ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5027-6687
Current Organisations
University of South Australia
,
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1159/000288019
Abstract: In order to study the health correlates of unemployment, young urban South Australians, of average age 19.6 years and with 10.5% unemployed, were asked to rate their health and report number of doctor visits of the preceding month. Information about financial state, work satisfaction, and drug use was also collected. The satisfied employed rated their health somewhat more favourably than did either the dissatisfied employed or the unemployed, but changes in work situation over the next year were not related to changes in health. Alcohol use differed according to work situation for females but not males cigarette-smoking, which did not vary with work situation, was associated with poorer health.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-08-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-01-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AJPY.12104
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1037/A0016841
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF00992898
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12207
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.2495
Abstract: In response to global financial pressures, retail companies have introduced measures to reduce costs by cutting staff allocations to in idual outlets. On the basis of interview data from four employees of a large retail organization, this paper employs an ideographic case-study approach to illustrate how the processes linking job characteristics to job-related strain and well-being (e.g. appraisal, action regulation, coping, resource utilization) unfold within four in idual workers, as they attempt to manage perceived increases in demands resulting from staff cuts. We highlight the importance that these employees place on their own psychological resources (e.g. self-efficacy) and coping mechanisms (e.g. disengagement) in dealing with these changes, as well as how the perceived availability or absence of job resources (e.g. social support, decision authority, organizational justice) influences their ability to cope with increased demands. We use the insights gained from the case studies to illustrate the value of integrating multiple theoretical perspectives towards achieving a nuanced understanding of the intricacies involved in these experiences and to suggest ways in which the coping capacities of in idual employees might be increased.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-03-2005
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.1045
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1987
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1978
DOI: 10.1080/14640747808400696
Abstract: An experiment is reported which investigated the effects of uncontrollability and unpredictability in an anagram solving task. It was found that performance was disrupted following experience of outcomes which were uncontrollable or unpredictable or both. It was concluded that the effects of uncontrollability cannot be explained solely in terms of unpredictability.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1978
DOI: 10.1080/14640747808400697
Abstract: An experiment is reported which investigated the effects of situation similarity on learned helplessness. After initial pretreatment strong helplessness effects were found on a similar, but not on a dissimilar, test task. It was concluded that situation similarity is an important determinant of the generalization of the learned helplessness phenomenon.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-0054
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Date: 16-12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1521/SULI.2009.39.1.33
Abstract: In a s le of young adult Australians, those who had had suicidal ideation but who did not acknowledge ever having had it when asked 4 years later, were experiencing better mental health, as demonstrated by significantly better functioning on a range of psychometric measures, than those who recalled it. These results are consistent with several recent reports and indicate that forgetting painful events such as suicidal ideation is an adaptive defense mechanism. This has implications in terms of therapy focusing on contemporaneous events and the future, rather than on the past.
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Date: 16-12-2016
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 30-06-2009
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2009.57
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1526-4610.2009.01545.X
Abstract: To examine effects of stress on noxious inhibition and temporal summation (TS) in tension-type headache. Stress is the most commonly reported trigger of a chronic tension-type headache (CTH) episode however, the mechanisms underlying this are unclear. Stress affects pain processing throughout the central nervous system, including, potentially, mechanisms of TS and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), both of which may be abnormal in CTH sufferers (CTH-S). No studies have examined TS of pressure pain or DNIC of TS in CTH-S to date. Similarly, effects of stress on TS or DNIC of TS have not been reported in healthy subjects or CTH-S to date. The present study measured TS and DNIC of TS in CTH-S and healthy controls (CNT) exposed to an hour-long stressful mental task, and in CTH-S exposed to an hour-long neutral condition. TS was elicited at finger and shoulder via 10 pulses from a pressure algometer, applied before and during stimulation from an occlusion cuff at painful intensity. Algometer pain ratings increased more in the CTH compared with the CNT group, and were inhibited during occlusion cuff more in the CNT compared with CTH groups. Task effects on TS or DNIC were not significant. The results indicate increased TS to pressure pain and impaired DNIC of TS in CTH-S. Stress does not appear to aggravate abnormal TS or DNIC mechanisms in CTH-S.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2009.03.013
Abstract: We examined the validity of the reported link between well‐being and leisure participation in adolescents. Nine hundred and forty‐seven, Year 10 students from 19 schools in Adelaide, South Australia, were recruited. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning participation in social, non‐social and unstructured leisure activities as well as measures of personality. As expected, personality variables were better predictors of adolescent well‐being than spare‐time use, although engagement in less structured leisure activities was associated with poorer psychological well‐being and substance use. These findings support previous personality research which suggests that spare‐time use may be related to well‐being only insofar as in iduals who are psychologically healthy tend to be involved in structured leisure activities. The implications of these findings for school policy and future research concerning the links between leisure involvement and psychological well‐being are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1970
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-04-2010
Abstract: Stress is widely demonstrated as a contributing factor in tension-type headache (TTH). The mechanisms underlying this remain unclear at present. Recent research indicates the importance of central pain processes in tension-type headache (TTH) pathophysiology. Concurrently, research with animals and healthy humans has begun to elucidate the relationship between stress and pain processing in the central nervous system, including central pain processes putatively dysfunctional in TTH. Combined, these two fields of research present new insights and hypotheses into possible mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive review of this literature. The present paper provides such a review, which may be valuable in facilitating a broader understanding of the central mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.2006.04011.X
