ARDC Research Link Australia

Publication

Social cognitive correlates of young adult sport competitors' sunscreen use

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 08-11-2011

DOI: 10.1177/1090198110367996

Abstract: Young adults participating in outdoor sports represent a high-risk group for excessive sun exposure. The purpose of this study was to identify modifiable social cognitive correlates of sunscreen use among young adult competitors. Participants aged 18 to 30 years who competed in soccer ( n = 65), surf-lifesaving ( n = 63), hockey ( n = 61), and tennis ( n = 48) completed a sun habits survey. Almost half ( n = 113) of the participants used sunscreen inadequately and 30% ( n = 70) reported not using sunscreen. In fully adjusted models, social cognitive attributes significantly ( p .05) associated with inadequate sunscreen use (vs. nonuse) included skin cancer risk perceptions (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3, 1.0), perceived barriers to sunscreen use (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3, 0.9), and stronger personal norms for applying sunscreen (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 3.2). These findings provide insight into the attributes that enable or inhibit the use of sunscreen among young competitors and as a result may be useful in informing behavior change interventions within the sporting context.

Publication

New Techniques and Issues in Assessing Walking Behavior and Its Contexts

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 07-2008

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E31817C71E7

Publication

Physical activity, activity change, and their correlates in a population-based sample of colorectal cancer survivors

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 06-2007

DOI: 10.1007/BF02872668

Publication

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 1992

DOI: 10.1111/J.1559-1816.1992.TB01521.X

Publication

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 25-09-2009

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0007135

Publication

The Implications of Genetic Susceptibility for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Older Adults’ Understanding

Publisher: S. Karger AG

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1159/000121399

Abstract: i Objective: /i To assess whether public understandings of inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer may undermine preparedness to respond to preventive messages. i Methods: /i Structured in-depth interviews with 31 women and men, aged 50 years and over. i Results: /i Most participants viewed genetic factors as prompts for taking preventive measures rather than as reasons for fatalism and inaction. They were optimistic about the potential benefits of new developments in cancer prevention and treatment. i Conclusions: /i There was little evidence of perceived genetic determinism in relation to colorectal cancer, but there were some significant misunderstandings about causes, prevention and treatment. These findings have important implications for public health communications about the contribution of genetics to cancer causation.

Publication

Associations between perceived neighborhood environmental attributes and adults’ sedentary behavior: Findings from the USA, Australia and Belgium

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2012.01.018

Publication

Television Viewing Time is Associated With Overweight/Obesity Among Older Adults, Independent of Meeting Physical Activity and Health GuidelinesReply to Stabler and Colleagues

Publisher: Japan Epidemiological Association

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.2188/JEA.JE20130079

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 03-12-2008

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2008.055269

Publication

Neighborhood Walkability and Sedentary Time in Belgian Adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2010.03.004

Abstract: Sedentary behavior (too much sitting) has deleterious health consequences that are distinct from lack of physical activity (too little exercise). This study aimed to examine the associations of neighborhood walkability and sociodemographic factors with adults' self-reported and objectively assessed sedentary time. This Belgian cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2007 and September 2008. Twenty-four neighborhoods were stratified on GIS-based walkability and neighborhood SES. In all, 1200 adults (aged 20-65 years 50 per neighborhood 42.7 [SD=12.6] years 47.9% men) completed a sociodemographic survey and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. They also wore an accelerometer for 7 days: Sedentary time was identified as accelerometer counts of less than 100 per minute. Statistical analyses were performed in 2009, using multilevel regression models, adjusted for physical activity levels and in idual SES. Residents of high-walkable neighborhoods reported more sitting time than those of low-walkable neighborhoods (439.8 vs 403.4 minutes/day of daily sitting time, p<0.05). Living in high-walkable versus low-walkable neighborhoods was also associated with 2.9% more accelerometer-measured overall sedentary time (p<0.001). Being male, younger, unemployed, more highly educated, having a white-collar job (analysis for employed adults only), and living without children were all significantly associated with more sitting time. Contrary to expectations, living in a high-walkable neighborhood was associated with higher levels of sedentary time. If future studies in other contexts confirm these associations, environmental and policy innovations aiming to promote physical activity may need to address the potential negative health impact of sedentary behavior.

Publication

Adults' Sedentary Behavior

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2011.05.013

Abstract: Research is now required on factors influencing adults' sedentary behaviors, and effective approaches to behavioral-change intervention must be identified. The strategies for influencing sedentary behavior will need to be informed by evidence on the most important modifiable behavioral determinants. However, much of the available evidence relevant to understanding the determinants of sedentary behaviors is from cross-sectional studies, which are limited in that they identify only behavioral "correlates." As is the case for physical activity, a behavior- and context-specific approach is needed to understand the multiple determinants operating in the different settings within which these behaviors are most prevalent. To this end, an ecologic model of sedentary behaviors is described, highlighting the behavior settings construct. The behaviors and contexts of primary concern are TV viewing and other screen-focused behaviors in domestic environments, prolonged sitting in the workplace, and time spent sitting in automobiles. Research is needed to clarify the multiple levels of determinants of prolonged sitting time, which are likely to operate in distinct ways in these different contexts. Controlled trials on the feasibility and efficacy of interventions to reduce and break up sedentary behaviors among adults in domestic, workplace, and transportation environments are particularly required. It would be informative for the field to have evidence on the outcomes of "natural experiments," such as the introduction of nonseated working options in occupational environments or new transportation infrastructure in communities.

Publication

Measurement and prediction of energy expenditure in males during household and garden tasks

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-09-2004

DOI: 10.1007/S00421-003-0932-1

Abstract: Participation in at least 30 min of moderate intensity activity on most days is assumed to confer health benefits. This study accordingly determined whether the more vigorous household and garden tasks (sweeping, window cleaning, vacuuming and lawn mowing) are performed by middle-aged men at a moderate intensity of 3-6 metabolic equivalents (METs) in the laboratory and at home. Measured energy expenditure during self-perceived moderate-paced walking was used as a marker of exercise intensity. Energy expenditure was also predicted via indirect methods. Thirty-six males [ X (SD): 40.0 (3.3) years 179.5 (6.9) cm 83.4 (14.0) kg] were measured for resting metabolic rate (RMR) and oxygen consumption ( VO(2)) during the five activities using the Douglas bag method. Heart rate, respiratory frequency, CSA (Computer Science Applications) movement counts, Borg scale ratings of perceived exertion and Quetelet's index were also recorded as potential predictors of exercise intensity. Except for vacuuming in the laboratory, which was not significantly different from 3.0 METs ( P=0.98), the MET means in the laboratory and home were all significantly greater than 3.0 ( P</=0.006). The sweeping and vacuuming MET means were significantly higher ( P<0.001) at home than in the laboratory, whereas the converse applied for window cleaning and lawn mowing. Measured RMR was significantly lower ( P<0.001) than the 1-MET constant. Estimating METs by fitting random intercept regression models to the data resulted in standard deviations for the "leave-one-out" prediction errors (predicted-measured) of 0.4 and 0.5 METs for the laboratory and home equations, respectively. While the means indicate that all the activities were performed at a moderate intensity, there was great inter-in idual variability in energy expenditure. The laboratory and home-based equations predicted with correct classification rates of 89% and 88%, respectively, whether energy expenditure was /=3.0 METs.

