ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4932-0828
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2009.12.004
Abstract: To compare the predictive power of anthropometric indices (BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) for diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (TSI) adults. Cross-sectional study of 2862 Indigenous Australians aged over 15 living in rural communities in Far North Queensland during 1999-2001. The predictive values of anthropometric indices for cardio-metabolic disorders were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. BMI was the poorest predictor while WHpR was the best among the four measures. The optimal WHtR and WHpR cut-off points for the cardio-metabolic risks in both women and men in the two Indigenous populations were 0.5-0.6 and 0.9 respectively. Optimal BMI cut-offs for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were much lower in Aborigines than the recommended WHO BMI cut-offs, while those in TSIs were around WHO BMI criteria. The optimal WC cut-points varied by gender and ethnicity. BMI was not a good discriminator of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Australian Indigenous populations compared with other anthropometric indices. WHpR is more closely associated with the risk of cardio-metabolic in these high-risk populations.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-11-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11122882
Abstract: We would like to thank Drs [...]
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-10-2008
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-02-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980011003661
Abstract: To assess nutritional status using red-cell folate (RCF) and associated health behaviours including fruit and vegetable intake, smoking, drinking and physical activity in two Indigenous populations living in remote northern Australia. A cross-sectional survey conducted during 1998–2000. Twenty-six rural communities in north Queensland, Australia. A total of 2524 Indigenous people aged 15 years and over was included in the study. Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were recorded. RCF was measured using the Bayer Advia Centaur automated immunoassay system. The association between low RCF (RCF nmol/l) and risk factors was analysed using general linear models adjusted for demographic factors and covariates, namely BMI, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of RCF deficiency was higher in Aboriginal participants compared with Torres Strait Islanders (25·6 % v . 14·8 %, P 0·001). Young women of childbearing age were more likely to have low RCF. Among Aboriginal adults, smoking was strongly associated with low RCF (risk ratio = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·5, 2·5 in females and risk ratio = 2·9, 95 % CI 1·9, 4·2 in males). Indigenous Australians, especially women of childbearing age, had high prevalence of low RCF. Smoking was associated with insufficient folate independent of fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal population. This population with an already higher risk of obesity and higher rate of tobacco smoking should be targeted to improve nutrition status to prevent ill health such as diabetes and CVD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2008.617
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among Indigenous Australian adults who did not drink alcohol. A cross-sectional study of 791 Indigenous adults in rural North Queensland communities was conducted between 1999 and 2001. Measures included serum GGT, fasting glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides resting blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference and self-reported physical activity, alcohol intake, and tobacco smoking. Central obesity measured by waist circumference in this population was significantly associated with elevated GGT independently of lifestyle behaviors (Adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-6.0). Metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation definition) was also strongly associated with increased GGT (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5-4.6). Habitual physical activity may be slightly protective (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.5-1.6) in this group, but this was not clearly demonstrated in this study. Prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this population should emphasize "waist loss" and metabolic health through dietary and other interventions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2022
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.51423
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14224783
Abstract: Objective: Ultra-processed food (UPF) has been shown to increase the cardiometabolic health risks. We aimed to determine the association between UPF intake based on the NOVA classification and the risk of hypertension incidence during 1997–2015. Methods: Data from 15,054 adults aged ≥ 20 years (47.4% males) attending the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) were used. Food intake at each survey was assessed by a 3-day 24 h dietary recall and weighed food record method between 1997–2011. Cox regression was used to assess the association between UPF intake and incident hypertension. Results: During a mean average of 9.5 years (SD 5.5) of follow up, 4329 hypertension incident cases were identified. The incident rates (per 1000) for non-consumers and 1–49, 50–99, and ≥100 g/day of UPF intake were 29.5 and 29.5, 33.4, and 36.3, respectively. Compared with non-consumers, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for UPF intake of 1–49, 50–99, and g/day were 1.00 (0.90–1.12), 1.17 (1.04–1.33), and 1.20 (1.06–1.35), respectively, (p = 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was a significant interaction between UPF intake and age with a higher risk in the younger group ( years) than in the older one. Conclusion: UPF consumption was dose-responsively associated with increased risk of hypertension among Chinese adults, especially in younger groups.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-09-2017
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1378330
Abstract: Using unbiased population data, to examine whether having a positive Pap smear, and thus a high probability of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, is a significant risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a subsequent pregnancy. Two independent population-based databases, namely the South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection and the South Australian Cervical Screening Database, were deidentified and linked by the SANT Datalinkage Service. Analyses were performed on cases where Pap smear screening data was available for up to 2 years prior to a singleton live birth. Population characteristics and pregnancy related data were compared statistically by normal birth weight versus IUGR (10th percentile - known as small for gestational age (SGA), small for gestational age) and (3rd percentile birth weight - known as VLBW, very low birth weight). The association between cervical screening results and IUGR was assessed using generalized linear log binomial regression models. A total of 31,827 women met the criteria. Of these, 1311 women (4.1%) had a positive Pap smear within 2 years of the current pregnancy. Those having a positive Pap smear were more likely to have a baby with IUGR than those with negative smear results. For SGA, 5.8% babies were from mothers with positive Pap smears compared to 4.0% with negative smears indicating a 40% higher risk of having an SGA baby (95%CI 20-70%) among women with positive Pap smears. For VLBW, 7.6% mothers had positive Pap smears compared with 4.0% with negative smears (p < .001), which reflects a 90% increased risk (95%CI 40-150%). These associations reduced to 20% (95%CI 1-40%) and 50% (95%CI 10-100%) for SGA and VLBW, respectively, after adjusting for all other significant covariates including maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, smoking, pregnancy history, and maternal health during pregnancy. Mothers with a positive Pap smear have an increased risk of IUGR, especially for VLBW, which is independent of other risk factors. The results confirm previous findings in a small study and emphasise the need to consider the risks of both cancer and IUGR in all HPV vaccination programs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2016.04.022