Abstract: This paper reports a study of the relationship between age, domestic responsibilities (being partnered and having dependents), recovery from shiftwork-related fatigue and the evolution of maladaptive health outcomes among full-time working female nurses. Several studies have suggested that full-time working women with family responsibilities are at greater risk of developing work-related fatigue problems than single women without these responsibilities. A questionnaire was distributed in 2004 to 2400 nurses at two hospitals in Australia, and 1280 responses were obtained (response rate 54%). The data from a purposive s le of 846 full-time working nurses are reported here. Domestic responsibilities were not related to differences in fatigue and recovery. Our results suggested that for full-time shiftworking nurses, being part of a family structure, may actually be protective against the development of maladaptive fatigue. The most important factor determining maladaptive fatigue outcome was shift pattern worked, particularly rotation including night duty. The effect of age was equivocal. The youngest age group reported the highest fatigue and poorest recovery compared to the oldest group, who reported the best characteristics. However, this latter group may represent a particularly well-adapted 'survivor cohort'. The relationship between age and fatigue was partly confounded by older, experienced, nurses with greater job responsibilities, working fewer multiple shifts including night duty. In general, increasing age was not associated with poorer recovery or higher maladaptive fatigue. Unpredictable internal shift rotations, including night duty, which are traditional and typical in nursing, are inimical to maintaining nurses' health. More creative approaches to rostering for nurses working multiple shifts are a necessary step towards reducing wastage from the profession due to chronic work-related fatigue. Younger nurses in particular, may need more support than is currently recognized if they are to be retained within the profession.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90041-P
Abstract: Data are presented from the second stage of a longitudinal study of unemployed young people, when their ages ranged from 19 to 24 yr. Data from the first stage, when their ages ranged from 16 to 20 yr, had provided support for a curvilinear hypothesis relating psychological distress or affective well-being, to unemployment duration. According to the curvilinear hypothesis, distress peaks at around 6 months and declines thereafter. In the present study three target groups were distinguished: those unemployed for 3 months or less, those unemployed from 4 to 8 months, and those unemployed for 9 months or more. On most of the dependent measures the 3 month, and 4-8 month groups did not differ, but the 9 month group was significantly worse off than either. It is concluded that the relations between length of unemployment and psychological distress, or well-being, are different in teenagers and young adults. Possible explanations for the differences are discussed.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-03-2003
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-12-2012
Abstract: This study examined the role of burnout and connectedness in the job demands-resources (JD-R) model among palliative care volunteers. It was hypothesized that (a) exhaustion mediates the relationship between demands and depression, and between demands and retention (b) cynicism mediates the relationship between resources and retention and (c) connectedness mediates the relationship between resources and retention. Hypotheses were tested in 2 separate analyses: structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analyses. The first was based on volunteer self-reports (N = 204), while the second analysis concerned matched data from volunteers and their family members (N = 99). While strong support was found for cynicism and connectedness as mediators in both types of analyses, this was not altogether the case for exhaustion. Implications of these findings for the JD-R model and volunteer organizations are discussed.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1986
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00991575
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-2982.2009.01917.X
Abstract: Stress is the most commonly reported trigger of an episode of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) however, the causal significance has not been experimentally demonstrated to date. Stress may trigger CTTH through hyperalgesic effects on already sensitized pain pathways in CTTH sufferers. This hypothesis could be partially tested by examining pain sensitivity in an experimental model of stress-induced headache in CTTH sufferers. Such examinations have not been reported to date. We measured pericranial muscle tenderness and pain thresholds at the finger, head and shoulder in 23 CTTH sufferers (CTH-S) and 25 healthy control subjects (CNT) exposed to an hour-long stressful mental task, and in 23 CTTH sufferers exposed to an hour-long neutral condition (CTH-N). Headache developed in 91% of CTH-S, 4% of CNT, and 17% of CTH-N subjects. Headache sufferers had increased muscle tenderness and reduced pain thresholds compared with healthy controls. During the task, muscle tenderness increased and pain thresholds decreased in the CTH-S group compared with CTH-N and CNT groups. Pre-task muscle tenderness and reduction in pain threshold during task were predictive of the development and intensity of headache following task. The main findings are that stress induced a headache in CTTH sufferers, and this was associated with pre-task muscle tenderness and stress-induced reduction in pain thresholds. The results support the hypothesis that stress triggers CTTH through hyperalgesic effects on already increased pain sensitivity in CTTH sufferers, reducing the threshold to noxious input from pericranial structures.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1080/10615809508249361
Abstract: Abstract This study examined the role of social support in the relationship between work demand and psychological distress (GHQ 12) in correctional officers (N=419), a high stress occupational group. Work demands were positively associated with strain. There was no evidence that social support buffered the negative impact of work demands. Rather, consistent with most previous research findings, support showed direct benefits and these were discussed in the context of worker participation and control. The hypothesis that officers high in negative affectivity, as measured by trait anxiety would show greater reactivity to work demands was not supported. However, trait anxiety appeared to inflate the relationship between work stressors (work demand and work support) and psychological distress supporting recent suggestions that the role of trait anxiety in occupational stress should not be disregarded. Trait anxiety combined additively with work demand to predict in idual differences in psychological distress, however social support moderated the impact of trait anxiety on strain.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-440X(97)90058-4
Abstract: Anger, aggression, or hostility, or an emotional state consistent with these terms, has been accepted as being of fundamental importance to our understanding of suicidal behavior. However, the presumed association has not been investigated thoroughly in prospective studies. The results of the present 8-year longitudinal examination of anger with oneself and with society and its relationship to emerging suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in adolescents entering adulthood provide, at best, only equivocal support for such an association.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2005
Publisher: Redfame Publishing
Date: 31-05-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-07-2009
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1968
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.1968.23.3F.1335
Abstract: Findings from 2 experiments are described in which rats were overtrained on black/white and conditional discriminations. on the former, performance improved up to criterion and thereafter was maintained at a high level. on the latter, more difficult task, behaviour was less consistent and performance deteriorated with overtraining. A relation between elimination of position responses and task difficulty is suggested, and implications for the use of learning criteria are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2011
Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)
Date: 13-04-2017
DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2016.1269772
Abstract: Young people who are victims of, or witnesses to, aggression are at increased risk of developing a psychological disorder and behaving aggressively themselves. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of exposure to aggression in a s le of 1 770 students, aged 15-26 years recruited from technical colleges in Thailand. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence rates for both experiencing aggression as a victim and for witnessing an aggressive incident. Logistic regression methods were then used to examine the possible association between acting aggressively and being a victim of, or a witness to, aggression. In the previous six months, over half of all students reported being yelled at and had witnessed friends being hit. Those students who reported 'being pushed' or 'being hit' themselves had higher levels of anger expression. Being an indirect victim and witnessing aggression were only weakly associated with anger expression. Adolescents in Thailand experience high rates of victimisation and commonly witness aggression. Being personally victimised was shown to be significantly related to a subsequent expression of anger, suggesting that interventions to prevent direct confrontation may help to reduce the likelihood of victims becoming perpetrators.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.05.026
