001) and SD1 (SMD = 0.23 P = 0.16), and moderate increases in post-exercise RMSSD (SMD = 0.60 P < 0.001), HFP (SMD = 0.90 P < 0.04), SD1 (SMD = 1.20 P = 0.04), and post-exercise HRR (SMD = 0.63 P = 0.002). A large increase in HR acceleration (SMD = 1.34) was found in the single study assessing this parameter. Studies inducing decreases in performance showed a small increase in resting RMSSD (SMD = 0.26 P = 0.01), but trivial changes in resting HFP (SMD = 0.04 P = 0.77) and SD1 (SMD = 0.04 P = 0.82). Post-exercise RMSSD (SMD = 0.64 P = 0.04) and HFP (SMD = 0.49 P = 0.18) were increased, as was HRR (SMD = 0.46 P < 0.001), while HR acceleration was decreased (SMD = -0.48 P < 0.001). Increases in vagal-related indices of resting and post-exercise HRV, post-exercise HRR, and HR acceleration are evident when positive adaptation to training has occurred, allowing for increases in performance. However, increases in post-exercise HRV and HRR also occur in response to overreaching, demonstrating that additional measures of training tolerance may be required to determine whether training-induced changes in these parameters are related to positive or negative adaptations. Resting HRV is largely unaffected by overreaching, although this may be the result of methodological issues that warrant further investigation. HR acceleration appears to decrease in response to overreaching training, and thus may be a potential indicator of training-induced fatigue.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 26-10-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2020
Abstract: Regular physical activity for older adults as they age is important for maintaining not only physical function but also independence and self-worth. To be able to monitor changes in physical function, appropriate validated measures are required. Reliability of measures such as the timed-up-and-go, five-repetition sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, two-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, and four-metre walk has been demonstrated however, the appropriateness of such measures in a population of adults living with dementia, who may be unable to follow instructions or have diminished physical capacity, is not as well quantified. This study sought to test modified standard protocols for these measures. Modification to the standard protocols of the timed-up-and-go, five-repetition sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, two-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, and four-metre walk was trialled. This occurred through modification of procedural components of the assessment, such as encouraging participants to use their hands to raise themselves from a seated position, or the incorporation of staged verbal cueing, demonstration, or physical guidance where required. The test–retest reliability of the modified protocols was assessed using Pearson’s correlation, and performance variances were assessed using the %coefficient of variation. Intraclass correlations were included for comparisons to previous research and to examine measurement consistency within three trials. At least 64% of the population were able to complete all measures. Good test–retest reliability was indicated for the modified measures (timed-up-and-go = 0.87 five-repetition sit-to-stand = 0.75 handgrip strength = 0.94 two-minute walk = 0.87 the 30-second sit-to-stand = 0.93 and the four-metre walk = 0.83), and the %coefficient of variation (7.2%–14.8%) and intraclass correlation (0.77–0.98) were acceptable to good. This article describes the methodology of the modified assessments, presents the test–retest statistics, and reports how modification of the current protocols for common measures of physical function enabled more older adults living with dementia in a residential aged care facility to participate in assessments, with high reliability demonstrated for the measures.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/GGI.13923
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-71597-4
Abstract: Maximal rate of heart rate (HR) increase (rHRI) as a measure of HR acceleration during the transition from rest to exercise, or during an increase in workload, tracks exercise performance. rHRI assessed at relative rather than absolute workloads may track performance better, and a field test would increase applicability. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of rHRI assessed at in idualised relative workloads during treadmill and overground running for tracking exercise performance. Treadmill running performance (5 km time trial 5TTT) and rHRI were assessed in 11 male runners following 1 week of light training (LT), 2 weeks of heavy training (HT) and a 10-day taper (T). rHRI was the first derivative maximum of a sigmoidal curve fit to HR data collected during 5 min of treadmill running at 65% peak HR (rHRI65%), and subsequent transition to 85% peak HR (rHRI85%). Participants ran at the same speeds overground, paced by a foot-mounted accelerometer. Time to complete 5TTT likely increased following HT (ES = 0.14 ± 0.03), and almost certainly decreased following T (ES = − 0.30 ± 0.07). Treadmill and field rHRI65% likely increased after HT in comparison to LT (ES ≤ 0.48 ± 0.32), and was unchanged at T. Treadmill and field rHRI85% was unchanged at HT in comparison to LT, and likely decreased at T in comparison to LT (ES ≤ − 0.55 ± 0.50). 5TTT was not correlated with treadmill or field rHRI65% or rHRI85%. rHRI65% was highly correlated between treadmill and field tests across LT, HT and T (r ≥ 0.63), but correlations for rHRI85% were trivial to moderate (r ≤ 0.42). rHRI assessed at relative exercise intensities does not track performance. rHRI assessed during the transition from rest to running overground and on a treadmill at the same running speed were highly correlated, suggesting that rHRI can be validly assessed under field conditions at 65% of peak HR.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-016-3485-9