Abstract: To quantify the risk of hospitalization for infections in Indigenous Australian adults with diabetes in rural and remote communities. 2787 Indigenous adults including 396 with diabetes at baseline from 19 communities in North Queensland from 1998 to 2007 were included in the study. Main measures were weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipids, self-reported tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. Baseline data were linked to hospital separation data using probabilistic linkage. The association between diabetes and hospitalization for all causes and infections was investigated using generalized linear model (GLM) and adjusted for other baseline measurements. During a median follow up of 7years, 461 participants were hospitalized with 762 episodes of infection. 277 patients with diabetes (70%) were hospitalized at least once. 40% (110 in 277) were for community acquired infections. Patients with diabetes were twice as likely to be hospitalized for infections as those without diabetes (adjusted risk ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.6-2.8), especially for urinary tract infections, cellulitis, and septicaemia. Median length of stay was 6 (IQR 3-13) days for diabetes patients compared to 3.4days (IQR 2-6.4) for those without diabetes (P<0.001) CONCLUSIONS: In addition to an already high rate of hospitalizations for infections among Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous Australians, diabetes confers an additional risk for severe infections especially urinary tract infection, cellulitis and septicaemia. Recovery is also comparatively slower. Early recognition and management of these infections in the primary care setting may reduce this risk and better control of glycaemia and its risk factors may improve underlying immune dysfunction.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-020-08562-Y
Abstract: Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss $$\xi $$ ξ and the four-momentum transfer squared t . Both processes $${\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ p }{}{}} \rightarrow {\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }} $$ p p → p X and $${\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ p }{}{}} \rightarrow {\text{ X }} {\text{ p }{}{}} $$ p p → X p , i.e. with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, where $${\text{ X }} $$ X includes at least two jets the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ s = 8 Te during a dedicated run with $$\beta ^{*} = 90\,\text {m} $$ β ∗ = 90 m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$37.5{\,\text {nb}^{-1}} $$ 37.5 nb - 1 . The single-diffractive dijet cross section $$\sigma ^{{\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }}}_{\mathrm {jj}}$$ σ jj p X , in the kinematic region $$\xi 0.1$$ ξ 0.1 , $$0.03 |t | 1\,\text {Ge}\text {V} ^2$$ 0.03 | t | 1 Ge 2 , with at least two jets with transverse momentum $$p_{\mathrm {T}} 40\,\text {Ge}\text {V} $$ p T 40 Ge , and pseudorapidity $$|\eta | 4.4$$ | η | 4.4 , is $$21.7 \pm 0.9\,\text {(stat)} \,^{+3.0}_{-3.3}\,\text {(syst)} \pm 0.9\,\text {(lumi)} \,\text {nb} $$ 21.7 ± 0.9 (stat) - 3.3 + 3.0 (syst) ± 0.9 (lumi) nb . The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of $$\xi $$ ξ , is presented as a function of x , the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for x values in the range $$-2.9 \le \log _{10} x \le -1.6$$ - 2.9 ≤ log 10 x ≤ - 1.6 , is $$R = (\sigma ^{{\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }}}_{\mathrm {jj}}/\Delta \xi )/\sigma _{\mathrm {jj}} = 0.025 \pm 0.001\,\text {(stat)} \pm 0.003\,\text {(syst)} $$ R = ( σ jj p X / Δ ξ ) / σ jj = 0.025 ± 0.001 (stat) ± 0.003 (syst) , where $$\sigma ^{{\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }}}_{\mathrm {jj}}$$ σ jj p X and $$\sigma _{\mathrm {jj}}$$ σ jj are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1991
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2007.02.005
Abstract: Physical activity levels were assessed among adolescents in Xi'an City, China, using a validated physical activity questionnaire. Physical activity recommendations were met by 56% of the adolescents and boys were more active than girls. The mean daily sedentary time was 6.4 hours, among which 3 hours was spent doing homework.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1991
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2011.156
Abstract: This report aims to compare the prediction of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components for morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a cohort of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults (TSIs). A total of 2,100 adults (1,283 Aborigines and 817 TSIs) was followed up for 6 years from 2000. Outcome measures were all CHD events (deaths and hospitalizations). Baseline anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood lipids and glucose were collected. Smoking and alcohol intake was self-reported. We found MetS was more prevalent in TSI (50.3%) compared to Aborigines (33.0%). Baseline MetS doubled the risk of a CHD event in Aborigines. Increased fasting triglycerides was stronger in predicting CHD (hazard ratio (HR): 2.8) compared with MetS after adjusted for age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and baseline diabetes and albuminuria for Aborigines but not among TSIs. MetS was not more powerful than its components in predicting CHD event. In Australian Aborigines, the "triglyceridemic waist" phenotype strongly predicts CHD event, whereas among TSI, baseline diabetes mediated the prediction of increased fasting glucose for CHD event.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-037069
Abstract: Using linked cancer registry and administrative data to monitor, tumour, node and metastases (TNM) stage and survival from female breast cancer in Australia. Analysis of 2000–2014 diagnoses with linked population-based data to investigate: (1) sociodemographic predictors of advanced stage (stages III and IV), using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression and (2) sociodemographic factors and stage as predictors of breast cancer survival using competing risk regression. Population-based registry cohort. 14 759 South Australian women diagnosed in 2000–2014. Stage and survival. At diagnosis, 46% of women were classified as stage I, 39% as stage II, 12% as stage III and 4% as stage IV. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, advanced stage was more common: (1) for ages years and although not statistically significant, for ages 80+ years and (2) in women from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Compared with 2000–2004 diagnoses, stage and sociodemographic adjusted risks (sub-HRs (SHRs)) of breast cancer death were lower in 2005–2009 (SHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83) and 2010–2015 (SHR 0.57, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.67). Compared with stage I, the SHR was 3.87 (95% CI 3.32 to 4.53) for stage II, 10.87 (95% CI 9.22 to 12.81) for stage III, and 41.97 (95% CI 34.78 to 50.65) for stage IV. Women aged 70+ years at diagnosis and those living in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were at elevated risk of breast cancer death, independent of stage and sociodemographic factors. Stage varied by age, diagnostic period and socioeconomic status, and was a stronger predictor of survival than other statistically significant sociodemographic predictors. Achieving earlier diagnosis outside the original BreastScreen target of 50–69 years (as applying ) and in residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged areas likely would increase cancer survival at a population level.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-05-2019
