ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8824-7531
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-12-2019
Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate high performance athlete perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches, specifically, (1) their character traits, (2) the effective behaviours that display these traits, and (3) how these relationships were fostered. Using the 3+1 C’s model of coach–athlete relationships as a framework (Jowett, 2007), 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with high performance athletes (six female six male) representing a variety of sports (i.e., freestyle wrestling, triathlon, field hockey, cycling, rowing, rugby union, netball, table tennis, and ice hockey). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 53 years (M = 29, SD = 9). Interviews took between 19–47 min and were transcribed verbatim. The transcripts equated to a total of 188 pages of data that were analyzed, coded, and further grouped into higher-order themes and general dimensions. The findings revealed 14 higher-order themes categorized under the 3+1 C’s general dimensions of closeness, commitment, complementarity, and co-orientation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-022-00449-4
Abstract: The aims of this review are to (1) summarise the current research of sports clothing as it relates to thermoregulation, comfort, and performance during exercise in the heat, (2) identify methodological limitations and gaps in the knowledge base of sports clothing, and (3) provide recommendations for exercise testing protocols to accurately assess the impact of sports clothing in athletic populations during exercise in the heat. Sports clothing consists of lightweight and breathable fabrics, surface treatments, and various designs which aim to enhance sweat evaporation and comfort during exercise in the heat. Sports clothing comprised of natural, synthetic, and chemically treated fabrics has been investigated during exercise of varying durations (15–120 min), intensities (20–70% VO 2 max) and types (fixed intensity, incremental, self-paced), and in an array of climatic conditions (18–40 °C, 20–60% relative humidity). To date, few studies have identified significant differences in thermo-physiological, perceptual, and performance measures between natural and synthetic fabrics or compared the effect of chemical treatments to their non-treated equivalent on such measures during exercise. Collectively, previous wearer trials have failed to replicate the upper limit of training and competition demands when assessing sports clothing in endurance-trained in iduals who regularly train and compete in hot and humid climates. Clothing comfort has also been evaluated using simple scales which fail to capture intricate detail pertaining to psychological and sensorial parameters. The incorporation of protocols using hot and humid climates (≥ 30 °C, ≥ 70% relative humidity) and longer exercise durations ( 45 min) is warranted. Future research should also consider exploring the effect of sports clothing on thermal, physiological, perceptual, and performance measures between males and females, and assessing clothing comfort using a multi-dimensional approach.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-12-2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002654
Abstract: Hoffmann, SM, Skinner, TL, van Rosendal, SP, Osborne, MA, Emmerton, LM, and Jenkins, DG. The efficacy of the lactate threshold: A sex-based comparison. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3190–3198, 2020—The second lactate threshold (LT 2 ) has previously been associated with endurance performance however, comparisons between sexes are lacking regarding its efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare LT 2 between men and women, specifically regarding its (a) relationship with endurance performance and (b) capacity to establish training and competition intensities. Competitive male (mean ± SD : age, 27.7 ± 4.7 years V̇ o 2 max, 59.7 ± 5.2 ml·kg·min −1 n = 10) and female (mean ± SD : age, 27.3 ± 6.2 years V̇ o 2 max, 54.5 ± 5.3 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 n = 12) cyclists and triathletes completed an incremental cycle trial to volitional fatigue (for determination of V̇ o 2 max and LT 2 via the modified D-max method), a constant load (±5%) exercise trial of 30 minutes at LT 2 power output, and a 40-km cycle time trial. The LT 2 significantly correlated with 40-km cycling performance in both men ( r = −0.69 to −0.77 p 0.01–0.05) and women ( r = −0.63 to −0.75 p 0.01–0.05). All men sustained LT 2 power output for 30 minutes, compared with 82% of women. Despite LT 2 reflecting a similar heart rate, V̇ o 2, and [La − ] to those elicited during a 40-km time trial in both men and women, power output at LT 2 was 6% higher ( p 0.05) than mean time trial power output in women, with no significant difference in men. Based on these findings, sex-specific recommendations have been suggested in regard to the use of LT 2 for establishing performance potential, prescribing endurance training intensities and setting 40-km performance intensity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-022-04897-4
Abstract: In young adults, the hormonal responses to resistance exercise are lified by normobaric hypoxia. Hormone concentrations and metabolism are typically dysregulated with age, yet the impact of hypoxia on these responses to resistance exercise are uncharacterised. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise the acute and chronic hormonal and metabolic responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia. Adults aged 60-75 years completed 8 weeks of resistance training in either normoxia (20.9% O Eight weeks of training in hypoxia did not affect the resting levels of the hormones or physiological factors measured. However, hypoxia significantly blunted the acute growth hormone response in the 15 min following the last training session at week eight (43.87% lower in the hypoxic group p = 0.017). This novel and unexpected finding requires further investigation. All other hormones were unaffected acutely by hypoxia in the 60 min following the first and the last training session. Chronic resistance training in normobaric hypoxia supresses the growth hormone response to exercise in older adults. All other hormones and metabolic markers were unaffected both acutely and chronically by hypoxia.
Publisher: Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
Date: 2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2020-000778
Abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been a rising concern in the early years of the women’s Australian Football League (AFLW), eliciting headlines of a ‘knee crisis’ surrounding the league. There has been a focus on female biology as the primary factor driving the high rate of ACL injuries in the AFLW. Emphasising Australian football (AF) as being dangerous predominantly due to female biology may be misrepresenting a root cause of the ACL injury problem, perpetuating gender stereotypes that can restrict physical development and participation of women and girls in the sport. We propose that an approach addressing environmental and sociocultural factors, along with biological determinants, is required to truly challenge the ACL injury problem in the AFLW. Sports science and medicine must therefore strive to understand the whole system of women in AF, and question how to address inequities for the benefit of the athletes.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-06-2021
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004073
Abstract: Carson, F, Blakey, M, Foulds, SJ, Hinck, K, and Hoffmann, SM. Behaviors and actions of the strength and conditioning coach in fostering a positive coach-athlete relationship. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3256–3263, 2022—A number of models have been developed to explain the various factors that affect coach-athlete interactions however, they have had limited application to strength and conditioning (S& C). A systematic review of the literature was completed using the databases SPORTDiscus Full Text, MEDLINE, Global Health, Academic Search Complete, and PsychINFO, sourcing articles related to S& C coach-athlete relationships. An initial search yielded 1,364 articles, which when screened against the inclusion criteria was narrowed to 8 articles relating specifically to the S& C coach-athlete relationship. Four major themes were identified throughout the included articles: leadership styles perceptions of leadership coach knowledge, experience, and training and building relationships. These themes highlighted that positive coach-athlete interactions are fostered through a mutual understanding of the S& C coach's responsibility to improve performance and reduce injury through scientific methods, with an awareness of different psychosocial behaviors of both the coach and the athlete. This will create a mutual interconnectedness whereby both parties can participate in a functional dyad. Three practical applications deduced from the findings identified the importance of building an autonomy-supportive environment, keeping knowledge and expertise at a high standard, and embracing the whole person rather than just the athlete. These teachings aim to guide S& C coaches through the necessary actions and behaviors recommended to successfully build and foster positive S& C coach-athlete relationships.
No related grants have been discovered for Samantha Hoffmann.