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0000-0002-4419-0016
Current Organisations
Technical University of Denmark
,
University of South Australia
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Publications
The epidemiology of headaches among patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S10194-020-1074-0
Abstract: Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head or neck that causes disability in most people with medical and neurological disorders. It frequently co-occurs with most chronic diseases such as epilepsy and significantly impacts the quality of life. However, epidemiologic data from different studies showed different rates of prevalence. Therefore, we conducted this review to summarize the available epidemiologic evidence on the topic and formulate recommendations for future research and clinical practice. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched the literature using popular databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Psych-INFO, and SCOPUS. We further scanned the reference lists of the eligible studies to supplement our electronic search. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 (CMA 3.0) was used to conduct a meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed and Cochran’s Q- and the I 2 - test were used to assess the source of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression tests were used to assess potential publication bias. A total of 17 studies conducted both in developed and developing countries including 5564 study participants were combined in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimated prevalence of headache among patients with epilepsy was 48.4%. The pooled estimated prevalence of Inter-Ictal headache (IIH) (42.2%) and Postictal headache (PIH) (43.1%) were higher when compared to tension-type headache (TTH) (26.2%), migraine with aura (26.0%) and migraine without aura (10.4%). The pooled prevalence of headache was 50.6% and 49.5% for developed and developing countries respectively. The pooled prevalence of headache among patients with epilepsy was considerably higher among females (63.0%) when compared to males (33.3%). Moreover, the pooled estimated prevalence of headache among patients with epilepsy was ranging from 46.0% to 52.2% in a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. The pooled estimated prevalence of headache among patients with epilepsy was considerably high (48.4%). Screening and appropriate management of headaches among patients with epilepsy are warranted.
Prevalence of depression among women with obstetric fistula in low-income African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2020
Generation of Multiple Jet Capillaries in Advanced Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Large-Scale Plasma Jets
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2023
Progress in biomass fast pyrolysis: An outlook of modern experimental approaches
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Self-medication practice among pregnant women in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: An institutionally based cross-sectional study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
PTSD among road traffic accident survivors in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Determinants of Maternal Satisfaction with Existing Delivery Care at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 25-09-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6403123
Abstract: Background . Assessing maternal satisfaction on delivery service has significant public health importance to measure the quality of maternal and child care services in a country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to further investigate the determinants of maternal satisfaction on delivery service provided at the Woliata Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods . An institutionally based cross-sectional study was employed at the Wolaita Sodo University Hospital, Ethiopia. All mothers who gave birth between March and May 2018 were included in the study. Data were collected through using a pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. A P value of .05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result . A total of 398 delivered mothers were included in the study. The rate of maternal satisfaction on existing delivery care was found to be 67.3%. Being less educated ( AOR = 5.06 , [2.22-11.53]), primigravida ( AOR = 3.59 , [1.17-11.04]), planned and wanted pregnancy ( AOR = 2.74 , [1.21-6.18]), having antenatal care follow-up for current pregnancy ( AOR = 4.48 , [2.04-9.83]), ever used family planning service ( AOR = 3.83 , [1.95-67.52]), labor duration of less than 6 hours ( AOR = 5.96 , [2.61-13.57]), and spontaneous vaginal delivery ( AOR = 2.82 , [1.07-7.42]) were factors significantly associated with maternal satisfaction. Conclusion . In this study setting, maternal satisfaction was lower compared to other studies. Unreserved effort should be considered for future interventions.
Associations between endometriosis and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a population-based cohort study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00404-023-07002-Y
Abstract: To examine the association between endometriosis and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes (preecl sia, placenta previa, and preterm birth). A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 468,778 eligible women who contributed 912,747 singleton livebirths between 1980 and 2015 in Western Australia (WA). We used probabilistically linked perinatal and hospital separation data from the WA data linkage system’s Midwives Notification System and Hospital Morbidity Data Collection databases. We used a doubly robust estimator by combining the inverse probability weighting with the outcome regression model to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There were 19,476 singleton livebirths among 8874 women diagnosed with endometriosis. Using a doubly robust estimator, we found pregnancies in women with endometriosis to be associated with an increased risk of preecl sia with RR of 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.26, placenta previa (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.42–1.79) and preterm birth (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37–1.54). The observed association persisted after stratified by the use of Medically Assisted Reproduction, with a slightly elevated risk among pregnancies conceived spontaneously. In this large population-based cohort, endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of preecl sia, placenta previa, and preterm birth, independent of the use of Medically Assisted Reproduction. This may help to enhance future obstetric care among this population.
Knowledge and practice on adequate sunlight exposure of infants among mothers attending EPI unit of Aleta Wondo Health Center, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2019
Navigating Copper-Atom-Pair Structural Effect inside a Porous Organic Polymer Cavity for Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-01-2021
Depressive Symptoms among Patients with Epilepsy Attending Adare General Hospital, Hawassa Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Study
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2018
Alcohol use disorder and associated factors among individuals living with HIV in Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a facility based cross- sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2019
Techno-economical Modeling and Simulations for Redox Flow Batteries
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 19-10-2021
The effect of prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring preterm birth: a cumulative meta-analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.16072
Abstract: Mixed results have been reported on the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. This study aimed to examine the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature on the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Psych‐INFO and Web of Science. The revised version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. Inverse variance weighted random‐effects cumulative meta‐analysis was undertaken to pool adjusted odds ratios (aOR) after sequential inclusion of each newly published study over time. The OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits required (stability threshold) for a new study to move the cumulative odds ratio to the null were also computed. A total of 27 observational studies published between 1986 and 2022 were included in the final cumulative meta‐analysis. The s le size of the studies ranged from 304 to 4.83 million births. Prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (pooled aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24–1.48). The stability threshold was 0.74 (95% CI limit = 0.81) by the end of 2022. Offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with higher risk of preterm birth, which warrants public health messages to avoid such exposure, particularly during pregnancy.
Post-concussion syndrome among patients experiencing head injury attending emergency department of Hawassa University Comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2018
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Correlates Among People Living with HIV in Southern Ethiopia, an Institutionally Based Cross-Sectional Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2020
Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures and the risk of anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: A population-based cohort study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2022.114466
Abstract: Epidemiological studies have linked prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures to internalizing behaviours in children and adolescents with inconsistent findings. Dearth of epidemiological studies have investigated the associations with the risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood. Study participants (N = 1190) were from the Raine Study, a population-based prospective birth cohort based in Perth, Western Australia. Data on prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures were available for the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood at age 20 years was measured by a short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21). Relative risk (RR) of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood for prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures were estimated with log binomial regression. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed increased risks of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adults exposed to prenatal tobacco in the first trimester [RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.06, p-value < 0.01] and third trimester [RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10-2.13, p-value = 0.02]. However, we found insufficient statistical evidence for an association between first trimester [RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.76-1.22, p-value = 0.90] and third trimester [RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80-1.34, p-value = 0.91] prenatal exposure to alcohol and the risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adults. There was a dose response association between prenatal tobacco exposure and increasing anxiety symptoms in offspring. The findings of this study suggest that an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and risk of anxiety symptoms remains apparent into young adulthood.
An improved drought-fire assessment for managing fire risks in tropical peatlands
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-34240-6
Abstract: Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.
Carbon dioxide capture over amine functionalized styrene divinylbenzene copolymer: An experimental batch and continuous studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Perovskite materials as photocatalysts: Current status and future perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2021
Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-08-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043531
Abstract: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-021-01498-0
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Average treatment effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring developmental vulnerability in early childhood
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Depression among Prisoners: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-11-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3695209
Abstract: Background. Prison populations tend to be marginalized and disadvantaged of the rights and freedoms that other people in the community benefit from. Their separation from families, a narrow room and lack of privacy in the prison, violence between prisoners, and the uncertainty about the future result in psychological distress, for ex le, depression. The review has synthesized previous studies conducted on the topic and summarized to formulate recommendations for future prison health care services. Methods. We systematically searched the databases: PubMed, Psych Info, and SCOPUS, as well as manual Google Scholar searches, were conducted to retrieve published literature globally. We have included observational studies, written in English language. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD42020156108. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was conducted, and heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using Q and the I 2 -test. Publication bias was assessed by inspection of the funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. Result. A total of 1313 studies were initially identified through the electronic database among these, a total of 73 full-text articles were retrieved for further appraisal. Further, 32 full-text articles were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of depression among prisoners was 36.9% (95% CI 27.3-47.6). The pooled prevalence of depression among prisoners in the developing and developed countries was 39.2% and 33.1%, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of depression was 19.1% and 54% for the studies that used diagnostic and screen tools to diagnose or screen depression, respectively. A leave-one-out analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression among prisoners was not dependent on a single study removal or addition. Thus, the pooled prevalence of depression ranges between 35.3 and 38.0%. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression among prisoners was high. Therefore, regular and continuous screening of depressive symptoms for prisoners along with its appropriate management is highly recommended.
Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-04-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043494
Abstract: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
Patterns of road traffic injury and potential consequences among patients visiting Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2019
1371Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic synthesis of meta-analyses of epidemiological studies
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2021
Abstract: We conducted the first umbrella review of meta-analyses on the association between in utero exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. We systematically searched for meta-analyses on criteria air pollutants (NO2, CO, O3, SO2, and PM2.5 and PM10) and adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, stillbirth, reduced birth weight, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age) from PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE/Ovid, EMBASE/Ovid, Web of Science, systematic reviews repositories, electronic grey literature, and references on 21st September 2020 with weekly alerts thereafter. We graded the overall direction and confidence of cause-and-effect as per our pre-specified protocol (Doi:10.3390/ijerph17228658). Sixteen (16) meta-analyses, pooling 192 unique primary studies with moderate (9.0%) overlap qualified for the final synthesis. Consistent positive associations were reported between whole pregnancy exposure to PM2.5/PM10 and birth weight reduction and between CO/SO2 and low birth weight and were graded as strong ( ++). There were less consistent associations between whole pregnancy PM2.5/NO2 exposures with PTB, and for all criteria pollutants with stillbirth, hence graded moderate (+). Evidence for associations with trimester specific exposures were also moderate (+). However, meta-analyses observed high heterogeneity, high imprecision, and lacked experimental studies. Consequently, taken together, the current observations indicate ‘probable evidence’ of causation. Current observations indicate ‘probable evidence’ of causation. Further studies with standardised designs would help elucidate reasons for heterogeneity of associations. In the absence of randomised controlled trials, the strong observational evidence for associations between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes warrants adoption of the precautionary principle.
Relapse and hospitalization in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder at the St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative quantitative cross-sectional study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S139075
Prevalence and determinants of gender-based violence among high school female students in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia: an institutionally based cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-020-08593-W
Abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) often occurs in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia. It could result in psychological and physical adverse outcomes such as stress, anxiety, depression, unsafe abortion, unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with gender-based violence among female high school students in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. An institutionally based-cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. A total of 604 female high school students were recruited through multi-stage stratified s ling techniques. The gender-based-violence assessment tool, validated by the World Health Organization, was used to assess gender-based-violence and other determinants. The strength of statistical association was measured by adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was declared at p -value 0.05. The lifetime prevalence of GBV, sexual violence, and physical violence were found to be 63.2, 37.2, and 56.3%, respectively. The prevalence of sexual violence before and after joining the current school as well as in the current academic year were 30.5, 37.2, and 22% respectively. Having regular boy-friends (AOR = 2.02 95% CI:1.07–3.79), being sexually active (AOR = 6.10 95% CI: 2.49–14.92), having female or male friends who drink alcohol (AOR = 2.18 95% CI:1.26–3.77), students witnessed their mothers being beaten by their partners or husband (AOR = 1.92 95% CI:1.19–3.11) and joining public school (AOR = 1.74 95% CI:1.11–2.76) were significantly associated with gender-based violence. The prevalence of gender-based-violence was high. This needs a due concern from governmental, non-governmental and civic organizations as well as other responsible bodies to tackle factors associated with GBV in this study. Further large scale studies incorporating male students are warranted to elucidate the factors associated with GBV in Ethiopia.
Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Facile access to bis(indolyl)methanes by copper-catalysed alkylation of indoles using alcohols under air
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41562-021-01108-6
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for ex le, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.
Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12916-022-02639-Z
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among adolescents in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2020
A tutorial on Bayesian multi-model linear regression with BAS and JASP
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2021
DOI: 10.3758/S13428-021-01552-2
Abstract: Linear regression analyses commonly involve two consecutive stages of statistical inquiry. In the first stage, a single ‘best’ model is defined by a specific selection of relevant predictors in the second stage, the regression coefficients of the winning model are used for prediction and for inference concerning the importance of the predictors. However, such second-stage inference ignores the model uncertainty from the first stage, resulting in overconfident parameter estimates that generalize poorly. These drawbacks can be overcome by model averaging, a technique that retains all models for inference, weighting each model’s contribution by its posterior probability. Although conceptually straightforward, model averaging is rarely used in applied research, possibly due to the lack of easily accessible software. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, we provide a tutorial on linear regression using Bayesian model averaging in , based on the BAS package in . Firstly, we provide theoretical background on linear regression, Bayesian inference, and Bayesian model averaging. Secondly, we demonstrate the method on an ex le data set from the World Happiness Report. Lastly, we discuss limitations of model averaging and directions for dealing with violations of model assumptions.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression among hospital admitted patients in South Ethiopia: cross sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2019
Tweaking Photo CO2 Reduction by Altering Lewis Acidic Sites in Metalated‐Porous Organic Polymer for Adjustable H2/CO Ratio in Syngas Production
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-10-2023
Singularly Perturbed Oscillators with Exponential Nonlinearities
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10884-021-10041-1
Abstract: Singular exponential nonlinearities of the form $$e^{h(x)\\epsilon ^{-1}}$$ e h ( x ) ϵ - 1 with $$\\epsilon $$ ϵ 0 small occur in many different applications. These terms have essential singularities for $$\\epsilon =0$$ ϵ = 0 leading to very different behaviour depending on the sign of h . In this paper, we consider two prototypical singularly perturbed oscillators with such exponential nonlinearities. We apply a suitable normalization for both systems such that the $$\\epsilon \\rightarrow 0$$ ϵ → 0 limit is a piecewise smooth system. The convergence to this nonsmooth system is exponential due to the nonlinearities we study. By working on the two model systems we use a blow-up approach to demonstrate that this exponential convergence can be harmless in some cases while in other scenarios it can lead to further degeneracies. For our second model system, we deal with such degeneracies due to exponentially small terms by extending the space dimension, following the approach in Kristiansen (Nonlinearity 30(5): 2138–2184, 2017), and prove—for both systems—existence of (unique) limit cycles by perturbing away from singular cycles having desirable hyperbolicity properties.
Prenatal exposure to maternal, but not paternal, tobacco smoking is associated with smoking in adolescence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Morbidity and mortality from road injuries: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-01-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043302
Abstract: The global burden of road injuries is known to follow complex geographical, temporal and demographic patterns. While health loss from road injuries is a major topic of global importance, there has been no recent comprehensive assessment that includes estimates for every age group, sex and country over recent years. We used results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study to report incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years for all locations in the GBD 2017 hierarchy from 1990 to 2017 for road injuries. Second, we measured mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we assessed the distribution of the natures of injury (eg, traumatic brain injury) that result from each road injury. Globally, 1 243 068 (95% uncertainty interval 1 191 889 to 1 276 940) people died from road injuries in 2017 out of 54 192 330 (47 381 583 to 61 645 891) new cases of road injuries. Age-standardised incidence rates of road injuries increased between 1990 and 2017, while mortality rates decreased. Regionally, age-standardised mortality rates decreased in all but two regions, South Asia and Southern Latin America, where rates did not change significantly. Nine of 21 GBD regions experienced significant increases in age-standardised incidence rates, while 10 experienced significant decreases and two experienced no significant change. While road injury mortality has improved in recent decades, there are worsening rates of incidence and significant geographical heterogeneity. These findings indicate that more research is needed to better understand how road injuries can be prevented.
Prenatal Tobacco Exposure and the Risk of Tobacco Smoking and Dependence in Offspring: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Depression among caregivers of cancer patients: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/PON.6045
Abstract: It is imperative to provide care for patients with terminal illnesses such as cancer, though it demands time, financial resources and other unmet needs. Subsequently, caregivers might be exposed to psychological stress and other mental health problems. Previous meta-analysis finding shows caregivers of cancer patient suffer from depression. During the past 4 years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of newly studies, and we therefore intended to update this finding and provide current global prevalence of depression among caregivers of Cancer patients. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHIL, Embase, and PsychINFO to identify peer-reviewed studies which reported the prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients using pre-defined eligibility criteria. Studies were pooled to estimate the global prevalence of depression using a random-effect meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I 2 statistics. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's regression tests were used to check for publication bias. Our search identified 4375 studies, of which 35 studies with 11,396 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In the current review, the pooled prevalence of depression among caregivers of Cancer patients was 42.08% (95% CI: 34.71-49.45). The pooled prevalence of depression was higher in the studies that used cross-sectional data (42%, 95% CI: 31-52) than longitudinal data (34%, 95% CI: 18-50). We also observed a higher rate of depression among female caregivers when compared to their male counterparts (57.6%) (95% CI: 29.5-81.5). Globally, around two in five cancer patient caregivers screened positive for depression, which needs due attention. Routine screening of depressive symptoms and providing psychosocial support for caregivers is crucial.
Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring subsequent alcohol use: A systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2022.109324
Abstract: Prenatal alcohol exposure has been found to be associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes in postnatal life, but the evidence is equivocal as to whether such exposure increases the risk of subsequent alcohol use in the offspring. We systematically reviewed the literature on the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and subsequent alcohol use in the offspring. Relevant primary studies were identified via systematic search of PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Psych-INFO databases. Articles were also retrieved by reviewing reference lists of the identified studies. Literature searches did not have language and date limits but were restricted to human studies. The revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. The protocol of this study was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO. Twelve observational studies, published between 1998 and 2020, were included in the final review. Eight studies (66.7%) reported an increased risk of alcohol use or increased level of alcohol drinking, two studies (16.7%) reported an increased risk of alcohol use disorder and one study (8.3%) reported an increased odds of alcohol sipping in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal alcohol use compared to non-exposed. However, one study (8.3%) reported insufficient statistical evidence for an association between prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring subsequent alcohol use. However, it should be noted that the large amount of variability across studies included in this review may limit more conclusive inference. The findings of this review suggest a positive link between prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring's subsequent alcohol use. However, further mechanistic studies that allow stronger causal inference are warranted to further elucidate specific causal pathways.
Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: An umbrella review of 36 systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119465
Abstract: Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses linked prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants to adverse birth outcomes with mixed findings, including results indicating positive, negative, and null associations across the pregnancy periods. The objective of this study was to systematically summarise systematic reviews and meta-analyses on air pollutants and birth outcomes to assess the overall epidemiological evidence. Systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses on the association between air pollutants (NO
Stressful life experience of the first married women in polygamous families in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: a qualitative study, 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40359-022-00753-4
Abstract: Polygamy is commonly referred to as the union of a man with multiple women or the practice of having more than one wife at a time. In Ethiopia, polygamy has practiced in all regions. In particular, the stress of polygamous family life predisposes mothers to psychological problems. Being a serious public health issue, the stressful experience among polygamous women was not known in Ethiopia. To explore a stressful life experience among first married polygamous women in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia, 2021. This study was conducted using a phenomenological study approach from February 20–30, 2021. A purposive s ling method was used and an in-depth interview was conducted. Data were collected from 13 first married women from polygamous. Three themes emerged from the study including reaction to polygamy, socio-economic challenges in polygamy, and bonds of families in polygamy families. The finding indicated that the status of life experience among first married women in a polygamous family was stressful. They experienced various degrees of psychological difficulties including anger, mistrustfulness, emotional distress, loneliness, emptiness, unhappiness, and lack of intimacy with their husbands. This study highlighted how polygamy is a complex issue and common practice in the Gedeo zone. There has to be a mechanism for serious follow-up to educate women properly. A long-lasting measure to empower women in the economy, social, political, and creating a level of consciousness to resist polygamy is important.
Epidemiology of Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-12-2010
Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Utilization among Wolaita Sodo University Students, Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Approach
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 17-12-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2415023
Abstract: Background. Youths have been facing different sexual and reproductive health problems such as HIV infections and unplanned pregnancies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess reproductive health services utilization and their associated factors among Wolaita Sodo University students in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. Methods. We conducted an institutionally-based mixed-method study among 759 regular undergraduate university students. Multistage random s ling and purposive s ling techniques have been used to recruit students for the quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A logistic regression model was used for quantitative data analysis, whereas thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. We used open-code software-assisted qualitative data analysis. The statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05. Results. We found that 378 (49.8%) (95% CI: 46.20–53.34) of respondents had utilized sexual and reproductive health services within the 12 months preceding the current survey. Being a first-year student (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01–2.46), having ever had sexual intercourse (AOR = 5.12, 95% CI: 3.31, 7.96), participating in peer-to-peer discussion (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02–2.02), and having ever had sexual transmitted infection syndrome (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI: 1.41–10.85) have increased the odds of using sexual and reproductive health services. Conclusion. Sexual and reproductive health services utilization among university students was inadequate and affected by several factors. Therefore, strengthening peer support networks and addressing the gap in services were highly recommended.
Acceptability, Feasibility and Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel, Personalised, Home-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Chronic Heart Failure (Active-at-Home-HF): a Pilot Study.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-019-0216-X
Abstract: Less than 10% of heart failure patients in the UK participate in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. The present pilot study evaluated feasibility, acceptability and physiological effects of a novel, personalised, home-based physical activity intervention in chronic heart failure. Twenty patients (68 ± 7 years old, 20% females) with stable chronic heart failure due to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (31 ± 8 %) participated in a single-group, pilot study assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week personalised home-based physical activity intervention aiming to increase daily number of steps by 2000 from baseline (Active-at-Home-HF). Patients completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with non-invasive gas exchange and haemodynamic measurements and quality of life questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Patients were supported weekly via telephone and average weekly step count data collected using pedometers. Forty-three patients were screened and 20 recruited into the study. Seventeen patients (85%) completed the intervention, and 15 (75%) achieved the target step count. Average step count per day increased significantly from baseline to 3 weeks by 2546 (5108 ± 3064 to 7654 ± 3849, P = 0.03, n = 17) and was maintained until week 12 (9022 ± 3942). Following completion of the intervention, no adverse events were recorded and quality of life improved by 4 points (26 ± 18 vs. 22 ± 19). Peak exercise stroke volume increased by 19% (127 ± 34 vs. 151 ± 34 m/beat, P = 0.05), while cardiac index increased by 12% (6.8 ± 1.5 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 L/min/m 2 , P = 0.19). Workload and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold also increased by 16% (49 ± 16 vs. 59 ± 14 watts, P = 0.01) and 10% (11.5 ± 2.9 vs. 12.8 ± 2.2 ml/kg/min, P = 0.39). The Active-at-Home-HF intervention is feasible, acceptable and effective for increasing physical activity in CHF. It may lead to improvements in quality of life, exercise tolerance and haemodynamic function. www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT0367727. Retrospectively registered on 17 September 2018.
Two-dimensional Based Hybrid Materials for Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 Into Hydrocarbon Fuels
Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry
Date: 12-08-2022
DOI: 10.1039/9781839165542-00270
Abstract: The rising level of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere drives researchers to look for promising techniques to convert CO2 into useful end products, such as fuel. The artificial conversion of CO2 using photocatalysts has gained significant attention in recent years. In particular, the photoreduction of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels appears to be a dual approach to tackle energy and environmental issues. This chapter first discusses the photocatalytic applications of 2D hybrid materials followed by the principles of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The preparations of several 2D materials such as graphene-based, graphitic carbon nitride-based (g-C3N4), transition metal-oxides (TMO), and transition metal-chalcogenide (TMC) photocatalysts are described. Graphene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) remained exceptional 2D materials because of their electronic and physicochemical properties. Further, the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuel and chemicals using a photoelectrochemical approach and using several nanosized 2D hybrid materials (i.e., 0D/2D, 1D/2D, and 2D/2D nanomaterials) is discussed. Moreover, the insights of CO2 to fuel conversion processes are elaborated using the density functional theory (DFT) tool which opens new avenues for designing more efficient photocatalysts for CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels.
Prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and the risk of cannabis use in offspring: Findings from a population-based cohort study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.NTT.2022.107064
Abstract: There is a paucity of prospective longitudinal studies examining the associations between maternal use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy and the risk of cannabis use in offspring. The aim of this study was to examine the association between prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and offspring cannabis use. Data were from the Raine Study, a longitudinal prospective birth cohort based in Western Australia. Cannabis use at 17 years of age was measured with a self-reported questionnaire developed to capture risky behaviors in adolescents. Associations between prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and the risk of cannabis use in offspring were examined using log-binomial regression models, computing relative risk (RR). We also computed the E-values (E) to estimate the extent of unmeasured confounding. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed increased risks of cannabis use in offspring exposed to first trimester prenatal alcohol use (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.75 E = 2.10, CI:1.40) and tobacco use (RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08-1.86 E = 2.19, CI:1.37) as well as third trimester prenatal alcohol use (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09-1.79 E = 2.13, CI:1.40) and tobacco use (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09-1.79 E = 2.21, CI:1.34]. We also noted dose-response associations in which risk estimates in offspring increased with the level of exposures to prenatal alcohol and tobacco use. These findings provide epidemiological evidence for effects of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures on offspring cannabis use. Although these results should be confirmed by other studies, the present study adds to the mounting evidence suggesting that women should be encouraged to abstain from alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy.
The risk of depressive symptoms in offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol and tobacco use: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1192/J.EURPSY.2022.667
Abstract: Evidence from epidemiological studies indicated that intrauterine exposure to alcohol and tobacco is linked with a number of adverse outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have linked prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures to offspring depressive symptoms with mixed results. The objective of this study was to examine the link between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and depressive symptoms in offspring. Using data from the Raine Study, a prospective multigenerational observational study, we examined the associations between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco use and the risk of depressive symptoms in offspring at age 17 years (N=1168). Depressive symptoms in offspring were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) for associations between exposures and outcome. To better investigate the role of potential confounders, risk factors were sequentially added as adjustment variables in separate models. After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms in offspring remained related to maternal alcohol use of six or more standard drinks per week during the first trimester of pregnancy [RR 1.59 (95% CI: 1.11-2.26)]. Further, the risk of depressive symptoms was 50% higher for offspring exposed to prenatal tobacco use when compared to non-exposed. The Associations did not appear to be mediated by the effects of prenatal alcohol and tobacco use on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early screening and prevention of these exposures could possibly reduce depressive symptoms in offspring. Moreover, future examinations such as Mendelian Randomization that allow a stronger causal inference is warranted. No significant relationships.
The Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-021-03286-1
Abstract: Evidence indicates that a significant proportion of women drink alcohol during pregnancy. Studies have also suggested that prenatal alcohol consumption was associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically summarize the available evidence on the epidemiology of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia and suggest evidence based recommendations for future clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis was followed the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant articles that assessed alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 was used to conduct a meta-analysis using the random-effect model. Cochran's Q- and I A total of 6361 pregnant women from fifteen primary studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia was found to be 14.1%. The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia was reported to be lower in the studies that used the standardized alcohol consumption assessment tools (9.4%) when compared to the studies that did not use standardized tools (17%). The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women ranged between 12.8% and 15.5% in leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. A considerable number of women in Ethiopia consume alcohol during pregnancy. Therefore, early identification and intervention strategies are highly recommended.
Ultrasonic-assisted oxidation of cellulose to oxalic acid over gold nanoparticles supported on iron-oxide
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC00433J
Abstract: We demonstrate a catalytic base-free strategy for the selective oxidation of microcrystalline cellulose to oxalic acid (OA) by combining low frequency ultrasound as an unconventional activation technique and Au/Fe 2 O 3 as a catalyst.
Awareness of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care, South Ethiopia
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2017
Policies, Techno-economic Analysis and Future Perspective of Green Diesel
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2022
The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among People Living with HIV/AIDS: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2020
The prevalence of depression among patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12991-020-00281-8
Abstract: Evidence has shown that the prevalence of depression is much higher among patients with tuberculosis (TB) and this, in turn, may adversely impact compliance with anti-TB medications. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively summarize epidemiologic evidence on the prevalence of depression among patients with TB and formulate a recommendation for future clinical practice as well as research. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this review. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Psych INFO to identify relevant studies that investigated the prevalence of depression among TB patients. We also supplemented our electronic search with manual searching to include all pertinent studies in the analysis. We used a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 (CMA 3.0) to conduct a meta-analysis. We conducted a subgroup and sensitivity analysis and Cochran’s Q - and the I 2 -statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. The evidence for the presence of publication bias was checked by using Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. We identified a total of 25 studies that included 4903 participants across seven countries. In our analysis, the pooled estimated prevalence of depression among TB patients was found to be 45.19% (95% CI 38.04–52.55). The prevalence was higher in MDR-TB 52.34% (95% CI 38.09–66.22) than non-MDR-TB 43.47% (95% CI 35.88–51.37) patients. We also found that the pooled prevalence of depression was higher among females 51.54% (95% CI 40.34–62.60) when compared to males 45.25% (95% CI 35.19–55.71). The pooled prevalence of depression was 45.45% as measured by HRDS, and it was 55.62%, 45.52%, and 38.36% as measured by BDI, HADS and PHQ-9, respectively. Our finding suggested that the pooled estimated prevalence of depression among tuberculosis patients was relatively high. Screening and management of depression among TB patients were warranted to alleviate suffering. Moreover, the integration of tuberculosis program with regular psychiatry services may substantially reduce the burden.
Health related quality of life and its association with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12955-022-01985-Z
Abstract: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are frequently confronted with severe social issues such as rejection, abandonment, criticism, and stigma. This would negatively affect their quality of life. Several studies have been conducted so far to assess factors affecting the health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. However, to our knowledge, there is no previous study that has summarized the results of the studies that investigated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among PLWHA in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of HRQOL and its association with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on ART in Ethiopia. A systematic search was carried out using several electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic), Google Scholar, Google, and a manual search of the literature on health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on ART. A Microsoft Excel data extraction sheet was used to extract pertinent data from an in idual study. To assess the heterogeneity of primary articles, the Cochrane Q test statistics and the I2 test were carried out, and a random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HRQOL. Out of the 493 articles reviewed, ten with a total of 3257 study participants were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HRQOL among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was 45.27%. We found that strong perceived social support was significantly associated with higher levels of subjectively perceived HRQOL. PLWHA who were on ART and had good social support were four times more likely to report higher HRQOL when compared to their counterparts [AOR = 4.01, 95% CI 3.07–5.23]. A substantial number of PLWHA had poor HRQOL in Ethiopia. Social support was significantly associated with HRQOL among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, it’s recommended to encourage suitable intervention at every follow-up visit, and psycho-social support is also warranted to improve the quality of life.
Magnetically recyclable CuFe2O4 catalyst for efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using indoles and alcohols under mild condition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Prenatal tobacco use and the risk of mood disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-09-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-020-01949-Y
Abstract: It is plausible that offspring born to mothers using tobacco during pregnancy may have increased risk of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorders) however, mixed results have been reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring. We systematically searched EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed and Psych-INFO for studies on mood disorders and prenatal tobacco use. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We estimated pooled relative risk (RR) with inverse variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. We performed leave-one-out analyses, and stratified analyses by a subgroup (depression and bipolar disorder). Potential publication bias was assessed by inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's test for regression asymmetry. This study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060037). Eight cohort and two case-control studies were included in the final meta-analysis. We found an increased pooled relative risk of mood disorders in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use RRs 1.43 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) compared to no prenatal tobacco use. Similarly, the pooled relative risks of bipolar and depressive disorders in offspring were 1.44, (95% CI 1.15-1.80) and 1.44, (95% CI 1.21-1.71), respectively. Moreover, the pooled estimated risk of mood disorders was not significantly attenuated in the studies that reported sibling comparison results [RR = 1.21 (95% CI 1.04-1.41)]. Taken together, there was strong evidence for a small (RR < 2) association between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring.
Strong Metal–Support Interaction for 2D Materials: Application in Noble Metal/TiB2 Heterointerfaces and their Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Formic Acid Dehydrogenation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-07-2021
Abstract: Strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) is a phenomenon commonly observed on heterogeneous catalysts. Here, direct evidence of SMSI between noble metal and 2D TiB 2 supports is reported. The temperature‐induced TiB 2 overlayers encapsulate the metal nanoparticles, resulting in core–shell nanostructures that are sintering‐resistant with metal loadings as high as 12.0 wt%. The TiO x ‐terminated TiB 2 surfaces are the active sites catalyzing the dehydrogenation of formic acid at room temperature. In contrast to the trade‐off between stability and activity in conventional SMSI, TiB 2 ‐based SMSI promotes catalytic activity and stability simultaneously. By optimizing the thickness and coverage of the overlayer, the Pt/TiB 2 catalyst displays an outstanding hydrogen productivity of 13.8 mmol g −1 cat h −1 in 10.0 m aqueous solution without any additive or pH adjustment, with .9% selectivity toward CO 2 and H 2 . Theoretical studies suggest that the TiB 2 overlayers are stabilized on different transition metals through an interplay between covalent and electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the computationally determined trends in metal–TiB 2 interactions are fully consistent with the experimental observations regarding the extent of SMSI on different transition metals. The present research introduces a new means to create thermally stable and catalytically active metal/support interfaces for scalable chemical and energy applications.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders among homeless people
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-040061
Abstract: To assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people. Original epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from in idual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran’s Q and the I 2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Forty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people ( years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people ( years of age) when compared with adults (25–50 years). This review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.
The epidemiology of tobacco use in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2022
Depression among pregnant women and associated factors in Hawassa city, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2019
Patterns of common skin infections among children living with HIV/AIDS in Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
Estimate of the prevalence of depression among older people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1192/J.EURPSY.2022.1665
Abstract: Among non-communicable diseases, depression is a leading cause of morbidity in elderly people with varying magnitude across countries. No systematic review and meta-analysis has yet examined the pooled prevalence of depression among elderly in Africa. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa. We have searched CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS and Psych-iNFO databases to identify observational studies which reported the prevalence of depression among the elderly. We used a random-effects model due to reported heterogeneity among the studies. The publication bias was examined by using egger’s test, visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots and adjusted using Trim and Fill analysis. We used Cochran’s Q and the I2-tests to measure heterogeneity across the studies. A total of 23 studies conducted in Africa were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis, representing a total of 14, 350 elderly population. The pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa was estimated to be 26.3% (95% Ci 22.2, 30.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression among the elderly in Africa was much higher (43.1%) in studies that used a screening tool to measure depression when compared to studies that used a diagnostic tool (24.2%). Also, the prevalence of depression among female elderly participant (43.10%) was higher than that of male elderly participant (30.90%). One in five elderly population in Africa were depressed. Timely and targeted screening of depression among the elderly and evidence-based interventions were highly recommended. No significant relationships.
Correction: Stressful life experience of the first married women in polygamous families in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: a qualitative study, 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2022
Predictors of mental distress among undergraduate health science students of Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12991-020-0258-Y
Abstract: Mental distress is a mental health problem which includes anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms. Mental health problems affect society as a whole and no group is immune to mental disorders however, students have significantly high level of mental distress than their community peers. The aim of the study is to assess magnitude of mental distress and its predictors among undergraduate health science students of Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 311 students. Simple random s ling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured self-administered questionnaire. Mental distress among students was assessed using SRQ-20, which is validated in Ethiopia. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mental distress among students. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance with P -value less than 0.05. A total of 309 study participants were interviewed with a response rate of 99.34%. Among the total respondents 105 (34%) of them were found to have mental distress. In multiple logistic regression analysis, poor social support (AOR = 5.28 95% CI (2.176–12.84) and current substances use (AOR = 12.83, 95% CI (7.13–23.13), were significant predictors of mental distress among respondents. The overall magnitude of mental distress among students was found to be high. Therefore, it is recommended that mental distress needs due attention and remedial action from policy-makers, college officials, non-governmental organizations, parents, students and other concerned bodies.
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0972-7
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Black Lion Specialized Hospital and Saint Paulo’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
gPROMS-driven modeling and simulation of fixed bed adsorption of heavy metals on a biosorbent: benchmarking and case study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2021
Determinants of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
Date: 02-09-2019
DOI: 10.18332/TID/110800
The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13011-019-0240-3
Abstract: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and associated with a greater risk of poor medication adherence, unsafe sexual behaviors as well as poor quality of life. To our knowledge, there is no previous systematic review and meta-analysis that reported the pooled prevalence estimate of AUD among PLWHA. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically review the available studies on the prevalence of AUD among PLWHA and forward possible recommendations for future clinical practice and research. PubMed, EMBASE, Psych INFO and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify the relevant studies. We have also scanned the reference lists of the eligible studies to supplement our electronic search. We used the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software versions 3.0 to conduct a meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed and Cochran’s Q- and the I 2 - test were employed to see the heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was explored by utilizing Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. A total of 25 studies with 25,154 participants across developed and developing countries were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence estimate of AUD among PLWHA was found to be 29.80% (95% CI 24.10–35.76). The prevalence of AUD was higher in males (26.90%) than female (13.37%) HIV patients. In this study, the pooled prevalence of AUD was considerably higher (31.52%) when measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as compared to Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (13.51%). In addition, the pooled prevalence of AUD was higher in the developed countries (42.09%) while lower for developing countries (24.52%). In the current study, the pooled prevalence estimates of AUD among PLWHA was considerably high (29.80%). Screening and appropriate management of AUD among PLWHA are recommended.
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among patients with HIV/AIDS in Hawassa, Ethiopia, cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2018
The epidemiology of alcohol consumption in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2019
Estimate of the prevalence of depression among older people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-06-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1932740
Abstract: The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa. We have searched CINAHIL, PubMed, SCOPUS and Psych-INFO databases to identify important observational studies which reported the prevalence of depression among the elderly. We used a random-effects model due to reported heterogeneity among the included studies. The publication bias was examined by using Egger's test, visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots and adjusted using Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill analysis. We have meta-analysed the pooled estimates of depression from primary studies by adjusting for publication bias. We used Cochran's Q and the I A total of 23 studies conducted in Africa were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis, representing a total of 14, 350 elderly population. The pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa was estimated to be 26.3% (95% CI 22.2, 30.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression among the elderly in Africa was much higher (43.1%) in studies that used a screening tool to measure depression when compared to studies that used a diagnostic tool (24.2%). Also, the prevalence of depression among female elderly participant (43.10%) was higher than that of male elderly participant (30.90%). One in five elderly population in Africa were depressed, which poses serious health concerns. Timely and targeted screening of depression among the elderly and evidence-based interventions were highly recommended.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Among Female Students at Assosa Techinical & Vocational Education Training School,Assosa, Ethiopia
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2017
Paternal Depression and Risk of Depression Among Offspring
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 16-08-2023
DOI: 10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2023.29159
Abstract: Existing epidemiological evidence is equivocal as to whether paternal depression poses a consequent risk of depression in offspring meta-analysis of findings can help inform preventative intervention efforts. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the association between paternal and offspring depression. Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between inception and December 2022. The review included all observational studies that investigated the association between paternal and offspring depression and 10 606 studies were initially identified. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were pooled using inverse variance weighted random effect meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. The main outcome of interest was offspring depression measured using recognized depression assessment tools. Sixteen observational studies published between 2002 and 2021 were included, with a combined s le of 7 153 723 father-child dyads. A meta-analysis of these studies showed that paternal depression was associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR, 1.42 95% CI, 1.17-1.71). The risk was higher among offspring exposed to paternal depressive disorders (OR, 1.65 95% CI, 1.28-2.12) than those exposed to depression as defined by a nonclinical symptom scale (OR, 1.12 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12-1.62) to 1.45 (95% CI, 1.18-1.78). Paternal depression was associated with subsequent offspring depression. This finding shows the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems and suggests that mental health interventions benefit not only the patient but also the family as a whole, including both parents.
Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated factors among students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1177/17455057221079443
Abstract: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological complaints among adolescent women. It has been associated with short-term absenteeism in school and has a negative impact on academic and daily activities. Therefore, the aim of the study was to show the evidence on the magnitude and correlates of dysmenorrhea in Ethiopia. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the literature from different databases such as PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library. We also used unpublished literature from Google, Google Scholar. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel data extraction format. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for data analysis. To assess the heterogeneity of the primary articles, the Cochrane Q test statistics and the I 2 test were carried out. Publication bias was inspected by funnel plot, and Egger’s test was performed to confirm the presence of publication bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors. A total of 12 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of dysmenorrhea among female students in Ethiopia is 71.69% (66.82%–76.56%). In our systematic review, among factors associated with dysmenorrhea, the family history of dysmenorrhea was frequently reported in included studies. Therefore, dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with a family history of dysmenorrhea (adjusted odds ratio = 4.69 (95% confidence interval: 2.80–7.85)). The pooled prevalence estimate of dysmenorrhea among students was much higher in Ethiopia. Health professionals and teachers should educate and support students to follow their menstrual cycle regularly in the event of irregular periods. There should be an awareness of the negative consequences of dysmenorrhea to reduce the physical and psychological stresses that affect women and their families.
The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: a scoping review of preparedness, impact and response
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJGH-2021-007179
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in both developed and developing nations alike. Africa has one of the weakest health systems globally, but there is limited evidence on how the region is prepared for, impacted by and responded to the pandemic. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL to search peer-reviewed articles and Google, Google Scholar and preprint sites for grey literature. The scoping review captured studies on either preparedness or impacts or responses associated with COVID-19 or covering one or more of the three topics and guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. The extracted information was documented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension checklist for scoping reviews. Finally, the resulting data were thematically analysed. Twenty-two eligible studies, of which 6 reported on health system preparedness, 19 described the impacts of COVID-19 on access to general and essential health services and 7 focused on responses taken by the healthcare systems were included. The main setbacks in health system preparation included lack of available health services needed for the pandemic, inadequate resources and equipment, and limited testing ability and surge capacity for COVID-19. Reduced flow of patients and missing scheduled appointments were among the most common impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health system responses identified in this review included the availability of telephone consultations, re-purposing of available services and establishment of isolation centres, and provisions of COVID-19 guidelines in some settings. The health systems in Africa were inadequately prepared for the pandemic, and its impact was substantial. Responses were slow and did not match the magnitude of the problem. Interventions that will improve and strengthen health system resilience and financing through local, national and global engagement should be prioritised.
Diabetic and Hypertensive Disorders Following Miscarriage: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-07-2022
Abstract: (1) Background: Miscarriages occur in approximately 15–25% of all pregnancies. There is limited evidence suggesting an association between history of miscarriage and the development of diabetic and hypertensive disorders in women. This systematic review aims to collate the existing literature and provide up to date epidemiological evidence on the topic. (2) Methods: We will search CINAHL Plus, Ovid/EMBASE, Ovid/MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using a combination of medical subject headings, keywords, and search terms, for relevant articles related to the association between miscarriage and the risk of diabetic and hypertensive disorders. Cross-sectional, case–control, nested case–control, case–cohort, and cohort studies published from inception to April 2022 will be included in the search strategy. Three reviewers will independently screen studies and the risk of bias will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Where the data permit, a meta-analysis will be conducted. (3) Results: The results of this systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. (4) Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review will instigate efforts to manage and prevent reproductive, cardiovascular, and metabolic health consequences associated with miscarriages.
Knowledge on HBV vaccine and vaccination status among health care workers of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorder among HIV patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Hawassa City, Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2019
Uptake of Immediate Postpartum LARCs and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-07-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1422094
Abstract: Background. Postpartum family planning is an effective strategy for reducing maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality by preventing unintended pregnancy and short interpregnancy intervals. Despite the paramount advantages of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), their uptake remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the uptake of immediate postpartum LARC methods and its associated factors among women who gave birth in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 eligible mothers who were in the immediate postpartum period. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire before their discharge from the hospital and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results. The uptake LARCs among immediate postpartum mothers was 25.4%. The most commonly reported reasons for not using LARC were preference to start contraception after six weeks of delivery (43.3%) and the need to use other methods of contraception (26%). Having unplanned birth (AOR: 1.97 95% CI: 1.04-3.71) and receiving family planning counselling on LARCs during the postpartum period (AOR: 21.1 95% CI: 6.49-68.66) were factors significantly associated with immediate postpartum LARC use. Conclusion. Low utilization of immediate postpartum LARC uptake was found in the current study setting. There was increased utilization of immediate postpartum LARC among mothers who received family planning counselling during the postpartum period. Therefore, strengthening family planning counselling during the immediate postpartum period is crucial to enhance postpartum LARC use.
Associations of prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring harmful alcohol use: findings from the Raine Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Experimental Validation and Computational Predictions Join Forces to Map Catalytic C–H Activation in Ferrocene Metalated Porous Organic Polymers
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-04-2023
Influence of preterm birth on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood developmental vulnerability: a causal mediation analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12519-023-00741-7
Abstract: Epidemiological studies examining the direct and indirect effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on offspring early childhood developmental vulnerability are lacking. Therefore, the aims of this study were to estimate the direct and indirect effects of GDM (through preterm birth) on early childhood developmental vulnerability. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and early childhood developmental vulnerability in children born in Western Australia (WA) using maternal, infant and birth records from the Midwives Notification, Hospitalizations, Developmental Anomalies, and the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) databases. We used two aggregated outcome measures: developmentally vulnerable on at least one AEDC domain (DV1) and developmentally vulnerable on at least two AEDC domains (DV2). Causal mediation analysis was applied to estimate the natural direct (NDE), indirect (NIE), and total (TE) effects as relative risks (RR). In the whole cohort ( n = 64,356), approximately 22% were classified as DV1 and 11% as DV2 on AEDC domains. Estimates of the natural direct effect suggested that children exposed to GDM were more likely to be classified as DV1 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10–1.31) and DV2 (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19–1.50) after adjusting for potential confounders. About 6% and 4% of the effect of GDM on early childhood developmental vulnerability was mediated by preterm birth for DV1 and DV2, respectively. Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus were more likely to be developmentally vulnerable in one or more AEDC domains. The biological mechanism for these associations is not well explained by mediation through preterm birth.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Problematic Internet Use among Ethiopian Undergraduate University Students in 2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 09-12-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6041607
Abstract: Background. Problematic Internet use is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behavior regarding computer use and Internet access which lead to impairment or distress. It has been found that the occurrence rate of problematic Internet use among university students ranges from 0.8% to 47.7%. Despite this, there are multiple challenges that relate to problematic Internet use, which remain underrecognized and largely ignored by stakeholders and are not well known, especially in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming to assess the prevalence of problematic Internet use and its associated factors among undergraduate students. Methods. Cross-sectional study was employed from May 1st to June 1st, 2019. A multistage s ling technique was used to get a total of 846 undergraduate students. Data were collected by using self-administered structured questionnaires of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. The collected data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 22 bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with problematic Internet use, and statistical significance was considered at P value .05. Results. For a total of 846 study participants, the response rate was 761 (90%) and the prevalence of problematic Internet use was 19.4%. Multiple logistic regression model revealed that being male [AOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.80, 6.41], depression [AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.40, 5.43], and khat or caffeinated drinks [AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.87] were significantly associated with problematic Internet use. Conclusion. This study revealed that there was high prevalence of problematic Internet use among Dilla University students and there were various factors associated with increased prevalence of problematic Internet use. Therefore, students need to be educated about the safe, valuable, and healthy practices of Internet use. Furthermore, it is better to counsel on substance use and its consequences to overcome the anticipated increase in problematic Internet use.
Epidemiology of depression among displaced people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2022.114493
Abstract: Displaced people are prone to develop mental health problems due to resettlement in new environments, traumatic events and forced migration. Depression is a mental health problem repeatedly observed among displaced people such as refugees, migrants, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Therefore, estimating the global pooled prevalence of depression as well as pinpointing its determinants may support policymakers and health care workers to mitigate the disease burden and improve the psychological well-being of displaced people. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHIL, Psych-INFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched for English written relevant observational studies conducted between 1984 and 2020. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity across studies was checked using the Q- and I Of the 4102 studies identified, 81 studies with an overall s le size of 53,458 were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression among displaced people was 26.4% (95% CI 22.2-31.1). Also, three in five IDPs, one in three refugees and asylum seekers and one in four migrants suffer from depression globally. Being female migrant [AOR: 2.46 95% CI: 1.79-3.13, I Overall, around 1 in 4 displaced people suffer from depression and exceed the prevalence of depression reported by community s les in different nations and demonstrate a need for culturally fitting and targeted responses from migrant/refugee host nations and their serving clinicians.
Suicidal ideation and attempts among people with severe mental disorder, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, comparative cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2018
Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use and the risk of depression in offspring at age of 17 years: findings from the Raine Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Prenatal tobacco exposure and the risk of conduct disorder symptoms in offspring at the age of 14 years: Findings from the Raine Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Determinants of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension among Mothers Attending Public Hospitals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: Findings from Unmatched Case-Control Study
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-10-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6947499
Abstract: Background. It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Evidence also suggests that pregnancy-induced hypertension may result in adverse maternal and child outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension among mothers attending antenatal and delivery services at public health hospitals in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutionally based unmatched case-control study was conducted at three public hospitals. A total of 283 study participants were recruited for this study. Cases were selected consecutively as they were being diagnosed for pregnancy-induced hypertension, and two controls were selected for each case. Data were collected via the face-to-face interview technique using a pretested questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictor variables and produced odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association. Results. The mean ± (SD) ages of cases and controls were 26.1 ± 5.4 and 26.1 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Being rural residents (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09–4.65), illiterate (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.20–8.08), having the history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 2.48–17.71), history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.05–9.38), and family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.73–11.45) were determinants that increased the odds of suffering from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. More importantly, eating vegetables and fruit reduces the odds of suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension by 77% (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06–0.79). Conclusion. Being rural residents, illiterate, having a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and history of kidney disease, as well as the family history of hypertension were identified determinates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study area. Furthermore, fruit and vegetable intakes were identified as protective factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention of this disorder are warranted to reduce adverse outcomes.
State-of-the-art practices to upgrade biomass fast pyrolysis derived bio-oil
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Elucidating the Mechanism of Large Phosphate Molecule Intercalation Through Graphene-Substrate Heterointerfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-10-2023
Selective and Stable CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Electronic Metal–Support Interaction upon Decomposition/Redeposition of MOF
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-06-2023
Abstract: The CO 2 electroreduction to fuels is a feasible approach to provide renewable energy sources. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental and theoretical investigations on various catalyst design strategies, such as electronic metal–support interaction, to improve the catalytic selectivity. Here a solvent‐free synthesis method is reported to prepare a copper (Cu)‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) as the precursor. Upon electrochemical CO 2 reduction in aqueous electrolyte, it undergoes in situ decomposition/redeposition processes to form abundant interfaces between Cu nanoparticles and amorphous carbon supports. This Cu/C catalyst favors the selective and stable production of CH 4 with a Faradaic efficiency of ≈55% at −1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for 12.5 h. The density functional theory calculation reveals the crucial role of interfacial sites between Cu and amorphous carbon support in stabilizing the key intermediates for CO 2 reduction to CH 4 . The adsorption of COOH* and CHO* at the Cu/C interface is up to 0.86 eV stronger than that on Cu(111), thus promoting the formation of CH 4 . Therefore, it is envisioned that the strategy of regulating electronic metal–support interaction can improve the selectivity and stability of catalyst toward a specific product upon electrochemical CO 2 reduction.
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0807-6
Abstract: A double burden of malnutrition occurs when in iduals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of % in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Problematic smartphone and social media use among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic: In the case of southern Ethiopia universities
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-01-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0280724
Abstract: Smartphone and social media use are supposed to be integral parts of university students’ daily lives. More specifically, smartphones and social media are frequently used for communication in daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, uninterrupted and persistent use of these technologies may lead to several psychological problems. Even though smartphones and social media were used more frequently during the pandemic, there is no evidence suggesting that the studies were not undertaken in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess problematic smartphone use and social media use among undergraduate university students in southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,232 university students using a simple random s ling technique. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale were used to collect data on social media and smartphone use, respectively. The Beck Depression Inventory, Generalized Anxiety Assessment Tool, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were standardized tools used to measure other independent variables. To identify factors, simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. The overall response rate was 95%. The mean scores for problematic smartphone and problematic social media use were 17 ± 3.3/36 and 12.7 ± 2.2/30, respectively. A linear regression model revealed that being female, first-year students and poor sleep quality were significantly associated with problematic smartphone use. Factors associated with problematic social media use (PSMU) were depression, substance use, and urban residence. This study identified significant problems with smartphone and social media use among university students. Therefore, it is preferable to provide psychological counselling, educate students about safe, beneficial, and healthy internet use, and focus on recognized high-risk groups in order to give them special attention. It is also preferable to seek counselling about substance use. It is preferable to regularly screen and treat in iduals with psychological problems in collaboration with stakeholders.
The epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12978-020-01035-1
Abstract: Postnatal depression is among the common mental health problems that occur during the postnatal period. However, it is left undiagnosed in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically summarize the available evidence on the epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia and suggest recommendations for future clinical practice. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases for the relevant articles that assessed the prevalence of postnatal depression in Ethiopia. We used a random-effect model to conduct a meta-analysis. We conducted a subgroup and sensitivity analysis to explore the source of heterogeneity. Cochrane Q- and the I 2 -test were used to check the heterogeneity of the included studies. The presence of publication bias was also checked by visual inspection of symmetry and Egger's test. The pooled estimated prevalence of postnatal depression in Ethiopia was 20.1% (95% CI 12.7–30.2). The pooled prevalence of postnatal depression in the studies that were conducted in community settings and used the Patient Health Questionnaire to assess postnatal depression [16.6% (95% CI 8.90–28.99)] was lower than the prevalence in studies based in institutions and that used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [23.2% (95% CI 14.50–28.5)]. Further, in a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis the prevalence of postnatal depression ranges between 15.4% and 25.4%. Unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 3.46, 95% CI (2.37–5.04)], age between 15–24 years [AOR = 1.72, 95% CI (1.11–2.68)], marital problems [AOR = 3.07, 95% CI (2.36–3.99)], experiencing the death of infant [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI (1.91–6.09)] and history of substance use [AOR = 3.47, 95% CI (2.17–5.56)] were associated with the increased odds of postnatal depression in Ethiopia. The prevalence of postnatal depression in Ethiopia was high. Therefore, the concerned body should give due attention to improve reproductive health services through early detection of risk factors of postnatal depression.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their determinant factors among patients with cancer in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-051317
Abstract: The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their determinant factors among patients with cancer attending follow-up at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital cancer treatment centre, Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was implemented. Patients with cancer at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital cancer treatment centre from October 2019 to December 2019. Randomly selected 415 patients with cancer who had follow-up at cancer treatment centre. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were found to be 244 (58.8%) and 249 (60.0%), respectively. Older age ( years) (AOR (adjusted OR)=2.24, 95% CI=1.14 to 4.40), being unemployed (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.08 to 3.56), advanced stage of cancer such as stage III (AOR=5.37, 95% CI=1.34 to 21.45) and stage IV (AOR=4.55, 95% CI=1.12 to 18.44), comorbid psychotic symptoms (AOR=1.67, 95% CI=1.07 to 2.61) and eating problem in the past 2 weeks (AOR=6.16, 95% CI=1.98 to 19.11) were independent factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In addition, cancer stage such as stage II (AOR=3.92, 95% CI=1.07 to 14.36) and stage IV (AOR=5.04, 95% CI=1.44 to 17.59) and comorbid psychotic symptoms (AOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.12 to 2.66) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Depression and anxiety symptoms among patients with cancer were considerably high. Age, occupation, cancer stage, comorbid psychotic symptoms and eating problem were determinant factors of depressive symptoms among patients with cancer. Moreover, cancer stage and comorbid psychosis were determinants of anxiety symptoms. Healthcare professionals working in the oncology unity need to conduct routine screening and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms for patients with cancer.
Triage knowledge and skills among nurses in emergency units of Specialized Hospital in Hawassa, Ethiopia: cross sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2019
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Psychological distress among TB patients in sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Date: 11-2020
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the available evidence on the prevalence of psychological distress among patients with TB in sub-Saharan Africa, and suggest recommendations for future clinical practice. METHODS: We searched PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases for relevant studies. We further searched the reference lists of included studies to include other relevant studies. Cochran´s Q-statistic and the I 2 test were used to compute the heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of symmetry and Egger´s test. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence estimate of psychological distress among patients with TB in sub-Saharan African countries was 42.3% (95% CI 35.3–49.7). The pooled prevalence of psychological distress was 61.1% in Cameroon, 49.4% in Angola, 47.7% in Ethiopia, 34.0% in Nigeria and 29.3% in South Africa. The pooled prevalence estimate of psychological distress among patients with TB ranged from 40.1% to 43.7% in a leave-one-out-sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the prevalence of psychological distress was higher in females when compared to males. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of psychological distress among TB patients was high. Therefore, TB programmes should integrate psychiatry services to screen and manage psychologically distressed patients.
Prevalence and factors associated with preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-058187
Abstract: This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of preoperative anxiety and its associated factors among patients undergoing surgery in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Embase and PsychINFO to identify peer-reviewed studies on the prevalence and factors associated with preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery using predefined eligibility criteria. Studies were pooled to estimate the prevalence of preoperative anxiety using a random-effect meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s regression tests were used to check for publication bias. Our search identified 2110 studies, of which 27 studies from 12 countries with 5575 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. Of the total 27 studies, 11 used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to screen anxiety, followed by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information scale, used by four studies. The pooled prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery in LMICs was 55.7% (95% CI 48.60 to 62.93). Our subgroup analysis found that a higher pooled prevalence of preoperative anxiety was found among female surgical patients (59.36%, 95% CI 48.16 to 70.52, I 2 =95.43, p .001) and studies conducted in Asia (62.59%, 95% CI 48.65 to 76.53, I 2 =97.48, p .001). Our meta-analysis indicated that around one in two patients undergoing surgery in LMICs suffer from preoperative anxiety, which needs due attention. Routine screening of preoperative anxiety symptoms among patients scheduled for surgery is vital. CRD42020161934.
Manipulating Intermediates at the Au-TiO2Interface over InP Nanopillar Array for Photoelectrochemical CO2Reduction
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-08-2021
Department of Error
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among prisoners in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-061547
Abstract: This study intended to examine the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among inmates in Kaliti Prison Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 694 randomly selected inmates in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia. The depressive symptom was examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify correlates of depressive symptoms. A p value .05 was considered to declare statistical significance, and an adjusted OR (AOR) with the corresponding 95% CI was computed to determine the strength of association. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among prisoners in the current study was 56.6% (95% CI 53.2 to 60.8). Poor social support (AOR: 3.33, 95% CI 2.03 to 5.458), personal history of mental illness (AOR=3.16, 95% CI 1.62 to 6.14), physical abuse (AOR=2.31, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.78) and comorbid chronic medical illness (AOR=3.47, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.74) were independent correlates of depressive symptoms. Our study shows that around one in two prisoners screened positive for depressive symptoms. There should be a regular screening of depressive symptoms for prisoners, and those screened positive should be linked to proper psychiatric service for early diagnosis and treatment.
Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among patients with tuberculosis at WolaitaSodo University Hospital and Sodo Health Center, WolaitaSodo, South Ethiopia, Cross sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2015
Factors associated with nutritional status among lactating mothers at Shashemene Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Publisher: Academic Journals
Date: 30-11-2018
SERS Chemical Enhancement of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Adsorbed on Silver Substrate
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-09-2021
Insights into the role of water and surface OH species in methane activation on copper oxide: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3CY00431G
Perception, Attitude and Correlates of Alcoholism and Epilepsy among Residents of Hawassa City, South Ethiopia, Cross Sectional Study
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Perceived Stigma and Associated Factors among Patient with Tuberculosis, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-05-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/5917537
Abstract: Background . Tuberculosis is a historically stigmatized disease and the stigma associated with it affects the institution, community, and interpersonal factors. Therefore, understanding tuberculosis-related perceived stigma has importance in improving quality of the patients. Objective . The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and factors associated with perceived stigma among patients with tuberculosis attending Wolaita Sodo University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods . Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 417 tuberculosis patients who had treatment follow-up at TB clinics and were recruited for the study. Systematic random s ling technique was used to recruit study participants. A 12-item perceived TB stigma scale was used to assess tuberculosis-related perceived stigma. In addition, Oslo social support scale was used to assess social support related factors. Results . Prevalence of tuberculosis-related perceived stigma by using perceived tuberculosis stigma scale was 42.4%. Patients who had pulmonary TB [AOR=2.49, (95% CI: 1.24, 4.87)], being intensive phase category [AOR=1.42, (95% CI: 1.19, 2.58)], TB/HIV coinfection [AOR= 3.54, (95% CI: 1.37, 9.12)], poor social support [AOR=2.45, (95% CI: 1.18, 5.09)], and using substance (alcohol, khat and cigarette) [AOR=1.78, (95% CI: 1.28, 3.17)] were more likely to have perceived TB stigma when compared to their counter parts. Conclusion . Health education programs should be conducted to reduce TB stigma and improve patients’ compliance.
Singularly perturbed boundary-focus bifurcations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles from indoles and alcohols
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Prevalence and factors associated with depression among pregnant mothers in the West Shoa zone, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-04-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12991-020-00275-6
Abstract: Depression during pregnancy, the most prevalent mental health problem, can alter fetal development and has important consequences on the offspring’s physical and mental health. Evidence suggests increasing rates of prevalence of depression in low-income settings such as Ethiopia. However, there are a few studies on the topic with inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antenatal depression and its correlates among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the West Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, from February 20, 2018, to March 20, 2018. Pregnant women were recruited by using cluster s ling techniques. Data on socio-demographic, obstetric, and psychosocial characteristics were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression during pregnancy. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to identify correlates of depression. The level of statistical significance was declared at p value 0.05. The mean age (± SD) of the pregnant women was 28.41 ± 5.9 years. The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 32.3%. When we adjusted for possible confounding variables in the final model those pregnant mothers with an average monthly income of less than 500 (18 USD) Ethiopian birr [AOR = 3.19, 95% CI (1.47, 6.96)], unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 1.52, 95% CI (1.04, 2.21)] and having history of abortion [AOR = 5.13, 95% CI (2.42, 10.85)] have higher odds of depression when compared to their counterparts. The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was high. Strengthening the counseling service as well as increasing access and availability of modern contraceptive methods may reduce the rates of unplanned pregnancy in Ethiopia and this, in turn, plays a significant role in alleviating a resultant depression. Further, the integration of mental health services with existing maternal health care as well as strengthening the referral system among public health centers was warranted to minimize antenatal depression in the West Shoa zone health facilities.
Depression, Anxiety and Their Correlates Among Patients With HIV in South Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-05-2019
Singularly perturbed boundary-equilibrium bifurcations
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-09-2021
Related Organisations
University Of Surrey
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Gondar College Of Medicine And Health Sciences
Location: Ethiopia
Hawassa University College Of Medicine And Health Sciences
Location: Ethiopia
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Bereket Duko Adema.