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.8067176.V1
Abstract: While numerous hydrogen bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have been reported, typically these cannot be prepared predictably or in a modular fashion. In this work, we report a family of nine diamondoid crystalline porous frameworks assembled via hydrogen bonding between poly-amidinium and poly-carboxylate tectons in aqueous media. Importantly, both the cationic and anionic components can be varied and additional functionality can be incorporated into the frameworks, which show good stability including to prolonged heating in DMSO or water.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1990
Publisher: Knowledge E
Date: 08-01-2021
DOI: 10.18502/JMEHM.V14I25.8279
Abstract: In this paper, the evolution of the ethics committees for health research, their history, membership, and function in China and Australia is described. Investigators in each country compared the history and governance of their ethical systems based on the published evidence rather than personal opinions. Similarly, ex les of challenges were selected from the literature. In both countries, the aim was to maximize the social benefits of research and minimize the risk imposed on the participants. Common challenges include maintaining independence, funding and delivering timely ethical reviews of the research projects. These challenges can be difficult where research ethics committees rely on voluntary contributions and lack a strong resource base. They must adapt to the increasingly rapid pace of research as well as the technological sophistication. Population health research can challenge the conventional views of consent and privacy. The principles of the sound ethical review are common in both countries governance arrangements and operational procedures, however, can differ, reflecting the cultural values and norms of their host countries and in respect of legal environments. By studying the evolution and function of ethics committees in the two countries, we established the differences in the governance and health systems, while similar ethical objectives helped sustain collaborative research.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-11-2018
Abstract: Cervical cancer mortality has halved in Australia since the national cervical screening program began in 1991, but elevated mortality rates persist for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (referred to as Aboriginal women in this report). We investigated differences by Aboriginal status in abnormality rates predicted by cervical cytology and confirmed by histological diagnoses among screened women. Using record linkage between cervical screening registry and public hospital records in South Australia, we obtained Aboriginal status of women aged 20–69 for 1993–2016 (this was not recorded by the registry). Differences in cytological abnormalities were investigated by Aboriginal status, using relative risk ratios from mixed effect multinomial logistic regression modelling. Odds ratios were calculated for histological high grade results for Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal women. Of 1,676,141 linkable cytology tests, 5.8% were abnormal. Abnormal results were more common for women who were younger, never married, and living in a major city or socioeconomically disadvantaged area. After adjusting for these factors and numbers of screening episodes, the relative risk of a low grade cytological abnormality compared with a normal test was 14% (95% confidence interval 5–24%) higher, and the relative risk of a high grade cytological abnormality was 61% (95% confidence interval 44–79%) higher, for Aboriginal women. The adjusted odds ratio of a histological high grade was 76% (95% confidence interval 46–113%) higher. Ensuring that screen-detected abnormalities are followed up in a timely way by culturally acceptable services is important for reducing differences in cervical cancer rates between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-08-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13082796
Abstract: The association between the consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) with overweight/obesity in Chinese adults has not been investigated. This study included a cohort of 12,451 adults aged years who participated at least twice in the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) during 1997–2011. Food intake at each survey was assessed using a 3-day 24-h dietary recall. Body weight (kg), height (m), and waist circumference (WC) were measured during the survey. UPF was defined by the NOVA classification. Mixed effect logistic regression analyses were used. The mean UPF consumption of the study population (baseline mean age 43.7 years) increased from 12.0 g in 1997 to 41.5 g in 2011 with the corresponding proportion of UPF in daily diet from 1.0% to 3.6%. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 for those with mean UPF consumption of 1–19 g/d, 20–49 g/d, and ≥50 g/d were 1.45 (1.26–1.65), 1.34 (1.15–1.57), and 1.45 (1.21–1.74), respectively (p-trend = 0.015), compared with the non-consumers. Similarly, the corresponding adjusted ORs (95% CI) for central obesity were 1.54 (1.38–1.72), 1.35 (1.19–1.54), and 1.50 (1.29–1.74). Higher long-term UPF consumption was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity among Chinese adults.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2011
Abstract: Vector surveillance is a cornerstone of dengue management yet there is a ersity of surveillance programs evident internationally. Such ersity is described in this review to enable a broader assessment of dengue vector surveillance methods. This review describes the ersity of surveillance programs for dengue vectors in several endemic and epidemic countries. Furthermore, strengths and weaknesses of vector surveillance methods, including larval surveys, BG-Sentinel trap, and autocidal and sticky ovitraps, are also discussed. The ability to compare and contrast these programs could contribute to the finding of better methods both locally and nationally and facilitate interregional technology transfer. Health authorities in both endemic and epidemic countries alike could benefit from adopting technologies and practices from other regions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CANEP.2018.04.014
Abstract: Cancer survival has improved markedly in Australia for all ages but it is still lower in older patients. We hypothesize that the survival gap by age has increased. Our rationale is that treatment constraints in older people and potentially their limited participation in trials may have limited opportunities for survival gain. Post-diagnostic five-year cancer-specific mortality rates were analysed by age group for cancers recorded on the NSW Cancer Registry. Live cases were censored on December 31st, 2012. Hazards ratios (HRs) were obtained from proportional hazards regression for 1990-99 and 2000-12 diagnostic periods, using 1980-89 as the reference, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, degree of cancer spread, and for all cancers combined, for cancer sites. Five-year mortality reduced by diagnostic period for all cancers collectively from 53% in 1980-89 to 33% in 2000-12, with decreases for separate cancer sites. Adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) were 0.78 (0.77, 0.80) for 1990-99 and 0.61 (0.58, 0.63) for 2000-12 for all cancers combined. The downward trend in HRs was smaller for the 80+ year age group, leading to significantly higher HRs of 0.83 (0.81, 0.87) and 0.73 (0.70, 0.76) for 1990-99 and 2000-12 respectively. Results were similar using competing risk regression and 5-year rather than 10-year age strata. The reduction in cancer mortality was smaller in older people, as seen in the USA. Research is needed to achieve the best trade-offs between cancer control and harm avoidance in older people. Multidisciplinary teams have an important contribution to make.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2021.04.039
