ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5808-4249
Current Organisations
Washington State University
,
University of New South Wales
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.5.823
Abstract: Performance on the visual paired-comparison (VPC) task has typically been interpreted with E. Sokolov's (1963) comparator model of the orienting response novelty preferences are interpreted as evidence of retention, whereas null preferences are interpreted as evidence of forgetting. Here the authors capitalized on the verbal nature of human adults to clarify the interpretation of visual preferences in VPC performance. In 2 experiments, adults were tested on either the VPC task or a forced-choice recognition task after delays of 3 min to 12 months. In Experiment 1, adults tested on the VPC task exhibited novelty preferences after short delays, null preferences after intermediate delays, and familiarity preferences after long delays. In Experiment 2, adults tested on the forced-choice recognition task exhibited high levels of accuracy irrespective of delay, but the latency with which they recognized the stimuli increased systematically over the retention interval. These data are inconsistent with a simple Sokolovian interpretation of VPC performance and instead suggest that memory may be expressed as a novelty preference, null preference, or familiarity preference depending on the accessibility of the representation.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1159/000095579
Abstract: The fields of developmental psychology and developmental neuroscience have existed independently of one another for many years. This is unfortunate, as knowledge of how the brain develops can inform the study of behavioral development. In this paper, we provide two ex les of how knowledge about brain development has improved our understanding of two key behavioral domains: the development of face processing and memory development. We conclude with a plea for other domains of development to integrate information from both the brain and behavioral sciences.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BJC.12220
Abstract: Previous research has shown that empathy for pain is disrupted at the neural level in people with schizophrenia. However, many of these studies have failed to assess key background contextual variables that have previously been linked to neurophysiological responding. Moreover, no study to date has examined the potential influence of schizotypal characteristics on neurophysiological responding in non-clinical in iduals. People with schizophrenia (N = 17) were compared to demographically matched controls (N = 19) on an event-related potential (ERP) empathy for pain paradigm. The control group also completed a measure of schizotypal personality traits. People with schizophrenia exhibited atypical neural responding at early, emotion-sharing (frontal N110), and late, cognitive (central late positive potential [LPP]) processing stages of pain empathy, relative to controls. In the control group, positive schizotypy traits were significantly negatively related to reduced ERP litude in the late, cognitive (central LPP) processing stage of empathy. These data cross-validate previous studies that have shown that schizophrenia is associated with atypicalities in bottom-up automatic resonance processes that likely contribute to empathic and socio-emotional processing deficits, and indicate that these findings cannot be easily attributed to background contextual differences between the two groups. The results also point to a potential relationship between positive schizotypal characteristics and neurophysiological responding. Implications for simulation theories of empathy and social functioning in schizophrenia are discussed. Empathic processing has been consistently linked to well-being and mental health in many groups, including people with schizophrenia. Previous research has shown that, relative to controls, people with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in their neurophysiological empathic response, but in these prior studies, the two groups also differed in a number of potentially important background contextual variables. The current study shows that, when closely matched on background contextual variables, abnormal neural responding is still evident. These data suggest that empathy for pain is disrupted at the neurophysiological level in schizophrenia.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-03-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516000441
Abstract: Little is known about the influence of meal timing and energy consumption patterns throughout the day on glucose regulation during pregnancy. We examined the association of maternal feeding patterns with glycaemic levels among lean and overweight pregnant women. In a prospective cohort study in Singapore, maternal 24-h dietary recalls, fasting glucose (FG) and 2-h postprandial glucose (2HPPG) concentrations were measured at 26–28 weeks of gestation. Women ( n 985) were classified into lean (BMI kg/m 2 ) or overweight (BMI≥23 kg/m 2 ) groups. They were further categorised as predominantly daytime (pDT) or predominantly night-time (pNT) feeders according to consumption of greater proportion of energy content from 07.00 to 18.59 hours or from 19.00 to 06.59 hours, respectively. On stratification by weight status, lean pNT feeders were found to have higher FG than lean pDT feeders (4·36 ( sd 0·38) v. 4·22 ( sd 0·35) mmol/l P =0·002) however, such differences were not observed between overweight pDT and pNT feeders (4·49 ( sd 0·60) v. 4·46 ( sd 0·45) mmol/l P =0·717). Using multiple linear regression with confounder adjustment, pNT feeding was associated with higher FG in the lean group ( β =0·16 mmol/l 95 % CI 0·05, 0·26 P =0·003) but not in the overweight group ( β =0·02 mmol/l 95 % CI −0·17, 0·20 P =0·879). No significant association was found between maternal feeding pattern and 2HPPG in both the lean and the overweight groups. In conclusion, pNT feeding was associated with higher FG concentration in lean but not in overweight pregnant women, suggesting that there may be an adiposity-dependent effect of maternal feeding patterns on glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2018
