ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6384-8717
Current Organisations
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine
,
Deakin University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry | Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules | Environmental Technologies | Fisheries Sciences | Biologically Active Molecules | Food Chemistry and Molecular Gastronomy (excl. Wine) | Environmental Engineering | Chemical Oceanography | Marine Geoscience | Plant Cell and Molecular Biology | Other Chemical Sciences | Environmental Chemistry (incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Animal Nutrition | Aquaculture | Environmental Rehabilitation (excl. Bioremediation) | Water Treatment Processes | Medical Biochemistry: Lipids | Bioprocessing, Bioproduction and Bioproducts | Analytical Biochemistry |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Aquaculture Fin Fish (excl. Tuna) | Service Industries Standards and Calibrations | Nutraceuticals and Functional foods | Production of Biofuels (Biomass) | Urban and Industrial Land Management | Urban and Industrial Water Management | Environmental Policy, Legislation and Standards not elsewhere classified | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Coastal and Estuarine Water Management
Related Links
Publications
LC–MS and GC–MS metabolite profiling of nickel(II) complexes in the latex of the nickel-hyperaccumulating tree Sebertia acuminata and identification of methylated aldaric acid as a new nickel(II) liga
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.07.001
Abstract: Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology using size exclusion chromatography and metabolite profiling based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to study the nickel-rich latex of the hyperaccumulating tree Sebertia acuminata. More than 120 compounds were detected, 57 of these were subsequently identified. A methylated aldaric acid (2,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-1,6-hexan-dioic acid) was identified for the first time in biological extracts and its structure was confirmed by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. After citric acid, it appears to be one of the most abundant small organic molecules present in the latex studied. Nickel(II) complexes of stoichiometry NiII:acid=1:2 were detected for these two acids as well as for malic, itaconic, erythronic, galacturonic, tartaric, aconitic and saccharic acids. These results provide further evidence that organic acids may play an important role in the transport and possibly in the storage of metal ions in hyperaccumulating plants.
Nano/micro plastics – Challenges on quantification and remediation: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
UNICORN Babies: Understanding Circulating and Cerebral Creatine Levels of the Preterm Infant. An Observational Study Protocol
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-03-2019
Australian brown seaweeds as a source of essential dietary minerals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2023
Systematic Approach to the Quantitative Voltammetric Analysis of the FeIII/FeII Component of the [α2-Fe(OH2)P2W17O61]7
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-10-2005
DOI: 10.1021/JP0528459
Abstract: The one-electron reduction of [alpha(2)-Fe(III)(OH(2))P(2)W(17)O(61)](7-) at a glassy carbon electrode was investigated using cyclic and rotating-disk-electrode voltammetry in buffered and unbuffered aqueous solutions over the pH range 3.45-7.50 with an ionic strength of approximately 0.6 M maintained. The behavior is well-described by a square-scheme mechanism P + e(-) Q (E(1)(0/) = -0.275 V, k(1)(0/) = 0.008 cm s(-1), and alpha(1) = 1/2), PH(+) + e(-) QH(+) (E(2)(0/) = -0.036 V, k(2)(0/) = 0.014 cm s(-1), and alpha(2) = 1/2), PH(+) P + H(+) (K(P) = 3.02 x 10(-6) M), and QH(+) Q + H(+) (K(Q) = 2.35 x 10(-10) M), where P, Q, PH(+), and QH(+) correspond to [alpha(2)-Fe(III)(OH)P(2)W(17)O(61)](8-), [alpha(2)-Fe(II)(OH)P(2)W(17)O(61)](9-), [alpha(2)-Fe(III)(OH(2))P(2)W(17)O(61)](7-), and [alpha(2)-Fe(II)(OH(2))P(2)W(17)O(61)](8-), respectively E(1)(0)' and E(2)(0)' are the formal potentials, k(1)(0)' and k(2)(0)' are the formal (standard) rate constants, and K(P) and K(Q) are the acid dissociation constants for the relevant reactions. The analysis for the buffered media is based on the approach of Laviron who demonstrated that a square scheme with fully reversible protonations, reversible or quasi reversible electron transfers with the assumption that alpha(1) = alpha(2), can be well-described by the behavior of a simple redox couple, ox + e(-) red, whose formal potential, E(app)(0)', and standard rate constant, k(app)(0)', are straightforwardly derived functions of pH, as are the values of E(1)(0)', k(1)(0)', E(2)(0)', k(2)(0)', and K(P) (only three of the four thermodynamic parameters in a square scheme can be specified). It was assumed that alpha(app) = 1/2, and the simulation program DigiSim was used to determine the values of E(app)(0)' and k(app)(0)', which are required to describe the cyclic voltammograms obtained in buffered media in the pH range from 3.45 to 7.52 (buffer-related reactions which effect general acid-base catalysis are included in the simulations). DigiSim simulations of cyclic voltammograms obtained in unbuffered media yielded the values of E(1)(0)' and k(1)(0)' K(Q) was then directly computed from thermodynamic constraints. These simulations included additional reactions between the redox species and H(2)O. The value of the diffusion coefficient of the [alpha(2)-Fe(III)(OH(2))P(2)W(17)O(61)](7-), 2.92 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1), was determined using DigiSim simulations of voltammograms at a rotating disk electrode in buffered and unbuffered media at pH 3.45. The diffusion coefficients of all redox species were assumed to be identical. When the pH is greater than 6, instability of P (i.e., [alpha(2)-Fe(III)(OH)P(2)W(17)O(61)](8-)) led to the loss of the reactant and precluded lengthy experimentation.