Abstract: This study investigates risk and protective factors for substance abuse in a s le of 1778 students attending technical colleges in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces of Thailand using a self-report questionnaire modified from the Communities That Care youth survey. Low school commitment was strongly associated with illicit drug use, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.84 (glue sniffing) to 10.06 (ecstasy). Having friends using drugs, and friends with delinquent behaviors increased the risk of using alcohol and illegal drugs, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.84 and 6.72 respectively for marijuana use. For protective factors, approximately 40-60% of students with high levels of moral belief, participation in religious activities, and social skills were less likely to use alcohol. It is concluded that peer influence is a significant contributor to Thai adolescents' participation in substance abuse and that engaging in religiosity may assist adolescents to internalize negative aspects of harmful drugs into positive perceptions and encourage them to avoid alcohol and illegal drugs.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1970
Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 23-05-2011
Abstract: Orientation: Job characteristics are well accepted as sources of burnout and engagement amongst employees psychosocial safety climate may precede work conditions.Research purpose: We expanded the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model by proposing psychosocial safety climate (PSC) as a precursor to job demands and job resources. As PSC theoretically influences the working environment, the study hypothesized that PSC has an impact on performance via both health erosion (i.e. burnout) and motivational pathways (i.e. work engagement).Motivation for the study: So far, integration of PSC in the JD-R model is only tested in a Western context (i.e. Australia). We tested the emerging construct of PSC in Malaysia, an Eastern developing country in the Asian region.Research design, approach and method: A random population based s le was derived using household maps provided by Department of Statistics, Malaysia 291 employees (response rate 50.52%) from the State of Selangor, Malaysia participated. Cross-sectional data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Main findings: We found that PSC was negatively related to job demands and positively related to job resources. Job demands, in turn, predicted burnout (i.e. exhaustion and cynicism), whereas job resources predicted engagement. Both burnout and engagement were associated with performance. Bootstrapping showed significant indirect effects of PSC on burnout via job demands, PSC on performance via burnout and PSC on performance via the resources-engagement pathway.Practical/managerial implications: Our findings are consistent with previous research that suggests that PSC should be a target to improve working conditions and in turn reduce burnout and improve engagement and productivity.Contribution/value-add: These findings suggest that JD-R theory may be expanded to include PSC as an antecedent and that the expanded JD-R model is largely valid in an Eastern, developing economy setting.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1987
Abstract: An experiment is reported that attempted to assess the contribution of unpredictability to the learned helplessness effect. Contrary to learned helplessness theory, performance deficits resulted from exposure to uncontrollable events only when uncontrollability was also accompanied by unpredictability. Uncontrollable but predictable outcomes did not produce the effect. The experiment also demonstrated that the timing of self-report has an influence on expressed subjective confidence ratings, a finding of some significance in view of the methodology of human helplessness experiments.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2014
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1108/14691930410550390
Abstract: This paper aims to extend the understanding of human and structural capital as key components of intellectual capital by refining their definitions and outlining their relationships. It argues that psychology and sociology can further develop the understanding of intellectual capital despite having not previously been sufficiently recognised as relevant to the debate. The paper draws on these disciplinary areas to develop a model that specifies subsets of human and structural capital, of intellectual capital and the relationship between them, as a basis for a more comprehensive definition and effective measurement of it across a range of industries and firms. Finally, it argues that it is important for employers to determine how to capture human capital and convert it into structural capital so that it is not lost in times of rapid restructuring and high staff turnover.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-1520
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1037/A0038280
Abstract: The challenge-hindrance framework has proved useful for explaining inconsistencies in relationships between work stressors and important outcomes. By introducing the distinction between threat and hindrance to this framework, we capture the potential for personal harm or loss (threat) associated with stressors, as distinct from the potential to block goal attainment (hindrance) or promote gain (challenge). In Study 1, survey data were collected from 609 retail workers, 220 of whom responded 6 months later. The results supported a 3-factor threat-hindrance-challenge stressor structure and showed that threat stressors are associated with increased psychological distress and emotional exhaustion, and reduced dedication, whereas hindrance stressors undermine dedication but may not be related to distress or exhaustion with threats included in the model. Study 2 utilized a diary study design, with data collected from 207 workers over 3 workdays. Findings revealed that the threat, hindrance, and challenge appraisals of in idual workers are statistically distinct, and associated with stressors and well-being as anticipated: threats with role conflict and anxiety, hindrances with organizational constraints and fatigue, and challenges with skill demands and enthusiasm. Overall, moving to a 3-dimensional challenge-hindrance-threat framework for stressors and stress appraisals will support a more accurate picture regarding the nature, processes, and effects of stressors on in iduals and organizations, and ensure prevention efforts are not misguided.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1979
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1979.9923498
Abstract: This paper compares Seligman's recent work on learned helplessness with N. R. F. Maier's work on frustration-instigated behavior published some 30 years ago. Some striking similarities are noted between the two approaches, and it is concluded that some of the differences are more apparent than real and that the learned helplessness model could provide an explanation for the "abnormal fixations" reported by Maier.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1990
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1037/STR0000032
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1992
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1007/BF01857284
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-11-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1966
DOI: 10.1080/00221325.1966.10532786
Abstract: A 66-year-old female with follicular lymphoma developed severe liver dysfunction and nonallergic bronchitis after 1 cycle of treatment with bendamustine and rituximab (BR) therapy. Simultaneously, eosinophilia was observed. Further examination revealed negative results for both hepatitis virus-induced liver damage and lymphoma cell invasion into the liver. No bacterial, fungal, or cytomegaloviral infections of the respiratory tract were observed. The patient was treated with steroid pulse therapy followed by prednisolone with complete resolution of her symptoms. This suggests that eosinophilia induced by the treatment with BR may result in liver dysfunction and nonallergic bronchitis.