Abstract: Evidence regarding associations between potato consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risks is accumulating. This study aims to synthesize the evidence by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched (up to August 2020) to retrieve all eligible studies on the associations of interest. The risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized using random- or fixed-effects model based on heterogeneity. Meta-analyses were performed for East and West regions separately. Dose-response relationship was assessed using data from all intake categories in each study. A total of 19 studies (13 for T2D 6 for GDM) were identified, including 21,357 T2D cases among 323,475 participants and 1516 GDM cases among 29,288 pregnancies. Meta-analysis detected a significantly positive association with T2D risk for total potato (RR: 1.19 [1.06, 1.34]), baked/boiled/mashed potato (RR: 1.08 [1.00, 1.16]), and French fries/fried potato (RR: 1.33 [1.03, 1.70]) intakes among Western populations. Dose-response meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly increased T2D risk by 10% (95% CI: 1.07, 1.14 P for trend<0.001), 2% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.04 P for trend = 0.02) and 34% (95% CI: 1.24, 1.46 P for trend<0.001) for each 80 g/day (serving) increment in total potato, unfried potato, and fried potato intakes, respectively. As for GDM, summarized estimates also suggested a higher though non-significant GDM risk for total potato (RR: 1.19 [0.89, 1.58]), and French fries/fried potato (RR: 1.03 [0.97, 1.09]) intakes in Western countries. In the dose-response meta-analysis, a significantly increased GDM risk was revealed for each daily serving (80 g) intakes of total potato (RR: 1.22 95% CI: 1.06, 1.42 P for trend = 0.007) and unfried potato (RR: 1.26 95% CI: 1.07, 1.48 P for trend = 0.006). This study suggests that higher potato intake is associated with higher T2D risk among Western populations. The positive relationship presents a significant dose-response manner. Wisely controlled potato consumption may confer potential glucometabolic benefits.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.CANEP.2019.101659
Abstract: The principal target age for Australian BreastScreen services was 50-69 years in 1991-2013 and 50-74 years from 2014. History of BreastScreen NSW screening participation of NSW women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005-2014 was examined using linked BreastScreen and Cancer Registry data. Differences in BreastScreen participation were investigated by sociodemographic and tumour characteristics, and diagnostic period, using the Pearson Chi-square test, or Fisher's Exact test when numbers were small, and by multivariate logistic regression. At breast cancer diagnosis, a history of BreastScreen participation varied by age from 23 % for 40-49 years to 68 % for 50-59 years, 72 % for 70-74 years and 78 % for 60-69 years. Among women experiencing breast cancer at age 50-69 years, 60 % had participated in BreastScreen <24 months of diagnosis. Higher odds of BreastScreen participation applied to residents of inner regional and remote compared with major city areas and for women with localized compared with more distant cancer spread. BreastScreen participation was lower in Indigenous than non-Indigenous women. Differences in participation existed by country of birth and residential location, but they were not pronounced. The history of BreastScreen NSW participation of 60 % <24 months for women aged 50-69 years at breast-cancer diagnosis is less than the 70 % target for biennial screening coverage at a population level, but this target has never been reached by an Australian jurisdiction. Qualitative research of screening barriers and opportunities may provide a useful guide for reducing barriers across the population.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: EpiSmart Science Vector Ltd
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-06-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980009005783
Abstract: To document nutritional status and health behaviours of young indigenous women of childbearing age in rural communities in north Queensland. Cross-sectional survey of 424 Aboriginal and 232 Torres Strait Islander (TSI) women aged 15–34 years, conducted in twenty-three rural and remote communities of far north Queensland in 1999–2000, with follow-up of a smaller cohort ( n 132) in 2006–2007. Weight, waist circumference, intake of fruit and vegetables, smoking, alcohol intake, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, γ-glutamyltransferase, red cell folate (RCF), interval weight and waist gain and incidence of diabetes. Forty-one per cent of Aboriginal and 69 % of TSI had central obesity, 62 % were smokers, 71 % drank alcohol regularly and of those, 60 % did so at harmful levels. One third of Aboriginal and 16 % of TSI women had very low RCF levels. In the group followed up, there was a mean annual waist gain of 1·6 cm in Aboriginal women and 1·2 cm in TSI, 0·5 kg/m 2 in BMI and 1·5 kg in weight. Incidence of new type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cohort was 29·1 per 1000 person-years (py) (95 % CI 14·0, 52·8) in Aboriginal women and 13·9 per 1000 py (95 % CI 5·6, 28·5) among TSI. High prevalence and incidence of central obesity and diabetes, poor nutrition, high rates of alcohol use and tobacco smoking together with young maternal age, provide a poor intra-uterine environment for many indigenous Australian babies, and contribute to high perinatal morbidity and future disability. Community level interventions to improve pre-pregnancy nutrition and health behaviours in young women are urgent.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF01560438
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/LIFE12111798
Abstract: We aimed to examine the associations between sleep duration and cognitive functions and memory in older Chinese adults attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey. A total of 7924 participants 55 years and older who reported their sleep duration and had a cognitive screen test in 2004, 2006, and 2015 were included in the analysis. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the associations. A short sleep duration (≤6 h/day) and long sleep duration (≥10 h/day) were positively associated with a low global cognitive score (odds ratio—OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.50 OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.17–1.79, respectively). Both short sleepers and long sleepers had an increased risk of self-reported poor memory (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39–1.91 OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25–1.74, respectively). No differences in the above associations were found for income, education, and urbanity. In conclusion, both the short and long sleep duration were associated with declined cognition and memory. Maintaining a normal sleep duration may aid in the prevention of cognitive function decline in older adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2007
