ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5245-9997
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-10-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12862-019-1525-X
Abstract: Odontocetes (toothed whales) are the most species-rich marine mammal lineage. The catalyst for their evolutionary success is echolocation - a form of biological sonar that uses high-frequency sound, produced in the forehead and ultimately detected by the cochlea. The ubiquity of echolocation in odontocetes across a wide range of physical and acoustic environments suggests that convergent evolution of cochlear shape is likely to have occurred. To test this, we used SURFACE a method that fits Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models with stepwise AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) to identify convergent regimes on the odontocete phylogeny, and then tested whether convergence in these regimes was significantly greater than expected by chance. We identified three convergent regimes: (1) True’s ( Mesoplodon mirus ) and Cuvier’s ( Ziphius cavirostris ) beaked whales (2) sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) and all other beaked whales s led and (3) pygmy ( Kogia breviceps ) and dwarf ( Kogia sima ) sperm whales and Dall’s porpoise ( Phocoenoides dalli ). Interestingly the ‘river dolphins’, a group notorious for their convergent morphologies and riverine ecologies, do not have convergent cochlear shapes. The first two regimes were significantly convergent, with habitat type and e type significantly correlated with membership of the sperm whale + beaked whale regime. The extreme acoustic environment of the deep ocean likely constrains cochlear shape, causing the cochlear morphology of sperm and beaked whales to converge. This study adds support for cochlear morphology being used to predict the ecology of extinct cetaceans.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2201
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2003
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 22-11-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2008
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12146
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1017/S103729110000248X
Abstract: The Internet provides access to electronic mail (e-mail), chat rooms, visually represented social interactions, voice and video connections, games, and general Word Wide Web (www or web) surfing. For children and adolescents the Internet has three main uses: information-gathering, entertainment, and interpersonal communication. Many adults fear that youth Internet use will result in negative consequences. Other in iduals promote the use of the Internet as supporting positive growth in children and adolescents. This article presents an overview of some of the main areas of concern regarding Internet use as well as its possible benefits. It is hoped that this information will assist school counsellors and psychologists support positive youth Internet use while avoiding negative aspects of Internet involvement.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1017/S1037291100004751
Abstract: School counsellors and psychologists will encounter students affected by addiction. When this occurs many will simply refer the students to specialist services within the community. Such referrals are not always an appropriate action for many reasons. School counsellors and psychologists have the professional characteristics required to create a therapeutic alliance and know the behavioural strategies needed for basic addiction treatment. It is suggested that school counsellors and psychologists add some basic knowledge, awareness, and skill relating to addiction to their professional development and, when possible, address the addiction problems of their students directly. Arguments regarding why school counsellors and psychologists should treat addiction problems are given. Moreover, how school counsellors and psychologists can briefly address addiction problems is outlined. Finally, resources on addiction are provided.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 22-11-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Common Ground Research Networks
Date: 2006
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-08-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
No related grants have been discovered for Nadine Pelling.