Constitutive overexpression of the OsNAS gene family reveals single-gene strategies for effective iron- and zinc-biofortification of rice endosperm
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-09-2011
Chemical characterisation and speciation of organic selenium in cultivated selenium-enriched Agaricus bisporus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2013.06.027
Abstract: The selenium concentration in Agaricus bisporus cultivated in growth compost irrigated with sodium selenite solution increased by 28- and 43-fold compared to the control mushroom irrigated solely with water. Selenium contents of mushroom proteins increased from 13.8 to 60.1 and 14.1 to 137 μgSe/g in caps and stalks from control and selenised mushrooms, respectively. Selenocystine (SeCys detected as [SeCys]2 dimer), selenomethionine (SeMet), and methyl-selenocysteine (MeSeCys) were separated, identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry from water solubilised and acetone precipitated proteins, and significant increases were observed for the selenised mushrooms. The maximum selenoamino acids concentration in caps and stalks of control/selenised mushrooms was 4.16/9.65 μg/g dried weight (DW) for SeCys, 0.08/0.58 μg/g DW for SeMet, and 0.031/0.10 μg/g DW for MeSeCys, respectively. The most notable result was the much higher levels of SeCys accumulated by A. bisporus compared to SeMet and MeSeCys, for both control and selenised A. bisporus.
Surface adsorption of metallic species onto microplastics with long-term exposure to the natural marine environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
In Situ Growth of Cu/CuO/Cu2O Nanocrystals within Hybrid Nanofibers for Adsorptive Arsenic Removal
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-09-2022
Variation in biochemical composition of wild-harvested Macrocystis pyrifera (Ochrophyta) from sites proximal and distal to salmon farms in Tasmania, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Treatment technologies to mitigate the harmful effects of recalcitrant fluoroquinolone antibiotics on the environ- ment and human health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Elemental and metabolite profiling of nickel hyperaccumulators from New Caledonia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2012.06.010
Abstract: Leaf material from nine Ni hyperaccumulating species was collected in New Caledonia: Homalium kanaliense (Vieill.) Briq., Casearia silvana Schltr, Geissois hirsuta Brongn. & Gris, Hybanthus austrocaledonicus Seem, Psychotria douarrei (G. Beauvis.) Däniker, Pycnandra acuminata (Pierre ex Baill.) Swenson & Munzinger (syn Sebertia acuminata Pierre ex Baill.), Geissois pruinosa Brongn. & Gris, Homalium deplanchei (Viell) Warb. and Geissois bradfordii (H.C. Hopkins). The elemental concentration was determined by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and from these results it was found that the species contained Ni concentrations from to 250-28,000 mg/kg dry mass. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling was then used to analyse leaves of each species. The aim of this study was to target Ni-binding ligands through correlation analysis of the metabolite levels and leaf Ni concentration. Approximately 258 compounds were detected in each s le. As has been observed before, a correlation was found between the citric acid and Ni concentrations in the leaves for all species collected. However, the strongest Ni accumulator, P. douarrei, has been found to contain particularly high concentrations of malonic acid, suggesting an additional storage mechanism for Ni. A size exclusion chromatography separation protocol for the separation of Ni-complexes in P. acuminata sap was also applied to aqueous leaf extracts of each species. A number of metabolites were identified in complexes with Ni including Ni-malonate from P. douarrei. Furthermore, the levels for some metabolites were found to correlate with the leaf Ni concentration. These data show that Ni ions can be bound by a range of small molecules in Ni hyperaccumulation in plants.