Abstract: To determine whether maximal oxygen uptake (VO Sixteen participants (31.7 ± 11.3 years, 3 females) completed three PRETs (separated by 24-72 h) and one maximal, perceptually-regulated, graded exercise test (PRETmax) on a motorized treadmill. Oxygen uptake (VO VO The step PRET elicited significant and reliable increases in VO
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-05-2008
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2008.66
Abstract: Impaired endothelial function in obesity may reduce blood flow to sites of metabolism, contributing to impaired fat oxidation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols and regular exercise, interventions known to improve endothelial function, on cardiometabolic function and body composition in obese in iduals. Overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to high-flavanol cocoa (HF, 902 mg flavanols), HF and exercise, low-flavanol cocoa (LF, 36 mg flavanols), or LF and exercise for 12 weeks (exercise duration was 3 x 45 min per week at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), supine blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma insulin, and glucose levels were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was determined using the modified homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2). A total of 49 subjects (M=18 F=31) completed the intervention. Baseline averages were as follows: body mass index=33.5 kg/m(2) BP=123/76 mm Hg HOMA2=2.4 FMD=4.3% rate of fat oxidation during exercise=0.34 g min(-1) abdominal fat=45.7% of total abdominal mass. Compared to LF, HF increased FMD acutely (2 h post-dose) by 2.4% (P<0.01) and chronically (over 12 weeks P<0.01) by 1.6% and reduced insulin resistance by 0.31% (P<0.05), diastolic BP by 1.6 mm Hg and mean arterial BP by 1.2 mm Hg (P<0.05), independent of exercise. Regular exercise increased fat oxidation during exercise by 0.10 g min(-1) (P<0.01) and reduced abdominal fat by 0.92% (P<0.05). Although HF consumption was shown to improve endothelial function, it did not enhance the effects of exercise on body fat and fat metabolism in obese subjects. However, it may be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in this population.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-12-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2021.771899
Abstract: Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) have been shown to exhibit altered ventilatory characteristics on the second of two progressive maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) performed on consecutive days. However, maximal exercise can exacerbate symptoms for ME/CFS patients and cause significant post-exertional malaise. Assessment of heart rate (HR) parameters known to track post-exertional fatigue may represent more effective physiological markers of the condition and could potentially negate the need for maximal exercise testing. Sixteen ME/CFS patients and 10 healthy controls underwent a sub-maximal warm-up followed by CPET on two consecutive days. Ventilation, ratings of perceived exertion, work rate (WR) and HR parameters were assessed throughout on both days. During sub-maximal warm-up, a time effect was identified for the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power of HR variability ( p =0.02) during sub-maximal warm-up, and for HR at ventilatory threshold ( p =0.03), with both being higher on Day Two of testing. A significant group ( p & .01) effect was identified for a lower post-exercise HR recovery (HRR) in ME/CFS patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of HRR revealed an area under the curve of 74.8% ( p =0.02) on Day One of testing, with a HRR of 34.5bpm maximising sensitivity (63%) and specificity (40%) suggesting while HRR values are altered in ME/CFS patients, low sensitivity and specificity limit its potential usefulness as a biomarker of the condition.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000669
Abstract: • Exercise interventions targeting improvements in movement quality can increase training safety and effectiveness. • Movement quality–specific training can cause improvements in functionally relevant performance outcomes in a way that may be perceived as easier than traditional training interventions. • Assessing movement quality before prescribing exercise can highlight areas of training focus while identifying key exercises that your clients can perform safely.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 22-02-2021
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.27889.1
Abstract: Background: Immersion Therapy (IT), is an underwater experience using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) equipment for in iduals with disabilities. The aim of this study was to produce a descriptive overview of IT and explore measures used to capture physical and psychosocial experiences. Methods: Six participants, two females and four males aged 24-54, with a range of disabilities were recruited. A single session was filmed and analysed, with a selection of outcome measures explored during and post session. Results: A typical session of IT involves both active and inactive time, with a range of observed activities. All participants showed an increase in heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and affect, however, these results varied. IT is described as ‘fun, challenging and social’, with participants expressing they enjoy the freedom and experience. The overall perception and experience of the activity tends to be positive. Conclusions: More research is required to determine if IT has significant effects on physical and psychosocial outcomes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1155/2010/191253
