RCTs on Trial: How Placebo Effects Could Undermine Double-blind RCTs. Double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for establishing treatment efficacy. However, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that they do not adequately control for the placebo effect. Cost and ethical considerations prevent researchers conducting actual double-blind RCTs with patients from exploring these issues. To address this gap, this project uses nove ....RCTs on Trial: How Placebo Effects Could Undermine Double-blind RCTs. Double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for establishing treatment efficacy. However, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that they do not adequately control for the placebo effect. Cost and ethical considerations prevent researchers conducting actual double-blind RCTs with patients from exploring these issues. To address this gap, this project uses novel experimental models to systematically test key aspects of the double-blind RCT methodology that are intended to control for the placebo effect. The project aims to provide essential data on the validity of these trials, thereby improving Australia's health and ensuring that Government treatment subsidies are well spent.Read moreRead less
From fluid intelligence to crystallised expertise: an integrative Bayesian approach. Intelligence is correlated with learning but uncorrelated with most aspects of expertise. Why is this so? Why does the role of intelligence diminish as one becomes more expert at a task? This project examines a broad range of cognitive tasks to provide a concise mathematical description of how intelligence relates to expertise.
Memory consolidation - Integrating cognitive science and neuroscience approaches to how we remember and how we forget. How can we forget what happened yesterday, but vividly remember our first kiss? Neuroscientists think the brain has a special mechanism to strengthen memories with time, but many psychologists disagree. The project aims to bring the brain and the mind closer together, using the cutting-edge combination of brain imaging and psychological modelling.
Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL180100094
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,749,550.00
Summary
Responding to the challenge of identity change. This project aims to advance our understanding of factors that promote successful adjustment to collective-level change, which is imperative for well-being and the fabric of society. The psychological and financial cost of not understanding these dynamics is significant, and is at the forefront of concerns in organisational, educational, community and national contexts. This project will help elucidate the complexities of collective-level change an ....Responding to the challenge of identity change. This project aims to advance our understanding of factors that promote successful adjustment to collective-level change, which is imperative for well-being and the fabric of society. The psychological and financial cost of not understanding these dynamics is significant, and is at the forefront of concerns in organisational, educational, community and national contexts. This project will help elucidate the complexities of collective-level change and adjustment to such change, providing benefits to communities, organisations and policy makers. The project builds on The Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC), a theoretical approach which helps to understand how people might effectively cope with change; it forms the basis of an ambitious and integrated theoretical program of research that will examine SIMIC predictions in novel contexts.Read moreRead less
A honking horn can blind you: how sudden distractions redirect attention. This project aims to investigate the sudden offset of distraction and its effects. Distraction can have a devastating impact on our ability to pay attention. This project derives its approach to distraction from recent neurophysiological advances in understanding the Locus Coeruleus–Norepinephrine system. The project intends to establish the role of the Locus Coeruleus in sudden distraction and to examine how sudden distra ....A honking horn can blind you: how sudden distractions redirect attention. This project aims to investigate the sudden offset of distraction and its effects. Distraction can have a devastating impact on our ability to pay attention. This project derives its approach to distraction from recent neurophysiological advances in understanding the Locus Coeruleus–Norepinephrine system. The project intends to establish the role of the Locus Coeruleus in sudden distraction and to examine how sudden distraction interacts with both environmental and internal factors. The outcomes of the research may lead to improvements in technology to enhance road safety and reduce the social and physical costs of distraction-related accidents. This should provide significant benefits such as informing policies on distraction-while-driving to make Australia’s roads safer.Read moreRead less
Placing prediction into the fear circuit. How do we predict danger in our world? This project will identify the psychological mechanisms and brain pathways that allow us to learn to fear and to also overcome fear when it becomes pathological.
Effort and reward valuation. This project aims to examine the relationships between effort, value, and life satisfaction. Effort, which is closely akin to motivation, is influenced by several variables. The project will reveal the psychological variables that cause effort to have a positive as well as a negative influence on reward valuation. This will help to understand how, when, and why effort influences motivation, and how these processes may encourage healthier, more productive choices, and ....Effort and reward valuation. This project aims to examine the relationships between effort, value, and life satisfaction. Effort, which is closely akin to motivation, is influenced by several variables. The project will reveal the psychological variables that cause effort to have a positive as well as a negative influence on reward valuation. This will help to understand how, when, and why effort influences motivation, and how these processes may encourage healthier, more productive choices, and improved satisfaction with life.Read moreRead less
Poor social functioning in schizophrenia: understanding its causes and developing better treatments. This project will advance knowledge of the thinking processes and the associated neural changes that cause the lifelong social disability which characterises schizophrenia. Findings will, in turn, contribute to better identifying young people, at risk of developing schizophrenia, and inform the design of new interventions and treatments.
Assessing the Australian Football League's (AFL) racial and religious vilification laws to promote community harmony, multiculturalism and reconciliation. This interdisciplinary project analyses the effectiveness of AFL corporate policy on racial and religious vilification with a view to providing recommendations for further policy actions. A better understanding of how ethnic harmony, diversity and toleration can be achieved will help strengthen the social fabric of the Australian community. As ....Assessing the Australian Football League's (AFL) racial and religious vilification laws to promote community harmony, multiculturalism and reconciliation. This interdisciplinary project analyses the effectiveness of AFL corporate policy on racial and religious vilification with a view to providing recommendations for further policy actions. A better understanding of how ethnic harmony, diversity and toleration can be achieved will help strengthen the social fabric of the Australian community. As the AFL is one of the largest corporate employers of Indigenous and multicultural Australians, the lessons learned from the operation of its policies and education programs will have important implications for a wide range of Australians across many sectors. Benefits will include recommendations to develop policy frameworks, cross-cultural training and community capacity building.Read moreRead less
How many types of reasoning are there and how do they develop? This project will identify the fundamental components of human reasoning and examine how they change during the primary and junior high school years. It lays the foundation for the development of better methods for teaching children and adults how to reason.