Metal ion ligands in hyperaccumulating plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-12-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S00775-005-0056-7
Abstract: Metal-hyperaccumulating plants have the ability to take up extraordinary quantities of certain metal ions without succumbing to toxic effects. Most hyperaccumulators select for particular metals but the mechanisms of selection are not understood at the molecular level. While there are many metal-binding biomolecules, this review focuses only on ligands that have been reported to play a role in sequestering, transporting or storing the accumulated metal. These include citrate, histidine and the phytosiderophores. The metal detoxification role of metallothioneins and phytochelatins in plants is also discussed.
Rapid induction of vitamin B12 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic medium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Diverse phosphate and auxin transport loci distinguish phosphate tolerant from sensitive Arabidopsis accessions
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-09-2021
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth often limiting agroecosystems. To identify genetic determinants of performance under variable phosphate (Pi) supply, we conducted genome-wide association studies on five highly predictive Pi starvation response traits in 200 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. Pi concentration in Pi-limited organs had the strongest, and primary root length had the weakest genetic component. Of 70 trait-associated candidate genes, 17 responded to Pi withdrawal. The PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 gene cluster on chromosome 5 comprises PHT1 , PHT1 , and PHT1 with known impact on P status. A second locus featured uncharacterized endomembrane-associated auxin efflux carrier encoding PIN-LIKES7 (PILS7) which was more strongly suppressed in Pi-limited roots of Pi-starvation sensitive accessions. In the Col-0 background, Pi uptake and organ growth were impaired in both Pi-limited pht1 and two pils7 T-DNA insertion mutants, while Pi -limited pht1 had higher biomass and pht1 was indistinguishable from wild-type. Copy number variation at the PHT1 locus with loss of the PHT1 gene and smaller scale deletions in PHT1 and PHT1 predicted to alter both protein structure and function suggest ersification of PHT1 is a key driver for adaptation to P limitation. Haplogroup analysis revealed a phosphorylation site in the protein encoded by the PILS7 allele from stress-sensitive accessions as well as additional auxin-responsive elements in the promoter of the “stress tolerant” allele. The former allele’s inability to complement the pils7-1 mutant in the Col-0 background implies the presence of a kinase signaling loop controlling PILS7 activity in accessions from P-rich environments, while survival in P-poor environments requires fine-tuning of stress-responsive root auxin signaling.
Nanomaterials for enhancing photosynthesis: interaction with plant photosystems and scope of nanobionics in agriculture
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2EN00451H
Abstract: The complex process of photosynthesis requires precise arrangements of light harvesting molecules in the photosynthetic system.
Lipid Profile Remodeling in Response to Nitrogen Deprivation in the Microalgae Chlorella sp. (Trebouxiophyceae) and Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-08-2014
Combining Evolutionary Inference and Metabolomics to Identify Plants With Medicinal Potential
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-07-2019
Apicoplast-Localized Lysophosphatidic Acid Precursor Assembly Is Required for Bulk Phospholipid Synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii and Relies on an Algal/Plant-Like Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferase
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-08-2016
Blubber fatty acids reveal variation in the diet of male Australian fur seals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2019
Elemental imaging of leaves from the metal hyperaccumulating plant Noccaea caerulescens shows different spatial distribution of Ni, Zn and Cd
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA23953B
Abstract: Elemental imaging using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed on whole leaves of the hyperaccumulating plant Noccaea caerulescens after treatments with either Ni, Zn or Cd.
Pure omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DPA or DHA) are associated with increased plasma levels of 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) in a short-term study in women
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9FO02440A
Abstract: 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) is a metabolite of furan fatty acids found in plasma and urine. Our data show that purified EPA, DPA and DHA may also be precursors of CMPF however the metabolic pathway(s) remain unclear.