Publication

Joint Impact of Physical Activity and Family History on the Development of Diabetes Among Urban Adults in Mainland China

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 24-04-2012

DOI: 10.1177/1010539512443700

Abstract: To examine the joint influences of physical activity (PA) and family history (FH) of diabetes on subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D), the authors pooled and analyzed data from 2 community-based urban adult prospective cohort studies in 2011 in Nanjing, China. Among 4550 urban participants, the 3-year cumulative incidence of T2D was 5.1%. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with those with FH+ and insufficient PA, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing T2D was 0.42 (0.18, 0.98) for participants with sufficient PA and FH+, 0.32 (0.22, 0.46) for participants with insufficient PA and FH−, and 0.15 (0.08, 0.28) for participants with sufficient PA and FH−. Such significant graduated associations between PA/FH and risk of developing T2D were also identified in either men or women, separately. Sufficient PA and FH− may jointly reduce the risk of developing T2D in urban Chinese adults.

Publication

Behavioral intervention studies and behavioral epidemiology research to improve smoking-cessation strategies

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1989

DOI: 10.1093/HER/4.1.145

Publication

Joint associations of poor diet quality and prolonged television viewing time with abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian men and women

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.06.023

Abstract: To examine the independent and joint associations of diet quality and television viewing time with abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in men and women. Cross-sectional data from 5346 women and 4344 men from the 1999 to 2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study were examined. Diet quality scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire and categorised into tertiles (high moderate low). Television viewing time was dichotomised into low (≤ 14 h/week) and high (>14 h/week). AGM was defined as impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, known or newly diagnosed diabetes based on an oral glucose tolerance test. Regression analyses were adjusted for confounding variables. Diet quality and television viewing time were significantly associated with AGM in women, independent of waist circumference. Compared to women with high diet quality/low television viewing time, women with low diet quality/low television viewing time and women with low diet quality/high television viewing time were significantly more likely to have AGM. Associations were not observed in men. Both poor diet quality and prolonged television viewing should be addressed to reduce risk of AGM in women. Further understanding of modifiable risk factors in men is warranted.

Publication

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 1992

DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.11.6.413

Publication

Physical activity and sedentary behaviours among rural adults in suixi, china: A cross-sectional study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-37

Publication

International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index and obesity: IPEN adult study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-07-2014

DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2014.115

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0309-Y

Publication

Print versus website physical activity programs: A randomized trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2003

DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00111-9

Abstract: Mediated physical activity interventions can reach large numbers of people at low cost. Programs delivered through the mail that target the stage of motivational readiness have been shown to increase activity. Communication technology (websites and e-mail) might provide a means for delivering similar programs. Randomized trial conducted between August and October 2001. Participants included staff at an Australian university (n=655 mean age=43, standard deviation, 10 years). Participants were randomized to either an 8-week, stage-targeted print program (Print) or 8-week, stage-targeted website (Web) program. The main outcome was change in self-reported physical activity. There was no significant increase in total reported physical activity within or between groups when analyzed by intention to treat (F [1,653]=0.41, p=0.52). There was a significant increase in total physical activity reported by the Print participants who were inactive at baseline (t [1,173]=-2.21, p=0.04), and a significant decrease in the average time spent sitting on a weekday in the Web group (t [1,326]=2.2, p=0.03). There were no differences between the Print and Web program effects on reported physical activity. The Print group demonstrated slightly larger effects and a higher level of recognition of program materials.

Publication

Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces resting blood pressure in overweight/obese adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2014.04.011

Abstract: To compare the effect of 7 h of prolonged sitting on resting blood pressure with a similar duration of sitting combined with intermittent brief bouts of light-intensity or moderate-intensity physical activity. Overweight/obese adults (n = 19 aged 45-65 years) were recruited for a randomized three-treatment crossover trial with a one-week washout between treatments: 1) uninterrupted sitting 2) sitting with 2 min bouts of light-intensity walking at 3.2 km/h every 20 min and, 3) sitting with 2 min bouts of moderate-intensity walking at between 5.8 and 6.4 km/h every 20 min. After an initial 2 h period seated, participants consumed a test meal (75 g carbohydrate, 50 g fat) and completed each condition over the next 5 h. Resting blood pressure was assessed oscillometrically every hour as a single measurement, 5 min prior to each activity bout. GEE models were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, fasting blood pressure and treatment order. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, breaking up prolonged sitting with light and moderate-intensity activity breaks was associated with lower systolic blood pressure [light: 120 ± 1 mmHg (estimated marginal mean ± SEM), P = 0.002 moderate: 121 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.02], compared to uninterrupted sitting (123 ± 1 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure was also significantly lower during both of the activity conditions (light: 76 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.006 moderate: 77 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.03) compared to uninterrupted sitting (79 ± 1 mmHg). No significant between-condition differences were observed in mean arterial pressure or heart rate. Regularly breaking up prolonged sitting may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ACTRN12609000656235 (www.anzctr.org.au) TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: August 4th 2009.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 09-2005

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2005.018366

Publication

Explaining socio-economic status differences in walking for transport: An ecological analysis of individual, social and environmental factors

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2009.01.008

Abstract: The identification of potential mechanisms of influence (mediators) of socio-economic status (SES) on walking for transport is important, because the likely opposing forces of influence may obscure pathways for intervention across different SES groups. This study examined in idual, and perceived social and physical environmental mediators of the relations of in idual- and area-level SES with walking for transport. Two mailed surveys, six months apart, collected data on transport-related walking and its hypothesized in idual, social and environmental correlates. The s le consisted of 2194 English-speaking adults (aged 20-65) living in 154 Census Collection Districts (CCDs) of Adelaide, Australia. In idual-level SES was assessed using data on self-reported educational attainment, household income, and household size. Area-level SES was assessed using census data on median household income and household size for each selected CCD. Bootstrap generalized linear models examined associations between SES, potential mediators, and total weekly minutes and frequency of walking for transport. The product-of-coefficient test was used to assess mediating effects. In idual, social-environmental, and physical environmental factors significantly contributed to the explanation of the relations between SES and transport-related walking frequency. Educational attainment and area- and in idual-level income played independent roles in explaining frequency of walking for transport, through opposing common and distinct pathways. While engagement in leisure-time physical activity was the most influential mediator of the association between educational attainment and frequency of walking for transport, the number of motorized vehicles and perceived levels of environmental aesthetics and greenery were the strongest mediators of the relations of frequency of transport-related walking with in idual- and area-level income, respectively. Environmental interventions aimed at increasing residential density, reducing physical barriers to walking and traffic load, developing social-support networks, and creating greener and more aesthetically pleasing environments in more-disadvantaged areas may help to reduce SES inequalities in participation in physical activity, by facilitating walking for transport.

