ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4472-4372
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Physical Chemistry of Materials | Colloid and Surface Chemistry | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Cellular Interactions (incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall) |
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Metals (e.g. Composites, Coatings, Bonding)
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-04-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-09-2022
Abstract: Nanomaterials have the potential to transform biological and biomedical research, with applications ranging from drug delivery and diagnostics to targeted interference of specific biological processes. Most existing research is aimed at developing nanomaterials for specific tasks such as enhanced biocellular internalization. However, fundamental aspects of the interactions between nanomaterials and biological systems, in particular, membranes, remain poorly understood. In this study, we provide detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction and evolution of one of the most common synthetic nanomaterials in contact with model phospholipid membranes. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we elucidate the precise mechanisms by which citrate-capped 5 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) interact with supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of pure fluid (DOPC) and pure gel-phase (DPPC) phospholipids. On fluid-phase DOPC membranes, the AuNPs adsorb and are progressively internalized as the citrate capping of the NPs is displaced by the surrounding lipids. AuNPs also interact with gel-phase DPPC membranes where they partially embed into the outer leaflet, locally disturbing the lipid organization. In both systems, the AuNPs cause holistic perturbations throughout the bilayers. AFM shows that the lateral diffusion of the particles is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of the lipid molecules, which creates some temporary scarring of the membrane surface. Our results reveal how functionalized AuNPs interact with differing biological membranes with mechanisms that could also have implications for cooperative membrane effects with other molecules.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2018.10.059
Abstract: The interface between water and a textured hydrophobic surface can exist in two regimes either the Wenzel (surface-engulfed) or Cassie-Baxter (water-suspended) state. Better understanding of the influence of pattern geometry and spacing is crucial for the design of functional (super)hydrophobic surfaces, as inspired by numerous ex les in nature. In this work, we have employed litude modulated - atomic force microscopy to visualize the air-water interface with an unprecedented degree of clarity on a superhydrophobic and a highly hydrophobic nanostructured surface. The images obtained provide the first real-time experimental visualization of the Cassie-Baxter wetting on the surface of biomimetic silicon nanopillars and a naturally superhydrophobic cicada wing. For both surfaces, the air-water interface was found to be remarkably well-defined, revealing a distinctly nanostructured air-water interface in the interstitial spacing. The degree of interfacial texture differed as a function of surface geometry. These results reveal that the air-water interface is heterogeneous in its structure and confirmed the presence of short-range interfacial ordering. Additionally, the overpressure values for each point on the interface were calculated, quantifying the difference in wetting behavior for the biomimetic and natural surface. Results suggest that highly-ordered, closely spaced nanofeatures facilitate robust Cassie-Baxter wetting states and therefore, can enhance the stability of (super)hydrophobic surfaces.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2023
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are a widely investigated class of solvents for scientific and industrial applications due to their desirable and “tunable” properties. The IL–solid interface is a complex entity, and despite intensive investigation, its true nature remains elusive. The understanding of the IL–solid interface has evolved over the last decade from a simple 1D double layer, to a 2D ordered interface, and finally a liquid‐specific, complex 3D ordered liquid interface. However, most studies depend solely on one technique, which often only examine one aspect of the interfacial nanostructure. Here, a holistic study of the protic IL–solid interface is presented, which provides a more detailed picture of IL interfacial solvation. The 3D nanostructure of the ethylammonium nitrate (EAN)–mica interface is investigated using a combination of 1D, 2D, and 3D litude modulated‐atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Importantly, it is found that the EAN–mica interface is more complex than previously reported, possessing surface‐adsorbed, near‐surface, surface‐normal, and lateral heterogeneity, which propagates at relatively large distances from the solid substrate. The work presented in this study meaningfully enhances the understanding of the IL–solid interface.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA01379K
Abstract: An electrocatalyst with trace vanadium alloyed with liquid metal reduces CO 2 directly into solid carbon.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0NR05617K
Abstract: The heterogeneity of fungal biofilms are spatially characterized using a combination of AFM, nanoindentation, and ATR-FTIR.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JVH.13202
Abstract: Routine antenatal screening for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) in countries with high migrant populations provides an opportunity to monitor trends in HBV prevalence and can inform estimates locally and in countries with limited seroprevalence data. We linked perinatal birth register records with HBV notifications in the largest Australian state, over the period 2000-2016. Among women aged 15-44 years, we estimated age-standardized chronic HBV prevalence overall and by country of birth and also estimated trends in age-standardized HBV prevalence over time using regression modelling. Among 903 831 women, 8001 linked to a chronic HBV infection record (overall age-standardized prevalence 0.76%, 95% CI: 0.74-0.78). Prevalence varied by country of birth with the highest estimates among women born in Sierra Leone (11.13%, 95% CI: 8.29-13.96), Taiwan (8.08%, 95% CI: 6.74%-9.43%), Cambodia (7.47%, 95% CI: 6.50%-8.45%) and Vietnam (7.36%, 95% CI: 6.97%-7.75%) more moderate estimates among women from North Korea (2.76%, 95% CI: 1.99-3.53) and Samoa (2.64%, 95% CI: 1.99%-3.29%) prevalence was 0.18% (95% CI: 0.17-0.19) in Australian-born women. Over 17 years, there were significant reductions in HBV prevalence among all women (from 0.88% in 2000 to 0.57% in 2016 P < .0001). Among women from high prevalence countries, the greatest absolute reductions were observed among those from Taiwan (10.1%, P < .001) followed by Tonga (5.4%, P < .001), whereas no reductions were observed for women born in Vietnam (P = .08), South Korea (P = .41) and Sudan (P = .06). In conclusion, routine antenatal HBV testing can be used to inform HBV prevalence estimates and vaccine programme impact in countries with limited surveillance and high migration to Australia.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-02-2018