Abstract: Background . Obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to independently increase the risk of CVD mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CRF, body fatness and markers of arterial function. Method and Results . Obese (9 male, 18 female BMI 35.3 ± 0.9 kg·m -2 ) and lean (8 male, 18 female BMI 22.5 ± 0.3 kg·m -2 ) volunteers were assessed for body composition (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness (predicted max), blood pressure (BP), endothelial vasodilatator function (FMD), and arterial compliance (AC) (via radial artery tonometry). The obese group had more whole body fat and abdominal fat (43.5 ± 1.2% versus 27.2 ± 1.6% and 48.6 ± 0.9% versus 28.9 ± 1.8% resp.), and lower FMD (3.2 ± 0.4% versus 5.7 ± 0.7% ) than the lean subjects, but there was no difference in AC. AC in large arteries was positively associated with CRF ( ) but not with fatness. Conclusion . These results indicate distinct influences of obesity and CRF on blood vessel health. FMD was impaired with obesity, which may contribute to arterial and metabolic dysfunction. Low CRF was associated with reduced elasticity in large arteries, which could result in augmentation of aortic afterload.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2018.1475722
Abstract: Correlations between fatigue-induced changes in exercise performance and maximal rate of heart rate (HR) increase (rHRI) may be affected by exercise intensity during assessment. This study evaluated the sensitivity of rHRI for tracking performance when assessed at varying exercise intensities. Performance (time to complete a 5-km treadmill time-trial [5TTT]) and rHRI were assessed in 15 male runners following 1 week of light training, 2 weeks of heavy training (HT), and a 10-day taper (T). Maximal rate of HR increase (measured in bpm·s Time to complete a 5-km treadmill time-trial was likely slower following HT (effect size ± 90% confidence interval = 0.16 ± 0.06), and almost certainly faster following T (-0.34 ± 0.08). Maximal rate of HR increase during 5 min of running at 8 km·h The 5TTT performance was tracked by both rHRI
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-017-3728-4
Abstract: Being able to identify how an athlete is responding to training would be useful to optimise adaptation and performance. The maximal rate of heart rate increase (rHRI), a marker of heart rate acceleration has been shown to correlate with performance changes in response to changes in training load in male athletes however, it has not been established if it also correlates with performance changes in female athletes. rHRI and cycling performance were assessed in six female cyclists following 7 days of light training (LT), 14 days of heavy training (HT) and a 10 day taper period. rHRI was the first derivative maximum of a sigmoidal curve fit to R-R data recorded during 5 min of cycling at 100 W. Cycling performance was assessed as work done (kJ) during time-trials of 5 (5TT) and 60 (60TT) min duration. 5TT was possibly decreased at HT (ES ± 90% confidence interval = - 0.16 ± 0.25 p = 0.60), while, 5TT and 60TT very likely to almost certainly increased from HT to taper (ES = 0.71 ± 0.24 p = 0.007 and ES = 0.42 ± 0.19 p = 0.02, respectively). Large within-subject correlations were found between rHRI, and 5TT (r = 0.65 ± 0.37 p = 0.02) and 60TT (r = 0.70 ± 0.31 p = 0.008). rHRI during the transition from rest to light exercise correlates with training induced-changes in exercise performance in females, suggesting that rHRI may be a useful monitoring tool for female athletes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-59369-6
Abstract: The maximal rate of heart rate (HR) increase (rHRI), a marker of HR acceleration during transition from rest to submaximal exercise, correlates with exercise performance. In this cohort study, whether rHRI tracked performance better when evaluated over shorter time-periods which include a greater proportion of HR acceleration and less steady-state HR was evaluated. rHRI and five-km treadmill running time-trial performance (5TTT) were assessed in 15 runners following one week of light training (LT), two weeks of heavy training (HT) and 10-day taper (T). rHRI was the first derivative maximum of a sigmoidal curve fit to one, two, three and four minutes of R-R data during transition from rest to running at 8 km/h (rHRI 8 km/h ), 10.5 km/h , 13 km/h and transition from 8 to 13 km/h (rHRI 8–13km/h ). 5TTT time increased from LT to HT (effect size [ES] 1.0, p 0.001) then decreased from HT to T (ES −1.7, p 0.001). 5TTT time was inversely related to rHRI 8 km/h assessed over two (B = −5.54 , p = 0.04) three (B = −5.34 , p = 0.04) and four (B = −5.37 , p = 0.04) minutes, and rHRI 8–13km/h over one (B = −11.62 , p = 0.006) and three (B = −11.44 , p = 0.03) minutes. 5TTT correlated most consistently with rHRI 8 km/h . rHRI 8 km/h assessed over two to four minutes may be suitable for evaluating athlete responses to training.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PTR.5729
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2018
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-07-2015