Publication

Neighborhood Walkability and the Walking Behavior of Australian Adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2007.07.025

Abstract: The physical attributes of residential neighborhoods, particularly the connectedness of streets and the proximity of destinations, can influence walking behaviors. To provide the evidence for public health advocacy on activity-friendly environments, large-scale studies in different countries are needed. Associations of neighborhood physical environments with adults' walking for transport and walking for recreation must be better understood. Walking for transport and walking for recreation were assessed with a validated survey among 2650 adults recruited from neighborhoods in an Australian city between July 2003 and June 2004, with neighborhoods selected to have either high or low walkability, based on objective measures of connectedness and proximity derived from geographic information systems (GIS) databases. The study design was stratified by area-level socioeconomic status, while analyses controlled for participant age, gender, in idual-level socioeconomic status, and reasons for neighborhood self-selection. A strong independent positive association was found between weekly frequency of walking for transport and the objectively derived neighborhood walkability index. Preference for walkable neighborhoods moderated the relationship of walkability with weekly minutes, but not the frequency of walking for transport--walkability was related to higher frequency of transport walking, irrespective of neighborhood self-selection. There were no significant associations between environmental factors and walking for recreation. Associations of neighborhood walkability attributes with walking for transport were confirmed in Australia. They accounted for a modest but statistically significant proportion of the total variation of the relevant walking behavior. The physical environment attributes that make up the walkability index are potentially important candidate factors for future environmental and policy initiatives designed to increase physical activity.

Publication

Spousal concordance and reliability of the 'Prudence Score' as a summary of diet and lifestyle

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 05-05-2022

DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2021.1903787

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2015.09.007

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2001

DOI: 10.1006/PMED.2001.0912

Publication

Walkability of local communities: Using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2005.11.001

Abstract: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to objectively measure features of the built environment that may influence adults' physical activity, which is an important determinant of chronic disease. We describe how a previously developed index of walkability was operationalised in an Australian context, using available spatial data. The index was used to generate a stratified s ling frame for the selection of households from 32 communities for the PLACE (Physical Activity in Localities and Community Environments) study. GIS data have the potential to be used to construct measures of environmental attributes and to develop indices of walkability for cities, regions or local communities.

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 04-2008

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181607421

Publication

Self-reported information on the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was reliable but not necessarily valid

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLINEPI.2007.05.018

Abstract: Self-report is commonly used in epidemiologic studies however, few data exist on the reliability and validity of this method for eliciting information related to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. We examined the test-retest reliability and validity of colorectal cancer patients reporting on the process of their diagnosis. One hundred and sixteen participants completed two telephone interviews, 1 month apart, and 95 general practitioners (GPs) completed a written questionnaire, to elicit information relating to key elements of the process of diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Acute symptoms such as rectal bleeding had higher reliability and validity than more general symptoms. Colonoscopy was the most accurately recalled diagnostic test. Recall of diagnosis date, and date of colonoscopy, had high test-retest reliability. There were considerable differences between dates of diagnostic tests given by participants and GPs, but there was no evidence of a bias in a particular direction. Accuracy of recall did not diminish as time from diagnosis increased. This study confirms that self-reported symptoms, tests, and dates in the colorectal cancer diagnostic pathway are generally reliable however, the validity of reported symptoms and tests can be moderate to poor.

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000528

Publication

Relationships of Sun-Protection Habit Strength with Sunscreen Use During Outdoor Sport and Physical Activity

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 15-03-2012

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH9030916

Publication

The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2012

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-07-2015

DOI: 10.1080/1091367X.2015.1050592

Publication

Relationships of Land Use Mix with Walking for Transport: Do Land Uses and Geographical Scale Matter?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S11524-010-9488-7

Publication

Associations of television viewing time with excess body weight among urban and rural high-school students in regional mainland China

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 09-2008

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007001280

Abstract: To examine the relationship between television (TV) viewing and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents in a region of mainland China. Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted between September and November of 2004, on a s le of enrolled high-school students aged 12–18 years. One hundred and sixty-eight classes randomly selected from both urban and rural areas and belonging to 15 senior and 41 junior high schools in Nanjing, China, with a regional population of 6·0 million. In total 6848 students participated 47·7 % from urban and 52·3 % from rural areas 49·0 % male and 51·0 % female. The response rate among eligible participants was 89·3 %. The proportion of overweight was 6·6 % according to the criteria of overweight recommended for Chinese adolescents. Boys than girls (8·9 % vs. 4·4 %) had higher odds of being overweight (odds ratio (OR) 2·12, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1·74, 2·60), while the proportion of overweight was significantly lower among rural students than urban students (4·5 % vs. 8·9 % OR 0·49, 95 % CI 0·40, 0·60). Those students who watched TV for more than 7 h/week had a 1·5 times greater odds of being overweight relative to their counterparts who watched TV for 7 h/week or less (adjusted OR 1·51, 95 % CI 1·24, 1·82). Furthermore, there was a positive linear relationship between TV viewing time and BMI, even after adjusting for age, gender, residence area, time spent in study, in sleeping and in physical activity, and monthly pocket money. Viewing TV might increase the likelihood of being overweight for Chinese adolescents in China.