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Date: 16-12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1978
DOI: 10.3758/BF03211996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1982
DOI: 10.1007/BF00992247
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1992
DOI: 10.1207/S15327752JPA5801_17
Abstract: A large s le (N = 483) of community-living adults (M age = 23.6 years) responded to questions about the frequency and adequacy of emotional, practical, and informational support during the past month from three sources-confidants, peers, and supervisors-using the Multi-Dimensional Support Scale. Factor analysis was used to distinguish meaningful regularities in item responses, and the resulting five scales have high internal reliability. Scores correlated significantly with measures of self-esteem, depressive affect, and psychological disturbance according to the General Health Questionnaire. To investigate what contribution support measures could make to the prediction of psychological well-being, hierarchical regression analyses were carried out with stressors entered first and support scores entered second. As expected, respondents' psychological well-being was related to their level of life stress however, the addition of social support measures doubled the explained variance in measures of psychological well-being. The support measure with the strongest association with well-being was the frequency of supportive behaviors toward the respondent by close family and friends.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1989
DOI: 10.3109/00048678909062592
Abstract: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) results are given for a large (N = 1013) s le of South Australian young people (average age 19.6 years), to compare the usefulness of the 12-, 28-, and 30-item forms of the GHQ. Internal reliabilities are generally adequate and the Likert scoring method produces significant correlations with psychological measures such as self-esteem. the case-prevalence rate using the binary scoring method was comparable with other studies, but misclassification rates were unacceptably high when DSM-Ill Axis I diagnosis was used as the criterion for the presence of any psychiatric disorder.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF00991676
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2015.07.004
Abstract: The importance of socially supportive relationships in assisting people to cope with stress and adverse events is well recognised, but the trajectories whereby in iduals develop the capacity to attract those supports have been infrequently studied. Taking advantage of a substantial longitudinal data set, we aimed to explore the precursors during mid‐adolescence, of satisfaction with social supports in young adulthood. Both personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism) and adolescent experiences of high‐quality interpersonal relationships with parents and peers were hypothesised to predict subsequent satisfactory supports we wished to compare the influence of these factors. Participants in a study of the school to work transition (N = 558) provided psychosocial information at 16–17 years of age and then again six years later at 23, using paper and online questionnaires and standardised measures. Personality and family climate variables both predicted adult social support, with family cohesiveness and neuroticism having the largest roles. The possible implications for mental health promotion are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1982
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-1971
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.1971.29.2.375
Abstract: In order to test an interpretation of the overlearning reversal effect, 2 groups of rats were given acquisition and reversal training on a simultaneous discrimination using 50% or 100% reinforcement. No difference in position responding was observed during reversal, and this result was construed as disconfirming the hypothesis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-12-2015
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2014.975616
Abstract: Youth substance abuse is widely recognized as a major public health issue in Thailand. This study explores family and community risk and protective factors relevant to alcohol and illegal drug misuse in 1,778 Thai teenagers. Strong family attachment and a family history of antisocial behaviors were strongly associated with nearly all forms of substance abuse, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 5.05 to 8.45. Community disorganization was strongly associated with self-reported substance use, although involvement in prosocial activities acted as a protective factor. The findings suggest that interventions that promote family cohesion and encourage community involvement may have considerable benefits in reducing substance abuse in Thai adolescents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1993
Abstract: Recent studies in both Australia and the U.K. have shown high levels of psychological distress and anxiety in secondary school pupils, increasing over the final three years of school. Indeed, the levels observed in final year pupils have been just as high as those observed in unemployed young people. It has been suggested that the discrepant findings in some longitudinal studies reported during the past few years might be due to the inappropriate use of at-school baseline measures, where disproportionate numbers of pupils at different levels could have affected the conclusions. In response to this suggestion data are reported from a longitudinal study of school leavers, in which 1980 at-school measures were analysed as a function of year level and intended year of leaving. The findings gave no support to the hypothesis that stress level increased from over the last three years, and therefore the use of baseline measures was vindicated. It was concluded that a decade of sustained high youth unemployment is the reason why those about to leave school seem prone to greater stress and anxiety than was the case ten years ago.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8287.2011.02054.X
Abstract: A focus on in idualistic coping strategies such as positivity and fighting spirit has done little to inform the development of interventions for people affected by cancer. The aim of this study was to conduct an inquiry, which focused on the 'lived experience' and the social context within which communication about cancer occurs. A semi-structured interview schedule was used. These interviews were complemented by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I., Sheehan et al., 1998). Twenty participants with mixed diagnoses (13 female and seven male), ranging in age from 44 to 73 (Mean = 58.35, SD= 8.20) were interviewed. Consistent with Glaser's (1992) constant comparative method, research data were open coded, selectively coded, and then theoretically coded so that initial codes were collapsed into models and compared against existing literature for completeness. Fifty percent of participants met criteria for an Axis 1 diagnosis. Three models emerged from the research interview the first provides a description of the way in which patients evaluate the quality of care they receive across the cancer pathway. Other models refer to the cancer-coping process in which participants describe successful and unsuccessful attempts at coping via communication and whereby coping with cancer is characterized by a series of losses accompanied by increased distress. A research focus on the social environment in which cancer is experienced provides considerable insight into the cancer-coping process. As such, interventions focused on understanding the social context in which patients experience cancer, and attempt to cope, may facilitate improved adjustment for those directly, and potentially indirectly, affected by cancer. Further research is required to develop interventions to address the unique needs of survivors.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-03-2015