Abstract: Additive manufacturing using selective laser melted titanium (SLM-Ti) is used to create bespoke items across many erse fields such as medicine, defense, and aerospace. Despite great progress in orthopedic implant applications, such as for "just in time" implants, significant challenges remain with regards to material osseointegration and the susceptibility to bacterial colonization on the implant. Here, we show that polycrystalline diamond coatings on these titanium s les can enhance biological scaffold interaction improving medical implant applicability. The highly conformable coating exhibited excellent bonding to the substrate. Relative to uncoated SLM-Ti, the diamond coated s les showed enhanced mammalian cell growth, enriched apatite deposition, and reduced microbial S. aureus activity. These results open new opportunities for novel coatings on SLM-Ti devices in general and especially show promise for improved biomedical implants.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-11-2019
Abstract: The resistance of pathogenic bacteria toward traditional biocidal treatment methods is a growing concern in various settings, including that of water treatment and in the medical industry. As such, advanced antibacterial technologies are needed to prevent infections, against which current antibiotics are failing. This study introduces copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) doped in graphene oxide (GO) as a potential pathogenic bacterial treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the GO-CuONP hybridized material against pathogenic
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-09-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2BM01701F
Abstract: Schematic illustration of the elasticity of MONs-HA that regulates in vitro cellular uptake, in vivo blood circulation, and tumor accumulation.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 24-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/CMI.13030
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4NR01219D
Abstract: In situ litude modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) and quantum chemical simulations are used to resolve the structure of the highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)-bulk propylammonium nitrate (PAN) interface with resolution comparable with that achieved for frozen ionic liquid (IL) monolayers using STM. This is the first time that (a) molecular resolution images of bulk IL-solid interfaces have been achieved, (b) the lateral structure of the IL graphite interface has been imaged for any IL, (c) AM-AFM has elucidated molecular level structure immersed in a viscous liquid and (d) it has been demonstrated that the IL structure at solid surfaces is a consequence of both thermodynamic and kinetic effects. The lateral structure of the PAN-graphite interface is highly ordered and consists of remarkably well-defined domains of a rhomboidal superstructure composed of propylammonium cations preferentially aligned along two of the three directions in the underlying graphite lattice. The nanostructure is primarily determined by the cation. Van der Waals interactions between the propylammonium chains and the surface mean that the cation is enriched in the surface layer, and is much less mobile than the anion. The presence of a heterogeneous lateral structure at an ionic liquid-solid interface has wide ranging ramifications for ionic liquid applications, including lubrication, capacitive charge storage and electrodeposition.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CP04542B
Abstract: Flexible crystals are an emerging class of material with unique properties and a range of potential applications.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 26-05-2020
Abstract: The bactericidal action delivered by rigid nanopillar arrays stems from the mechanical rupture of the bacterial cell membrane however, the precise mechanism may be unique to the in idual nanopillar geometries. In this study, we demonstrate that the bactericidal action of highly ordered, high-aspect-ratio nanopillar arrays may be associated with the relative flexibility of the in idual nanopillars and the mechanical energy stored within the nanopillars. We propose that the lateral stretching of the cell membrane and interactions at the cell edge are induced by elastic pillar deformations that occur during bacterial adhesion. The results obtained in this study provide insight into a previously unknown category of mechano-bactericidal mechanism, highlighting another facet to the mechano-bactericidal action of nanostructured surfaces.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2NR01135B
Abstract: Gas-liquid reaction phenomena on liquid-metal solvents can be used to form intriguing 2D materials with large lateral dimensions, where the free energies of formation determine the final product. A vast selection of elements can be incorporated into the liquid metal-based nanostructures, offering a versatile platform for fabricating novel optoelectronic devices. While conventional doping techniques of semiconductors present several challenges for 2D materials. Liquid metals provide a facile route for obtaining doped 2D semiconductors. In this work, we successfully demonstrate that the doping of 2D SnS can be realized in a glove box containing a diluted H
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC42844C
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-08-2019
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIZ821