Abstract: The metabolic syndrome is a pathological state whereby cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction coexist and typically progress in a mutual feed-forward manner to further dysfunction and ultimately disease. The health and function of the vascular endothelium is integral in this phenomenon and thus represents a logical target for intervention. Consumption of foods high in cocoa flavanols has demonstrated a capacity to markedly improve endothelial function and key markers of the metabolic syndrome including blood pressure and insulin sensitivity. The typically high energy content of foods containing sufficient doses of cocoa flavanols has caused some reservations around its therapeutic use, but this is dependent upon the particulars of the food matrix used. Further to this, the food matrix appears to influence the dose response curve of cocoa flavanols, particularly on blood pressure, with dark chocolate appearing to be 8 times more effective in systolic blood pressure reduction than a cocoa powder drink for the equivalent dose of flavanol. Cocoa flavanol consumption conclusively demonstrates a positive impact on cardiometabolic function however, more research is needed to understand how best to consume it to maximize the benefit while avoiding excessive fat and sugar consumption.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-09-2019
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1665234
Abstract: The aim of this trial was to compare an eight-week in idual movement quality versus traditional resistance training intervention on movement quality and physical performance. Forty-six trained adults were randomised to a movement quality-focused training (MQ) or a traditional resistance training (TRAD) group, and performed two in idualised training sessions per week, for 8 weeks. Session-RPE (sRPE) was obtained from each session. Measures of movement quality (MovementSCREEN and Functional Movement Screen (FMS)) and physical performance were performed pre- and post-intervention. All measures improved significantly in both groups (3-14.5%, p = <0.005). The between-group difference in MovementSCREEN composite score was not statistically significant (0.3, 95% CI -3.4, 4.1, p = 0.852). However, change in FMS composite was significantly greater in MQ (1.3, 95% CI 0.8, 1.8, p < 0.001). There were no significant between-group differences in physical performance (p = 0.060-0.960). The mean sRPE was significantly lower in MQ (5.25, SD 1.2) compared to TRAD (6.6 SD 1.0, p = <0.001). Thus, although movement quality scores were not distinctly greater in the MQ group, a movement quality specific intervention caused comparable improvements in physical performance compared to traditional resistance training but at lower perceived training intensity.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2021
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to produce a descriptive overview of the types of water-based interventions for people with neurological disability, autism, and intellectual disability and to determine how outcomes have been evaluated. Literature was searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid Emcare, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and Google. One hundred fifty-three papers met the inclusion criteria, 115 hydrotherapy, 62 swimming, 18 SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), and 18 other water-based interventions. Common conditions included cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and intellectual disability. Fifty-four papers explored physical outcomes, 36 psychosocial outcomes, and 24 both physical and psychosocial outcomes, with 180 different outcome measures reported. Overall, there is a lack of high-quality evidence for all intervention types. This review provides a broad picture of water-based interventions and associated research. Future research, guided by this scoping review, will allow a greater understanding of the potential benefits for people with neurological disability, autism, and intellectual disability.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-017-3549-5
Abstract: Correlations between fatigue-induced changes in performance and maximal rate of HR increase (rHRI) may be affected by differing assessment workloads. This study evaluated the effect of assessing rHRI at different workloads on performance tracking, and compared this with HR variability (HRV) and HR recovery (HRR). Performance [5-min cycling time trial (5TT)], rHRI (at multiple workloads), HRV and HRR were assessed in 12 male cyclists following 1 week of light training (LT), 2 weeks of heavy training (HT) and a 10-day taper (T). 5TT very likely decreased after HT (effect size ± 90% confidence interval = -0.75 ± 0.41), and almost certainly increased after T (1.15 ± 0.48). rHRI at 200 W likely increased at HT (0.70 ± 0.60), and then likely decreased at T (-0.50 ± 0.70). rHRI at 120 and 160 W was unchanged. Pre-exercise HR during rHRI assessments at 120 W and 160 W likely decreased after HT (≤-0.39 ± 0.14), and correlations between these changes and rHRI were large to very large (r = -0.67 ± 0.31 and r = -0.78 ± 0.23). When controlling for pre-exercise HR, rHRI at 120 W very likely slowed after HT (-0.72 ± 0.44), and was moderately correlated with 5TT (r = 0.35 ± 0.32). RMSSD likely increased at HT (0.75 ± 0.49) and likely decreased at T (-0.49 ± 0.49). HRR following 5TT likely increased at HT (0.84 ± 0.31) and then likely decreased at T (-0.81 ± 0.35). When controlling for pre-exercise HR, rHRI assessment at 120 W most sensitively tracked performance. Increased RMSSD following HT indicated heightened parasympathetic modulation in fatigued athletes. HRR was only sensitive to changes in training status when assessed after maximal exercise, which may limit its practical applicability.
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.5694/MJA14.01108
No related grants have been discovered for Kade Davison.