Abstract: To identify personal and environmental factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesity in Xi'an city, China. A total of 1804 adolescents from 30 junior high schools in six districts in Xi'an City. Community, school, household and in idual characteristics were self reported by parents, school doctors and students. Factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesity were identified using a hierarchical logistic regression. In all adolescents, after adjustment for age and gender, factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity were: living in urban districts (odds ratio (OR): 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7-6.0) limited use of school sports facilities (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) wealthy households (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) parental restrictions on purchasing snacks (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.03-2.0) having an overweight/obese parent (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5) having soft drinks more than four times per week (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.02-2.5) and not fussy about foods (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2). Eating sweets was negatively associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). Separate gender analyses revealed that in boys, low physical activity (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8) and higher energy intake (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9) were also associated with overweight/obesity. In girls, less school sports meetings (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-4.0) parental decisions about eating fast foods (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9) and availability of home video games (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5) were also significant. Preventive strategies for adolescent overweight and obesity in Xi'an should address the community and school environments to reinforce behavioral change. Gender differences also need to be considered when planning interventions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12885-020-07600-Y
Abstract: Follow-up after curative surgery is increasingly recognized as an important component of breast cancer care. Although current guideline regulates the follow-ups, there are no relevant studies on the adherence to it in China. This study investigated the post-surgery follow-up and explored its association with patients, tumor and treatment characteristics. A total of 711 patients underwent surgical treatment in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from March 2012 to May 2018 were included in this study. Baseline sociodemographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics were obtained from the hospital electronic medical records. The post-surgery follow-up was reviewed and assessed from the patient’s follow-up examination record. Factors associated with the first three-year follow up was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The annual follow-up rate after surgery decreased gradually from 67.1% at the 1st year, 60.2% at the 3rd year to 51.9% at the 4th year, and 43.5% at the 5th year. Loss of follow-up during the first 3 years after surgery was significantly associated with older age ( 65 years), lower medical insurance coverage, axillary lymph node dissection, and less intensity of systemic treatment. A significant downtrend of annual follow-up rate for breast cancer survivors was confirmed in this study. Loss of follow-up within the first 3 years after surgery was associated with both patient’s characteristics and treatment. These results will provide evidence to help clinicians to develop tailored patient management after curative surgery.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQY270
Abstract: Existing studies suggest that dietary vitamins and carotenoids might be associated with a reduced risk of age-related cataract (ARC), although a quantitative summary of these associations is lacking. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and ARC risk. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to June 2018. The adjusted RRs and corresponding 95% CIs for the associations of interest in each study were extracted to calculate pooled estimates. Dose-response relations were assessed with the use of generalized least-squares trend estimation. We included 8 RCTs and 12 cohort studies in the meta-analysis. Most vitamins and carotenoids were significantly associated with reduced risk of ARC in the cohort studies, including vitamin A (RR: 0.81 95% CI: 0.71, 0.92 P = 0.001), vitamin C (RR: 0.80 95% CI: 0.72, 0.88 P < 0.001), vitamin E (RR: 0.90 95% CI: 0.80, 1.00 P = 0.049), β-carotene (RR: 0.90 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99 P = 0.023), and lutein or zeaxanthin (RR: 0.81 95% CI: 0.75, 0.89 P < 0.001). In RCTs, vitamin E (RR: 0.97 95% CI: 0.91, 1.03 P = 0.262) or β-carotene (RR: 0.99 95% CI: 0.92, 1.07 P = 0.820) intervention did not reduce the risk of ARC significantly compared with the placebo group. Further dose-response analysis indicated that in cohort studies the risk of ARC significantly decreased by 26% for every 10-mg/d increase in lutein or zeaxanthin intake (RR: 0.74 95% CI: 0.67, 0.80 P < 0.001), by 18% for each 500-mg/d increase in vitamin C intake (RR: 0.82 95% CI: 0.74, 0.91 P < 0.001), by 8% for each 5-mg/d increase in β-carotene intake (RR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96 P < 0.001), and by 6% for every 5 mg/d increase in vitamin A intake (RR: 0.94 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98 P < 0.001). Higher consumption of certain vitamins and carotenoids was associated with a significant decreased risk of ARC in cohort studies, but evidence from RCTs is less clear.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-021-06354-Y
Abstract: To assess the status of returning to work (RTW) following breast cancer treatment and to explore its associated factors among female patients. Four-hundred-forty-two eligible patients admitted in a tertiary hospital since 2012 were followed up in 2018. Information about working status after treatment, date of RTW or reason for not RTW was obtained during a 30-min interview. Patients’ sociodemographic, disease, and treatment characteristics were retrieved from the hospital record. Overall prevalence rate and probability of RTW during the follow-up were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. Factors associated with RTW were identified using regression analyses. Three-hundred-ninety-six patients (89.6%) completed the follow-up. The median follow-up was 31 months. Among them, 141 patents (35.6%) RTW of whom 68.1% (n = 96) were back within 12 months after cancer treatment. The reported reasons for not RTW included: prolonged fatigue, low self-esteem, lack of support from family and working unit, or voluntarily quitting. Patients aged under 50 years, being single, having higher level of education, not having extensive axillary node procedure, or without any comorbidities were more likely to RTW. The rate of RTW after cancer treatment in this cohort was lower than those reported in others. Both personal and treatment factors were associated with RTW.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF01570793
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13451
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Date: 16-11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2016.12.008