Abstract: Despite recommendations that older adults receive acellular pertussis vaccines, data on direct effectiveness in adults aged over 50 years are sparse. A case-control study nested within an adult cohort. Cases were identified from linked pertussis notifications and each matched to 3 controls on age, sex, and cohort recruitment date. Cases and controls were invited to complete a questionnaire, with verification of vaccination status by their primary care provider. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for reported contact with children and area of residence. Of 1112 notified cases in the cohort, we had complete data for 333 cases and 506 controls. Among 172 PCR-diagnosed cases (mean age, 61 years), 11.2% versus 19.5% of controls had provider-verified pertussis vaccination, on average, 3.2 years earlier. Adjusted VE against PCR-diagnosed pertussis was 52% (95% CI, 15–73%), nonsignificantly higher if vaccinated within 2 years (63% −5–87%). Adjusted VE was similar in adults born before 1950, presumed primed by natural infection (51% −8–77%) versus those born 1950 or later who may have received whole-cell pertussis vaccine (53% −11–80%) (P-heterogeneity = 0.9). Among 156 cases identified by single-point serology, adjusted VE was −55% (−177–13%). We found modest protection against PCR-confirmed pertussis among older adults (mean age, 61 years range, 46–81 years) within 5 years after acellular vaccine. The most likely explanation for the markedly ergent VE estimate from cases identified by single-titer serology is misclassification arising from limited diagnostic specificity in our setting.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 26-09-2017
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.28673
Abstract: The study of antigenic targets of naturally-acquired immunity is essential to identify and prioritize antigens for further functional characterization. We measured total IgG antibodies to 38 P. vivax antigens, investigating their relationship with prospective risk of malaria in a cohort of 1–3 years old Papua New Guinean children. Using simulated annealing algorithms, the potential protective efficacy of antibodies to multiple antigen-combinations, and the antibody thresholds associated with protection were investigated for the first time. High antibody levels to multiple known and newly identified proteins were strongly associated with protection (IRR 0.44–0.74, p .001–0.041). Among five-antigen combinations with the strongest protective effect ( %), EBP, DBPII, RBP1a, CyRPA, and PVX_081550 were most frequently identified several of them requiring very low antibody levels to show a protective association. These data identify in idual antigens that should be prioritized for further functional testing and establish a clear path to testing a multicomponent P. vivax vaccine.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2017.07.021
Abstract: The scientific and industrial interest in antimicrobial surfaces has significantly increased in recent times. This interest is largely in response to the persistent microbial contamination of industrial and, importantly, medical implant surfaces. Bacterial contamination of implant surfaces often leads to infection at the implant-tissue interface, and with the prevalence of increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance, the treatment of these infections is becoming far more challenging. Recently, many naturally occurring, high-aspect-ratio surface topographies have been discovered that exhibit high levels of biocidal efficacy. These include epicuticular lipid nano-architectures that are formed on the surfaces of insect wings, such as cicadae and dragonflies. The antimicrobial activity of such surfaces has been found to be a consequence of the physical interactions between the nanoscale topography of the substrate and the attaching pathogenic cells, meaning that the activity is independent of biochemical surface functionality. Importantly, these desirable surface properties can be translated to synthetic biomimetic surfaces, which, when mimicked, lead to a substantial increase in the antimicrobial properties of such surfaces. This paper reviews the recent advances in understanding the basis of these mechanical antimicrobial mechanisms, and discusses the progress being made towards the fabrication of optimised, biocompatible, synthetic analogues.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2022
Abstract: Liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as novel materials for biomedical applications. Here, the interactions taking place between cells and LMs are reported, presenting a unique opportunity to explore and understand the LM‐biological interface. Several high‐resolution imaging techniques are used to characterize the interaction between droplets of gallium LM and bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells. Adhesive interactions between cells and LM droplets are observed, causing deformation of the LM droplet surface, resulting in surface wrinkling and in some cases, breakage of the native oxide layer present on the LM droplet surface. In many instances, the cell wall deforms to intimately contact the LM droplets. Single‐cell force spectroscopy is performed to quantify the adhesion forces between cells and LM and characterize the nature of the adhesion. It is proposed that the flexible nature of the cell enables multiple adhesion sites with the LM droplets, imparting tensile forces on the LM droplet surface, which results in surface wrinkling on the LM droplets due to their liquid nature. Molecular dynamics simulations also suggest that flexible biomolecules on the cell surface can disrupt the Ga 2 O 3 layer formed at the LM droplet surface. This study reveals a unique biointerfacial interaction and provides insights into the mechanisms involved.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BIOM12091293
Abstract: The environmental control of microbial pathogens currently relies on compounds that do not exert long-lasting activity on surfaces, are impaired by soil, and contribute to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. This study presents the scientific development and characterization of GS-2, a novel, water-soluble ammonium carboxylate salt of capric acid and L-arginine that demonstrates activity against a range of bacteria (particularly Gram-negative bacteria), fungi, and viruses. In real-world surface testing, GS-2 was more effective than a benzalkonium chloride disinfectant at reducing the bacterial load on common touch-point surfaces in a high-traffic building (average 1.6 vs. 32.6 CFUs recovered from surfaces 90 min after application, respectively). Toxicology testing in rats confirmed GS-2 ingredients were rapidly cleared and posed no toxicities to humans or animals. To enhance the time-kill against Gram-positive bacteria, GS-2 was compounded at a specific ratio with a naturally occurring monoterpenoid, thymol, to produce a water-based antimicrobial solution. This GS-2 with thymol formulation could generate a bactericidal effect after five minutes of exposure and a viricidal effect after 10 min of exposure. Further testing of the GS-2 and thymol combination on glass slides demonstrated that the compound retained bactericidal activity for up to 60 days. Based on these results, GS-2 and GS-2 with thymol represent a novel antimicrobial solution that may have significant utility in the long-term reduction of environmental microbial pathogens in a variety of settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-23278-7