Publication

Adverse associations of car time with markers of cardio-metabolic risk

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.11.029

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000520

Publication

Cigarette Smoking is Negatively Associated with Family Average Income Among Urban and Rural Men in Regional Mainland China

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-11-2006

DOI: 10.1007/S11469-006-9043-7

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-05-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0228-Y

Publication

Objective Versus Perceived Walking Distances to Destinations

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 02-08-2007

DOI: 10.1177/0013916507300560

Abstract: Judgments concerning features of environments do not always correspond accurately with objective measures of those same features. Moreover, perceived and objectively assessed environmental attributes, including proximity of destinations, may influence walking behavior in different ways. This study compares perceived and objectively assessed distance to several different destinations and examines whether correspondence between objective and perceived distance is influenced by age, gender, neighborhood walkability, and walking behavior. Distances to most destinations close to home are overestimated, whereas distances to those farther away are underestimated. Perceived and objective distances to certain types of destinations are differentially associated with walking behavior. Perceived environmental attributes do not consistently reflect objectively assessed attributes, and both appear to have differential effects on physical activity behavior.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.PUHE.2015.10.001

Publication

Correlates of Agreement between Accelerometry and Self-reported Physical Activity

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000870

Publication

Associations of Low- and High-Intensity Light Activity with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000631

Publication

Don't take cancer sitting down: A new survivorship research agenda

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-03-2013

DOI: 10.1002/CNCR.28028

Abstract: Cancer survival is associated with considerable physical and psychosocial burden. Broadly accessible, nonpharmacologic measures that may extend disease-free survival, limit comorbid disease, and enhance quality of life are required. Sedentary behavior (too much sitting) is now understood to be a health risk that is additional to, and distinct from, the hazards of too little exercise. Of particular note, it is associated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation. Therefore, it is plausible that sedentary behavior may contribute to adverse cancer outcomes (disease progression, recurrence, or death) and to the development of comorbid chronic disease. Initial studies indicate that cancer survivors spend two-thirds of their waking hours sitting. Among colorectal cancer survivors, sedentary behavior may contribute to all-cause and disease-specific mortality, weight gain, comorbid cardiovascular disease, and diminished quality of life. There is a need for dose-response evidence, and for a broader understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which prolonged sitting time may affect cancer survivors' health.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 18-04-2012

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2010.079699

Publication

Television viewing time and mortality: The australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study (ausdiab)

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 26-01-2010

DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894824

Abstract: Background— Television viewing time, the predominant leisure-time sedentary behavior, is associated with biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, but its relationship with mortality has not been studied. We examined the associations of prolonged television viewing time with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and non-CVD/noncancer mortality in Australian adults. Methods and Results— Television viewing time in relation to subsequent all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality (median follow-up, 6.6 years) was examined among 8800 adults ≥25 years of age in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). During 58 087 person-years of follow-up, there were 284 deaths (87 CVD deaths, 125 cancer deaths). After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and exercise, the hazard ratios for each 1-hour increment in television viewing time per day were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.20) for all-cause mortality, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.35) for CVD mortality, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.23) for cancer mortality. Compared with a television viewing time of h/d, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.36) for ≥2 to h/d and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.05) for ≥4 h/d. For CVD mortality, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.19 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.99) and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.25). The associations with both cancer mortality and non-CVD/noncancer mortality were not significant. Conclusions— Television viewing time was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition to the promotion of exercise, chronic disease prevention strategies could focus on reducing sitting time, particularly prolonged television viewing.

Publication

Managing sedentary behavior to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-07-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S11892-014-0522-0

Abstract: Modern human environments are vastly different from those of our forebears. Rapidly advancing technology in transportation, communications, workplaces, and home entertainment confer a wealth of benefits, but increasingly come with costs to human health. Sedentary behavior-too much sitting as distinct from too little physical activity-contributes adversely to cardiometabolic health outcomes and premature mortality. Findings from observational epidemiology have been synthesized in meta-analyses, and evidence is now shifting into the realm of experimental trials with the aim of identifying novel mechanisms and potential causal relationships. We discuss recent observational and experimental evidence that makes a compelling case for reducing and breaking up prolonged sitting time in both the primary prevention and disease management contexts. We also highlight future research needs, the opportunities for developing targeted interventions, and the potential of population-wide initiatives designed to address too much sitting as a health risk.

Publication

Neighborhood Walkability and TV Viewing Time Among Australian Adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2007.07.035

Abstract: Built-environment attributes of a neighborhood are associated with participation in physical activity and may also influence time spent in sedentary behaviors. Associations of neighborhood walkability (based on dwelling density, street connectivity, land-use mix, and net retail area) and television viewing time were compared in a large, spatially-derived s le of Australian adults. Neighborhood-level variables (walkability and socioeconomic status [SES]) were calculated in 154 Australian census collection districts using Geographic Information Systems. In idual-level variables (TV viewing time, time spent in leisure-time physical activity, height, weight, and sociodemographic variables) were collected from adults living in urban areas of Adelaide, Australia using a mail survey (N=2224) in 2003-2004. Multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted in 2006 separately for men and women to examine variations in TV viewing time across tertiles of walkability. Neighborhood walkability was negatively associated with TV viewing time in women, but not in men. After controlling for neighborhood SES, body mass index, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, women living in medium- and high-walkable neighborhoods reported significantly less TV viewing time per day (14 minutes and 17 minutes, respectively) compared to those residing in low-walkable neighborhoods. Built-environment attributes of neighborhoods that are related to physical activity also may play an important role in influencing sedentary behavior, particularly among women. Considering the effects of prolonged sedentary time on health risks, which are independent of physical activity, there is the need for further research to explore how environmental characteristics may contribute to the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior.

Publication

The neurobiology of overeating

Publisher: EMBO

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-70

Publication

Sit–Stand Workstations

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2012.05.027

Abstract: Sitting time is a prevalent health risk among office-based workers. To examine, using a pilot study, the efficacy of an intervention to reduce office workers' sitting time. Quasi-experimental design with intervention-group participants recruited from a single workplace that was physically separate from the workplaces of comparison-group participants. Office workers (Intervention, n=18 Comparison, n=14) aged 20-65 years from Brisbane, Australia data were collected and analyzed in 2011. Installation of a commercially available sit-stand workstation. Changes from baseline at 1-week and 3-month follow-up in time spent sitting, standing, and stepping at the workplace and during all waking time (activPAL3 activity monitor, 7-day observation). Fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels were assessed at baseline and 3 months (Cholestech LDX Analyzer). Acceptability was assessed with a 5-point response scale (eight items). The intervention group (relative to the comparison group) reduced sitting time at 1-week follow-up by 143 minutes/day at the workplace (95% CI= -184, -102) and 97 minutes/day during all waking time (95% CI= -144, -50). These effects were maintained at 3 months (-137 minutes/day and -78 minutes/day, respectively). Sitting was almost exclusively replaced by standing, with minimal changes to stepping time. Relative to the comparison group, the intervention group increased HDL cholesterol by an average of 0.26 mmol/L (95% CI=0.10, 0.42). Other biomarker differences were not significant. There was strong acceptability and preference for using the workstations, though some design limitations were noted. This trial is the first with objective measurement and a comparison group to demonstrate that the introduction of a sit-stand workstation can substantially reduce office workers' sitting time both at the workplace and overall throughout the week.