Abstract: To document risk factors of all-cause mortality in a cohort of indigenous Australians from 23 communities of North Queensland during 1998-2006. Among 2787 indigenous adults, baseline weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipids, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urine albumin creatinine ratio, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were measured in 1998-2000. Deaths were ascertained from State Registry of Deaths, hospitalization and clinical records till 2006. Mortality risk factors were assessed using a Cox proportional-hazards model. The standardized all-cause mortality rate was 23.2/1000 person-years (95% CI 20.3-26.3/1000 pys). After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, baseline plasm fasting glucose >=5.5mmol/L was associated with a 50% increased risk of death (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.0). Albuminuria was associated with all-cause mortality with a hazards ratio of 1.4 for microalbuminuria (95% CI 1.0-1.9) and 2.6 (95% CI 1.8-3.7) for macroalbuminuria. Gamma-glutamyl transferase >=50IU was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 40% (95% CI 1.04-1.8). Fasting glycaemia, albuminuria, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, may be a marker for all-cause mortality within this cohort.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10549-021-06170-2
Abstract: Reducing variations in cancer treatment and survival is a key aim of the NSW Cancer Plan. Variations in breast cancer treatment and survival in NSW by remoteness and socioeconomic status of residence were investigated to determine benchmarks. Reducing variations in cancer treatment and survival is a key aim of the NSW Cancer Plan. Variations in breast cancer treatment and survival in NSW by remoteness and socioeconomic status of residence were investigated to determine benchmarks. A retrospective cohort study used linked data for invasive breast cancers, diagnosed in May 2002 to December 2015 from the NSW Cancer Registry, with corresponding inpatient, and medical and pharmaceutical insurance data. Associations between treatment modalities, area socioeconomic status and residential remoteness were explored using logistic regression. Predictors of breast cancer survival were investigated using Kaplan–Meier product-limit estimates and multivariate competing risk regression. Results indicated a high 5-year disease-specific survival in NSW of 90%. Crude survival was equivalent by residential remoteness and marginally lower in lower socioeconomic areas. Competing risk regression showed equivalent outcomes by area socioeconomic status, except for the least disadvantaged quintile, which showed a higher survival. Higher sub-hazard ratios for death occurred for women with breast cancer aged 70 + years, and more advanced stage. Adjusted analyses indicated more advanced stage in lower socioeconomic areas, with less breast reconstruction and radiotherapy, and marginally less hormone therapy for women from these areas. Conversely, among these women who had breast conserving surgery, there was higher use of chemotherapy. Remoteness of residence was associated in adjusted analyses with less radiotherapy and less immediate breast reconstruction. In these short term data, remoteness of residence was not associated with lower survival. This study provides benchmarks for monitoring future variations in treatment and survival.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14245345
Abstract: The association between intakes of riboflavin and mortality has not been examined intensively in general populations. In this study, 10,480 adults in the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were followed-up until 2019 for their vital status. Riboflavin and folate were assessed by two-day 24 h recall. The date and cause of death were obtained from the US Mortality Registry. The risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were investigated using a Cox regression analysis. During a mean of 8.5 years follow-up, there were 1214 deaths registered (including 373 deaths from CVD and 302 from cancer). Compared to low level (quartile 1, Q1) of riboflavin intake, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for high level (quartile 4, Q4) were 0.53 (0.31–0.90) for CVD mortality and 0.62 (0.48–0.81) for all-cause mortality. The inverse association between riboflavin intake and CVD mortality was only significant among those with a high intake of folate (p for interaction 0.045). Those with a high folate intake (Q4) and low intake of riboflavin (Q1) had the highest risk of CVD mortality (HR 4.38, 95% CI 1.79–10.72), as compared with a high intake of both riboflavin and folate. In conclusion, riboflavin intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality, and the association was modified by folate intake.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 30-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13539
Abstract: To examine the screening-treatment-mortality pathway among women with invasive breast cancer in 2006-2014 using linked data. BreastScreen histories of South Australian women diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 8453) were investigated. Treatments recorded within 12 months from diagnosis were obtained from linked registry and administrative data. Associations of screening history with treatment were investigated using logistic regression and with cancer mortality outcomes using competing risk analyses, adjusting for socio-demographic, cancer and comorbidity characteristics. For screening ages of 50-69 years, 70% had participated in BreastScreen SA ≤ 5 years and 53% ≤ 2 years of diagnosis. Five-year disease-specific survival post-diagnosis was 90%. Compared with those not screened ≤5 years, women screened ≤2 years had higher odds, adjusted for socio-demographic, cancer and comorbidity characteristics, and diagnostic period, of breast-conserving surgery (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.2) and radiotherapy (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3). These women had a lower unadjusted risk of post-diagnostic cancer mortality (SHR 0.33, 95% CI 0.27-0.41), partly mediated by stage (aSHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.81), and less breast surgery (aSHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.99). Screening ≤2 years and conserving surgery appeared to have a greater than additive association with lower post-diagnostic mortality (interaction term SHR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.78). The screening-treatment-mortality pathway was investigated using linked data.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 09-02-2023
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8600327
Abstract: Objective. To investigate age differences in treatment and survival from acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods. 1053 ALL/566 AML patients diagnosed in 2003–2015 on the New South Wales Cancer Registry were included. Treatment within 12 months from diagnosis was assessed using linked registry, hospital, and health-insurance data. Differences by age at diagnosis in treatment and survival were investigated using socio-demographically adjusted regression analyses, with adolescents and young adults (AYA, 15–24 years) as the reference category. Results. Children were less likely than AYA to start ALL treatment days from diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27–0.57)) and to have multiple treatment types (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14–0.34). For AML, aOR of treatment start days was 0.16 (95% CI 0.09–0.29) for children compared with AYA, with no age differences in treatment types. Five-year disease-specific survival for ALL was 84%. Children were less likely than AYA to die from ALL (adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR 0.32, 95% CI 0.22–0.50)). For AML, the corresponding survival was 73% without an age difference. Children having multiple treatment types for ALL had an increased risk of mortality at aSHR 2.67 (95% CI 1.53–4.67), but not adults at 1.26 (95% CI 0.67–2.47) (interaction p = 0.017). Time from diagnosis to initial treatment start and initial treatment type were not associated with mortality outcomes after adjusting for socio-demographic variables. Conclusion. Children with ALL had better survival. ALL Mortality were negatively associated with multiple treatment types.