Abstract: A major health concern of the 21 st century is the rise of multi-drug resistant pathogenic microbial species. Recent technological advancements have led to considerable opportunities for low-dimensional materials (LDMs) as potential next-generation antimicrobials. LDMs have demonstrated antimicrobial behaviour towards a variety of pathogenic bacterial and fungal cells, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review provides a critical assessment of current LDMs that have exhibited antimicrobial behaviour and their mechanism of action. Future design considerations and constraints in deploying LDMs for antimicrobial applications are discussed. It is envisioned that this review will guide future design parameters for LDM-based antimicrobial applications.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3CP44163F
Abstract: The structure of solid-ionic liquid (IL) interfaces has been characterised with unprecedented clarity by employing a range of atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging techniques and tip pressures appropriate for the system under study. Soft contact and litude-modulation (AM) AFM imaging have been used to elucidate the lateral structure of ILs adsorbed onto mica, and in the near surface ion layers. Data is presented for ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro-methylsulfonyl)imide (EMIm TFSI). Whereas EAN is a protic IL that forms a nanostructured sponge phase in the bulk, EMIm TFSI is aprotic and has weak (or absent) bulk association structure. Comparison of results obtained for the two liquids elucidates how the strength of bulk liquid morphology effects lateral organisation at the surface, and any effect of IL class, i.e. protic versus aprotic. Imaging reveals EAN self assembles at the solid surface in a worm-like morphology, whereas EMIm cations adsorb in a more isolated fashion, but still in rows templated by the mica surface. To the authors' knowledge, the wormlike structures present at the EAN-mica interface are the smallest self-assembled aggregates ever imaged on a solid surface.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-08-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-06-2015
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are attractive solvents for devices such as lithium ion batteries and capacitors, but their uptake is limited, partially because their Stern layer nanostructure is poorly understood compared to molecular solvents. Here, in situ litude-modulated atomic force microscopy has been used to reveal the Stern layer nanostructure of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIm TFSI)-HOPG (highly ordered pyrolytic graphite) interface with molecular resolution. The effect of applied surface potential and added 0.1 wt/wt % Li TFSI or EMIm Cl on ion arrangements is probed between ±1 V. For pure EMIm TFSI at open-circuit potential, well-defined rows are present on the surface formed by an anion-cation-cation-anion (A-C-C-A) unit cell adsorbed with like ions adjacent. As the surface potential is changed, the relative concentrations of cations and anions in the Stern layer respond, and markedly different lateral ion arrangements ensue. The changes in Stern layer structure at positive and negative potentials are not symmetrical due to the different surface affinities and packing constraints of cations and anions. For potentials outside ±0.4 V, images are featureless because the compositional variation within the layer is too small for the AFM tip to detect. This suggests that the Stern layer is highly enriched in either cations or anions (depending on the potential) oriented upright to the surface plane. When Li(+) or Cl(-) is present, some Stern layer ionic liquid cations or anions (respectively) are displaced, producing starkly different structures. The Stern layer structures elucidated here significantly enhance our understanding of the ionic liquid electrical double layer.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA06379G
Abstract: Mitigation of the health hazards caused by Pb is necessary. A liquid metal-based synthesis method delivers unit-cell-thick layers of PbO with comparable piezoelectric response and band gap to PZT thick films while posing reduced toxicity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2021
Abstract: The introduction of trace impurities within the doping processes of semiconductors is still a technological challenge for the electronics industries. By taking advantage of the selective enrichment of liquid metal interfaces, and harvesting the doped metal oxide semiconductor layers, the complexity of the process can be mitigated and a high degree of control over the outcomes can be achieved. Here, a mechanism of natural filtering for the preparation of doped 2D semiconducting sheets based on the different migration tendencies of metallic elements in the bulk competing for enriching the interfaces is proposed. As a model, liquid metal alloys with different weight ratios of Sn and Bi in the bulk are employed for harvesting Bi 2 O 3 ‐doped SnO nanosheets. In this model, Sn shows a much stronger tendency than Bi to occupy surface sites of the Bi–Sn alloys, even at the very high concentrations of Bi in the bulk. This provides the opportunity for creating SnO 2D sheets with tightly controlled Bi 2 O 3 dopants. By way of ex le, it is demonstrated how such nanosheets could be made selective to both reducing and oxidizing environmental gases. The process demonstrated here offers significant opportunities for future synthesis and fabrication processes in the electronics industries.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2024
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0DT04364H
Abstract: The emerging field of liquid metal facilitated 2D material synthesis is reviewed in this perspective. Design strategies that utilise Cabrera–Mott oxidation to grow 2D nanosheets are explored, and the potential new application fields are highlighted.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1TB02575A
Abstract: Black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes have shown high antimicrobial activity. The interaction of microbial cells and black phosphorus nanoflakes was investigated using microscopic techniques and synchrotron source ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2020
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 07-09-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/FOODS8050164