Relationships of nicotianamine and other amino acids with nickel, zinc and iron in Thlaspi hyperaccumulators
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2007.02216.X
Abstract: Experimental evidence suggests that nicotianamine (NA) is involved in the complexation of metal ions in some metal-hyperaccumulating plants. Closely-related nickel (Ni)- and zinc (Zn)-hyperaccumulating species were studied to determine whether a correlation exists between the Ni and Zn concentrations and NA in foliar tissues. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) procedure was developed to quantify the NA and amino acid contents using the derivatizing agent 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. A strong correlation emerged between Ni and NA, but not between Zn and NA. Concentrations of NA and L-histidine (His) also increased in response to higher Ni concentrations in the hydroponic solution supplied to a serpentine population of Thlaspi caerulescens. An inversely proportional correlation was found between the iron (Fe) and Ni concentrations in the leaves. Correlations were also found between Zn and asparagine. The results obtained in this study suggest that NA is involved in hyperaccumulation of Ni but not Zn. The inverse proportionality between the Ni and Fe concentrations in the leaf may suggest that Ni and Fe compete for complexation to NA.
Nutritional composition and heavy metal profiling of Australian kelps cultured in proximity to salmon and mussel farms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
LC–MS data acquisition and validation in metabolomics
Publisher: Future Science Ltd
Date: 05-2015
A field-based investigation of simple phenol variation in Australian Agaricus xanthodermus
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-09-2021
The assimilation of glycerol into lipid acyl chains and associated carbon backbones of Nannochloropsis salina varies under nitrogen replete and deplete conditions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2020
DOI: 10.1002/BIT.27498
Abstract: Mixotrophic cultivation can increase microalgae productivity, yet the associated lipid metabolism remains mostly unknown. Stable isotope labeling was used to track assimilation of glycerol into the triacylglyceride (TAG) and membrane lipids of Nannochloropsis salina. In N-replete media, glycerol uptake and
Randomized controlled study of the urinary excretion of biophenols following acute and chronic intake of olive leaf supplements
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is critical for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondrial integrity and muscle mass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Testing the boundaries of closely related daisy taxa using metabolomic profiling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.12705/632.15
Comparative metabolic and ionomic profiling of two cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Bertoni) grown under salinity stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2018.05.001
Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive investigation on the impact of increasing NaCl concentrations on hydroponically grown Stevia rebaudiana cultivars (Shoutian-2 and Fengtian). Growth parameters including plant height, biomass and physiological responses including osmotic potential were measured. In addition, the levels of steviol glycosides, elements and primary metabolites were measured and statistically evaluated. The cultivar Fengtian grew faster, accumulated less Na
Placental creatine metabolism in cases of placental insufficiency and reduced fetal growth
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-07-2019
Abstract: Creatine is a metabolite involved in cellular energy homeostasis. In this study, we examined placental creatine content, and expression of the enzymes required for creatine synthesis, transport and the creatine kinase reaction, in pregnancies complicated by low birthweight. We studied first trimester chorionic villus biopsies (CVBs) of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriately grown infants (AGA), along with third trimester placental s les from fetal growth restricted (FGR) and healthy gestation-matched controls. Placental creatine and creatine precursor (guanidinoacetate—GAA) levels were measured. Maternal and cord serum from control and FGR pregnancies were also analyzed for creatine concentration. mRNA expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine aminotransferase (GATM) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) mitochondrial (mtCK) and cytosolic (BBCK) creatine kinases and amino acid transporters (SLC7A1 & SLC7A2) was assessed in both CVBs and placental s les. Protein levels of AGAT (arginine:glycine aminotransferase), GAMT, mtCK and BBCK were also measured in placental s les. Key findings total creatine content of the third trimester FGR placentae was 43% higher than controls. The increased creatine content of placental tissue was not reflected in maternal or fetal serum from FGR pregnancies. Tissue concentrations of GAA were lower in the third trimester FGR placentae compared to controls, with lower GATM and GAMT mRNA expression also observed. No differences in the mRNA expression of GATM, GAMT or SLC6A8 were observed between CVBs from SGA and AGA pregnancies. These results suggest placental creatine metabolism in FGR pregnancies is altered in late gestation. The relevance of these changes on placental bioenergetics should be the focus of future investigations.