Abstract: Youth violence is a serious public health problem in Thailand, and yet is poorly understood and is thought to vary considerably between metropolitan and rural areas. This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study involving 1,170 technical college students who completed self-report questionnaires assessing the frequency of violent acts, antisocial behavior, and angry emotion. There were no differences in self-reported violent activities between metropolitan and rural participants, but those attending colleges in the metropolitan areas reported more acts involving weapons. Scores on the measure of anger expression predicted physical and verbal assault, specifically punching and name calling, suggesting that the implementation of interventions which help students to improve control over anger may be a useful violence prevention approach.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.JOM.0000161740.71049.C4
Abstract: Various empirical studies link persistent failure to recover from acute fatigue to the evolution of chronic fatigue. However, existing fatigue measurement scales do not tend to distinguish between acute and chronic fatigue elements well, and none include a measure of effective recovery from fatigue. The 15 item Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) scale has been developed and validated in three study populations specifically to measure work-related fatigue. The OFER scale possesses robust, gender-bias free psychometric characteristics. Its three subscales identify and distinguish between chronic work-related fatigue traits, acute end-of-shift states and effective fatigue recovery between shifts. These studies confirm the mediating role of intershift-shift recovery in the evolution of adaptive end-of-shift fatigue states to maladaptive persistent fatigue traits. The OFER scale is suggested as a potentially valuable new tool for use in work-related fatigue research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1982
DOI: 10.1007/BF00992458
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1969
DOI: 10.3758/BF03332803
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1982
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-11-2015
Abstract: Most previous studies on the effects of length of unemployment on health have focused on the duration of continuous spells of unemployment rather than on the cumulative length of intermittent spells. This study analysed the relationship between the cumulative length of intermittent spells of unemployment and different health-related outcomes using data from a longitudinal study of school leavers. All pupils who completed compulsory schooling in 1981 in a medium-sized town in northern Sweden (N = 1083) were followed for 14 years with repeated questionnaires including questions about unemployment, health and health behaviour. Men tended to react with a steady state or a levelling off of health symptoms with increased unemployment, whereas women showed deteriorating health symptoms. For health behaviour the reverse occurred. Women's health behaviour was less connected with increased unemployment while men's health behaviour tended to deteriorate. Cumulative length of unemployment is correlated with deteriorated health and health behaviour. Long-term unemployment, even as a result of cumulated shorter employment spells over a number of years should be an urgent target for policy makers.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/3919080
Abstract: Objective . To build upon research evaluating stress interventions, this qualitative study tests the framework of the extended Job Demands-Resources model to investigate employees’ perceptions of the stress-reduction measures implemented at 13 Australian universities. Methods . In a cross-sectional survey design, tenured and contract staff indicated whether their overall level of stress had changed during the previous three-four years, and, if so, they described the major causes. A total of 462 staff reported that their level of stress had decreased the study examines commentary from 115 academic and 304 nonacademic staff who provided details of what they perceived to be effective in reducing stress. Results . Thematic analyses show that the key perceived causes were changes in job or work role, new heads of departments or supervisors, and the use of organizational strategies to reduce or manage stress. A higher percentage of academic staff reported reduced stress due to using protective coping strategies or their increased recognition and/or success, whereas a higher percentage of nonacademic staff reported reduced stress due to increases in staffing resources and/or systems. Conclusion . These results identify the importance of implementing multilevel strategies to enhance employees’ well-being. Nonacademic staff, in particular, specified a variety of organizational stress-reduction interventions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1990
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12369
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/COBI.13386
Abstract: Conservation marketing holds potential as a means to engage audiences with bio ersity conservation and help to address the human dimensions of bio ersity loss. Empirical evaluations of conservation marketing indicatives are growing, so we reviewed the literature on this research to inform future directions in the field. We used a systematic search strategy to identify studies that evaluated the effects of conservation marketing interventions (techniques and c aigns) on psychosocial outcomes, categorized as cognitive, affective, or behavioral. Six academic databases (Business Source Complete, Communication & Mass Media Complete, Greenfile, Proquest, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collections), 3 gray‐literature databases (BASE, Zenodo, and Google Scholar), and 2 websites (Rare and WildAid) were searched. Articles were subjected to critical appraisal to assess their methodological quality, and data were extracted from each article and analyzed using narrative synthesis. Altogether 28 studies from 26 articles were included in the review. Twenty‐five studies were conducted from 2014 through 2016. Methodological quality of most studies was weak ( n = 16, 57%) (moderate quality n = 8, 29% high quality n = 4, 14%). The proportion of studies that evaluated a conservation‐marketing technique (e.g., variants of texts, images, or videos) versus a c aign (e.g., community‐based c aigns targeting locally relevant issues, such as unsustainable palm oil agriculture, light pollution, or wood fuel fire use) was relatively balanced. Although many studies reported statistically significant results in the intended direction, the utility of findings was limited by persistent methodological limitations, such as a lack of a comparator group, use of non‐validated assessment tools, and a focus on self‐reported data and subjective outcomes. Conservation marketing is clearly a nascent field of scientific enquiry that warrants further, high‐quality research investigations.