Abstract: There is no doubt that the current knowledge in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, and mathematics have led to advances in our understanding about food and food systems. However, the so-called reductionist approach has dominated food research, hindering new developments and innovation in the field. In the last three decades, food science has moved into the digital and technological era, inducing several challenges resulting from the use of modern instrumental techniques, computing and algorithms incorporated to the exploration, mining, and description of data derived from this complexity. In this environment, food scientists need to be mindful of the issues (advantages and disadvantages) involved in the routine applications of chemometrics. The objective of this opinion paper is to give an overview of the key issues associated with the implementation of chemometrics in food research and development. Please note that specifics about the different methodologies and techniques are beyond the scope of this review.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TB01655A
Abstract: Broad-spectrum treatment of monoculture and mixed species biofilms using magnetically actuated, liquid metal particles.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4SC02727B
Abstract: In situ litude modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to resolve the 3-dimensional nanostructure of five protic ILs at and near the surface of mica.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-01-2023
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 08-06-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.06.447285
Abstract: Encapsulins, self-assembling icosahedral protein nanocages derived from prokaryotes, represent a versatile set of tools for nanobiotechnology. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying encapsulin self-assembly, disassembly, and reassembly is lacking. Here, we characterise the disassembly/reassembly properties of three encapsulin nanocages that possess different structural architectures: T = 1 (24 nm), T = 3 (32 nm), and T = 4 (42 nm). Using spectroscopic techniques and electron microscopy, encapsulin architectures were found to exhibit varying sensitivities to the denaturant guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), extreme pH, and elevated temperature. While all encapsulins showed the capacity to reassemble following GuHCl-induced disassembly (within 75 min), only the smallest T = 1 nanocage reassembled after disassembly in basic pH (within 15 min). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed that all encapsulins showed a significant loss of structural integrity after undergoing sequential disassembly/reassembly steps. These findings provide insights into encapsulins’ disassembly/reassembly dynamics, thus informing their future design, modification, and application.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 2020
Abstract: Microbial contamination remains a significant issue for many industrial, commercial, and medical applications. For instance, microbial surface contamination is detrimental to numerous aspects of food production, infection transfer, and even marine applications. As such, intense scientific interest has focused on improving the antimicrobial properties of surface coatings via both chemical and physical routes. However, there is a lack of synthetic coatings that possess long-term microbiocidal performance. In this study, silver nanoparticle cluster coatings were developed on copper surfaces via an ion-exchange and reduction reaction, followed by a silanization step. The durability of the microbiocidal activity for these develped surfaces was tested against pathogenic bacterial and fungal species, specifically Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Candida auris, over periods of 1- and 7-days. It was observed that more than 90% of E. coli and C. auris were found to be non-viable following the extended exposure times. This facile material fabrication presents as a new surface design for the production of durable microbicidal coatings which can be applied to numerous applications.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01389G
Abstract: Chemometrics is used to analyse complex, multivariate data for environmental monitoring.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-10-2019
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 28-02-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1TC01937F
Abstract: Liquid metal chemistry offers a new pathway towards the creation of functional 2D metal oxysulfides.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-10-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JINF.2022.10.028
Abstract: Evidence on the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing antibiotic prescriptions for influenza-like illness (ILI) in adults is limited. A primary care-based case-control study was conducted to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-like illness (ILI) and antibiotic prescribing for ILI in adults aged ≥40 years. Cases were patients diagnosed with ILI from 1 The number of ILI cases varied from 558 in 2018 to 2901 in 2017 and controls from 86618 in 2015 to 136763 in 2017. Over 4 years the pooled estimate of VE was 24% (95%CI, 11% to 34%) against ILI and 15% (95%CI, -3% to 29%) against antibiotic prescription for ILI. Influenza vaccine was effective in reducing ILI with an associated antibiotic prescriptions in patients aged <65 years (VE=23%, 95%CI, 3% to 38%) and if no comorbidities were recorded (VE=22%, 95%CI, 1% to 39%) but not in other subgroups. Influenza vaccine reduced the likelihood of antibiotic prescriptions for ILI in low-risk adults (40-64 years and those without comorbidities).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-02-2017
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2TB00573E
Abstract: A deep eutectic solvent is an effective cryoprotective agent for several human cell lines.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-06-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES26133890
Abstract: Biofilms are assemblages of microbial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and other components extracted from the environment in which they develop. Within biofilms, the spatial distribution of these components can vary. Here we present a fundamental characterization study to show differences between biofilms formed by Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast-type Candida albicans using synchrotron macro attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We were able to characterise the pathogenic biofilms’ heterogeneous distribution, which is challenging to do using traditional techniques. Multivariate analyses revealed that the polysaccharides area (1200–950 cm−1) accounted for the most significant variance between biofilm s les, and other spectral regions corresponding to amides, lipids, and polysaccharides all contributed to s le variation. In general, this study will advance our understanding of microbial biofilms and serve as a model for future research on how to use synchrotron source ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy to analyse their variations and spatial arrangements.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22041965
Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases have risen globally in recent years, and early detection of the host’s gut microbiota, typically through fecal material, has become a crucial component for rapid diagnosis of such diseases. Human fecal material is a complex substance composed of undigested macromolecules and particles, and the processing of such matter is a challenge due to the unstable nature of its products and the complexity of the matrix. The identification of these products can be used as an indication for present and future diseases however, many researchers focus on one variable or marker looking for specific biomarkers of disease. Therefore, the combination of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics can give a detailed and complete insight into the gut environment. The proper s le collection, s le preparation and accurate analytical methods play a crucial role in generating precise microbial data and hypotheses in gut microbiome research, as well as multivariate data analysis in determining the gut microbiome functionality in regard to diseases. This review summarizes fecal s le protocols involved in profiling coeliac disease.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/BIOPHYSICA3020021
Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) are highly tailorable solvents that have shown a lot of promise for a variety of applications including cryopreservation, drug delivery, and protein stabilisation. However, to date, there is very limited information on the detailed interactions of these solvents with mammalian cells. In this work, we studied six DESs and one IL that show promise as cryoprotective agents, applying synchrotron macro–ATR–FTIR to examine their effects on key biochemical components of HaCat mammalian cells. These data were paired with resazurin metabolic assays and neutron reflectivity experiments to correlate cellular interactions with cellular toxicity. Stark differences were observed even between solvents that shared similar components. In particular, it was found that solvents that are effective cryoprotective agents consistently showed interactions with cellular membranes, while high toxicity correlated with strong interactions of the DES/IL with nucleic acids and proteins. This work sheds new light on the interactions between novel solvents and cells that may underpin future biomedical applications.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1CS01166A
Abstract: The surfaces of liquid metals can serve as a platform to synthesise two-dimensional materials. By exploiting the self-limiting Cabrera-Mott oxidation reaction that takes place at the surface of liquid metals exposed to ambient air, an ultrathin oxide layer can be synthesised and isolated. Several synthesis approaches based on this phenomenon have been developed in recent years, resulting in a erse family of functional 2D materials that covers a significant fraction of the periodic table. These straightforward and inherently scalable techniques may enable the fabrication of novel devices and thus harbour significant application potential. This review provides a brief introduction to liquid metals and their alloys, followed by detailed guidance on each developed synthesis technique, post-growth processing methods, integration processes, as well as potential applications of the developed materials.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5NR05833C
Abstract: Mica has been employed in many studies of ionic liquid (IL) interfaces on account of its atomic smoothness and well defined surface properties. However, until now it has been unclear whether ions dissolved in ILs can compete with the IL cation and adsorb to mica charge sites. In this work litude modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to probe metal ion adsorption at the interface of mica with propylammonium nitrate (PAN), a room temperature IL. Lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium nitrate salts were added to PAN at a concentration of ∼60 mM. Aluminum nitrate was also investigated, but only at 5 mM because its solubility in PAN is much lower. The AM-AFM images obtained when the metal ions were present are strikingly different to that of pure PAN, indicating that the ions compete effectively with the propylammonium cation and adsorb to negatively charged sites on the mica surface despite their much lower concentration. This is a consequence of electrostatic attractions between the mica charge sites and the metal ions being significantly stronger than for the propylammonium cation compared to the metal ions the propylammonium charged group is relatively constrained sterically. A distinct honeycomb pattern is noted for the PAN + Al(3+) system, less obviously for the alent ions and not at all for monovalent ions. This difference is attributed to the strength of electrostatic interactions between metal ions and mica charge sites increasing with the ion charge, which means that alent and (particularly) trivalent ions are located more precisely above the charged sites of the mica lattice. The images obtained allow important distinctions between metal ion adsorption at mica-water and mica-PAN interfaces to be made.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-08-2019
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8AN01488D
Abstract: The testing and rapid detection of pathogenic organisms is a crucial protocol in the prevention and identification of crises related to health, safety and wellbeing.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/PPE.12976
Abstract: Administrative health data has been used extensively to examine congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the accuracy and completeness of these data must be assessed. To use data linkage of multiple administrative data sources to examine the validity of identifying CHD cases recorded in hospital discharge data. We identified all liveborn infants born 2013–2017 in New South Wales, Australia with a CHD diagnosis up to age one, recorded in hospital discharge data. Using record linkage to multiple data sources, the diagnosis of CHD was compared with five reference standards: (i) multiple hospital admissions containing CHD diagnosis (ii) receiving a cardiac procedure (iii) CHD diagnosis in the Register of Congenital Conditions (iv) cardiac‐related outpatient health service recorded and/or (v) cardiac‐related cause of death. Positive predictive values (PPV) comparing CHD diagnosis with the reference standards were estimated by CHD severity and for specific phenotypes. Of 485,239 liveborn infants, there were 4043 infants with a CHD diagnosis identified in hospital discharge data (8.3 per 1000 live births). The PPV for any CHD identified in any of the five methods was 62.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.9, 64.8), with PPV higher for severe CHD at 94.1% (95% CI 88.2, 100). Infant characteristics associated with higher PPVs included lower birthweight, presence of a syndrome or non‐cardiac congenital anomaly, born to mothers aged years and residing in disadvantaged areas. Using data linkage of multiple datasets is a novel and cost‐effective method to examine the validity of CHD diagnoses recorded in one dataset. These results can be incorporated into bias analyses in future studies of CHD.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 26-05-2020