DOI: 10.1002/HIPO.22949
Abstract: Poor early life care often relates to cognitive difficulties. However, newer work suggests that in early-life, adversity may associate with enhanced or accelerated neurodevelopment. We examine associations between postnatal caregiving risks (i.e., higher self-reported postnatal-anxiety and lower observed maternal sensitivity) and infant relational memory (i.e., via deferred imitation and relational binding). Using subs les of 67-181 infants (aged 433-477 post-conceptual days, or roughly five to seven months since birth) taking part in the GUSTO study, we found such postnatal caregiving risk significantly predictive of "better" performance on a relational binding task following a brief delay, after Bonferroni adjustments. Subsequent analyses suggest that the association between memory and these risks may specifically be apparent among infants spending at least 50% of their waking hours in the presence of their mothers. Our findings echo neuroimaging research concerning similar risk exposure and larger infant hippoc al volume, and likewise underscore the importance of considering developmental context in understanding early life experience. With this in mind, these findings caution against the use of cognitive outcomes as indices of experienced risk.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-7687.2009.00795.X
Abstract: Here we report evidence from a new eye-tracking measure of relational memory that suggests that 9-month-old infants can encode memories in terms of the relations among items, a function putatively subserved by the hippoc us. Infants learned about the association between faces that were superimposed on unique scenic backgrounds. During test trials, infants were shown three faces presented on a familiar scene. All three faces were equally familiar however, one had been presented with the test background earlier. Visual behavior was recorded continuously using a TOBII eye tracker. Infants looked preferentially at the face that matched the test background very early in the trial however, the time course of this preferential looking effect varied as a function of delay. These results suggest that by 9 months of age infants can form memories that represent the relations among items and maintain them over short delays.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-01-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/INFA.12067
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/ICD.437
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2018.12.019
Abstract: Emotional stimuli, such as facial expressions, reliably evoke rapid, spontaneous and covert facial reactions in the perceiver that reflect the affective valence of the observed stimulus. These physiological reactions have been linked to a variety of social cognitive processes known to be disrupted in schizophrenia, such as emotion recognition and affective empathy. Moreover, in iduals with schizophrenia exhibit atypical rapid facial reactions when observing emotional expressions. The current study aimed to determine if the disruption in schizophrenia is specific to facial expressions, or instead reflects more generalised emotional or motor impairments in the elicitation of this rapid facial response. Here we quantified activity in the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscle regions using electromyography while in iduals with schizophrenia (n = 24) and controls (n = 21) viewed images of facial and non-facial emotional stimuli. The results indicate that schizophrenia is marked by a disruption in rapid facial responding to facial expressions, but intact responding to non-facial emotional stimuli. This dissociation between the processing of facial and non-facial emotional stimuli points to the need for a greater understanding of the degree to which facial emotion processing impairments contribute to disruptions in mimetic responding in this population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2018.12.007
Abstract: Adequate sleep duration and good sleep quality are considered essential for development, especially during periods of major neurodevelopmental change. Still, relations between parent-reported habitual sleep and emerging cognitive abilities within the first year of life are not well studied. Here, we examined relations between habitual sleep measures and an aspect of cognitive functioning, relational memory, which emerges as early as 6 months of age, as compared to other abilities (ie, recognition memory and attentional orienting), both of which are considered to emerge earlier in development. Participants were a subset of 267 healthy typically developing 6-month-olds taking part in the Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes cohort study. Sleep duration, sleep latency, and number and duration of night awakenings were derived from the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Short sleep was defined as <10 hours per day, categorized as "not recommended" based on the National Sleep Foundation recommendations. Associations between sleep variables and infants' performance on 2 relational memory tests (deferred imitation and relational binding) were examined independently using hierarchical (blockwise entry) linear regression. Associations between sleep and recognition memory and attentional orienting were also explored. Habitual short sleepers had poorer relational memory recall in the deferred imitation task compared with 'typical' sleepers (10-18 hours per day). Shorter sleep latency was related to a greater proportion of correct responses for certain aspects of relational binding. There were no associations between sleep and recognition memory or attention. Our findings suggest that habitual sleep duration and short sleep latency associate with 6-month-olds' relational memory, suggesting a preferential association with memory tasks that are sensitive to development during the second half of the first year.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JECP.2017.03.015