Publication

Interrupting Sitting Time in Postmenopausal Women: Protocol for the Rise for Health Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 13-05-2021

DOI: 10.2196/28684

Abstract: Many older adults spend the majority of their waking hours sitting, which increases their risk of chronic diseases. Given the challenges that many older adults face when engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, understanding the health benefits of decreasing sitting time and increasing the number of sit-to-stand transitions is needed to address this growing public health concern. The aim of this 3-arm randomized controlled trial is to investigate how changes in sitting time and brief sit-to-stand transitions impact biomarkers of healthy aging and physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning compared with a healthy attention control arm. Sedentary and postmenopausal women (N=405) will be recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 study conditions for 3 months: healthy living attention control (Healthy Living), reduce sitting time (Reduce Sitting), and increase sit-to-stand transitions (Increase Transitions). Assessments conducted at baseline and 3 months included fasting blood draw, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, physical functioning, cognitive testing, and 7 days of a thigh-worn accelerometer (activPAL) and a hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph). Blood-based biomarkers of healthy aging included those associated with glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma insulin and glucose, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance). Recruitment began in May 2018. The intervention is ongoing, with data collection expected to continue through the end of 2022. The Rise for Health study is designed to test whether 2 different approaches to interrupting sitting time can improve healthy aging in postmenopausal women. Results from this study may inform the development of sedentary behavior guidelines and interventions to reduce sitting time in older adults. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03473145 t2/show/NCT03473145 DERR1-10.2196/28684

Publication

Breaks in sedentary time - Beneficial associations with metabolic risk

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 1995

DOI: 10.1006/PMED.1995.1008

Abstract: Workplace smoking bans are now widespread in a number of countries and are generally well accepted by smokers. Little is known about smokers who do not cope well with smoking bans. A survey of 669 smokers was conducted 2 years after the introduction of a workplace smoking ban. Variables associated with four different levels of need to smoke were examined. Nine percent reported experiencing a strong need to smoke at work, 26% a mild need, 45% occasional need, and 19% reported no need. Stronger need was related to (P < 0.01): an index of addiction (higher daily smoking rates and fewer minutes to first cigarette of the day), violating smoking bans, going outside to smoke more, reducing consumption less since the bans, being less approving of the ban, and seeing it as inconvenient, seeing smoking as having less disadvantages (cons) and more advantages (pros), being less ready to quit, lower in confidence of quitting, and having less intention to quit. All of the above effects persisted after controlling for addiction, and the index of addiction only had independent relationships with going outside to smoke, reducing consumption less since the bans, higher pros of smoking and lower self-efficacy (P < 0.01). There is a small subgroup of smokers who have not adapted well to workplace smoking bans, as well as the much larger subset who report less difficulty. While nicotine addiction plays a role in perceived need to smoke, a number of potentially changeable cognitive characteristics were independently related to need. Workplace smoking policies and programs could take such characteristics into account in addressing the problems these smokers face.

Publication

Light-Intensity Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in US Adolescents

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 09-08-2013

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0071417

Publication

Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with adults’ leisure-time physical activity: Findings from Belgium, Australia and the USA

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2012.09.017

Abstract: The study purpose was to examine the strength, direction and shape of the associations of environmental perceptions with recreational walking and leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, using pooled data from four study sites (Baltimore [USA], Seattle [USA], Adelaide [Australia] and Ghent [Belgium]). Moreover, site- and gender-specificity of the associations were examined. In total, 6014 adults (20-65 years, 55.7% women) completed the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Both a 'recreational walking-friendliness' index and a 'leisure-time activity friendliness' index had a positive linear association with recreational walking and leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, respectively. The associations were significant in all study sites except Ghent. Present findings were clearly site-specific, imposing possible challenges for built environment recommendations. In Belgium, interventions to promote leisure-time activity may need to target promotion of existing opportunities rather than built environment improvements.

Publication

Joint associations of multiple leisure-time sedentary behaviours and physical activity with obesity in Australian adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-35

Publication

Stages of readiness to quit smoking: population prevalence and correlates.

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 1992

DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.11.6.413

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3182019510

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-04-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0208-2

Publication

Perceived barriers to physical activity for colorectal cancer survivors

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-07-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S00520-009-0705-4

Abstract: Promoting physical activity among cancer survivors is a high priority. Understanding barriers to physical activity provides an evidence base to inform relevant strategies for doing so. Telephone interviews were conducted with colorectal cancer survivors at 5 (n = 538) and 12 months post-diagnosis (n = 403). We used an ecological model of health behaviour to classify participants' perceived barriers to physical activity into four sub-categories: physical environment, social environment, personal attributes, and disease-specific barriers. Disease-specific barriers were perceived as the greatest challenge to colorectal cancer survivors being more physically active, closely followed by personal attributes. The physical environment presented the least salient perceived barriers however, the physical environment was most closely associated with achieving sufficient levels of physical activity at 5 months post-diagnosis. The difficulties most frequently reported by participants at both time points were belief that they were already active enough, not feeling well enough to be physically active, and experiencing fatigue. These findings suggest potential points for intervention to influence physical activity among colorectal cancer survivors.

Publication

Dimensions of quality of life and psychosocial variables most salient to colorectal cancer patients

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1002/PON.919

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common invasive cancers, and is responsible for considerable physical and psychosocial morbidity. Understanding the quality of life experienced by colorectal cancer patients is essential for evaluating the full impact of the disease on in iduals, their families and their communities. Patient perspective is essential in establishing a proper understanding of the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients. Despite this, few studies have employed a qualitative methodology to explore quality of life issues for colorectal cancer patients. A review of the literature identified only seven qualitative studies pertaining to quality of life issues for colorectal cancer patients, a surprising finding given the prevalence of this cancer. Accordingly, this study sought to build on the findings of previous qualitative research by providing descriptive data on the quality of life and psychosocial variables most salient to colorectal cancer patients. Six core themes emerged from interview and focus group data: Satisfaction with diagnosis and treatment support (including information provision) quality of life benefits of diagnosis making sense of the cancer experience and coping strategies. The information derived from this study will help inform the development of supportive care services to address the needs of the increasing number of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

Publication

Smoking reduction and cessation among young adult women: A 7-year prospective analysis

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 09-2008

DOI: 10.1080/14622200802323241

Abstract: This study examined transitions in smoking behavior and attributes associated with reductions in daily smoking and subsequent cessation over a 7-year period. Data came from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Women aged 18-23 years in 1996 were randomly selected from the national health insurance database. Mailed questionnaires were distributed in 1996 (survey 1), 2000 (survey 2), and 2003 (survey 3). The analysis s le was all 972 women who were daily smokers with complete data on smoking at survey 1, and who participated in all three surveys. The main outcome variable was transitions in smoking behavior between surveys 1, 2, and 3, which included changes in the number of cigarettes smoked, changes to nonsmoking, and changes to nondaily smoking. Explanatory variables included prior smoking history, sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, and health-related characteristics. Over the 7-year period, one-quarter of daily smokers reduced and maintained a lower level of smoking. Reducers were most likely to have been heavy smokers and to have used illicit drugs, compared with those who stopped smoking. A change from daily to nondaily smoking at survey 2 predicted cessation at survey 3 when compared with no change in baseline smoking rate. Baseline smoking level was not a significant predictor of smoking cessation, while becoming married, having a higher physical health score, and not using illicit drugs increased the odds of cessation. Our study suggests that reducing from daily to nondaily smoking may promote smoking cessation among daily smokers. This observation warrants verification in other populations and in experimental studies.