Publisher: Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO Press)
Date: 18-04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9111218
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1080/17477160500538046
Abstract: To assess the magnitude of overweight and obesity, and its associated socio-demographic factors in adolescents in Xi'an city, China. A total of 1804 adolescents attending junior high schools in Xi'an City (age: 11-17 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index using IOTF cut-offs defined overweight and obesity. Socio-demographic information was collected from the parents of the survey participants using self-administered, structured and pre-coded questionnaires. Overall, 16.3% of adolescents were overweight or obese, but there was a marked gender difference in the prevalence with 19.4% (95% CI: 15.6% - 23.7%) of boys versus 13.2% (95% CI: 10.0% - 16.4%) ofthe girls being overweight or obese. In a multivariate model, age, residence, household wealth, and parents' body mass index were significantly associated with being overweight/obese (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, the odds of an adolescent being overweight or obese was 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.8 - 4.0) higher in urban areas compared to rural areas and 1.6 times (95% CI: 1.04 - 2.5) higher for adolescents from rich compared to poor families. An adolescent with one or both parents being overweight was 1.8 times (95% CI: 1.3 - 2.5) more likely to be overweight themselves compared to those with normal weight parents. 1) Overweight and obesity is a major public health problem in adolescents in Xi'an City and is likely to increase rapidly in the near future 2) Overweight and obesity is more prevalent in younger boys from richer families living in urban districts and whose parents were either overweight or obese.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11051183
Abstract: We aimed to examine the association between chili intake and cognitive function in Chinese adults. This is a longitudinal study of 4852 adults (age 63.4 ± 7.7) attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 1991 and 2006. Cognitive function was assessed in 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006. In total, 3302 completed cognitive screening tests in at least two surveys. Chili intake was assessed by a 3-day food record during home visits in each survey between 1991 and 2006. Multivariable mixed linear regression and logistic regression were used. Chili intake was inversely related to cognitive function. In fully adjusted models, including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with non-consumers, those whose cumulative average chili intake above 50 g/day had the regression coefficients (and 95% CI) for global cognitive function of −1.13 (−1.71–0.54). Compared with non-consumers, those with chili consumption above 50 g/day had the odds ratio (and 95% CI) of 2.12(1.63–2.77), 1.56(1.23–1.97) for self-reported poor memory and self-reported memory decline, respectively. The positive association between chili intake and cognitive decline was stronger among those with low BMI than those with high BMI. The longitudinal data indicate that higher chili intake is positively associated with cognitive decline in Chinese adults in both genders.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2010
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2012.06.015
Abstract: Recent research suggests that patterns or clusters of time use may affect health in ways that cannot be explained by the effect of in idual behaviors alone. The aim of this research was to systematically review the literature examining adolescent time use clusters and associated correlates. Systematic searches of six online databases for relevant observational studies were conducted. At least two authors reviewed abstract and full text selection meeting eligibility criteria. Included studies were quality scored, had data extracted, and cluster types and cluster associations interpreted. Nineteen studies were identified for inclusion, and 18 of them investigated cluster-correlate associations. Twenty-nine cluster types were identified, characterized by both in idual (e.g., church) and co-occurring behaviors (e.g., physical activity and screen [technoactive]). Nineteen correlate categories were identified (e.g., socioeconomic and weight status). Consistent patterns of cluster-correlate association were found. For ex le, the technoactive cluster type is more likely to be male and to have low school orientation. Despite the between-study differences, consistent cluster and cluster-correlate patterns were still evident. Cluster analysis of adolescent time use behaviors appears to be an emerging and useful classification technique, one which may have implications for targeted health-related interventions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1990
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-52136/V1
Abstract: Background: We investigated treatment and survival by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in South Australia for service evaluation using linked data. Method: Data on invasive female breast cancers (n=13494) from the South Australian Cancer Registry (2000-2014 diagnoses) were linked to hospital inpatient, radiotherapy, and universal health insurance data. Treatments 12 months from diagnosis and survival were analysed, using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) from logistic regression, and adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) from competing risk regression. Results: Five-year disease-specific survival increased to 91% for 2010-2014. Survival was lower for: ages 70+ years, and lowest for 80+ years (aSHR 2.04, 95%CI 1.69-2.47), compared with ages years and in the presence of comorbidity (aSHR 2.00, 95%CI 1.06-3.78), higher TNM stage and higher grade. Differences in aSHRs were not found by birth country or residential remoteness, but survival was higher in the least disadvantaged areas (aSHR 0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.92). Most women had breast surgery (90%) (breast conserving surgery (56%), mastectomy (26%), and both surgery types (9%)), systemic therapy (72%) and radiotherapy (60%). Less treatment applied for ages 80+ vs years (aOR 0.10, 95%CI 0.05-0.20) and TNM stage IV vs stage I (aOR 0.13, 95%CI 0.08-0.22). Surgical treatment increased during the study period. More women from least disadvantaged areas had systemic therapy (aOR 1.43, 95%CI 1.26-1.63). Radiotherapy was less common in outer regional/remote residents compared with major city residents (aOR 0.88, 95%CI 0.78-0.99). Conclusions: High survival from breast cancer in South Australia was comparable to the Australia-wide rate and did not differ by residential remoteness and country of birth. Surgical treatment within 12 months after cancer diagnosis increased during the study period and strongly predicted higher survival. Patients aged 70+ years had lower survival and less treatment, and more trial evidence is needed to optimize trade-offs between benefits and harms in this older age range. Systemic therapy was less for residents from most disadvantaged areas, while radiotherapy was less for residents of outer regional and remote areas.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2010.01.016
Abstract: To estimate weight change over 6 years among Indigenous Australian adults and the association with incident diabetes in north Queensland. Baseline anthropometric measurements, behavioural factors, and blood s les were collected from 1674 Indigenous adults during 1999-2000 in 19 rural communities in north Queensland. Follow-up of 487 participants occurred during 2004-2007. Weight change was compared by age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and behavioural factors. The association between weight change and diabetes incidence stratified by baseline BMI was studied using Cox's Proportional Hazard Model. Significantly more weight was gained among younger participants (absolute interval weight gain: 12.5 kg among 15-24 year olds, 5.1 kg in 25-34 year olds, 3.4 kg in 35-44 year olds, and 1.0 kg in those over 45 years), and by those whose BMI was normal at baseline. Women were more likely than men to have substantial weight gain (43.3 vs 25.1%). Weight change was not associated with diabetes incidence but baseline obesity tripled the risk of developing diabetes (HR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.6-6.1). Indigenous Australian adults studied here showed very high levels of weight gain over a short period. Interventions aimed at maintaining healthy weight, particularly among young Indigenous people are needed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/IJC.31403