Publisher: Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd
Date: 16-07-2014
DOI: 10.2224/SBP.2014.42.6.1047
Abstract: Youth violence is a significant public health issue in Thailand where most people who are injured are vocational college students. There is a need to identify methods whereby such violence can be prevented. We trialed a group program in a technical college in Thailand with 23 students who received a modified version of aggression replacement training. We then compared their results with those of 24 students who did not receive any intervention or preintervention at 1 and 3 month followups. Although we found little evidence supporting the effectiveness of the intervention, participants in the intervention group suggested in the followup in-depth interviews that they felt more able to avoid or ignore provocation, and that they thought more about the consequences of aggressive behavior than they did prior to the intervention.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1177/031289620202701S14
Abstract: Research on unemployment, underemployment and organisational stress have become major social issues over the past 20 years and have attracted considerable research interest on the part of organisational psychologists both in Australia and overseas. Globalisation has led to restructuring and downsizing in many industrialised societies and a shift, for many workers, from the prospect of secure, long-term employment, to unemployment or inadequate or insecure employment. This paper reviews the research on these topics, discusses their theoretical implications and suggests future research directions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1984
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.1249
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2012.700477
Abstract: In a general population s le of 2343 Australian workers from a wide ranging employment demographic, we extended research testing the buffering role of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) as a macro-level resource within the health impairment process of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Moderated structural equation modeling was used to test PSC as a moderator between emotional and psychological job demands and worker depression compared with control and social support as alternative moderators. We also tested PSC as a moderator between depression and positive organizational behaviors (POB engagement and job satisfaction) compared with control and social support as moderators. As expected we found PSC moderated the effects of job demands on depression and further moderated the effects of depression on POB with fit to the data that was as good as control and social support as moderators. This study has shown that PSC is a macro-level resource and safety signal for workers acting to reduce demand-induced depression. We conclude that organizations need to focus on the development of a robust PSC that will operate to buffer the effects of workplace psychosocial hazards and to build environments conducive to worker psychological health and positive organizational behaviors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1969
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1489691
Abstract: There is considerable public health interest in understanding what factors during adolescence predict longer-term drinking patterns in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the age 15 social and psychological predictors of less healthy drinking patterns in early adulthood. The study investigates the relative importance of internalising problems, other risky health behaviours, and peer relationships after controlling for family background characteristics. A s le of 812 young people who provided complete alcohol consumption data from the age of 15 to 20 years (5 measurement points) were drawn from South Australian secondary schools and given a detailed survey concerning their psychological and social wellbeing. Respondents were classified into two groups based upon a percentile ision: those who drank at levels consistently below NHMRC guidelines and those who consistently drank at higher levels. The results showed that poorer age 15 scores on measures of psychological wellbeing including scores on the GHQ-12, self-esteem, and life-satisfaction as well as engagement in health-related behaviours such as smoking or drug-taking were associated with higher drinking levels in early adulthood. The pattern of results was generally similar for both genders. Higher drinking levels were most strongly associated with smoking and marijuana use and poorer psychological wellbeing during adolescence.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-02-2014
Abstract: There has been little research on the long-term relationship between unemployment experiences and mental health over the life course. This article investigates the relationship between youth unemployment as well as that of unemployment experiences during later periods and mental health at ages 16, 21, 30 and 42 years. The study makes use of the 'Northern Swedish Cohort' (NSC), a 27-year prospective cohort study. The cohort, investigated at ages 16, 18, 21, 30 and 42 years, consisted of all graduates from compulsory school in an industrial town in Sweden. Of the original 1083 participants, 94.3% of those still alive were still participating at the 27-year follow up. Mental health, measured through a three-item index of nervous symptoms, depressive symptoms and sleeping problems, was analysed using a repeated measures linear mixed models approach using ages 16, 21, 30 and 43 years. Unemployment exposure was measured as exposure to at least a 6-month spell during three periods 18-21, 21-30 and 30-42 years. Youth unemployment was shown to be significantly connected with poorer mental health at all three target ages, 21, 30 and 42 years. Later singular unemployment experiences did not appear to have the same long-term negative effects. There was however an accumulation in poorer mental health among respondents with unemployment experiences during two, and even more so three, of the periods. There are long-term mental health scarring effects of exposure to youth unemployment and multiple exposure to unemployment during the life course.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1037/A0030804
Abstract: This two-wave study of volunteers examined the effect of family and friend support on the relationship between volunteer demands (emotional demands and work-home conflict) on the one hand, and burnout (exhaustion and cynicism) and organizational connectedness on the other hand. It was hypothesized that family and friend support would moderate the relationship between (a) demands at Time 1 (T1) and burnout at Time 2 (T2) and (b) demands at T1 and organizational connectedness at T2. Hypotheses were tested among 126 Australian volunteer firefighters, who were followed up over 1 year. Results showed that support moderated the relationship between work-home conflict and exhaustion, but not between emotional demands and exhaustion. In addition, family and friend support moderated the relationship between both volunteer demands at T1 and cynicism and organizational connectedness at T2. These results suggest that support from family and friends is a critical resource in coping with the demands related to volunteer work and may protect volunteers from burnout, while helping them to stay connected to volunteering. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1155/2009/523098
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The test-retest reliability of temporal summation (TS) and diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) has not been reported to date. Establishing such reliability would support the possibility of future experimental studies examining factors affecting TS and DNIC. Similarly, the use of manual algometry to induce TS, or an occlusion cuff to induce DNIC of TS to mechanical stimuli, has not been reported to date. Such devices may offer a simpler method than current techniques for inducing TS and DNIC, affording assessment at more anatomical locations and in more varied research settings. METHOD: The present study assessed the test-retest reliability of TS and DNIC using the above techniques. Sex differences on these measures were also investigated. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated successful induction of TS and DNIC, with no significant differences across test-retest occasions. Sex effects were not significant for any measure or interaction. Intraclass correlations indicated high test-retest reliability for all measures however, there was large interin idual variation between test and retest measurements. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate acceptable within-session test-retest reliability of TS and DNIC. The results support the possibility of future experimental studies examining factors affecting TS and DNIC.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1981