Profiling of polar metabolites in biological extracts using diamond hydride‐based aqueous normal phase chromatography
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2009
Abstract: Highly polar metabolites, such as sugars and most amino acids are not retained by conventional RP LC columns. Without sufficient retention low concentration compounds are not detected due ion suppression and structural isomers are not resolved. In contrast, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and aqueous normal phase chromatography (ANP) retain compounds based on their hydrophilicity and therefore provides a means of separating highly polar compounds. Here, an ANP method based on the diamond hydride stationary phase is presented for profiling biological small molecules by LC. A rapid separation system based upon a fast gradient that delivers reproducible chromatography is presented. Approximately 1000 compounds were reproducibly detected in human urine s les and clear differences between these s les were identified. This chromatography was also applied to xylem fluid from soyabean (Glycine max) plants to which 400 compounds were detected. This method greatly increases the metabolite coverage over RP-only metabolite profiling in biological s les. We show that both forms of chromatography are necessary for untargeted comprehensive metabolite profiling and that the diamond hydride stationary phase provides a good option for polar metabolite analysis.
The reducing end sequence of wheat endosperm cell wall arabinoxylans
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CARRES.2013.12.013
Abstract: Walls from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm are composed primarily of hetero-(arabino)xylans (AXs) (70%) and (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucans (20%) with minor amounts of cellulose and heteromannans (2% each). To understand the differential solubility properties of the AXs, as well as aspects of their biosynthesis, we are sequencing the xylan backbone and examining the reducing end (RE) sequence(s) of wheat (monocot) AXs. A previous study of grass AXs (switchgrass, rice, Brachypodium, Miscanthus and foxtail millet) concluded that grasses lacked the comparable RE glycosyl sequence (4-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-D-GalpA-(1→4)-D-Xylp) found in dicots and gymnosperms but the actual RE sequence was not determined. Here we report the isolation and structural characterisation of the RE oligosaccharide sequence(s) of wheat endosperm cell wall AXs. Walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) and sequentially extracted with hot water (W-sol Fr) and 1M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr). Detailed structural analysis of the RE oligosaccharides was performed using a combination of methylation analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-QTOF-MS, ESI-MS(n) and enzymic analysis. Analysis of RE oligosaccharides, both 2AB labelled (from W-sol Fr) and glycosyl-alditol (from KOH-sol Fr), revealed that the RE glycosyl sequence of wheat endosperm AX comprises a linear (1→4)-β-D-Xylp backbone which may be mono-substituted with either an α-L-Araf residue at the reducing end β-D-Xylp residue and/or penultimate RE β-D-Xyl residue β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-L-Araf-(1→3)](+/-)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-L-Araf-(1→3)](+/-)-β-D-Xylp and/or an α-D-GlcpA residue at the reducing end β-D-Xylp residue β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-L-Araf-(1→3)](+/-)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-D-GlcAp-(1→2)]-β-D-Xylp. Thus, wheat endosperm AX backbones lacks the RE sequence found in dicot and gymnosperm xylans a finding consistent with previous reports from other grass species.
Metabolic engineering of bread wheat improves grain iron concentration and bioavailability
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/PBI.13074
Analytical Approaches for the Detailed Characterization of Microalgal Lipid Extracts for the Production of Biodiesel
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-02-2015
Metabolites derived from fungi and bacteria suppress in vitro growth of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, a major threat to the global chestnut industry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11306-022-01933-4
Abstract: Chestnut rot caused by the fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is a disease present in the world’s major chestnut growing regions. The disease is considered a significant threat to the global production of nuts from the sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa ) . Conventional fungicides provide some control, but little is known about the potential of biological control agents (BCAs) as alternatives to manage the disease. Evaluate whether formulated BCAs and their secreted metabolites inhibit the in vitro growth of G. smithogilvyi. The antifungal potential of BCAs was assessed against the pathogen through an inverted plate assay for volatile compounds (VOCs), a diffusion assay for non-volatile compounds (nVOCs) and in dual culture. Methanolic extracts of nVOCs from the solid medium were further evaluated for their effect on conidia germination and were screened through an LC–MS-based approach for antifungal metabolites. Isolates of Trichoderma spp., derived from the BCAs, significantly suppressed the pathogen through the production of VOCs and nVOCs. The BCA from which Bacillus subtilis was isolated was more effective in growth inhibition through the production of nVOCs. The LC–MS based metabolomics on the nVOCs derived from the BCAs showed the presence of several antifungal compounds. The results show that G. smithogilvyi can be effectively controlled by the BCAs tested and that their use may provide a more ecological alternative for managing chestnut rot. The in vitro analysis should now be expanded to the field to assess the effectiveness of these alternatives for chestnut rot management.
Spatio-Temporal Metabolite and Elemental Profiling of Salt Stressed Barley Seeds During Initial Stages of Germination by MALDI-MSI and µ-XRF Spectrometry
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-09-2019
Membrane fouling by nanofibres and organic contaminants – Mechanisms and mitigation via periodic cleaning strategies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
A Quantitative Profiling Method of Phytohormones and Other Metabolites Applied to Barley Roots Subjected to Salinity Stress
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-01-2017
The Effects of Early-Onset Pre-Eclampsia on Placental Creatine Metabolism in the Third Trimester
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS21030806
Abstract: Creatine is a metabolite important for cellular energy homeostasis as it provides spatio-temporal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) buffering for cells with fluctuating energy demands. Here, we examined whether placental creatine metabolism was altered in cases of early-onset pre-ecl sia (PE), a condition known to cause placental metabolic dysfunction. We studied third trimester human placentae collected between 27–40 weeks’ gestation from women with early-onset PE (n = 20) and gestation-matched normotensive control pregnancies (n = 20). Placental total creatine and creatine precursor guanidinoacetate (GAA) content were measured. mRNA expression of the creatine synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine aminotransferase (GATM) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT), the creatine transporter (SLC6A8), and the creatine kinases (mitochondrial CKMT1A & cytosolic BBCK) was assessed. Placental protein levels of arginine:glycine aminotransferase (AGAT), GAMT, CKMT1A and BBCK were also determined. Key findings total creatine content of PE placentae was 38% higher than controls (p 0.01). mRNA expression of GATM (p 0.001), GAMT (p 0.001), SLC6A8 (p = 0.021) and BBCK (p 0.001) was also elevated in PE placentae. No differences in GAA content, nor protein levels of AGAT, GAMT, BBCK or CKMT1A were observed between cohorts. Advancing gestation and birth weight were associated with a down-regulation in placental GATM mRNA expression, and a reduction in GAA content, in control placentae. These relationships were absent in PE cases. Our results suggest PE placentae may have an ongoing reliance on the creatine kinase circuit for maintenance of cellular energetics with increased total creatine content and transcriptional changes to creatine synthesizing enzymes and the creatine transporter. Understanding the functional consequences of these changes warrants further investigation.
Development and Use of Kitchen Chemistry Home Practical Activities during Unanticipated Campus Closures
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-08-2020
A Workflow from Untargeted LC-MS Profiling to Targeted Natural Product Isolation
Publisher: Humana Press
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_5
Abstract: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS or HPLC-MS) is an extremely sensitive analytical technique that enables the detection of metabolites with a vast range of chemistries and molecular masses. Extracts from any biological starting material are first fractionated chromatographically on a stationary phase suitable for the retention of the target molecules. The eluent is then transferred directly to the ionization source for MS detection. There is a vast range of chromatographic separation methods and MS configurations. This chapter describes a method for the detection of a broad range of metabolites using reversed phase (C18) LC-MS as well as a method for the isolation of targeted metabolites of interest.
Hyperaccumulation of zinc by Noccaea caerulescens results in a cascade of stress responses and changes in the elemental profile
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4MT00132J
Abstract: Noccaea caerulescens can accumulate more than 2% Zn in the leaves without showing any outwards signs of toxicity however a myriad of elemental and metabolite changes occur at these concentrations.
High-mass-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging reveals detailed spatial distribution of metabolites and lipids in roots of barley seedlings in response to salinity stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-04-2018
Review of the structures and functions of algal photoreceptors to optimize bioproduct production with novel bioreactor designs for strain improvement
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2022
DOI: 10.1002/BIT.28116
Abstract: Microalgae are important renewable feedstock to produce biodiesel and high‐value chemicals. Different wavelengths of light influence the growth and metabolic activities of algae. Recent research has identified the light‐sensing proteins called photoreceptors that respond to blue or red light. Structural elucidations of algal photoreceptors have gained momentum over recent years. These include channelrhodopsins, PHOT proteins, animal‐like cryptochromes, and blue‐light sensors utilizing flavin‐adenine dinucleotide proteins. Pulsing light has also been investigated as a means to optimize energy inputs into bioreactors. This study summarizes the current structural and functional basis of photoreceptor modulation to optimize the growth, production of carotenoids and other high‐value metabolites from microalgae. The review also encompasses novel photobioreactor designs that implement different light regimes including light wavelengths and time to optimize algal growth and desired metabolite profiles for high‐value products.
Dual indicators link geochemistry to microbiota in blue carbon soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Optimisation of at-sea culture and harvest conditions for cultivated Macrocystis pyrifera: yield, biofouling and biochemical composition of cultured biomass
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-07-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2022.951538
Abstract: Seaweed cultivation is gaining interest world-wide for both food and non-food applications. Global seaweed aquaculture production currently exceeds 32 Mt WW per annum but is dominated (86% of total) by Asian countries. To meet future demand for seaweed products, regions beyond Asia with aquaculture production potential are being explored. The goal of this study was to assess the suitability of the native kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales), for aquaculture in Tasmania, south-eastern Australia. M. pyrifera was cultivated on seeded twine on loops (1 – 5 m depth) along 100-m longlines at two sites (Okeh ton Bay and Great Taylor Bay) from April-November 2020. Temporal and spatial variability in (1) yield (kg m -1 , WW), (2) biofouling (% coverage), and (3) biochemical composition (including proximate composition, fatty acids, dietary minerals, heavy metal profiling, C, N, H, S concentrations and C:N ratio, antioxidants (phenolic compounds), and pigments (Chl- a , Chl- c , fucoxanthin)) was compared amongst the two cultivation sites, at two depths (1 and 5 m) from harvests between July – November 2020. Yield (kg m -1 , WW) did not significantly change across harvest times, but was greater at a depth of 1 m compared to 5 m. Biofouling on the kelp blades increased significantly in early spring (September). The biochemical composition of the cultured biomass varied over time, between sites and with depth for most of the compounds analysed. Higher lipid, protein and ash content was reported for cultures cultivated at Okeh ton Bay compared to Great Taylor Bay and at 5 m compared to 1 m depth, and levels of these macronutrients decreased during the harvest period. The iodine content was slightly above the tolerable content for dried seaweed products in Australia and New Zealand. The combined results of yield, biofouling, and biochemical composition suggest that, for an April deployment at the sites investigated, M. pyrifera should be harvested in July-August (mid to late winter) to optimise yield and quality of the cultured kelp biomass. These findings provide a better understanding of the variation in growth and quality of cultivated M. pyrifera biomass in the region, and inform future management and development of kelp aquaculture in south-eastern Australia and in a global context.
Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Resolving 13C-Enrichment Patterns in a Microalgal Lipidome.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-06-2020
Detection of Endogenous Phosphatidylinositol 4,5–bisphosphate in Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/LIPD.12093
Abstract: Plant diseases caused by Phytophthora species are serious threats to agriculture and the natural environment. Genome sequencing has revealed the lack of a gene for canonical phospholipase C (PLC), an enzyme that was hitherto thought to be ubiquitous in eukaryotes. PLC acts in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P
Strategies for Extending Metabolomics Studies with Stable Isotope Labelling and Fluxomics
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-2016
OK google: what’s the answer? characteristics of students who searched the internet during an online chemistry examination
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-03-2022
Perils and promise of online exams
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2022
Lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed genetically engineered to contain DHA
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-2014
A gene cluster responsible for biosynthesis of phomenoic acid in the plant pathogenic fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FGB.2013.01.008
Abstract: Phomenoic acid, a long chain aliphatic carboxylic acid is a major metabolite produced by Leptosphaeria maculans, a fungal pathogen of Brassica napus (canola). This fungus has 15 predicted polyketide synthases (PKS) and seven of them have the appropriate domains for the biosynthesis of phomenoic acid. The most highly expressed PKS gene after 7 days growth in 10% V8 juice, PKS2, was silenced and the resultant mutant produced very low levels of phomenoic acid, indicating that this PKS is involved in phomenoic acid biosynthesis. This gene is part of a co-regulated cluster of genes. Reduced expression of an adjacent gene encoding the transcriptional regulator C6TF, led to reduced expression of genes for PKS2, P450, a cytochrome P450 monoxygenase, YogA, an alcohol dehydrogenase/quinone reductase, RTA1, a lipid transport exporter superfamily member and MFS, a Major Facilitator Superfamily transporter, as well as a marked reduction in phomenoic acid production. Phomenoic acid is toxic towards another canola pathogen Leptosphaeria biglobosa 'canadensis', but not towards L. maculans and only moderately toxic towards the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. This molecule is detected in infected stems and stubble of B. napus, but biosynthesis of it does not appear to be essential for pathogenicity of L. maculans. Phomenoic acid may play a role in allowing L. maculans to outcompete other fungi in its environmental niche.