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-03-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-213

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2000

DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00185-9

Publication

Occasional tobacco use among young adult women: a longitudinal analysis of smoking transitions

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 08-2007

DOI: 10.1136/TC.2006.018416

Publication

Sugar sweetened beverages and increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Indigenous community of Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2021.06.014

Publication

Physical activity as a mediator of the associations between neighborhood walkability and adiposity in Belgian adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2010.05.011

Abstract: This study examined whether physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior mediated the relationship of neighborhood walkability with two measures of adiposity: body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). Twenty-four neighborhoods in Ghent, Belgium were selected, stratified by objectively assessed walkability and by socio-economic status. Participants (1200 adults aged 20-65 years) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Weight and height were self-reported and waist circumference was objectively measured. Accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA and self-reported cycling for transport mediated the associations of walkability with BMI and WHTR. Moreover, walking for transport and recreational walking significantly mediated the relationship between walkability and BMI. Sedentary behavior did not mediate associations of walkability with BMI or WHTR. These findings suggest that PA, but not sedentary behavior, is a mechanism by which walkability may affect adults' adiposity. Planning for neighborhoods to be high in walkability could have favorable effects on physical activity and weight status.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2013.03.006

Publication

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: A population-based study of barriers, enjoyment, and preference

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.22.2.178

Publication

Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-05-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41569-021-00547-Y

Publication

Associations Between Recreational Walking and Attractiveness, Size, and Proximity of Neighborhood Open Spaces

Publisher: American Public Health Association

Date: 09-2010

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.182006

Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations of attractiveness, size, and proximity of multiple neighborhood open spaces (NOSs) with recreational walking. Methods. Adults participating in the Residential Environments (RESIDE) study (n = 1366) in Perth, Australia, reported time spent engaging in recreational walking within their neighborhoods. Park audit data and geographic information systems were used to identify the most attractive, largest, and nearest NOS within a 1.6-km radius from each participant's residential location. Regression analysis was used to examine attributes (attractiveness, size, and proximity) of these open spaces and their associations with participants’ recreational walking. Results. Shorter distance to attractive open spaces was associated with doing any recreational walking, but adults with larger attractive open spaces within 1.6 km of their home were more likely to walk 150 minutes or more in a week. Conclusions. For adults, the presence of a large, high-quality park within walking distance of one's home may be more important in promoting sufficient amounts of walking for health benefits than is the presence of an open space within a shorter distance.

Publication

Validity and reliability of measures of television viewing time and other non-occupational sedentary behaviour of adults: a review

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-12-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2008.00508.X

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 07-2010

DOI: 10.1097/JES.0B013E3181E373A2

Publication

Street connectivity and walking for transport: Role of neighborhood destinations

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2014.06.019

Abstract: Built environment attributes may be important determinants of physical activity. Greater street connectivity has been shown in several studies to be associated with adults' walking for transport (WFT). We examined the extent to which this association can be explained by the availability of utilitarian destinations. Adults (n=2544) participating in the Physical Activity in Localities and Community Environments (PLACE) study in Adelaide, Australia during 2003-2004, reported their WFT and perceived distances to 16 utilitarian destinations. Connectivity was calculated as the ratio of the number of intersections to Census Collection District land area. Marginal models via generalized estimating equations were used and the product-of-coefficients test was used to test mediation effects. Connectivity was significantly associated with destination availability and with WFT frequency. The connectivity-WFT relationship was attenuated after taking availability of destinations into account, but remained significant. Availability of destinations accounted for 16% of the total effect of connectivity on WFT. Higher connectivity can be associated with more frequent WFT, partly because more utilitarian destinations are available in areas with well-connected street networks. Further clarification of these relationships and other pathways through which connectivity influences residents' walking can inform urban design initiatives to promote physical activity.

Publication

Physical activity and population health outcomes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2003

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(03)80032-4

Publication

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 11-03-2014

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0091614

Publication

Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Time at Work

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 13-09-2021

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH18189627

Abstract: This feasibility study explored the contextual factors influencing office workers’ adherence to an e-health intervention targeting total and prolonged sedentary time over 12 weeks. A three-arm quasi-randomized intervention included prompts at 30 or 60 min intervals delivered via a smartphone application, and a no-prompt comparison arm. Fifty-six office workers completed baseline (64% female) and 44 completed the 12 week follow-up (80% retention). Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) captured contextual data, with 82.8 ± 24.9 EMA prompt questionnaires completed weekly. Two focus groups with n = 8 Prompt 30 and 60 participants were conducted one-month post-intervention to address intervention acceptability and feasibility. Contextual findings indicate that when working on a sedentary task (i.e., reading or screen-based work) and located at an in idual workstation, hourly prompts may be more acceptable and feasible for promoting a reduction in total and prolonged sedentary time compared to 30 min prompts. Interpersonal support also appears important for promoting subtle shifts in sedentary working practices. This novel study gives a real-time insight into the factors influencing adherence to e-health prompts. Findings identified unique, pragmatic considerations for delivering a workplace e-health intervention, indicating that further research is warranted to optimize the method of intervention delivery prior to evaluation of a large-scale intervention.