Abstract: Preferences have a profound impact on our behavior however, relatively little is known about how preference formation works early in life. Evaluative conditioning occurs when the valence of an initially neutral object changes when it is paired with a positively or negatively valenced stimulus. It is possible that evaluative conditioning may account for early preference learning however, the extent to which this kind of learning operates during infancy has not been empirically tested. The aim of the current studies was to assess whether infants' preferences for neutral objects is influenced by pairing them with affective stimuli (Experiment 1: happy vs. angry faces, N=20 Experiment 2: mother vs. stranger faces, N=22). Infants' preferences were tested using both looking time and behavioral choice measures. The results showed that infants tended to choose the object that had been paired with the positive stimulus (Experiment 1: 13/20 Experiment 2: 14/22). Gaze behavior at test did not differentiate between the two objects however, gaze behavior during conditioning predicted infants' behavioral preference. Only infants who looked longer at the affective stimulus than at the object during learning chose the object that had been paired with positive valence more often than chance. These results suggest that infants' preferences may be influenced by learned associations between objects and affective stimuli, a process akin to evaluative conditioning in adults.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-04-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016000744
Abstract: Little is known about the influences of maternal and infant correlates on maternal feeding beliefs and practices in the first 2 years of life, despite its important role in early obesogenic eating behaviours and weight gain. Cross-sectional study using demographic data of mothers and infants obtained at 26–28 weeks of gestation, and postnatally from birth to 15 months, respectively. The Infant Feeding Questionnaire was administered at 15 months postpartum. The associations between maternal and infant characteristics with seven maternal feeding beliefs and practices subscales were evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis. Data obtained from the Singapore GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) mother–offspring birth cohort. Mothers and infants ( n 1237). Among other maternal correlates such as age, education, BMI, income and milk feeding practices, ethnicity was a consistent factor associated with six subscales, including concern about infant overeating/undereating and weight status, concern and awareness about infants’ hunger and satiety cues, social interaction during feeding and feeding an infant on schedule. Similarly, among infant correlates such as gender and birth order, infant body size gain (reflected by BMI Z -score change from 0 to 15 months) was significantly associated with all subscales except feeding an infant on schedule. Overall, maternal correlates had greater influence on all subscales compared with infant correlates except for the maternal concern about infant undereating or becoming underweight subscale. The present study highlights that maternal feeding beliefs and practices can be influenced by both maternal correlates and infant correlates at 15 months of age.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/INFA.12444
Abstract: An attentional bias toward threat has been theorized to be a normative aspect of infants' threat and safety learning, and an indicator of risk for internalizing psychopathology in older populations. To date, only four studies have examined this bias using the dot‐probe task in infancy and the findings are mixed. We extended the literature by examining patterns of attention to threat in a culturally and linguistically erse s le of infants aged 5–11 months old ( N = 151) using all measures previously employed in the infant dot‐probe literature. Given that an attentional bias toward threat is associated with higher risk of developing anxiety disorders later in life, we also examined how negative affect—an early correlate of later anxiety disorders—is related to attentional bias toward threat in infancy. This study was the first to use a consistent measure of negative affect across the whole s le. An eye‐tracking dot‐probe task was used to examine attentional bias toward threat (i.e., angry faces) relative to positive (i.e., happy faces) stimuli. Results showed that an attention bias to threat was not characteristic of infants at this age, and negative affect did not moderate the putative relationship between attention and emotional faces (angry, happy). These findings therefore suggest that attention biases to socio‐emotional threat may not have emerged by 11 months old.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-11-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-12-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579421001553
Abstract: Contemporary theories of early development and emerging child psychopathology all posit a major, if not central role for physiological responsiveness. To understand infants’ potential risk for emergent psychopathology, consideration is needed to both autonomic reactivity and environmental contexts (e.g., parent–child interactions). The current study maps infants’ arousal during the face-to-face still-face paradigm using skin conductance ( n = 255 ethnically- erse mother–infant dyads 52.5% girls, mean infant age = 7.4 months SD = 0.9 months). A novel statistical approach was designed to model the potential build-up of nonlinear counter electromotive force over the course of the task. Results showed a significant increase in infants’ skin conductance between the Baseline Free-play and the Still-Face phase, and a significant decrease in skin conductance during the Reunion Play when compared to the Still-Face phase. Skin conductance during the Reunion Play phase remained significantly higher than during the Baseline Play phase indicating that infants had not fully recovered from the mild social stressor. These results further our understanding of infant arousal during dyadic interactions, and the role of caregivers in the development of emotion regulation during infancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03355-8