Comparative spatial lipidomics analysis reveals cellular lipid remodelling in different developmental zones of barley roots in response to salinity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13653
Multi-year field evaluation of nicotianamine biofortified bread wheat
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.15623
Abstract: Conventional breeding efforts for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) biofortification of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) have been hindered by a lack of genetic variation for these traits and a negative correlation between grain Fe and Zn concentrations and yield. We have employed genetic engineering to constitutively express (CE) the rice ( Oryza sativa ) nicotianamine synthase 2 ( OsNAS2 ) gene and upregulate biosynthesis of two metal chelators – nicotianamine (NA) and 2′‐deoxymugineic acid (DMA) – in bread wheat, resulting in increased Fe and Zn concentrations in wholemeal and white flour. Here we describe multi‐location confined field trial (CFT) evaluation of a low‐copy transgenic CE‐ OsNAS2 wheat event (CE‐1) over 3 years and demonstrate higher concentrations of NA, DMA, Fe, and Zn in CE‐1 wholemeal flour, white flour, and white bread and higher Fe bioavailability in CE‐1 white flour relative to a null segregant (NS) control. Multi‐environment models of agronomic and grain nutrition traits revealed a negative correlation between grain yield and grain Fe, Zn, and total protein concentrations, yet no correlation between grain yield and grain NA and DMA concentrations. White flour Fe bioavailability was positively correlated with white flour NA concentration, suggesting that NA‐chelated Fe should be targeted in wheat Fe biofortification efforts.
Exploring Engagement as a Predictor of Success in the Transition to Online Learning in First Year Chemistry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-08-2020
A quantitative analysis of microalgal lipids for optimization of biodiesel and omega-3 production
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2013
DOI: 10.1002/BIT.24844
Global Fecal and Plasma Metabolic Dynamics Related to Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-03-2017
Nickel biopathways in tropical nickel hyperaccumulating trees from Sabah (Malaysia)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/SREP41861
Abstract: The extraordinary level of accumulation of nickel (Ni) in hyperaccumulator plants is a consequence of specific metal sequestering and transport mechanisms, and knowledge of these processes is critical for advancing an understanding of transition element metabolic regulation in these plants. The Ni biopathways were elucidated in three plant species, Phyllanthus balgooyi, Phyllanthus securinegioides (Phyllanthaceae) and Rinorea bengalensis (Violaceae), that occur in Sabah (Malaysia) on the Island of Borneo. This study showed that Ni is mainly concentrated in the phloem in roots and stems (up to 16.9% Ni in phloem sap in Phyllanthus balgooyi ) in all three species. However, the species differ in their leaves – in P. balgooyi the highest Ni concentration is in the phloem, but in P. securinegioides and R. bengalensis in the epidermis and in the spongy mesophyll ( R. bengalensis) . The chemical speciation of Ni 2+ does not substantially differ between the species nor between the plant tissues and transport fluids, and is unambiguously associated with citrate. This study combines ion microbeam (PIXE and RBS) and metabolomics techniques (GC-MS, LC-MS) with synchrotron methods (XAS) to overcome the drawbacks of the in idual techniques to quantitatively determine Ni distribution and Ni 2+ chemical speciation in hyperaccumulator plants.
A Simple Method for Measuring Carbon-13 Fatty Acid Enrichment in the Major Lipid Classes of Microalgae Using GC-MS
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-11-2016
Reduced Triacylglycerol Mobilization during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Arabidopsis Containing Nutritionally Important Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-09-2016
Abstract: There are now several ex les of plant species engineered to synthesize and accumulate nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids in their seed triacylglycerols (TAG). The utilization of TAG in germinating seeds of such transgenic plants was unknown. In this study, we examined the TAG utilization efficiency during seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds containing several ex les of these fatty acids. Seed TAG species with native fatty acids had higher utilization rate than the TAG species containing transgenically produced polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conversely, quantification of the fatty acid components remaining in the total TAG after early stages of seed germination revealed that the undigested TAGs tended to contain elevated levels of the engineered polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). LC-MS analysis further revealed asymmetrical mobilization rates for the in idual TAG species. TAGs which contained multiple PUFA fatty acids were mobilized slower than the species containing single PUFA. The mobilized engineered fatty acids were used in
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