ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2585-6852
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-09-2022
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2085631
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate acute performance and physiological responses to the manipulation of exercise-to-rest ratio (E:R) during repeated-sprint hypoxic training (RSH) in hot conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed two experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of ∼3000 m (F
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-023-05143-1
Abstract: A cyclist’s rate of force/torque development (RFD/RTD) and peak force/torque can be measured during single-joint or whole-body isometric tests, or during cycling. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between these measures, and of the mechanisms that contribute to each measure. Therefore, we examined the: (i) relationship between quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function with RFD/RTD in isometric knee extension, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and sprint cycling and (ii) relationship among RFD/RTD and peak force/torque between protocols. Eighteen trained cyclists completed two familiarisation and two experimental sessions. Each session involved an isometric knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling protocol, where peak force/torque, average and peak RFD/RTD, and early (0–100 ms) and late (0–200 ms) RFD/RTD were measured. Additionally, measures of quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function were assessed during the knee extension. Strong relationships were observed between quadriceps early EMG activity (EMG 50 /M) and knee extension RTD ( r or ρ = 0.51–0.65) and IMTP late RFD ( r = 0.51), and between cycling early or late RTD and peak twitch torque ( r or ρ = 0.70–0.75). Strong-to-very strong relationships were observed between knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling for peak force/torque, early and late RFD/RTD, and peak RFD/RTD ( r or ρ = 0.59–0.80). In trained cyclists, knee extension RTD or IMTP late RFD are related to measures of quadriceps central neuromuscular function, while cycling RTD is related to measures of quadriceps peripheral neuromuscular function. Further, the strong associations among force/torque measures between tasks indicate a level of transferability across tasks.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-03-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2015
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1123776
Abstract: This investigation examined the oxidative stress (F2-Isoprostane F2-IsoP) and inflammatory (interleukin-6 IL-6) responses to repeat-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). Ten trained male team sport athletes performed 3(sets)*9(repetitions)*5 s cycling sprints in simulated altitude (3000 m) and sea-level conditions. Mean and peak sprint power output (MPO and PPO) were recorded, and blood s les were collected pre-exercise, and again at 8 and 60 min post-exercise. Both MPO and PPO were significantly reduced in hypoxia (compared to sea-level) in the second (MPO: 855 ± 89 vs. 739 ± 95 W, p = .006 PPO: 1024 ± 114 vs. 895 ± 112 W, p = .010) and third (MPO: 819 ± 105 vs. 686 ± 83 W, p = .008 PPO: 985 ± 125 vs. 834 ± 99 W, p = .008) sets, respectively. IL-6 was significantly increased from pre- to 1 h post-exercise in both hypoxia (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.4 ± 1.4 pg/mL, p = .004) and sea-level conditions (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 pg/mL, p < .001), with a large effect (d = 0.80) suggesting higher IL-6 levels of post-hypoxia. F2-IsoP was significantly lower 1 h post-exercise in both the hypoxic (p = .005) and sea-level (p = .002) conditions, with no differences between trials. While hypoxia can impact on exercise intensity and may result in greater post-exercise inflammation, it appears to have little effect on oxidative stress. These results indicate that team sport organisations with ready access to hypoxic training facilities could confidently administer RSH without significantly increasing the post-exercise inflammatory or oxidative stress response.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2018
Abstract: A strong foundation in physical conditioning and sport-specific experience, in addition to a bespoke and periodized training and nutrition program, are essential for athlete development. Once these underpinning factors are accounted for, and the athlete reaches a training maturity and competition level where marginal gains determine success, a role may exist for the use of evidence-based performance supplements. However, it is important that any decisions surrounding performance supplements are made in consideration of robust information that suggests the use of a product is safe, legal, and effective. The following review focuses on the current evidence-base for a number of common (and emerging) performance supplements used in sport. The supplements discussed here are separated into three categories based on the level of evidence supporting their use for enhancing sports performance: (1) established (caffeine, creatine, nitrate, beta-alanine, bicarbonate) (2) equivocal (citrate, phosphate, carnitine) and (3) developing. Within each section, the relevant performance type, the potential mechanisms of action, and the most common protocols used in the supplement dosing schedule are summarized.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-10-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-08-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003700
Abstract: Tapsell, LC, Binnie, MJ, Lay, BS, Dawson, BT, and Goods, PSR. Validity and reliability of a field hockey-specific dribbling speed test. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1720–1725, 2022—The present study aimed to design a valid and reliable test for field hockey players that concurrently assesses the skill of dribbling and sport-specific agility. In total, 27 male and 32 female subjects were recruited from amateur ( n = 20), state-level ( n = 22), and national-level ( n = 17) field hockey teams. The test course was developed in consultation with state- and national-level field hockey coaches, and using match analyses from existing literature. Subjects were familiarized before completing a testing session that consisted of 3 maximal-effort trials through a field hockey-specific course while dribbling a hockey ball, and another 3 trials of the same course without dribbling the ball. Amateur and state subjects completed an additional session for test-retest reliability analysis. Electronic timing gates recorded time to complete the course with the ball (DRIBBLE), without the ball (SPRINT), and the difference between DRIBBLE and SPRINT (DELTA). With significance set at p 0.05, subjects of higher playing levels recorded significantly faster DRIBBLE ( p 0.001) and significantly lower DELTA ( p 0.001) times. No significant difference was found between player levels for SPRINT ( p = 0.484) times. Intraclass correlations were 0.84 and 0.81 for DELTA and DRIBBLE, respectively. In conclusion, the dribbling test trialed here has sufficient validity and reliability for use in performance testing of field hockey athletes and can be implemented across playing levels to objectively track skill progression.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 17-07-2023
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004534
Abstract: Watts, SP, Binnie, MJ, Goods, PSR, Hewlett, J, Fahey-Gilmour, J, and Peeling, P. Demarcation of intensity from 3 to 5 zones aids in understanding physiological performance progression in highly trained under-23 rowing athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The purpose of this investigation was to compare 2 training intensity distribution models (3 and 5 zone) in 15 highly trained rowing athletes ( n = 8 male n = 7 female 19.4 ± 1.1 years) to determine the impact on primary (2,000-m single-scull race) and secondary (2,000-m ergometer time trial, peak oxygen consumption [V̇O 2 peak], lactate threshold 2 [LT2 power]) performance variables. Performance was assessed before and after 4 months training, which was monitored through a smart watch (Garmin Ltd, Olathe, KS) and chest-strap heart rate (HR) monitor (Wahoo Fitness, Atlanta, GA). Two training intensity distribution models were quantified and compared: a 3-zone model (Z1: between 50% V̇O 2 peak and lactate threshold 1 (LT1) Z2: between LT1 and 95% LT2 Z3: % LT2) and a 5-zone model (T1–T5), where Z1 and Z3 were split into 2 additional zones. There was significant improvement in LT2 power for both male (4.08% ± 1.83, p 0.01) and female (3.52% ± 3.38, p = 0.02) athletes, with male athletes also demonstrating significant improvement in 2,000-m ergometer time trial (2.3% ± 1.92, p = 0.01). Changes in V̇O 2 peak significantly correlated with high-quality aerobic training (percent time in T2 zone r = 0.602, p = 0.02), whereas changes in LT2 power significantly correlated with “threshold” training (percent time in T4 zone r = 0.529, p = 0.04). These correlations were not evident when examining intensity distribution through the 3-zone model. Accordingly, a 5-zone intensity model may aid in understanding the progression of secondary performance metrics in rowing athletes however, primary (on-water) performance remains complex to quantify.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 10-2020
Abstract: The long-term decay rate of serum ferritin post-iron infusion in athletic populations is currently unknown. Here, we modelled the decay rate of serum ferritin in female athletes after an intravenous iron infusion (n = 22). The post-infusion serum ferritin response and the rate of decay was highly variable between athletes however, we demonstrate that follow-up blood testing at 1 (154 μg/L 77–300 μg/L) and 6 months (107 μg/L 54–208 μg/L) post-infusion is appropriate to observe treatment efficacy and effectiveness. Novelty Female athletes should have serum ferritin assessed at 1 and 6 months following an intravenous iron infusion to determine efficacy and effectiveness.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-07-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0271244
Abstract: Field hockey is a high-intensity intermittent team sport that has recently undergone a series of rule changes that have resulted in a greater demand for repeated high-intensity movements. Coaches and practitioners now require a reliable assessment of repeated accelerations, decelerations and changes of direction to assess these important match qualities. This investigation assessed the test-retest reliability of a novel 6x40m repeated shuttle sprint test (20m + 20m with a 180° turn) and its association with 40m straight line sprint and YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test performance in 28 International field hockey players (n = 14 females and n = 14 males). The sum of 6 sprint times (SUM) demonstrated ‘excellent’ (ICC = 0.94 and CV = 0.59%) and ‘good’ (ICC = 0.84 and CV = 0.75%) reliability in females and males, respectively. Best sprint time during the repeated shuttle sprint test also demonstrated suitable reliability to evaluate field hockey physical performance (ICC = 0.92 & 0.76, CV = 0.76% & 1.00% in females and males, respectively). SUM was significantly associated with 40 m straight line sprint performance in females (r = 0.90 p .001) and males (r = 0.92 p .001), but only a weak association was found with YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test performance for either group (r = 0.20 p = 0.495 & r = -0.19 p = 0.525 in females and males, respectively). In summary, field hockey testing batteries that include a repeated shuttle sprint test should consider including a test of intermittent endurance. Further, changes in SUM greater than 1.0% can be confidently interpreted by coaches and practitioners as a real change for both female and male elite field hockey players.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-08-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-05-2022
DOI: 10.1177/17543371221099364
Abstract: Performance tracking devices in the form of wrist-worn watches are common in rowing however, the accuracy of relevant output variables (i.e. stroke rate [SR] and velocity) during on-water training is unknown. To assess the quality of wrist-watch data output, 16 rowing athletes recorded 118 on-water rowing sessions using a Garmin Forerunner 735XT, which was compared to a Catapult Optimeye R4 tracking device. Garmin recording function was set to ‘Every Second’ ( N = 68 sessions) or ‘Smart’ ( N = 50 sessions). Catapult velocity was calculated as the average velocity per stroke, while a 15 s velocity moving average was determined for Garmin data. Catapult and Garmin were filtered for training-specific data (SR = 14–50 strokes per minute [spm] velocity = 2.1–7.0 m/s −1 ). Efficacy and reliability of the Garmin was assessed via the difference between devices (% error), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC ± 95% confidence interval (CI)) and coefficient of variation (CV%). Error in 15 s smoothed velocity was 3.8% (‘Every Second’) and 8.2% (‘Smart’). Both recording functions demonstrated ‘good’ reliability (ICC = 0.75–0.9, CV 10%) for SR and velocity the exception was SR using ‘Smart’ recording. Our data suggests that when using the ‘Every Second’ recording function, data is filtered and velocity is smoothed over 15 s, the Garmin device can be reliable for SR and velocity measurement within 1 spm and .20 m/s −1 respectively.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-03-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-023-05135-1
Abstract: Muscle glucose transport activity increases with an acute bout of exercise, a process that is accomplished by the translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in the skeletal muscle of in iduals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is, therefore, an important cornerstone in the management of in iduals with T2DM. However, the acute systemic glucose responses to carbohydrate ingestion are often augmented during the early recovery period from exercise, despite increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Accordingly, the first aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge associated with insulin action and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and apply these to explain the disparate responses between systemic and localized glucose responses post-exercise. Herein, the importance of muscle glycogen depletion and the key glucoregulatory hormones will be discussed. Glucose uptake can also be stimulated independently by hypoxia therefore, hypoxic training presents as an emerging method for enhancing the effects of exercise on glucose regulation. Thus, the second aim of this review is to discuss the potential for systemic hypoxia to enhance the effects of exercise on glucose regulation.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2014
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the impact of 3 heights of simulated altitude exposure on repeat-sprint performance in teamsport athletes. Ten trained male team-sport athletes completed 3 sets of repeated sprints (9 × 4 s) on a nonmotorized treadmill at sea level and at simulated altitudes of 2000, 3000, and 4000 m. Participants completed 4 trials in a random order over 4 wk, with mean power output (MPO), peak power output (PPO), blood lactate concentration (Bla), and oxygen saturation (S a O 2 ) recorded after each set. Each increase in simulated altitude corresponded with a significant decrease in S a O 2. Total work across all sets was highest at sea level and correspondingly lower at each successive altitude ( P .05 sea level 2000 m 3000 m 4000 m). In the first set, MPO was reduced only at 4000 m, but for subsequent sets, decreases in MPO were observed at all altitudes ( P .05 2000 m 3000 m 4000 m). PPO was maintained in all sets except for set 3 at 4000 m ( P .05 vs sea level and 2000 m). BLa levels were highest at 4000 m and significantly greater ( P .05) than at sea level after all sets. These results suggest that “higher may not be better,” as a simulated altitude of 4000 m may potentially blunt absolute training quality. Therefore, it is recommended that a moderate simulated altitude (2000–3000 m) be employed when implementing intermittent hypoxic repeat-sprint training for team-sport athletes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-04-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-07-2022
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2095929
Abstract: This study examined whether hypoxia during multi-set, high-load resistance exercise alters neuromuscular responses. Using a single-blinded (participants), randomised crossover design, eight resistance-trained males completed five sets of five repetitions of bench press at 80% of one repetition maximum in moderate normobaric hypoxia (inspiratory oxygen fraction = 0.145) and normoxia. Maximal isometric bench press trials were performed following the warm-up, after 10 min of altitude priming and 5 min post-session (outside, inside and outside the chamber, respectively). Force during pre- ost-session maximal voluntary isometric contractions and bar velocity during exercise sets were measured along with surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2020
Abstract: Purpose : To assess the efficacy of a topical sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body weight NaHCO 3 ) application (PR lotion Amp Human) on blood buffering capacity and performance in recreationally active participants (study A) and moderately trained athletes (study B). Methods : In Study A, 10 participants completed 2 experimental trials: oral NaHCO 3 (0.3 g/kg body weight + placebo lotion) or PR lotion (0.9036 g/kg body weight + oral placebo) applied 90 minutes prior to a cycling task to exhaustion (30-s sprints at 120% peak power output with 30-s rest). Capillary blood was collected and analyzed for pH, bicarbonate, and lactate every 10 minutes throughout the 90-minute loading period and postexercise at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. In Study B, 10 cyclists/triathletes completed 2 experimental trials, applying either PR or placebo lotion 30 minutes prior to a cycling performance task (3 × 30-s maximal sprints with 90-s recovery). Capillary blood s les were collected at baseline, preexercise, and postexercise and analyzed as per study A. Results : In Study A, pH and bicarbonate were significantly elevated from baseline after 10 minutes in the oral NaHCO 3 condition and throughout recovery compared with no elevation in the PR lotion condition ( P .001). No differences in cycling time occurred between PR lotion (349 [119] s) and oral NaHCO 3 (363 [80] s P = .697). In Study B, no differences in blood parameters, mean power ( P = .108), or peak power ( P = .448) were observed between conditions. Conclusions : PR lotion was ineffective in altering blood buffering capacity or enhancing performance in either trained or untrained in iduals.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2021
Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to assess the influence of graded air temperatures during repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) on performance and physiological responses. Methods: Ten well-trained athletes completed one familiarization and 4 experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of 3000 m (0.144 F I O 2 ) above sea level. Air temperatures utilized across the 4 experimental sessions were 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C (all 50% relative humidity). The participants performed 3 sets of 5 × 10 seconds “all-out” cycle sprints, with 20 seconds of active recovery between sprints and 5 minutes of active recovery between sets (recovery intensity = 120 W). Core temperature, skin temperature, pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were collected. Results: There were no differences between conditions for peak power, mean power, and total work in each set ( P .05). There were no condition × time interaction effects for any variables tested. The peak core temperature was highest at 30°C (38.06°C [0.31°C]). Overall, the pulse oxygen saturation was higher at 35°C than at 20°C ( P .001 d 0.8), 25°C ( P .001 d = 1.12 ± 0.54, large), and 30°C ( P .001 d = 0.84 ± 0.53, large). Conclusion: Manipulating air temperature between 20°C and 35°C had no effect on performance or core temperature during a typical RSH session. However, the pulse oxygen saturation was preserved at 35°C, which may not be a desirable outcome for RSH interventions. The application of increased levels of ambient heat may require a different approach if augmenting the RSH stimulus is the desired outcome.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 16-03-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2022
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FSPOR.2023.1101654
Abstract: Winning times at benchmark international rowing competitions (Olympic Games and World Ch ionships) are known to vary greatly between venues, based on environmental conditions and the strength of the field. Further variability in boat speed for any given effort is found in the training environment, with less controlled conditions (i.e., water flow, non-buoyed courses), fewer world class competitors, and the implementation of non-race specific effort distances and intensities. This combination of external factors makes it difficult for coaches and practitioners to contextualise the performance underpinning boat speed or race results on any given day. Currently, a variety of approaches are referenced in the literature and used in practice to quantify this underpinning performance time or boat speed, however, no clear consensus exists. The use of relative performance (i.e., time compared to other competitors), accounting for influence of the weather (i.e., wind and water temperature), and the novel application of instrumented boats (with power instrumentation) have been suggested as potential methods to improve our understanding of on-water rowing speeds. Accordingly, this perspective article will discuss some of these approaches from recent literature, whilst also sharing experience from current practice in the elite environment, to further stimulate discussion and help guide future research.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002805
Abstract: Bradbury, DG, Landers, GJ, Benjanuvatra, N, and Goods, PS. Comparison of linear and reverse linear periodized programs with equated volume and intensity for endurance running performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1345–1353, 2020—This investigation examined the effectiveness of 2 periodization methods on endurance running performance. Thirty recreational runners (25.2 ± 7.4 years 175.4 ± 8.1 cm 69.0 ± 9.8 kg) were assigned to 3 groups based on preintervention test results: linear periodization group (LPG, n = 10), reverse linear periodization group (RPG, n = 10), and control group (CG, n = 10). The LPG and RPG completed 3 training sessions (2 supervised and 1 unsupervised) per week in two 6-week blocks. The LPG went through a high-volume training program while the RPG performed higher intensity, lower volume training in the initial block. Training volume and intensity was reversed in the second 6-week training block. All subjects completed pre-training (week 0), midpoint (week 7), and post-training (week 14) testing, which included anthropometric measurements (body mass and sum of 8 skinfolds), treadmill tests for running economy (RE) and V̇O 2 max, and a 5,000-m time trial (TT) on a 400-m grass track. Greater improvements in the 5,000-m TT were observed in the LPG (76.8 ± 55.8 seconds, p = 0.009, d = 1.27) and the RPG (112.8 ± 83.4 seconds, p = 0.002, d = 1.51) than the CG (3.6 ± 59 seconds). No significant differences were found between the LPG and RPG ( p = 0.321, d = 0.51). No group differences were found for V̇O 2 peak ( p = 0.955) or RE at 9 km·h −1 ( p = 0.329) or 11 km·h −1 ( p = 0.558), respectively. However, significant improvements were seen in these variables after training: V̇O 2 peak ( p = 0.010), RE 9 km·h −1 ( p 0.001), and RE 11 km·h −1 ( p = 0.004). These results do not support linear periodization or reverse linear periodization as a superior method however, periodized training elicited greater improvements in endurance performance than nonperiodized training, highlighting the importance of planned training structure.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2017.10.036
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to conduct a conceptual replication of the proposition that mental toughness is associated positively with behavioural perseverance. Repeated-measures design. In total, 38 male Australian rules footballers took part in this study (age, 21±3 y mass, 82.7±11.0kg height, 1.84±.07m football experience, 13±4 y). Participants self-reported mental toughness approximately one week prior to their first testing session where we assessed their aerobic capacity via the measurement of peak oxygen consumption (V˙O Mental toughness was a salient determinant of the variation in behavioural perseverance under typical circumstances, when prior knowledge from past research was incorporated directly into the estimation process. However, the positive association between mental toughness and behavioural perseverance did not generalise to a performance context in which participants were fatigued. The results of the current study suggest that mental toughness represents a salient psychological correlate of behavioural perseverance in a discrete physical task that taxes the aerobic energy system in some but not all situations. When fatigued, the effect of mental toughness is outweighed by greater underlying fitness.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-09-2022
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2133390
Abstract: This investigation assessed the psycho-physiological and performance effects of hot water immersion (HWI) implemented either before or after a repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) session conducted in the heat. Ten participants completed three RSH trials (3 × 10 × 5-s sprints), conducted at 40°C and simulated altitude of 3000 m. A 30-min monitoring period preceded and followed all exercise sessions. In PRE, the pre-exercise period was HWI, and the post-exercise period was seated rest in temperate conditions. This combination was reversed in POST. In CON, participants were seated in temperate conditions for both periods. Compared to CON, PRE elicited a reduction in power output during each repeated-sprint set (14.8-16.2%, all p < 0.001), and a significantly higher core temperature (Tc) during the pre-exercise period and throughout the exercise session (p < 0.001 and p = 0.025, respectively). In POST, power output and Tc until the end of exercise were similar to CON, with Tc higher at the conclusion of the post-exercise period (p < 0.001). Time across the entire protocol spent ≥38.5°C Tc was significantly longer in PRE (48.1 ± 22.5 min) than POST (31.0 ± 11.3 min, p = 0.05) and CON (15.8 ± 16.3 min, p < 0.001). Employing HWI following RSH conducted in the heat provides effective outcomes regarding physiological strain and cycling performance when compared to pre-exercise or no HWI.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-06-2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001671
Abstract: Scott, BR, Peiffer, JJ, and Goods, PSR. The effects of supplementary low-load blood flow restriction training on morphological and performance-based adaptations in team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2147–2154, 2017—Low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) may be a method to enhance muscular development even in trained athletes. This study aimed to assess whether supplemental low-load BFR training can improve muscle size, strength, and physical performance characteristics in team sport athletes. Twenty-one semiprofessional Australian football athletes were assessed for 3-repetition maximum (3RM) and muscular endurance in the back squat, vastus lateralis muscle architecture, and performance in sprint and vertical jump tasks. Participants then undertook a 5-week training program, consisting of normal high-load resistance training supplemented by low-load squats with (LL BFR ) or without (LL) BFR. Participants also performed regular conditioning and football training during this period. After the training intervention, participants again completed the pretraining testing battery. Squat 3RM and endurance increased from pretraining levels in both LL (3RM = 12.5% increase endurance = 24.1% increase p ≤ 0.007) and LL BFR (3RM = 12.3% increase endurance = 21.2% increase p = 0.007) groups, though there were no between-group differences. No post-training changes were observed for muscle architecture, or performance in sprinting and jumping tasks. Although squat 3RM and endurance performance increased in both groups, adding BFR during supplemental exercise did not enhance these responses. Similarly, there were no large differences in the assessments of sprint, acceleration, and jumping performance between the groups after training. These findings suggest that although LL BFR did not negatively affect adaptive responses to resistance training, this training strategy may not provide added benefit for healthy Australian football athletes already undertaking a rigorous training schedule.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2023
Abstract: Background : World Rowing’s decision to support the proposed change from a 2000-m to a 1500-m regatta course at the 2028 Olympic Games in Los Angeles is anticipated to have important implications for athlete preparation and race execution during the 2024–2028 quadrennium. Purpose : This commentary aims to provide insight into the expected implications of the reduction in course length heading into the 2028 Games, focusing on the training and monitoring of high-performance rowers, as well as tactical, technical, and pacing considerations for performance. The reduction in event duration (estimated to be ∼90–120 s across all event classes) will lead to an expected ∼5% to 15% increase in relative contribution of anaerobic metabolism. Consequently, adjustment in training periodization priorities toward higher-intensity interventions may be required, especially in the period immediately prior to the games. The critical-power and anaerobic-power-reserve concepts may become more useful tools for structuring exercise programs, evaluating training outcomes, and determining event suitability through in idual physiological profiling. Additionally, the adoption of a more constant (flat) pacing strategy, rather than the commonly used reverse J-shaped approach, might be considered for racing over this new distance. Finally, technical aspects, such as stroke rate and gearing, may require adjustment for optimal performance however, research is clearly required to explore such effects. Conclusions : Our intention is to stimulate discussion and debate, with the provision of practical recommendations that aim to optimize rowers’ preparation for and performance at the 2028 Olympic Games.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-12-2021
No related grants have been discovered for Paul Goods.