Publication

Validity of Self-Reported Measures of Workplace Sitting Time and Breaks in Sitting Time

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E31821820A2

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2004

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2004.02.032

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 21-01-2015

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.H100

Publication

Predicting attempts and sustained cessation of smoking after the introduction of workplace smoking bans.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 1991

DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.10.5.336

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000367

Publication

Better understanding the influence of cigarette smoking and indoor air pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study in Mainland China

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 31-10-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1843.2007.01178.X

Abstract: Although the association between COPD and smoking status (non-smoking, ex-smoking and current smoking) and indoor air pollution in Chinese populations is well established, the link between COPD and the number of cigarettes smoked has not been examined. This study investigated the relationship between the total amount of cigarettes smoked (TACS) and indoor air pollution, with the risk of COPD among urban and rural Chinese adults. A nested case-control study was performed using data collected in a large community survey (N = 29 319) conducted between October 2000 and March 2001 in Nanjing, China. The exposure to indoor respiratory pollutants of cooking and heating materials and to passive cigarette smoke was compared in patients diagnosed with COPD (n = 1743) and controls matched for age, gender and residence (n = 1743). The smoking rate among COPD patients was significantly higher than that among the controls. After controlling for possible confounders, the adjusted odds ratios for COPD increased across TACS tertiles: from lower (OR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.79), to middle (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.21-1.99), and upper (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.37-2.29). Among smokers, women were significantly more likely to develop COPD than men (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.41). There were no significant associations between COPD and domestic fuels used, kitchen ventilation or passive smoking. Heating in winter with coal was weakly but positively linked with COPD among non-smokers overall, among women non-smokers, and specifically for women living in urban as well as rural areas. A clear dose-response relationship exists between cigarette smoking and COPD compared with men, women smokers were more susceptible to COPD. Exposure to other respiratory pollutants in the home was not significantly associated with the diagnosis of COPD.

Publication

Conducta sedentaria y biomarcadores del riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes: un problema científico y de salud pública emergente

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2010

DOI: 10.1016/S0300-8932(10)70083-X

Publication

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1992

DOI: 10.1093/HEAPRO/7.4.241

Publication

Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: a pilot study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 05-08-2015

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0133175

Publication

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-1997

DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1997.TB02855.X

Publication

American Institute for Cancer Research Extended Abstracts from 2011 Conference

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1097/NT.0B013E3182768CD5

Publication

Interacting psychosocial and environmental correlates of leisure-time physical activity: A three-country study.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2009.08.032

Abstract: Although adverse health effects of prolonged TV viewing have been increasingly recognized, little population-wide information is available concerning subgroups at greatest risk for this behavior. This study sought to identify, in a U.S. population-derived s le, combinations of variables that defined subgroups with higher versus lower levels of usual TV-viewing time. A total of 5556 adults from a national consumer panel participated in the mail survey in 2001 (55% women, 71% white, 13% black, and 11% Hispanic). Nonparametric risk classification analyses were conducted in 2008. Subgroups with the highest proportions of people watching >14 hours/week of TV were identified and described using a combination of demographic (i.e., lower household incomes, orced/separated) health and mental health (i.e., poorer rated overall health, higher BMI, more depression) and behavioral (i.e., eating dinner in front of the TV, smoking, less physical activity) variables. The subgroup with the highest rates of TV viewing routinely ate dinner while watching TV and had lower income and poorer health. Prolonged TV viewing also was associated with perceived aspects of the neighborhood environment (i.e., heavy traffic and crime, lack of neighborhood lighting, and poor scenery). The results can help inform intervention development in this increasingly important behavioral health area.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2004

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2004.03.006

Publication

Sharing good NEWS across the world: developing comparable scores across 12 countries for the neighborhood environment walkability scale (NEWS)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-04-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-309

Abstract: The IPEN (International Physical Activity and Environment Network) Adult project seeks to conduct pooled analyses of associations of perceived neighborhood environment, as measured by the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and its abbreviated version (NEWS-A), with physical activity using data from 12 countries. As IPEN countries used adapted versions of the NEWS/NEWS-A, this paper aimed to develop scoring protocols that maximize cross-country comparability in responses. This information is also highly relevant to non-IPEN studies employing the NEWS/NEWS-A, which is one of the most popular measures of perceived environment globally. The following countries participated in the IPEN Adult study: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hong Kong, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants (N = 14,305) were recruited from neighborhoods varying in walkability and socio-economic status. Countries collected data on the perceived environment using a self- or interviewer-administered version of the NEWS/NEWS-A. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to derive comparable country-specific measurement models of the NEWS/NEWS-A. The level of correspondence between standard and alternative versions of the NEWS/NEWS-A factor-analyzable subscales was determined by estimating the correlations and mean standardized difference (Cohen’s d) between them using data from countries that had included items from both standard and alternative versions of the subscales. Final country-specific measurement models of the NEWS/NEWS-A provided acceptable levels of fit to the data and shared the same factorial structure with six latent factors and two single items. The correspondence between the standard and alternative versions of subscales of Land use mix – access , Infrastructure and safety for walking / cycling , and Aesthetics was high. The Brazilian version of the Traffic safety subscale was highly, while the Australian and Belgian versions were marginally, comparable to the standard version. Single-item versions of the Street connectivity subscale used in Australia and Belgium showed marginally acceptable correspondence to the standard version. We have proposed country-specific modifications to the original scoring protocol of the NEWS/NEWS-A that enhance inter-country comparability. These modifications have yielded sufficiently equivalent measurement models of the NEWS/NEWS-A. Some inter-country discrepancies remain. These need to be considered when interpreting findings from different countries.

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 11-2014

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000337

Publication

Translating active living research into policy and practice: One important pathway to chronic disease prevention

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-01-2015

DOI: 10.1057/JPHP.2014.53

Abstract: Global concerns about rising levels of chronic disease make timely translation of research into policy and practice a priority. There is a need to tackle common risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol use. Using evidence to inform policy and practice is challenging, often h ered by a poor fit between academic research and the needs of policymakers and practitioners--notably for active living researchers whose objective is to increase population physical activity by changing the ways cities are designed and built. We propose 10 strategies that may facilitate translation of research into health-enhancing urban planning policy. Strategies include interdisciplinary research teams of policymakers and practitioners undertaking explicitly policy-relevant research adopting appropriate study designs and methodologies (evaluation of policy initiatives as 'natural experiments') and adopting dissemination strategies that include knowledge brokers, advocates, and lobbyists. Conducting more policy-relevant research will require training for researchers as well as different rewards in academia.

Publication

Associations of leisure-time internet and computer use with overweight and obesity, physical activity and sedentary behaviors: Cross-sectional study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 27-07-2009

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.1084

Publication

Unprotected eyes in squash: not seeing the risk of injury

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2005

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80029-5

Abstract: The use of appropriate eyewear in squash can protect the eyes against injury. However, few adult squash players adequately protect their eyes against potential severe injuries. We describe the characteristics of non-users of protective eyewear and examine predictors of appropriate eyewear use. Self-report surveys of adult players were conducted in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Information on players' knowledge, behaviours and attitudes associated with protective eyewear use was collected, in addition to player demographic data. Appropriate eyewear was defined as Standards-approved polycarbonate lens eyewear. The majority 92.2% of players did not adequately protect their eyes while playing squash. Significant predictors of reported eyewear use were: previous eye injury: playing squash on average more than 2 hr per wk: having played for more than 20 y and having more favourable attitudes towards eye safety in squash. The significant predictors of appropriate eyewear use were: being female previous eye injury playing squash on average more than 2 hr per week and having more favourable attitudes towards eye safety in squash. Understanding the characteristics of both users and non-users of appropriate eye protection in squash is essential for informing future prevention strategies.

Publication

Car use and cardiovascular disease risk: Systematic review and implications for transport research

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTH.2020.100930

Publication

Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2012

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2009.05.001

Abstract: Studies have identified various environmental factors associated with physical activity. However, mixed findings have been reported on environment correlates of physical activity for recreation. Using a s le of Australian adults (n=2194), we examined perceived environmental attributes associated with recreational physical activity or exercise taking place on neighbourhood streets, which are known to be frequently used for such activity. Attractiveness, street connectivity, access to outdoor recreational facilities and access to places of interest were significantly associated with neighbourhood street use after adjusting for socio-demographic variables. Enhancing these environmental attributes and perceptions about them may be effective in promoting residents' physical activity.

Neville Owen

Researcher

Research Topics

Top 3 Research Topics

ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)

ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)

Related Links

Publications

Social cognitive correlates of young adult sport competitors' sunscreen use

New Techniques and Issues in Assessing Walking Behavior and Its Contexts

Physical activity, activity change, and their correlates in a population-based sample of colorectal cancer survivors

Different frequencies of active interruptions to sitting have distinct effects on 22 h glycemic control in type 2 diabetes

Socio-demographic, psychosocial and home-environmental attributes associated with adults' domestic screen time

Predictors of Men’s Acceptance of Modern Contraceptive Practice: Study in Rural Vietnam

Associations between television viewing time and overall sitting time with the metabolic syndrome in older men and women: The Australian diabetes obesity and lifestyle study

Protection Motivation Theory and Adolescents' Perceptions of Exercise1

Too much sitting and dysglycemia: Mechanistic links and implications for obesity

Who comes to a workplace health risk assessment?

Standing up to the cardiometabolic consequences of hematological cancers

Physical activity measurement- a primer for health promotion

Cost-effectiveness of a telephone-delivered intervention for physical activity and diet

The Implications of Genetic Susceptibility for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Older Adults’ Understanding

Associations between perceived neighborhood environmental attributes and adults’ sedentary behavior: Findings from the USA, Australia and Belgium

Television Viewing Time is Associated With Overweight/Obesity Among Older Adults, Independent of Meeting Physical Activity and Health GuidelinesReply to Stabler and Colleagues

Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world

Maintenance of physical activity and dietary change following a telephone-delivered intervention.

Evaluation Framework for Translational Research

Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease risk?

Neighborhood Walkability and Sedentary Time in Belgian Adults

Adults' Sedentary Behavior

Measurement and prediction of energy expenditure in males during household and garden tasks

Joint Impact of Physical Activity and Family History on the Development of Diabetes Among Urban Adults in Mainland China

Behavioral intervention studies and behavioral epidemiology research to improve smoking-cessation strategies

Joint associations of poor diet quality and prolonged television viewing time with abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian men and women

Results from the dissemination of an evidence-based telephone-delivered intervention for healthy lifestyle and weight loss: the Optimal Health Program

Correlates of Non-Concordance between Perceived and Objective Measures of Walkability

Breaking up of prolonged sitting over three days sustains, but does not enhance, lowering of postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in overweight and obese adults

Sedentary behavior: Understanding and influencing adults' prolonged sitting time

Stages of readiness to quit smoking: Population prevalence and correlates.

Physical activity and sedentary behaviours among rural adults in suixi, china: A cross-sectional study

International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index and obesity: IPEN adult study

Impact on Hemostatic Parameters of Interrupting Sitting with Intermittent Activity

Determinants of continuity and change over 10 years in young women's smoking

Back analysis of a building collapse under snow and rain loads in Mediterranean area

Relationships between neighborhood walkability and adults' physical activity: How important is residential self-selection?

Validity of a multi-context sitting questionnaire across demographically diverse population groups: AusDiab3

Print versus website physical activity programs: A randomized trial

Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces resting blood pressure in overweight/obese adults

A perspective on the behavioural epidemiology, the determinants, and the stages of exercise involvement

Neighbourhood walkability and dietary attributes: effect modification by area-level socio-economic status.

Response depression and facilitation components of the frustration effect in children's behavior

The effectiveness of a squash eyewear promotion strategy

Explaining socio-economic status differences in walking for transport: An ecological analysis of individual, social and environmental factors

Neighborhood Walkability and the Walking Behavior of Australian Adults

Spousal concordance and reliability of the 'Prudence Score' as a summary of diet and lifestyle

Adverse associations of increases in television viewing time with 5‐year changes in glucose homoeostasis markers: the AusDiab study

Perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes associated with adults׳ recreational walking: IPEN Adult study in 12 countries

Beneficial Associations of Physical Activity With 2-h but Not Fasting Blood Glucose in Australian Adults

Social and behavioural dimensions of community health: An introductory course on psychology in health care settings

Are workplace interventions to reduce sitting effective? A systematic review

Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Hypertension with the Development of Type 2 Diabetes among Urban Men and Women in Mainland China

A Telephone-Delivered Physical Activity and Dietary Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: Does Intervention Dose Influence Outcomes?

Acceptability and feasibility of potential intervention strategies for influencing sedentary time at work: Focus group interviews in executives and employees

Smokers' preferences for assistance with cessation

Associations of neighborhood environmental attributes with adults' objectively-assessed sedentary time: IPEN adult multi-country study

Associations of overall sitting time and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and C reactive protein: the AusDiab study

Deleterious associations of sitting time and television viewing time with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study 2004-2005

Increased Cardiometabolic Risk Is Associated with Increased TV Viewing Time

Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda

Contrasting compositions of sitting, standing, stepping, and sleeping time: associations with glycaemic outcome by diabetes risk

The built environment and mental health among older adults in Dalian: The mediating role of perceived environmental attributes

Physical activity interventions using mass media, print media, and information technology

Association of television viewing with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose levels in adults without diagnosed diabetes

Reliability of a measure of prediagnosis physical activity for cancer survivors

Levels of Physical Activity for Colon Cancer Prevention Compared with Generic Public Health Recommendations: Population Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates

Objectively assessed physical activity, sedentary time and waist circumference among prostate cancer survivors: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006)

Physical activity and television viewing in relation to risk of undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism in adults

Sun exposure and sun protection behaviours among young adult sport competitors

Low-carbon built environments and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review of Australian studies

Utilization and Harmonization of Adult Accelerometry Data

Protection Motivation Theory and Adolescents' Perceptions of Exercise¹

Motivational Readiness, Self‐Efficacy and Decision‐Making for Exercise¹