Abstract: The bactericidal action delivered by rigid nanopillar arrays stems from the mechanical rupture of the bacterial cell membrane however, the precise mechanism may be unique to the in idual nanopillar geometries. In this study, we demonstrate that the bactericidal action of highly ordered, high-aspect-ratio nanopillar arrays may be associated with the relative flexibility of the in idual nanopillars and the mechanical energy stored within the nanopillars. We propose that the lateral stretching of the cell membrane and interactions at the cell edge are induced by elastic pillar deformations that occur during bacterial adhesion. The results obtained in this study provide insight into a previously unknown category of mechano-bactericidal mechanism, highlighting another facet to the mechano-bactericidal action of nanostructured surfaces.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-04-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-12-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-17296-0
Abstract: The predicted strong piezoelectricity for monolayers of group IV monochalcogenides, together with their inherent flexibility, makes them likely candidates for developing flexible nanogenerators. Within this group, SnS is a potential choice for such nanogenerators due to its favourable semiconducting properties. To date, access to large-area and highly crystalline monolayer SnS has been challenging due to the presence of strong inter-layer interactions by the lone-pair electrons of S. Here we report single crystal across-the-plane and large-area monolayer SnS synthesis using a liquid metal-based technique. The characterisations confirm the formation of atomically thin SnS with a remarkable carrier mobility of ~35 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and piezoelectric coefficient of ~26 pm V −1 . Piezoelectric nanogenerators fabricated using the SnS monolayers demonstrate a peak output voltage of ~150 mV at 0.7% strain. The stable and flexible monolayer SnS can be implemented into a variety of systems for efficient energy harvesting.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8NA00124C
Abstract: Bactericidal interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells with multi-directional gold nanospikes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/IJFS.14367
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0CC01456G
Abstract: The library of two-dimensional materials is limited since many transition metal compounds are not stratified and can thus not be easily isolated as nanosheets. Liquid metal-based synthesis provides a new approach to overcome this limitation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-02-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-12-2019
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.8B11483
Abstract: We report the synthesis of centimeter sized ultrathin GaN and InN. The synthesis relies on the ammonolysis of liquid metal derived two-dimensional (2D) oxide sheets that were squeeze-transferred onto desired substrates. Wurtzite GaN nanosheets featured typical thicknesses of 1.3 nm, an optical bandgap of 3.5 eV and a carrier mobility of 21.5 cm
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3PY00399J
Abstract: Two new poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)- b -poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) were prepared to investigate the relationship between total degree of polymerisation and heat-induced CDSA kinetics to prepare length-controlled biocompatible rod-shaped nanoparticles.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-09-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-05-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04786B
Abstract: In situ litude modulated-atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to probe the nanostructure of mixtures of propylammonium nitrate (PAN) with n -alkanols near a mica surface.
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 10-09-2020
DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200454
Abstract: Immunotherapy has been successful in treating many tumour types. The development of additional tumour-antigen binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will help expand the range of immunotherapeutic targets. Lewis histo-blood group and related glycans are overexpressed on many carcinomas, including those of the colon, lung, breast, prostate and ovary, and can therefore be selectively targeted by mAbs. Here we examine the molecular and structural basis for recognition of extended Lea and Lex containing glycans by a chimeric mAb. Both the murine (FG88.2) IgG3 and a chimeric (ch88.2) IgG1 mAb variants showed reactivity to colorectal cancer cells leading to significantly reduced cell viability. We determined the X-ray structure of the unliganded ch88.2 fragment antigen-binding (Fab) containing two Fabs in the unit cell. A combination of molecular docking, glycan grafting and molecular dynamics simulations predicts two distinct subsites for recognition of Lea and Lex trisaccharides. While light chain residues were exclusively used for Lea binding, recognition of Lex involved both light and heavy chain residues. An extended groove is predicted to accommodate the Lea–Lex hexasaccharide with adjoining subsites for each trisaccharide. The molecular and structural details of the ch88.2 mAb presented here provide insight into its cross-reactivity for various Lea and Lex containing glycans. Furthermore, the predicted interactions with extended epitopes likely explains the selectivity of this antibody for targeting Lewis-positive tumours.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-06-2019
Abstract: Additively manufactured selective laser melted titanium (SLM-Ti) opens the possibility of tailored medical implants for patients. Despite orthopedic implant advancements, significant problems remain with regard to suboptimal osseointegration at the interface between the implant and the surrounding tissue. Here, we show that applying a nanodiamond (ND) coating onto SLM-Ti scaffolds provides an improved surface for mammalian cell growth while inhibiting colonization of
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2019.03.022