Abstract: Both pigeons and rats with damage to the hippoc us are slow to acquire an autoshaped response and emit fewer overall responses than control animals. Experiment 1 explored the possibility that the autoshaping deficit was due to an impairment in contextual retrieval. Pigeons were trained for 14 days on an autoshaping task in which a red stimulus was followed by reinforcement in context A, and a green stimulus was followed by reinforcement in context B. On day 15, the subjects were given a context test in which the red and green stimuli were presented simultaneously in context A and then later in context B. Both control and hippoc al animals showed context specificity, that is, they responded more to the red stimulus in context A and to the green stimulus in context B. In Experiment 2 we video-recorded the control and hippoc al animals performing the autoshaping task. Hippoc al animals tended to miss-peck the key more often than control animals. In addition, the number of missed pecks increased across days for hippoc al animals but not for control animals, suggesting that while the control animals increased their pecking accuracy, the hippoc al animals actually decreased their pecking accuracy. Our findings suggest that impairments in moving through space may underlie the hippoc al autoshaping deficit.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-08-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ICD.2361
Abstract: Although open science has become a popular tool to combat the replication crisis, it is unclear whether the uptake of open science practices has been consistent across the field of psychology. In this study, we were particularly interested in whether claims that developmental psychology lags behind other subfields in adopting open science practices were valid. To test this, we determined whether data and material sharing differed as a function of psychological subfield at the distinguished journal, Psychological Science . The results showed that open data and open materials scores increased from 2014–2015 to 2019–2020. Of note, articles published in the field of developmental psychology generated lower open data and open materials scores than articles published in cognition however, scores were similar to articles published in social psychology. Across Psychological Science articles, shared data and materials were seldom accompanied by documentation that is likely to make shared research objects useful. These findings are discussed in the context of the unique challenges faces by developmental psychologists and how journals can more effectively encourage authors to practice open science across psychology.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/DEV.22244
Abstract: There is tentative evidence that infants can learn preferences through evaluative conditioning to socioemotional stimuli. However, the early development of evaluative conditioning and the factors that may explain infants’ capacity to learn through evaluative conditioning are not well understood. Infants ( N = 319 50.2% boys) participated in a longitudinal study where an evaluative conditioning paradigm using socioemotional stimuli was conducted on two occasions (when infants were 7 and 14 months old, on average). We tested whether repeatedly pairing neutral stimuli (triangular and square shapes) with affective stimuli (angry and happy faces) affects infants’ preferences for these shapes. At both timepoints, the majority of infants did not choose the shape that was paired with happy faces, indicating that, in general, learning through evaluative conditioning was not present. However, as expected, in idual differences were evident such that infants who spent more time fixating on faces compared to shapes (face‐preferrers) during the conditioning trials were significantly more likely than non‐face‐preferrers to choose the shape paired with happy faces, and this effect strengthened with increasing age.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JIR.12492
Abstract: Episodic memory deficits are a characteristic of cognitive dysfunction in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, less is known about the processes (i.e. encoding, retention or using learned information flexibly) that underlie these deficits. We explored these abilities by administering a relational memory and inference task to participants with DS and mental age-matched controls and testing both immediately and after a 24-h delay. Adults with DS learned paired associates more slowly than controls but showed good recognition at both the immediate and delayed tests. Despite memory for learned pairs, adults with DS were less able to use relational learning flexibly to make inferential judgements than controls. These results deepen our understanding of the cognitive profile of adults with DS, demonstrating deficits in both encoding new information, and flexibly using such information. These results have important implications for workplace training and intervention programs for people with DS.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-03-2016
DOI: 10.1111/BIRT.12233
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-11-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579417001249