Abstract: Indigenous Australians generally have a poor health status and an elevated cancer mortality that has increased in recent decades. A cohort of 2,273 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (TSI) adults (18+ years) from 26 remote communities in far North Queensland, who were initially free of cancer, were followed-up for an average of 15 years. The associations of baseline anthropometric, biochemical and behavioural factors with cancer incidence were investigated using competing risk survival analysis. The age-standardised incidence (all cancers) was 5.2 cases/1,000 person-years (pys) (95% CI 4.1-6.6). Liver/bile duct and lung were the most common cancer sites. Overall cancer incidence was significantly higher in TSIs than Aboriginal people. The baseline prevalence of diabetes was 15.6% in Aboriginal and 25.6% in TSI people. The smoking rate of 59.8% for Aboriginal people was higher than the rate of 45.2% for TSIs. At follow-up, the adjusted sub hazard ratios (SHRs) of diabetes for all cancers combined were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3-2.6), and for digestive system cancers, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-4.4). Smokers had a 60% higher risk (SHR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) for all cancers combined and a fourfold risk (SHR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.0) for lung cancers when compared to non-smokers, regardless of age, sex and ethnicity. The most common cancers encountered by this Indigenous cohort and their consequences are potentially preventable in Indigenous Australians by effective management of highly prevalent modifiable risks in primary service settings, screening participation and arranging for good access to treatment services.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-06-2022
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520003955
Abstract: The association between egg consumption and diabetes is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association between long-term egg consumption and its trajectory with diabetes in Chinese adults. A total of 8545 adults aged ≥18 years old who attended the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2009 were included in this analysis. Egg consumption at each survey was assessed by a 3-d 24-h recall and weighed food record methods. The consumption trajectories of eggs were modelled with the latent class group approach. Diabetes was diagnosed based on fasting blood glucose in 2009. Logistic regression was used to examine the association. The mean age of the study population was 50·9 ( sd 15·1) years. About 11·1 % had diabetes in 2009. Egg consumption nearly doubled in 2009 from 16 g/d in 1991. Compared with the first quartile of egg consumption (0–9·0 g/d), the adjusted OR of diabetes for the second (9·1–20·6 g/d), third (20·7–37·5 g/d) and fourth (≥37·6 g/d) quartiles were 1·29 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·62), 1·37 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·72) and 1·25 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·64), respectively ( P for trend = 0·029). Three trajectory groups of egg consumption were identified. Compared with group 1 (30·7 %, low baseline intake and slight increase), both group 2 (62·2 %, medium baseline intake and increase) and group 3 (7·1 %, high baseline intake and decrease) were associated with an increased OR for diabetes. The results suggested that higher egg consumption was positively associated with the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-90388-Z
Abstract: Controversial results have been reported about the association of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus and stroke risk, but none in China. To investigate the association between dietary calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and stroke incidence in Chinese adults, we collected data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2004 to 2011, including 6411 participants aged 45–79 years and free of stroke at baseline. Diet was assessed by interviews combining 3-d 24-h food recalls and household food inventory weighing at each survey round. The stroke incident was identified based on the validated self-report. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For 32,024 person-years of follow-up, 179 stroke cases were documented. After adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors, calcium intake was positively associated with reduced stroke risk, and the HR of stroke comparing extreme quartiles was 0.53 (95% CI 0.29–0.96, P trend = 0.03). In further stratified analyses, significant heterogeneity across sex strata was found ( P interaction = 0.03). Dietary calcium intake among men was more inversely related to stroke, with HRs being 0.33 (95% CI 0.15–0.76, P trend = 0.02), compared to 1.24 (95% CI 0.46–3.35, P trend = 0.89) among women. However, no significant association between stroke and magnesium or phosphorus was revealed. Our findings suggest that higher dietary calcium intake was associated with a lower risk of stroke in Chinese adults, particularly in men.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01555995
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-018-1122-5
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the association of nut intake with cognitive function in Chinese adults aged 55 and over. This was a prospective open cohort study with repeated measurements of diet and cognition scores. Participants/settings: 4822 adults aged 55 and over participating in the China Health Nutrition Survey during 1991-2006. Global cognitive function measured repeatedly in 1997, 2001, 2004, and 2006 using a subset of modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status poor cognitive function was defined as cognition score<7. Nut consumption was collected using 3-day 24 recall method in 1991, 1993, and at surveys of cognition assessment. Multilevel mixed effect linear regression and logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess the association with cognitive function. The unadjusted cognitive score decreased by 0.29 (95% CI 0.22-0.28) with one-year aging during 1997-2006. Nut intake of more than 10g/d was associated with higher cognition score by 0.63 points (95% CI 0.15-1.12) or 40% less likely to have poor cognitive function (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.84) after adjusted for demographic, lifestyle behavioural, BMI, and energy intake. Nut consumption was inversely associated with cognition decline.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14204241
Abstract: Aims: We aimed to assess the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods: This study included 12,849 eligible adults aged 20 years and over attending at least two surveys in the China Nutrition and Health Survey during 1997–2011. Food intake at each survey was assessed by a 3-day 24-h dietary recall method. UPF was defined based on the NOVA classification. Diabetes was obtained from questionnaires and/or ascertained by fasting blood tests. The association of diabetes with UPF was examined using mix effect logistic regression adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.3 (SD 14.8) years. The age and gender adjusted mean UPF intake increased four times and the prevalence of diabetes increased eight times in 1997–2011. Compared with non-consumers, the odds ratios (95% CI) of diabetes for those with mean UPF consumption of 1–19 g/day, 20–49 g/day, and ≥50 g/day were 1.21 (0.98, 1.48), 1.49 (1.19, 1.86), and 1.40 (1.08, 1.80), respectively (p trend 0.001) after adjusted for the measured covariates including lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity), BMI and hypertension. Conclusions: both UPF consumption and prevalence of diabetes increased among adults in China during 1997–2011. Higher UPF consumption was positively associated with diabetes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQY254
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-2022
No related grants have been discovered for Ming Li.