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus-like particles (VLPs) are being developed as a quadrivalent vaccine candidate, eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses in animal trials. Biophysical, biomechanical and biochemical properties are important for virus and VLP interactions with host cells and recognition by the immune system. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for visualizing surface topographies of cells, bionanoparticles and biomolecules, and for determining biophysical and biomechanical attributes such as size and elasticity. In this work, AFM was used to define morphological and nanomechanical properties of VLPs representing four common genotypes of hepatitis C virus. Significant differences in size of the VLPs were observed, and particles demonstrated a wide range of elasticity. Ordered packing of the core and potentially envelope glycoproteins was observed on the surfaces of the VLPs, but detailed structural characterization was hindered due to intrinsic dynamic fluctuations or AFM probe-induced damage of the VLPs. All VLPs were shown to be glycosylated in a manner similar to native viral particles. Together, the results presented in this study further our understanding of the nanostructure of hepatitis C VLPs, and should influence their uptake as viable vaccine candidates.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 06-07-2021
DOI: 10.1071/CH21078
Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are tuneable solvents with attractive properties for numerous applications. Their structure–property relationships are still under investigation, especially at the solid–liquid interface. Moreover, the influence of water on interfacial nanostructure must be understood for process optimization. Here, we employ a combination of atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the lateral and surface-normal nanostructure of the DES choline chloride:glycerol at the mica interface with different concentrations of water. For the neat DES system, the lateral nanostructure is driven by polar interactions. The surface adsorbed layer forms a distinct rhomboidal symmetry, with a repeat spacing of ~0.9 nm, comprising all DES species. The adsorbed nanostructure remains largely unchanged in 75 mol-% DES compared with pure DES, but at 50 mol-%, the structure is broken and there is a compromise between the native DES and pure water structure. By 25 mol-% DES, the water species dominates the adsorbed liquid layer, leaving very few DES species aggregates at the interface. In contrast, the near-surface surface-normal nanostructure, over a depth of ~3 nm from the surface, remains relatively unchanged down to 25 mol-% DES where the liquid arrangement changed. These results demonstrate not only the significant influence that water has on liquid nanostructure, but also show that there is an asymmetric effect whereby water disrupts the nanostructure to a greater degree closer to the surface. This work provides insight into the complex interactions between DES and water and may enhance their optimization for surface-based applications.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 29-12-2016
Abstract: Plasmodium vivax is responsible for the most widely distributed recurring human malaria infections whereas Plasmodium falciparum inflicts the most mortality and morbidity in human populations. Malaria parasites enter our blood cells by making proteins that recognize and bind to their cognate receptors on the red blood cell surface. Our research describes, to our knowledge, the first crystal structure of PvRBP2a, an erythrocyte-binding protein from P. vivax, which revealed a structural scaffold similar to that of PfRh5, the essential erythrocyte-binding protein in P. falciparum . Structural comparisons between PvRBP2a and PfRh5 provide an important foundation toward understanding how P. vivax and P. falciparum parasites use a homologous erythrocyte-binding protein family to engage alternate erythrocyte receptors and ultimately govern host cell specificity.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/CROPS2040024
Abstract: Protected cropping produces more food per land area than field-grown crops. Protected cropping includes low-tech polytunnels utilizing protective coverings, medium-tech facilities with some environmental control, and high-tech facilities such as fully automated glasshouses and indoor vertical farms. High crop productivity and quality are maintained by using environmental control systems and advanced precision phenotyping sensor technologies that were first developed for broadacre agricultural and can now be utilized for protected-cropping applications. This paper reviews the state of the global protected-cropping industry and current precision phenotyping methodology and technology that is used or can be used to advance crop productivity and quality in a protected growth environment. This review assesses various sensor technologies that can monitor and maintain microclimate parameters, as well as be used to assess plant productivity and produce quality. The adoption of precision phenotyping technologies is required for sustaining future food security and enhancing nutritional quality.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3TB00554B
Abstract: Phytantriol forms a Pn 3 m cubic phase in both water and neat choline chloride:urea. However, mixtures of the DES with water result in phytantriol forming an inverse hexagonal phase and influenced phase transition temperatures.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-01-2020
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of biofilm-related infections challenging. As such, the quest for next-generation antimicrobial technologies must focus on targeted therapies to which pathogenic bacteria cannot develop resistance. Stimuli-responsive therapies represent an alternative technological focus due to their capability of delivering targeted treatment. This study provides a proof-of-concept investigation into the use of magneto-responsive gallium-based liquid metal (LM) droplets as antibacterial materials, which can physically damage, disintegrate, and kill pathogens within a mature biofilm. Once exposed to a low-intensity rotating magnetic field, the LM droplets become physically actuated and transform their shape, developing sharp edges. When placed in contact with a bacterial biofilm, the movement of the particles resulting from the magnetic field, coupled with the presence of nanosharp edges, physically ruptures the bacterial cells and the dense biofilm matrix is broken down. The antibacterial efficacy of the magnetically activated LM particles was assessed against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms. After 90 min over 99% of both bacterial species became nonviable, and the destruction of the biofilms was observed. These results will impact the design of next-generation, LM-based biofilm treatments.
Start Date: 09-2022
End Date: 08-2025
Amount: $450,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2022
End Date: 07-2025
Amount: $422,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity