ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3389-8393
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2020.02.016
Abstract: Perinatal death has far reaching emotional effects for all involved in this devastating event. The opportunity for learning as a result of this catastrophe, however, remains unexplored. To explore midwives' experiences of caring through, and learning from, perinatal death, to better inform the effective planning and delivery of education that optimises both midwifery and self-care. A naturalistic interpretive multiple case study design. Seventeen midwives, located in Australia, participated in an online group activity hosted as a blog, followed by telephonic focus groups and in-depth email interviews. Thematic data analysis revealed seven major themes: Grappling with the reality of perinatal death Struggling with personal and professional heartache Seeking the space to grieve as a professional Being with the woman and her family Finding a new purpose Strengthened through support and Developing the courage to care. The initial turmoil and impact of loss reflected the catastrophic nature of perinatal death. Midwives uncovered a journey to acceptance and learning, realising a determination to enhance expertise and discovering value in experiential knowledge. Insecurity regarding competence and confidence to manage perinatal death and bereavement care was highlighted. However, sharing their stories revealed professional fulfilment, personal strength, and solidarity amongst midwives who have endured similar experiences. A coordinated approach to support and the dissemination of experiential knowledge and learning could be developed within an online model of narrative sharing and discussion. Debriefing, support and sharing of expertise in this way may foster engagement within and beyond the workplace.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1990
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/AH18155
Abstract: Objectives The primary objective of this study was to establish whether clinical depression and increased suicide risk differed between Australian fly-in, fly-out (FIFO) workers and their residential counterparts in the resources sector. We also sought to identify whether bullying and social support were associated with depression and suicide risk in this cohort. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was used. Completed questionnaires were received from 751 respondents who were employed in the Australian resources sector. Primary outcomes were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised. A general linear model was used to examine the association between depression, hopelessness and predictive factors. Results The results of a general linear model analysis demonstrated that depression (partial η2 = 0.02 P = 0.01) and hopelessness (partial η2 = 0.02 P = 0.02) were significantly higher in residential than FIFO workers. In addition, bullying was significantly associated with higher levels of depression (partial η2 = 0.11 P = 0.001) and hopelessness (partial η2 = 0.04 P = 0.001). Finally, increased social support was significantly associated with lower depression rates (partial η2 = 0.13 P = 0.001) and hopelessness (partial η2 = 0.14 P = 0.001). Conclusions Interventions should be delivered to reduce depression and hopelessness in Australian resource workers, particularly through addressing workplace bullying and enhancing social support. What is known about the topic? One-third of Australian resource workers experience psychosocial distress. Research examining factors that influence such distress is lacking. What does this paper add? The results of this study demonstrate that clinical depression and suicide risk were significantly higher in residential resource workers than in FIFO workers. Depression and suicide risk were directly associated with workplace bullying. In addition, social support was an important protective factor against depression and bullying in Australian FIFO and residential resource workers. What are the implications for practitioners? There is an urgent need to introduce interventions that reduce psychosocial distress in the resource sector, particularly through the mitigation of bullying
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1996
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2007
Abstract: Childhood obesity has reached alarming levels and the problem has assumed great significance for health care staff who work with overweight children and their families. Anecdotal accounts of the difficulties that may emerge when health care providers communicate that a child's weight is outside of the normal range, were a key stimulus for this review. A local government health department commissioned a review of literature on communicating with parents about childhood overweight and obesity. Literature concerned with communicating a child's overweight to parents was limited and, as a result, this review draws upon a disparate body of literature to examine what is known and what might be helpful for health care providers when discussing a child's weight with the child and parents. This paper identifies a range of factors influencing communication between health care workers and parents and offers a number of practical approaches and strategies for facilitating successful communication between health practitioners and the parents of children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-11-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JCOP.22145
Abstract: This study examines the association between suicide risk and social support in Australian resource sector employees. We included 150 participants, who completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale and MOS-Social Support Survey. Data were analyzed using smallest space analysis and multidimensional scalogram analysis. The analysis identified four distinct regions, which were conceptualized as "confiding," "affection," "companionship," and "practical help." All of these components of social support were associated with hopelessness, which has important clinical implications as hopelessness is related to suicide risk. The results of this study also demonstrated that lower levels of social support, and greater sense of perceived hopelessness tended to lead to Australian resource workers seeking assistance from mental health professionals in the previous year. Attention should turn towards providing interventions that promote social support for employees in Australian resource industry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7489(95)00039-9
Abstract: The official records of seclusion on one locked ward in a city hospital were analysed. In the first instance we examined the frequency of seclusion, the sex and type of the patients secluded over a 4-year period. Following the introduction of a new recording system, a more detailed analysis of all the official records of seclusion over a 2-year period was then carried out (n = 225). The findings are presented here as simple frequency counts and provide a detailed picture of the use of seclusion in this particular area. They include details about the way in which seclusion was used on the ward and the reasons staff provided for secluding patients. The use of official records as research data illustrate how important insights into the daily care of psychiatric patients may be explored in a fruitful manner.
Publisher: Common Ground Research Networks
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/SCS.12623
Abstract: The level of carer burden has increased as carers take on more responsibility for mental health consumers as a result of the contemporary shift in the delivery of services from institutional to community settings. Interventions are required to mitigate mental health carer burden. Therefore, we examined the association between dispositional gratitude and burden in a cross-sectional survey of 231 Australian mental health carers. Dispositional gratitude was assessed by the S-GRAT, and carer burden was measured using the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire. The results of a general linear model demonstrated that higher levels of a lack of sense of deprivation were significantly associated with lower levels of tension, worrying and urging. In contrast, higher levels of simple appreciation were significantly associated with higher levels of supervision, worrying and urging. Our findings highlight that gratitude interventions should focus on promoting a lack of sense of deprivation and appreciation of others in order to reduce mental health carer burden.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2014.05.004
Abstract: The cultural phenomenon of "teenage pregnancy and motherhood" has been socially constructed and (mis)represented in social and health care discourses for several decades. Despite a growing body of qualitative research that presents an alternative and positive view of young motherhood, there remains a significant gap between pregnant and young women's experience of young motherhood and current global health and social policy that directs service delivery and practice. This paper aims to heighten awareness of how a negative social construction of young motherhood influences global health and social policy that directs current community health models of practice and care for young mothers in the community. There is clear evidence on the vital role social support plays in young women's experience of pregnancy and motherhood, particularly in forming a positive motherhood identity. This discussion paper calls us to start open and honest dialogue on how we may begin to re-vision the 'deficit view' of young motherhood in order to address this contradiction between research evidence, policy discourse and current practice and service provision. Qualitative research that privileges young women's voices by considering the multidimensional experiences of young motherhood is an important step towards moving away from universally prescribed interventions to a non-standard approach that fosters relational and responsive relationships with young mothers that includes addressing the immediate needs of young mothers at the particular time.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12104
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1002/ANZF.1228
Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Date: 09-2016
Abstract: The primary aim of family planning program is to enable women to fulfill their own needs and desires toward childbearing whether they want to space or limit their birth. However, issues of unmet need in Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province become the urgent problem to be address recently. Based on the data set of the 2014 Mini Survey of Eligible couple in Indonesia, this study attempted to identify the demographic characteristic of women aged 15 – 49 with unmet need, to describe their experienced used contraceptive and to find out reasons for nonuse of contraceptive. This study found that women with unmet need are more likely to be higher among older women, have lower and higher level of education, living in urban areas, and have more number of living children. Most of respondents stated that they had experienced to use contraception before with injectable, IUDs and pill. Other results show a significant number of women mentioned method-related reasons (fear of side effects, health concerns, and inconvenient to use) as most often cited reasons for nonuse. Some important policy implications offered from this study in order to eradicate barriers to the use of contraceptive methods are to improve follow-up, strengthen counselling approaches to address fear of side effects, promote information, education and communication (IEC) on reproductive health and provide availability of the most suitable method according to the need, such as to avoid health problems of women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2017.12.019
Abstract: Aggression and violence is a significant social problem in many countries and an increasing problem in healthcare settings in which nurses are particularly vulnerable. The literature suggests that aggression and violence has a significant negative impact upon nurses and potentially upon nursing students and can result in these staff members experiencing stress as a direct result of these adverse events. The literature suggests that there is confusion over what constitutes aggression and violence in the workplace and therefore a true lack of understanding of the scale of the problem relating to nursing students. This review proposes that nursing students are indeed at significant risk of aggression and violence in the clinical setting which has the potential to significantly impact their role as a novice carer. Furthermore, aggression and violence can manifest negative stress responses in in iduals, therefore, the potential for nursing students to cope with stressful situations shall be presented.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2003
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-172X.2003.00448.X
Abstract: Collaborative research between educational institutions and health agencies is being increasingly used as a method of achieving joint outcomes and bringing together theory and practice. This paper reports on the experiences of collaboration that arose out of just such a project carried out in a residential aged care setting. The research team included university academics, two nurses in management positions in the aged care facility and a senior research assistant. In this paper, we explore some of the unexpected issues that emerged during implementation of the research project. The major challenges to successful collaboration arose not from within the collaborative research team, but from the responses of the broader staff who generally had little, if any, experience of research. Despite efforts to inform and involve staff, deep suspicions about the 'real' motives of the project proved difficult to shift. Trust and commitment are vital dimensions of successful collaborative research, yet gaining these from some staff proved elusive. Collaborative relationships between educational and practice settings need to be viewed as long-term endeavours driven by a common unifying goal to enhance client care. This has implications for costs and timelines which might be difficult to manage.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1997
DOI: 10.1177/0306624X9704100107
Abstract: The social climate of the hospital is an important determinant of the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour of patients and employees. In this study we explored the social climate of a newly established forensic unit using the short form of the Correctional Institute Environmental Scale (CIES). Our purpose was to assess the social climate in the clinic according to the views of patients and nursing staff The social climate profiles that emerged showed a high level of congruence between these groups. A statistical analysis revealed significant differences between staff and patient perceptions on three of the nine subscales-autonomy, practical orientation, and staff control. However, both groups perceived the level of staff control to be low. The unit was found to encourage open and supportive relationships between patients and staff.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1989.TB01550.X
Abstract: This report outlines the results of a survey of trained nurses' perceptions about themselves as professional carers. Twenty-five nurses of charge nurse grade were interviewed using Kelly's personal construct theory and repertory grid technique. Nurses were asked to elicit eight bipolar constructs and to rate eight elements, including a 'myself as a carer' element and an 'ideal self as a carer' element, on a seven-point rating scale. A simple difference score was calculated to measure the degree of discrepancy between these two elements. Observed differences were assumed to be indicative of the need for personal change. Differences emerged for each of the 25 informants. Some possible explanations for these findings are provided, in particular the personal cost of caring for the carer is emphasized. Further research in this area must take account of this new finding.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1988
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(88)90124-4
Abstract: People with fibromyalgia (FM) report a number of physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether people with FM differed based on the type and severity of symptoms, and if so, whether subgroups differ with respect to health care utilization, functional ability, and work status. Symptom, health care utilization, work, and physical data were available for 2,182 female responders to an Internet survey. Factor analysis was conducted on the physical and cognitive sychological symptoms, and resulting factor scores were utilized in a cluster analysis to identify subgroups based on symptoms. Cluster groups were compared on a set of variables (e.g., health care utilization, coping). Factor analyses resulted in 3 symptom factor scores: musculoskeletal, non-musculoskeletal, and cognitive sychological symptoms. The optimal cluster solution to the cluster analysis revealed 4 clusters. Group 1 was high on all 3 symptom domains, group 2 was moderate on the 2 physical symptom domains and high on cognitive sychological symptoms, group 3 was moderate on the 2 physical symptom domains and low on cognitive sychological symptoms, and group 4 was low on all symptom domains. The more symptomatic groups reported the greatest amount of health care utilization and difficulty in coping with symptoms. The FM population is heterogeneous with regard to symptom reporting. Additional research is needed to better understand differential symptom experience among people with FM. Clarification of these differences may increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in FM and provide guidance for treatment decisions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10597-017-0177-9
Abstract: Advocacy plays a vital role in ensuring that mental health consumers' rights are maintained. However, the primary issues for which consumers seek advocacy support remain unknown. Understanding these issues provides a sound basis from which advocacy organisations may develop a clear service delivery focus. This study addresses the literature gap through presenting a qualitative analysis of 60 records from an advocacy service. Four major themes emerged, across which two key issues were dominant: the sense of fearfulness and disempowerment. These issues accentuate the importance of advocates in enhancing the agency of mental health consumers.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-02-2015
Abstract: Pregnant and young mothers’ stories often go untold or are poorly represented within dominant health and social care discourses. Consequently, narratives of young mothers are largely absent from social and health care literature, especially in relation to how young women make sense, understand, and experience young motherhood. Drawing on 7 months of participant observation fieldwork at a community service, and 11 in-depth interviews, we discuss six metaphorical themes which capture the experiences of young mothers using a narrative approach. These include: Picking up the Pieces Walking a Narrow and Familiar Path Jumping over Puddles Riding the Rapids to Motherhood Living with Dirty Looks and Asking for Directions. Contrary to the wider community’s deficit view and stereotypes of young mothers, what emerged from the narratives was quite a different story. Becoming a young mother meant taking a stand against stigma from the wider community recognising motherhood as a significant and transformational turning point in their lives, one that opened doors to alternative storylines of hope, autonomy and agency, especially given a supportive context. These findings enhance our understandings by widening the lens to erse realities that exist in young mothers’ lives and present a strong case for using a narrative approach to research and practice when working with young mothers.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2850.1996.TB00075.X
Abstract: Partitioning proteins are well studied as molecular organizers of chromosome and plasmid segregation during ision, however little is known about the roles partitioning proteins can play within type IV secretion systems. The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-secreting gonococcal T4SS has two partitioning proteins, ParA and ParB. These proteins work in collaboration with the relaxase TraI as essential facilitators of type IV secretion. Bacterial two-hybrid experiments identified interactions between each partitioning protein and the relaxase. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that ParA is found in the cellular membrane, whereas ParB is primarily in the membrane, but some of the protein is in the soluble fraction. Since TraI is known to be membrane-associated, these data suggest that the gonococcal relaxosome is a membrane-associated complex. In addition, we found that translation of ParA and ParB is controlled by an RNA switch. Different mutations within the stem-loop sequence predicted to alter folding of this RNA structure greatly increased or decreased levels of the partitioning proteins.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1375/JSC.3.1.50
Abstract: The prevalence of smoking is much higher among the poor, marginalised and disenfranchised. Those who are dependent on alcohol and other drugs, suffering mental illness, and Indigenous people are among the heaviest smokers and are least likely to quit. This article describes a smallscale evaluation of a smoking cessation program, which used tailored nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aimed at these groups, between 2004 to 2006. A mixed methodology approach to data collection was employed. The quantitative data indicated that a low level of success was achieved by program participants. The qualitative data provided rich accounts of peoples' experiences in the program. These could be used to develop more effective programs that take a full account of the complex issues that shape participants' responses to smoking cessation and provide greater levels of sustained motivation. Several issues related to the conduct of rigorous evaluation studies in this context are highlighted.
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 20-08-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1990
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(90)90048-U
Abstract: This paper describes how the repertory grid technique was used to structure interviews with ward sisters and charge nurses to explore their perceptions about the nature of caring in nursing practice. Informants were also asked to assess themselves as carers. The interviews generated both qualitative and quantitative data and the findings which emerged were used to guide further qualitative interviews with nurses and patients in the next stage of the study.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1999
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-0979.1999.00125.X
Abstract: All grades of nursing staff in a recently established interim secure forensic unit completed the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS n = 40). High levels of job satisfaction were achieved on four of the IWS subscales: (i) professional status (ii) interaction (iii) doctor-nurse relationship and (iv) autonomy. Moderate levels of satisfaction were found on two of the subscales, task requirements and administration, while the salary subscale was the major area of dissatisfaction across the group. The high level of overall satisfaction in this area of psychiatric nursing may be regarded as a significant achievement in the development of new clinical services in what is regarded as a stressful area of nursing. Measures of job satisfaction may be useful benchmarks for evaluating future changes and developments in the service and for monitoring and improving the clinical work environment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-06-2016
DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1191565
Abstract: Although Recovery-oriented approaches to delivering mental health services are now promoted in health services across the globe, there is an ongoing need to adapt these approaches to meet the unique needs of consumers with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. The lived experience of borderline personality disorder includes emotional dysregulation, intense and unstable relationships, self-harming behaviours, fear of abandonment, and a limited capacity to cope with stress. These experiences present a range of challenges for those who deliver Recovery-oriented services and advocate the principles of empowerment and self-determination. This paper describes a novel crisis intervention program, "Open Borders," which has been established to meet the unique needs of people with a borderline personality disorder diagnosis. Open Borders is a Recovery-oriented model that is run at a public, state-wide residential facility for mental health consumers in Western Australia, and offers alternative pathways to achieving mental health Recovery, including self-referral and short-term admission to a residential facility. The aims of the program are to break the cycle of hospital admission, reduce rates of self-harm, and support the complex Recovery journey of consumers with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Open Borders provides an exemplar for other health service organisations seeking to establish Recovery-oriented crisis intervention alternatives.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7489(94)90045-0
Abstract: A person's willingness to disclose things about him or herself is an important facet of all social interaction. In professional helping relationships effective management of treatment and therapy may depend ultimately on a person's self-disclosures. Sidney Jourard claimed in 1971 that "disclosure begets disclosure". It is important therefore to explore professional helpers' willingness to disclose things about themselves, as this may influence the dialogue which they have with their clients and patients. In this paper we describe a replication of a small study carried out by Sidney Jourard in 1961. An opportunistic s le of 25 undergraduate nursing students was asked to complete Jourard's self-disclosure questionnaire. Analysis of the findings suggested that, overall, the students in this study were more self-disclosing than was the case in the earlier study. Other findings are noted as are the limitations of this form of exploration of self-disclosure.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1992
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1992.TB02814.X
Abstract: The ideal that patients should be participants in their own care has found wide acceptance amongst nurses. Yet within the academic discipline of nursing little has been done to clarify the nature of participation. In this paper, a phenomenology of participation is presented as it applies to the caring work of nursing. Participation requires: (a) attunement to a mutual 'stock of knowledge at hand' (b) emotional and motivational attunement to the other's concerns (c) taking for granted (and implicitly assuming the other takes it for granted) that one can contribute worthily (d) feeling that one's identity is not under threat. Though it is difficult to attain, participation appears to embody many of the ideals central to current thinking in nursing. Moreover, the attempt to build participatory relationships with patients is ethically required of members of a 'caring' profession.
Publisher: Macmillan Education UK
Date: 1997
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1988
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1988.TB01434.X
Abstract: A survey of consumer satisfaction was carried out on one ward of the psychiatric unit of a district general hospital. Data were collected by questionnaire, the content of the questionnaire being guided by a number of semi-structured interviews. The information collected suggested many ways in which the patients' time in hospital could be made more comfortable and relaxed. Areas attracting particular concern were the food, noise, the provision of information and boredom. The various methods which can be used to elicit consumer views are described, and we have discussed the value and possible obstacles to users having more influence in the planning and running of mental health services.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(91)90087-Q
Abstract: The system of nurse education in the UK is undergoing a radical shake-up. Many new courses are being designed and implemented along the lines of the Project 2000 framework. New curricula and course structures are required to meet the changing role of the nurse of the future. Many curriculum design teams are adopting a competence-based model of curriculum to meet these needs. This approach is receiving central encouragement (UKCC 1986). In this paper it is argued that this strategy is faulty and ill-conceived the inherent difficulties of the competence-based model of curriculum design are highlighted. These issues are of fundamental concern to nurse educators and students in the UK.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1995
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1108/09526869610128179
Abstract: Highlights some of the tensions which impede the development of an effective and efficient system of service delivery in forensic psychiatry. Reports on an investigation exploring the quality of care in a relatively small unit providing forensic psychiatric care in a secure setting and the constraints which impede the development of such services. Discusses the findings from the investigation which point to the need for the organizational structure surrounding forensic psychiatric care to be altered so that there are no perverse incentives for purchasers of the services and to enable the contracting process, considering both cost and quality issues, to take place on a level playing field.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7489(92)90013-7
Abstract: A survey of lecturers (n = 47) and students (n = 110) was undertaken to explore their preferred teaching strategies, using a questionnaire based on Heron's (1977) Dimensions of Facilitator Styles (Human potential research project, University of Surrey, Guildford). Overall it was found that the students tended to prefer a teacher-centred approach to teaching, whilst the lecturers preferred a student-centred approach. These findings are discussed in the light of current educational trends in the nursing profession.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEPR.2019.02.011
Abstract: This study compared final year nursing students' error rate and use of strategies to maintain SA when undertaking specific nursing care in a simulated clinical environment pre and 10 weeks post a planned SA education intervention. Students were observed using a Performance Based Situation Awareness Observation Schedule (PBSAOS) undertaking two tasks in a simulated clinical environment pre and post the SA education. For task 1, post educational intervention, there was no significant increase in the error rate for any performance measures, and there were significant decreases in the error rates for three performance measures. For task 2, post educational intervention, there was a significant decrease in the error rate for two measures and a significant increase in the error rates for seven performance measures. In considering the overall group error rate when excluding uncompleted tasks, there was a significant (x = .0001) decrease in the error rate for task 1 post educational intervention (41.4% compared to 26.6%), and significant (x = 0.01) increase in the error for task 2 post educational intervention (39.6% compared to 47.3%). The findings of this study demonstrate that the implementation of an intervention designed to increase SA actually appear to have resulted in hyper-vigilance and subsequent non-completion of required tasks.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-03-2019
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1581340
Abstract: The shift towards providing mental healthcare in the community has resulted in caregivers becoming more involved in the delivery of these services. Supporting mental health consumers can be burdensome which, in conjunction with the anguish that may result from observing their relative develop a mental illness, can lead to carers experiencing significant levels of distress. This study aimed to quantify the extent to which specific aspects of caregiving contribute to mental health burden in Australia. Participants were included if they were Australian mental health caregivers. An online questionnaire was distributed via email. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of burden in mental health caregivers. Completed questionnaires were collected from 231 respondents. The logistic regression analysis yielded five factors that contributed significantly to mental health caregiver burden. Of these factors, a strained atmosphere and regularly carrying out tasks for consumers were the two strongest predictors of burden. Community health professionals could focus on interpersonal relationships between family members, access to disability and financial support services, and carers' views about the quality of healthcare provided to consumers. Addressing these issues may decrease carer burden and improve the quality of life for all family members.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1995.TB03122.X
Abstract: In this paper the role of staffing levels as a determinant of seclusion use in one psychiatric hospital is examined. A detailed review of the official records of seclusion over a 2-year period was completed (n = 225). The staffing levels on shifts when seclusions were initiated were compared with similar shifts when seclusions were not used on the same ward. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference between the levels of staffing: Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-ranks test, Z = -5.8675, two-tailed, P = 0.001. This finding suggests that staffing levels play a crucial role in the practice of seclusion. However, the overall staffing level must be considered along with other factors in the makeup of the staff group, including the ratio of female to male staff and the experience level of those staff. These findings have important implications for those involved in the management and practice of seclusion as well as the patients who are secluded.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1989.TB03419.X
Abstract: The theoretical framework known as Six Category Intervention Analysis is described. This framework has been used in the teaching of interpersonal skills in various settings but there appears to be little or no empirical work to test out the theory. In the present study, an instrument was devised for assessing student nurses' perceptions of their interpersonal skills based on the category analysis. The findings of the study are presented and a quantitative comparison is made with the results of an earlier study of trained nurses' perceptions. Marked similarities were noted between the two sets of findings. The key trend to emerge was that both groups of nurses tended to perceive themselves as being more authoritative and less facilitative in their interpersonal relationships, in terms of the category analysis. This trend and others are discussed and suggestions made for future directions in research and training in the field of interpersonal skills in nursing. Implications for the theory of six category intervention analysis are also discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2018.01.019
Abstract: Several studies report that patient safety skills, especially non-technical skills, receive scant attention in nursing curricula. Hence, there is a compelling reason to incorporate material that enhances non-technical skills, such as situation awareness, in nursing curricula in order to assist in the reduction of healthcare related adverse events. The objectives of this study were to: 1) understand final year nursing students' confidence in their patient safety skills and 2) examine the impact of situation awareness training on final year nursing students' confidence in their patient safety skills. Participants were enrolled from a convenience s le comprising final year nursing students at a Western Australia university. Self-reported confidence in patient safety skills was assessed with the Health Professional in Patient Safety Survey before and after the delivery of a situation awareness educational intervention. Pre ost educational intervention differences were examined by repeated measures ANOVA. No significant differences in confidence about patient safety skills were identified within settings (class/clinical). However, confidence in patient safety skills significantly decreased between settings i.e. nursing students lost confidence after clinical placements. The educational intervention delivered in this study did not seem to improve confidence in patient safety skills, but substantial ceiling effects may have confounded the identification of such improvement. Further studies are required to establish whether the findings of this study can be generalised to other university nursing cohorts.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12602
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a move away from the medical model of care for people with borderline personality disorder, as hospital admission comes with a number of risks and potential adverse consequences. Although long-term outpatient-based therapy is successful, this may not be an option for those whose condition is in need of stabilisation. Brief admission for crisis intervention has been successful and is now widely used however, research that examines both the staff and clients' perceptions of a dedicated programme is lacking. Open Borders is a residential recovery-oriented programme that provides brief admission, respite, and phone coaching for people with borderline personality disorder who are heavy users of the public mental health system. In this paper, the authors report the perspectives of clients and staff of the Open Borders programme obtained through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of client and staff perspectives identified four common themes: 'Benefits of the programme', 'Enhanced client outcomes', 'Impact of the physical environment', and 'Ways of enhancing service delivery'. In addition, analysis of the staff perspectives included the theme 'Emotional impact on staff'. Benefits of the programme included the small supportive team approach, flexibility of the staff to spend time with the clients to tailor care, and the relaxed, welcoming environment. Enhanced client outcomes included a reduction in self-harming and hospitalization and an increase in self-efficacy. These results support the move away from the medical model and the empowerment of clients to self-manage their symptoms while fostering hope and self-determination.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTIM.2019.03.023
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to identify: 1) the extent to which final year chiropractic students used components of person-centred care in a clinical setting and 2) determine the effect of chiropractic students' use of person-centred care on musculoskeletal pain. An observational study was conducted at three Western Australian chiropractic teaching clinics. Pragmatic in idualised chiropractic care was delivered to 108 adults who experienced non-specific spinal pain. The instruments used in this study were the Consultation and Relational Empathy questionnaire, Picker Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire, and Numerical Rating scale for Pain intensity. Participants experienced reductions in pain that exceeded the level required for minimal clinically reported improvement. In addition, high levels of empathy and patient -centred care were reported. Ceiling effects for the measures assessing empathy and patient-centred care precluded analyses examining the relationship between changes in pain intensity, empathy, and patient-centred care. The participants in this study displayed very positive attitudes about most aspects of the chiropractic students' person-centred care skills. Person-centred care processes for which there was considerable scope for improvement included advice about alternative treatment options, and the adaptation of lifestyle and workplace situations to alleviate pain and enhance health. Our findings also showed that the participants experienced clinically important improvement in pain. However, the skewed nature of our dataset precluded identifying whether the students' person-centred care skills influenced such improvement.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0260-6917(97)80103-7
Abstract: In the first part of this paper we give a brief overview of the development of the different types of clinical assessment used in the UK. Some general problems related to the assessment of clinical practice are outlined. The second part of the paper focuses on the role of the external examiner in the clinical assessment of students. We outline some of the major problems we encountered as internal and external examiners on the same university-based course in which 'I-day' practical assessments were undertaken. We emphasize the particular problems of externally assessing the clinical practice component of the course in this manner and conclude that the continuous assessment model, while not without its own problems, is potentially a more effective approach to student assessment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7489(93)90022-M
Abstract: The interview technique is a common method of collecting data in human research. This paper provides an ex le of the use of the multiple sorting technique for structuring and analysing qualitative interviews. The technique is described around a recently completed study which explored practising nurses' perception of their work in a German hospital. A multiple sorting technique was employed to structure interviews with 11 nurses. Nursing tasks were sorted into categories and labelled by respondents. The frequencies with which each task was paired with all of the other tasks were calculated and this allowed us to produce a similarity matrix which was entered as input into a multidimensional scaling procedure (Smallest Space Analysis SSA-1). The SSA-1 procedure was used to analyse and interpret the data. The results of the analysis indicated that the nurses conceptualized their work into four separate domains including basic care skills, indirect care, technical skills and administration. The ex le of the multiple sorting technique described here shows how it is possible to develop an insight into the nurses' world in a structured yet flexible way.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(91)90145-Z
Abstract: A survey of 142 nurses from mixed grades and disciplines was carried out to evaluate their attitudes to counselling. The Nelson-Jones and Patterson Counselling Attitude Scale was used to collect and analyse the data. The main finding was that the group as a whole showed only a slight tendency towards client-centredness. However, some interesting trends emerged across the groups, with students for ex le tending to be more client-centred than qualified staff. Some possible explanations for these results are offered.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-04-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015000816
Abstract: To investigate the experiences of women participating in a cooking and nutrition component of a health promotion research initiative in an Australian Aboriginal regional community. Weekly facilitated cooking and nutrition classes were conducted during school terms over 12 months. An ethnographic action research study was conducted for the programme duration with data gathered by participant and direct observation, four yarning groups and six in idual yarning sessions. The aim was to determine the ways the cooking and nutrition component facilitated lifestyle change, enabled engagement, encouraged community ownership and influenced community action. Regional Bindjareb community in the Nyungar nation of Western Australia. A s le of seventeen Aboriginal women aged between 18 and 60 years from the two kinships in two towns in one shire took part in the study. The recruitment and consent process was managed by community Elders and leaders. Major themes emerged highlighting the development of participants and their recognition of the need for change: the impact of history on current nutritional health of Indigenous Australians acknowledging shame challenges of change around nutrition and healthy eating the undermining effect of mistrust and limited resources the importance of community control when developing health promotion programmes finding life purpose through learning and the need for planning and partnerships to achieve community determination. Suggested principles for developing cooking and nutrition interventions are: consideration of community needs understanding the impact of historical factors on health understanding family and community tensions and the engagement of long-term partnerships to develop community determination.
Publisher: Diva Enterprises Private Limited
Date: 2019
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-022419
Abstract: To explore Australian mental health carers’ prioritisation of key elements of caregiving and establish the extent to which particular issues contribute to carer burden. Cross-sectional survey. All Australian States and Territories. Responses were received from 231 Australian mental health caregivers. The Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire was used to assess caregiver burden. Smallest space analysis identified three distinct regions, which we conceptualise as: 1) promoting the safety and health of mental health consumers 2) impact of caring on caregivers’ personal lives and 3) enabling daily living functional recovery of mental health consumers. The analysis demonstrates that carers are most concerned with enabling daily living functional recovery, for which the mean value was considerably higher than the personal impact and promoting safety and health regions. In terms of the in idual questionnaire items, the issues of most importance are assisting with self-care, worrying about consumers’ future, finances and general health, encouraging consumer involvement in activities and concerns over the treatment consumers are receiving. Caregiving often came at significant personal cost. The burden that results from caring for mental health consumers could perhaps be alleviated through the expansion of psychiatric disability services, increasing government financial support and providing tailored psychosocial interventions that meet the needs of families.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 06-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12106
Abstract: Pregnant and young mothers' stories often go untold within community social and health service policy, planning and practice. Consequently, there is a significant gap between young women's experiences of motherhood and current service provision. This study was undertaken in response to a paucity of observational and contextually rich research that explores young women's experiences of pregnancy and motherhood, including the role a community service played in scaffolding their motherhood journeys. Fundamental to this study's purpose was the premise that to improve planning and delivery of more appropriate services for this group, we need to listen, consult and consider what life is like for young mothers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role a community service played in scaffolding young women's experiences as they transitioned to motherhood. Using a narrative approach, this study draws on data collected from contextual observations of 31 informants and 11 in-depth interviews over 7 months of fieldwork in 2010 at a community service in the Peel region of Western Australia. The integral role a community service played in the young women's transition to motherhood was analysed thematically and captured in three metaphorical themes, finding a circle of friends, weaving a tapestry and turning the page. The young women's storied experiences of motherhood present a strong argument for radical re-visioning of community and social health policy, practice and service delivery for young mothers. The findings revealed that judgement-free services that foster social and supportive relationships were integral in developing positive motherhood identities. The power of narrative and social learning when working with young mothers suggests that social models of health that foster a relational, narrative approach to practice are fundamental to young mothers finding their own voices and solutions and becoming active agents in re-authoring future narratives of hope, autonomy and agency.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: RCN Publishing Ltd.
Date: 10-12-2014
DOI: 10.7748/NS.29.15.37.E9520
Abstract: Human beings are error prone. A significant component of human error is flaws inherent in human cognitive processes, which are exacerbated by situations in which the in idual making the error is distracted, stressed or overloaded, or does not have sufficient knowledge to undertake an action correctly. The scientific discipline of human factors deals with environmental, organisational and job factors, as well as human and in idual characteristics, which influence behaviour at work in a way that potentially gives rise to human error. This article discusses how cognitive processing is related to medication errors. The case of a coronial inquest into the death of a nursing home resident is used to highlight the way people think and process information, and how such thinking and processing may lead to medication errors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(91)90121-P
Abstract: Six Category Intervention Analysis was used as the framework of a study which involved asking 117 trained nurses to rate their interpersonal skills along six dimensions. The findings suggested that the nurses viewed themselves as being more skilled in offering support, information and prescription in their dealings with patients and less skilled in being catalytic, cathartic and confronting in similar circumstances. The findings in this study were similar to those of previous studies in this field. The study has implications for the development of interpersonal skills training programmes for nurses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1989.TB01511.X
Abstract: Proposed changes in the way in which nurses are educated and trained will lead to stronger links between the academic and practical worlds of nursing. However, little or no attention has been focused on the potential difficulties associated with such a move for the student in this new and changing role. Important ambiguities of the student's role need to be addressed if the degree nursing student is to make the most of available opportunities for learning. In this paper we draw a distinction between two kinds of ambiguity in the role of nursing degree student during clinical placements. The first type is essential to the very nature of degree education in nursing, since the ambiguities here all entail problems in bridging the gap between the world of practical nursing and that of education. They include whether he or she is to regard the role as one of learner or producer of work whether to become unreflectively acculturated to the organization or to reflect on its norms and values and the student function within the organization. A second kind of ambiguity is not essential to nurse education, but is an unintended consequence of placement arrangements. The student is thrust into the clinical field as a short-term member of an organization their position is anomalous and the motive for their involvement is largely different from that of permanent employees. These ambiguities of the role are also the source of important learning opportunities.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTIM.2018.01.006
Abstract: To examine the effectiveness of a multifaceted complementary therapies intervention, delivered in a systematic manner within an Australian public hospital setting, on quality of life and symptom distress outcomes for cancer patients. Adults receiving treatment for any form of cancer were eligible to participate in this study. Self-referred participants were offered a course of six complementary therapy sessions. Measures were administered at baseline, and at the third and sixth visit. The primary outcomes were quality of life and symptom distress. Linear mixed models were used to assess change in the primary outcomes. In total, 1376 cancer patients participated in this study. The linear mixed models demonstrated that there were significant improvements in quality of life and significant reductions in symptom distress over six sessions. Body-based therapies demonstrated significantly superior improvement in quality of life over counselling, but no other differences between therapies were identified. Reduced symptom distress was not significantly associated with any particular type of therapy. A self-selected complementary therapies intervention, provided in an Australian public hospital by accredited therapists, for cancer patients significantly mproved quality of life and reduced symptom distress. The effect of this intervention on quality of life has particular salience, since cancer impacts on many areas of people's lives and impairs quality of life.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1447-0349.2008.00566.X
Abstract: This paper describes how a reflecting team informed by outsider-witness practices was used in a classroom with a small group of Australian general nursing students to explore their understandings of mental illness and people with mental illness. The reflecting team process helped students to go beyond the media stereotypes of mental illness and the people who suffer from mental illness. It helped them develop new understandings of the lives of people who experience mental illness. The process also enabled students to learn more about stigma and its debilitating effects, to speak about it and to monitor their own language use, and to identify and explore their preferred interpersonal approaches in future practice settings when dealing with people showing signs of mental distress.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2000
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-0979.2000.00181.X
Abstract: Forty-four mental health clients completed the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS)--a self-rating scale to assess the prevalence and intensity of neuroleptic side-effects. In the month prior to the study, 50% of the clients surveyed had experienced more than half of the side-effects outlined on the 41-item scale. A prevalence profile allowed us to rank the frequency of in idual side-effects across the s le. Some side-effects such as 'difficulty concentrating', 'difficulty remembering', 'tiredness' and 'restlessness' were experienced by most of the clients in the study while 'unusual skin marks', 'difficulty passing water', 'rashes' were experienced by a few. A prevalence profile may be a useful guide in developing strategies for managing side-effects more effectively in small groups of clients. In addition, the use of the LUNSERS in clinical practice would enable case managers to establish baseline measures for in idual clients and evaluate changes in medication and other non-medical strategies for reducing unwanted side-effects. The identification and assessment of antipsychotic side-effects is an important area for client and professional carer education.
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20190719-06
Abstract: No instruments are currently available to assess nursing students' maintenance of situation awareness. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Performance-Based Situation Awareness Observation Schedule for measuring nursing students' use of situation awareness. Twelve expert clinicians participated in a qualitative, reiterative consensus-driven process to establish the content validity of the tool. The tool was then piloted during the delivery of a situation awareness education program for final-year nursing students. Cohen's kappa was used to assess the interrater reliability. The resultant tool comprised 54 items, which captured strategies to maintain situation awareness and task errors that would infer the presence of situation awareness. The values obtained for Cohen's kappa indicated that the level of agreement was at least substantial for approximately 80% of the items. This study developed a valid and reliable tool to measure nursing students' use of situation awareness. [ J Nurs Educ. 2019 (8):468–473.]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.COLEGN.2011.06.001
Abstract: This paper reports the first part of a case study investigation to examine the changes at King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH) following an inquiry established to review the quality of obstetric and gynaecological services. Common findings from a range of health inquiries in recent times include that there have been inadequate adverse event reporting systems, the absence of transparent systems for staff and patients to report concerns about quality of patient care, and an ineffective medical credentialing and performance review system. The similarity of findings from many health inquiries raises the question of whether an inquiry does lead to changes to improve patient care and safety. There has been very little reported in the literature about this. Using a case study strategy the areas of medical credentialing, performance review and involvement of consumers in care were chosen as the KEMH clinical governance processes to be examined for changes post inquiry. Documents, archives and interviews were used as data sources for this case study. Documents were examined using a normative analytic approach and the Miles and Huberman framework was used for data analysis of the interviews. There were significant changes in the area of credentialing and performance review evident in analysis of all sources of data. There were some improvements in the processes of involving consumers in care, but deficits were identified in regard to the provision of training and upskilling for clinicians to improve their communication skills and interactions with patients and families.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AH030107
Abstract: The link between independence and well-being of older people in residential care is well established. This paper reportssome challenges encountered during implementation of an education program designed to assist nursing staff to adoptan independence-supporting model of residential care. The education program was part of a larger project aimed atdeveloping an ex le of best practice in supported care which promotes independence, well-being and communitylinkages. Implementation of the program created many interesting challenges which were overcome by strategies andfacilitating forces such as support from management and some staff, and the collaborative nature of the project. Positiveoutcomes of the education program included increased awareness of, and change in, practice increased staff-residentinteraction and increased encouragement for residents to be independent and to engage with the wider community.Moreover, a facilitator manual - Promoting Independence: A Learning Resource for Aged Care Workers wassubsequently developed so that the program can be implemented in aged care facilities elsewhere.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(89)90092-0
Abstract: This study sought to identify how a group of professional nurses viewed the notion of an 'interpersonally skilled person'. Using a modified repertory grid approach, we asked 21 professional nurses to elicit eight bi-polar constructs relating to an 'interpersonally skilled person'. A total of 168 constructs was produced and these were analysed into different content areas. In addition, respondents were asked to rate themselves against the set of constructs that they, themselves, had elicited. Three levels of findings are offered in this study: 1) the content of the constructs that were elicited 2) the distribution of the constructs within these content areas 3) the discrepancies that were found between self and ideal self elements The findings indicated that the nurses in this study tended to view the interpersonally skilled person more in terms of personal qualities than in terms of identifiable skills. They also tended to identify themselves as deficient in many of the qualities that they elicited. The study has implications for teaching interpersonal skills and these are discussed in this report.
Publisher: RCN Publishing Ltd.
Date: 21-07-1993
Abstract: Teaching psychology to student nurses has assumed great importance in recent years. Making the course applicable to clinical practice, however, remains a challenge. The authors discusses techniques being used in Australia to make psychology relevant to nursing and highlights aspects which could be adopted in the UK.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0260-6917(91)90118-T
Abstract: The process of caring is central to nursing practice but it remains a poorly defined concept in nursing practice and education. A small number of studies of caring in the field of nursing have been undertaken, but these have tended to be more quantitative in nature. This paper describes a qualitative study designed to explore nurses' perceptions of the concept of caring. Kelly's (1955) personal construct theory and the repertory grid interview technique were used to elicit trained nurses' views about caring in relation to the practice of nursing. A strategic informant s le of 25 nurses was chosen. A total of 200 verbal descriptions (constructs) were generated from interviews, and these were analysed into similar content areas. Seven categories emerged from the analysis to provide a detailed description of caring. These include: a) personal qualities b) clinical work style c) interpersonal approach d) level of motivation e) concern for others f) use of time and g) attitudes. There were very few constructs related to physical aspects of care. The findings are offered as reflection of British nurses' perceptions of caring. Some possible applications of the results for nursing practice, education and research are considered.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12616
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2000
DOI: 10.1080/J.1440-1614.2000.00821.X
Abstract: Objective: Our goal was to reduce the prevalence of antipsychotic medication side-effects by providing a short-term training program on the assessment and management of side-effects to case managers. Method: Forty-four patients in receipt of community-based mental health services were allocated to comparison (n = 20) and intervention (n = 24) groups based on the health service district in which they resided. While case managers working with the intervention group attended a short-term training program to improve their assessment and management of neuroleptic side-effects, case managers providing services to the comparison group received no additional training. Side-effects were assessed pre- and postintervention using the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS). Results: A reduction in the overall prevalence of side-effects in both groups was observed, however, only those patients in the intervention group reported a statistically significant reduction in mean side-effect scores between the pre- and post-measures (Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-ranks Test, z = −2.8411, two-tailed, p 0.01). In addition, qualitative data collected during the second survey revealed that patients in the intervention group had acquired some positive management strategies for dealing with unwanted side-effects. The strategies were elicited from eight different patients distributed across six of the 12 case managers who took part in the training program. Conclusions: Training cases managers in the assessment and management of side-effects may help to reduce their impact on the lives of people prescribed neuroleptic medication.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1995
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1990.TB01673.X
Abstract: Seclusion is still an available strategy for managing difficult and disturbed behaviour in British psychiatric hospitals and units. While arguments for and against the continued use of seclusion remain, little empirical work has been done on the subject. Most of the research to date has been completed in America, and findings may not be entirely applicable to the UK. In this study, 109 records of seclusion in one health authority were examined, and each of the 52 patients involved in these seclusions were coded on six different variables. These were analysed using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure--multidimensional scalogram analysis (MSA-1)--to explore possible relationships between the variables. Three sets of relationship were observed: (1) the length of time spent in seclusion was related to the status of the patient (2) higher rates of seclusion were shown to be linked to higher levels of staffing and (3) the sex of the patient was related to the number of different staff authorizing seclusion. Some possible explanations for these findings are outlined, and suggestions for future research in this domain are offered.
No related grants have been discovered for Paul Morrison.