DOI: 10.1007/BF00993891
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1977
DOI: 10.3758/BF03209240
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-01-2011
DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2010.517812
Abstract: Adolescents (N=1281 M age = 15.2 years, SD = 0.51 years) from a state-wide s le of schools provided information about their psychological well-being, family functioning, extraversion, and perceived physical attractiveness and weight, using a questionnaire completed at school. Consistent with previous research, girls were significantly more likely than boys to be dissatisfied with their weight and physical appearance, and these factors explained significantly more variation in self-esteem than in life satisfaction or other measures of psychological well-being. The strong relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem for adolescent girls was not moderated by school type (single sex or educational). However, girls who were dissatisfied but psychologically well adjusted tended to be more extraverted, have more close friends and receive greater family support.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1980
DOI: 10.1080/00221325.1980.10534096
Abstract: The performance of 48 young (ages 18--20) and 48 old (mean age = 78) adult Ss was studied in a probability learning task which used different reinforcement procedures and material rewards. In the course of learning, the noncorrection procedure was associated with a greater tendency to choose the majority stimulus than was the correction procedure, but this difference was not maintained. All Ss chose the majority stimulus less often than did rats despite the fact that the experimental procedure was based on that used in animal experiments. An interaction effect was found between age level and sex, such that the young women and the old men chose the majority stimulus more than the young men and old women, respectively. It was suggested that the results could imply an increase in rigidity and cautiousness with age in men and a decrease in these qualities with age in women. This suggestion was shown to be consistent with findings reported by other psychologists showing sex differences in personality change associated with aging.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1981
DOI: 10.1007/BF00993887
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1296
DOI: 10.1007/BF01794781
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-05-2010
DOI: 10.1108/13527601011038714
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes and consequences of job stress in Malaysia and make a comparison between Western and Eastern perspectives. A grounded theory approach was used to develop a lay representation of Malay people's descriptions of their experiences at work, including job stress. Interviews were conducted with 48 employees in Malaysia, using six semi‐structured interview questions adopted from Kinman and Jones and translated into the Malay language, as a guide. Although most respondents perceived that in idual factors play an important role in work stress, organizational factors seemed to be the dominant factor identified that contributes to work stress. Respondents also perceived the in idual as key to stress reduction rather than management interventions. A new concept emerged in this study that was related to external factors impinging on work (such as globalization). Organizations should formulate strategies to prevent job stress among employees. They must also be alert to the impact of external factors that are now common in the Malay workplace. Research of job stress in employees in Eastern cultures is rare. The paper provides in‐depth preliminary research which will lead to further investigations of job stress in Eastern workplace settings.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2013.06.036
Abstract: This study involved a multi-level analysis of factors related to self-reported suicidality (both current and life-time) in adolescents A s le of 2552 students aged 14-16 years answered questions relating to demographics, social and familial functioning, psychological well-being and suicidality. Suicidality, defined as being at least some element of reported suicide ideation, Behaviourally, suicidality was also more likely if students smoked, drank alcohol without adult supervision or if they took illicit drugs was more likely in girls, and in those with poorer social, family and psychological functioning. Behaviourally, suicidality was also more likely if students smoked, drank alcohol or took illicit drugs. Multi-level modelling showed that negative affect, substance use and the presence of romantic relationships were most strongly associated with suicidality. Both current and life-time measures of suicidality showed similar results. Both models suggested that the presence of substance use in teenagers is a potentially useful indicator of elevated suicide risk and that many of the social problems commonly associated with suicidality are likely to be mediated by negative affective states. The study had several limitations. First, it was cross-sectional so it was not possible to examine how variables measured at one time predicted subsequent suicidality. Second, the present analyses were based on a single measure of suicidality that did not differentiate between ideation and attempts. Thus, the analyses did not indicate the severity of the suicidality: whether it involved ideation or actual attempts. Adolescent girls and adolescents with poor social and family functioning and those who engage in substance use are at risk of suicidal ideation (a known precursor of suicide attempts). School counsellors and teachers need to be aware of the risks.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.2597
Abstract: Employing the social-exchange theoretical framework, we examined the effect of employees' awareness of stress-reduction interventions on their levels of psychological strain, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, perceptions of senior management trustworthiness and procedural justice. We present longitudinal panel data from 869 employees who completed questionnaires at two time points at 13 Australian universities. Our results show that employees who reported an awareness of stress-reduction interventions undertaken at their university scored lower on psychological strain and higher on job satisfaction and commitment than those who were unaware of the interventions. The results suggest that simply the awareness of stress interventions can be linked to positive employee outcomes. The study further revealed that senior management trustworthiness and procedural justice mediate the relationship between awareness and employee outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1997
Abstract: This study has tried to compare the earning and non-earning aspects of migrant workers from West Bengal engaged in different types of work in Karnataka and Kerala based on survey of 111 Bengali-speaking migrant workers and a number of in-depth interviews and FGDs. The study has found that most of the migrant workers landed in south India only after working in Kolkata, northern or western Indian cities. Lack of regular employment opportunities and low-wage rate in rural as well as urban West Bengal are the dominant reasons for their migration. Hostile social environment and increasing earning uncertainties in northern and western Indian cities along with higher-wage rate in south India are reasons for the migrant workers shifting to south India. On an average, they earn Rs. 1.7 lakhs annually and are able to send almost two-thirds of their earnings as remittances. Except the rag pickers in Bengaluru, all other migrant workers live without their families at destination locations. The living conditions of the migrant workers, especially the rag pickers, are poor. Continuous inflow of migrant workers from eastern and north-eastern India is now a challenge for the incumbent Bengali migrant workers in south India however, majority of them are not willing to return to West Bengal in future. The pandemic and successive rounds of lockdown in destination and home states have unsettled their lives. Not only their income has fallen, getting job and movement across different destination locations has become uncertain too. They have now hardly any resource to cope up with this continuing uncertainty.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1987
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1980
DOI: 10.1080/00221309.1980.9711754
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that sensory reinforcement in a causally structured environment can sustain relatively high levels of responding. In order to test the hypothesis that control of the environment has motivating/reinforcing properties, an experiment was conducted in which rats (N = 112) could exert control passively though withholding a response, as well as actively, and could maintain the status quo, as well as produce a change. It was found that rats did exert control passively, as well as activity, and did withhold responding to preserve the status quo, as well as to produce a sensory change.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1980
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-07-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2017.1342594
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to extend the external validity of an earlier longitudinal study of school leavers by including participants from a representative s le of secondary schools. Questionnaires were administered annually to a s le of South Australian school leavers over a 10-year period. At Time 1 participants were in the last compulsory year of high school aged around 15 years and at Time 10 they were aged around 25 years. Results confirmed those from an earlier longitudinal study showing that the transition from school to satisfactory employment was associated with significant improvements in psychological well-being, whereas transition from school to unemployment or unsatisfactory employment showed no change in psychological well-being. The current findings extended the external validity of the earlier study because whereas participants in the earlier study were s led from co-educational metropolitan public high schools, the current study included participants from every kind of high school: single sex as well as co-educational, rural as well as metropolitan, and private as well as public.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2015
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.2517
Abstract: We examined the effects of awareness of stress-reduction interventions on employee well-being and work attitudes using a mixed methods design. Cross-sectional data are presented from 247 employees who completed questionnaires in 2004 at one Australian university. Analyses indicated that employees, who reported that interventions had been undertaken, scored higher on job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, perceived procedural justice and trust in senior management than those who were not aware of the measures, although they did not differ in psychological strain. Details of the stress-reduction interventions implemented by the Occupational Health and Safety department at the university are also reported. Thematic analyses of the perceived causes of both decreases and increases in stress for employees showed that staff reported workload and staffing pressures as key sources of increases in stress. On the other hand, new supervisors and/or management were identified as sources of decreased stress. Areas for consideration in future efforts to develop and refine stress interventions are also discussed.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2014
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-02-2010
DOI: 10.1108/13527601011016899
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of both directions of work‐family conflict (WFC), work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW) in an Eastern culture. Findings are compared with those of 14 other Western studies and the relationships among WIF, FIW and job, family, community and life satisfaction are explored. This study is conducted in Malaysia, a country with Islam as the official religion. Data are obtained from 506 employees in three public and three private sector organizations. Questionnaires are distributed via human resource managers. Results show that similar to Western studies, WIF scores are higher than FIW scores. Malaysians are significantly lower on WIF than Westerners. Nevertheless, Malaysians score significantly higher on FIW than all Western s les. Within the Malaysian s le, FIW also has a stronger negative relationship with all facets of satisfaction and WIF has a positive relationship with family satisfaction. Cross‐sectional data are presented which could result in common method bias. Organizations can assist in minimizing WIF and FIW by providing family‐friendly policies and parenting related programmes. The importance of family in an in idual's life in Eastern cultures is different than in Western cultures. Therefore multi‐national companies operating in Eastern settings would be well‐advised to take cultural aspects such as collectivism into consideration. The study provides insights into Eastern experiences of WIF and FIW compared with Western experiences. The study expands previous studies by measuring both directions of WFC and employing a heterogeneous s le (e.g. not just female, those married, those with children).
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1966
DOI: 10.1080/14640746608400006
Abstract: In a two-choice situation with event-probabilities of 0.67 and 0.33, recency effects were studied as a function of (a) event-dependence and (b) fore-knowledge of event-probabilities. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Belief in some kind of event-dependence is a necessary condition for the occurrence of negative recency (2) Foreknowledge of the event-probabilities does not affect recency phenomena (3) The behaviour of subjects in the two-choice situation, is less irrational than some writers have claimed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1976
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 30-11-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-02-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2013.822343
Abstract: This is one of the first reported studies to have reviewed the role of work-family conflict in university employees, both academic and nonacademic. The goal of this research was to examine the role of work-family conflict as a mediator of relationships between features of the work environment and worker well-being and organizational outcomes. A s le of 3,326 Australian university workers responded to an online survey. Work-family conflict added substantially to the explained variance in physical symptoms and psychological strain after taking account of job demands and control, and to a lesser extent to the variance in job performance. However, it had no extra impact on organizational commitment, which was most strongly predicted by job autonomy. Despite differing in workloads and work-family conflict, academic ("faculty") and nonacademic staff demonstrated similar predictors of worker and organizational outcomes. Results suggest two pathways through which management policies may be effective in improving worker well-being and productivity: improving job autonomy has mainly direct effects, while reducing job demands is mediated by consequent reductions in work-family conflict.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.1080/08870449408407493
Abstract: This study investigated gender differences in the correlates of actual and perceived body weight in a s le of young adults, as opposed to the college students usually s led. Although women were significantly less overweight than men on an objective index of weight (the Body Mass Index). they perceived themselves to be significantly more overweight. The extent to which women perceived themselves as overweight was correlated negatively with self-esteem, and positively with negative affect including depressed mood, and minor psychiatric symptomology. In contrast, there was no relationship between body-weight perception and psychological well-being for the men. It was concluded that a woman's body weight is much more central to her self-image than is a man's.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1991
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2010
No related grants have been discovered for Anthony Winefield.