Abstract: The quality of prenatal maternal mental health, from psychological stress and depressive symptoms to anxiety and other nonpsychotic mental disorders, profoundly affects fetal neurodevelopment. Despite the evidence for the influence of positive mental well-being on health, there is, to our knowledge, no research examining the possible effects of positive antenatal mental health on the development of the offspring. Using exploratory bifactor analysis, this prospective study ( n = 1,066) demonstrated the feasibility of using common psychiatric screening tools to examine the effect of positive maternal mental health. Antenatal mental health was assessed during 26th week of pregnancy. The effects on offspring were assessed when the child was 12, 18, and 24 months old. Results showed that positive antenatal mental health was uniquely associated with the offspring's cognitive, language and parentally rated competences. This study shows that the effects of positive maternal mental health are likely to be specific and distinct from the sheer absence of symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2014
DOI: 10.1002/DEV.21213
Abstract: Relational memory, or the ability to bind components of an event into a network of linked representations, is a primary function of the hippoc us. Here we extend eye-tracking research showing that infants are capable of forming memories for the relation between arbitrarily paired scenes and faces, by looking at age-related changes in relational memory over the first year of life. Six- and 12-month-old infants were familiarized with pairs of faces and scenes before being tested with arrays of three familiar faces that were presented on a familiar scene. Preferential looking at the face that matches the scene is typically taken as evidence of relational memory. The results showed that while 6-month-old showed very early preferential looking when face/scene pairs were tested immediately, 12-month-old did not exhibit evidence of relational memory either immediately or after a short delay. Theoretical implications for the functional development of the hippoc us and practical implications for the use of eye tracking to measure memory during early life are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODRES.2018.10.036
Abstract: A mathematical model for predicting electromagnetic power dissipation within a rectangular dielectric slab heated by equal intensity 915 MHz plane waves from top and bottom was developed. A dimensionless parameter (J-T number) which is a combination of the loss factor (ε
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2017
DOI: 10.1002/DEV.21575
Abstract: Humans rapidly and spontaneously activate muscles in the face when viewing emotional facial expressions in others. These rapid facial reactions (RFRs) are thought to reflect low-level, bottom-up processes, and are theorized to assist an observer to experience and share the affect of another in idual. It has been assumed that RFRs are present from birth however to date, no study has investigated this response in children younger than 3 years of age. In the present study, we used facial electromyography (EMG) to measure corrugator supercilii (brow) and zygomaticus major (cheek) muscle activity in 7-month-old infants while they viewed happy and angry facial expressions. The results showed that 7-month olds exhibited greater zygomaticus activity in response to happy expressions than angry expressions, however, we found no evidence of differential corrugator muscle activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JECP.2012.11.002
Abstract: The constructive episodic simulation hypothesis suggests that we imagine possible future events by flexibly recombining details of past experiences to produce novel scenarios. Here we tested this hypothesis by determining whether episodic future thinking is related to relational memory ability during the preschool years. Children (3- to 5-year-olds) were asked to remember a past event and imagine a possible future event using an adapted version of the recombination paradigm. Relational learning and inference were assessed using a task adapted from the neuroimaging literature. The results show that preschoolers were able to describe both past and possible future events however, they produced more specific episodic details in relation to past events relative to future events. Episodic future thinking performance was correlated with performance on the relational inference task, consistent with the idea that the ability to flexibly recombine relational knowledge is critical in episodic future thinking.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14757257221098763
Abstract: The goal of this work was to determine whether contextualized prompting can promote student engagement with resources designed to develop self-management skills. In a second-year social and developmental psychology unit, a special section of the learning management system (LMS) contained multiple self-management tools/resources which covered topics such as time-management, study strategies, and emotional regulation. “Just-in-time” (JIT) prompts regarding selected self-management tools were delivered through LMS reminders (e.g., time-management tools early in the term). The primary measures were the number of hits on each resource and the percentage of students who accessed each resource, which allowed comparison between those resources selected for JIT LMS prompts, and those that were not. Across two studies (whereby in the second study, the LMS section was simplified, and the frequency of JIT prompts was increased), it was found that there were more hits on the JIT-prompted resources than those resources that were not prompted, and that the percentage of students accessing the JIT resources generally dropped off across the term. In addition, Study 2 suggested that increasing the frequency of JIT prompts did not increase student engagement. Limitations, implications, and future directions for this initiative are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JECP.2014.09.013
Abstract: Episodic memory involves binding components of an event (who, what, when, and where) into a relational representation. The ability to encode information about the relative locations of objects (i.e., spatial relational memory) is a key component of episodic memory. Here we used eye tracking to test whether infants and toddlers learn about the spatial relations among objects. In Experiment 1, 9-, 18-, and 27-month olds were familiarized with an array of three objects. Following familiarization, they saw test arrays in which two of the objects had been replaced with novel ones (object switch condition) and arrays in which two of the objects had switched positions (location switch condition). Both 18- and 27-month olds looked significantly longer than would be predicted by chance at the objects that had switched spatial locations however, 9-month olds did not. In Experiment 2, we showed that, given sufficient familiarization time, 9-month olds were also capable of detecting disruptions to the spatial relations among an array of objects. These results have important implications for our understanding of spatial relational memory development.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2012.711837
Abstract: Sleep has a beneficial effect on consolidation of newly learned fine motor skills. The aim of the current study was to determine whether sleep has a similar beneficial effect on consolidation of gross motor skills. A total of 70 participants were randomly assigned to either a sleep-wake group or a wake-sleep group and were trained on an arm coordinated reaching task as a gross motor skill. Initial training occurred in the evening for the sleep-wake group and in the morning for the Wake-Sleep group. All participants attended two test sessions 12 and 24 hours following the initial training. Gross motor skill performance improved in both groups following a night of sleep but not after a day of wakefulness. These findings may have implications for learning of new gross motor skills in a range of activities from dance to motor rehabilitation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1002/DEV.10161
Abstract: In a series of three experiments, we examined the effects of familiarization time, retention interval, and changes in environmental context on adults' performance in the visual paired-comparison (VPC) task. The magnitude of adults' novelty preference increased as familiarization time increased, decreased as retention interval increased, and was impaired by a change in context after a delay. These data are highly consistent with data obtained in prior studies using the VPC task with infants and suggest that the VPC task could be used to measure memory across the life span.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/DESC.12225
Abstract: In iduals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit a behavioral phenotype of specific strengths and weaknesses, in addition to a generalized cognitive delay. In particular, adults with DS exhibit specific deficits in learning and memory processes that depend on the hippoc us, and there is some suggestion of impairments on executive function tasks that depend on the prefrontal cortex. While these functions have been investigated in adults with DS, it is largely unclear how these processes develop in young children with DS. Here we tested preschoolers with DS and typically developing children, age-matched on either receptive language or non-verbal scores as a proxy for mental age (MA), on a battery of eye-tracking and behavioral measures that have been shown to depend on the hippoc us or the prefrontal cortex. Preschoolers with DS performed equivalently to MA-matched controls, suggesting that the disability-specific memory deficits documented in adults with DS, in addition to a cognitive delay, are not yet evident in preschoolers with DS, and likely emerge progressively with age. Our results reinforce the idea that early childhood may be a critical time frame for targeted early intervention. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at atch?v=r6GUA6my22Q&list=UU3FIcom6UpITHZOIEa8Onnw.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-02-2021
Abstract: Microwave assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) is a novel microwave technology currently used in the commercial production of ready-to-eat meals. It combines surface heating of high-temperature circulation water with internal microwave heating in cavities. The heating pattern inside the food packages in a MATS process depends heavily on the electric field distribution formed by microwaves from the top and bottom windows of the microwave heating cavities. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the electric field on 922 MHz microwave heating of ready-to-eat meals as they moved through the microwave chamber of a pilot-scale MATS system using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. A three-dimensional numerical simulation model was developed as a digital twin of the MATS process of food moving through the microwave chamber. The simulation showed that the electric field intensity of the MATS microwave cavity was greatest on the surface and side edge of the cavity and of the food. There was a strong similarity of the experimental heating pattern with that of the electric field distribution simulated by a computer model. The digital twin modeling approach can be used to design options for improving the heating uniformity and throughput of ready-to-eat meals in MATS industrial systems.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-01-2019
DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2018.1564694
Abstract: Emotional expressions evoke rapid facial reactions in the perceiver that are consistent with the valence of the observed expression. We aimed to investigate whether this robust facial reaction is purely a motor matching response or instead represents underlying affective processes. Participants' (N = 60)
Location: Korea, Republic of
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 2012
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2020
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity