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0000-0003-2503-8593
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University of Management and Technology
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Government College Women University Sialkot
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Publications
Exploring In-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy Beliefs regarding Online Teaching: ..
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2021(VI-II).09
Abstract: This qualitative multi-case study aims to understand the self-efficacy beliefs of in-service teachersconcerning online teaching. The technological pedagogical content knowledge framework was incorporated tooutline the self-efficacy beliefs of in-service teachers for conducting online teaching successfully, especially in thisadvanced learning environment. The self-efficacy theory by Bandura and TPACK framework by Koehler and Mishrawas used as the conceptual foundation, and in keeping with that, semi-structured interviews were conducted withfive in-service teachers who were also enrolled in a teacher education program. The study found the high self-efficacyof in-service teachers regarding online teaching as in-service teachers find themselves comfortable in onlineteaching. Based on the literature review and findings of the study, it is suggested that the TPACK frameworkinformed online teaching should be incorporated in pre-service and in-service teacher training programs in order toenhance their knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes towards effective online teaching.
Developing Reflective Practices of Elementary School Teachers: A Collaborative Action Research Study
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 26-12-2020
DOI: 10.36902/RJSSER-VOL1-ISS4-2020(22-33)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of reflective practices of elementary school teachers through interactive workshops. This study used a collaborative action research design, and five-day interactive workshop sessions related to reflective practices conducted to introduce the participants to reflective practices. Most specifically, these workshops focused on building their cognition, affection, and behavior about reflective practices. The Purposive s ling technique was used to select 20 elementary school teachers with at least 1.5 years’ experience in elementary school. After the workshop, participants spend two months of reflective teaching practices. Then, interviews with the participants were conducted, and data were collected until saturation occurred. The analysis of the data revealed that the teachers developed positive beliefs and feelings towards reflective practices, but they lacked in some areas of practice because of the school environment. Implications of the findings are also discussed.
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN PAKISTAN STUDIES TEXTBOOK: QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS
Publisher: Health Education Research Foundation (HERF)
Date: 30-09-2022
Abstract: The current study aimed to evaluate critical thinking skills included in the text-based exercise questions of the Pakistan Studies book at the secondary level. For this purpose, The Pakistan Studies textbook developed by the Punjab Text Book Board was analyzed. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the textbook based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy levels as well as nine pre-determined categories of Socratic questions. Categories from both types depict questions about critical thinking skills developed among the learners. It was found that text-based questions of Pakistan Studies were not conducive to the development of critical thinking skills among students. Just one question fell under critical thinking skills among all. Moreover, based on analytical categories, there was little inclination toward questions of clarification. On the other hand, there was no representation of any other category. Therefore, it is recommended that the textbook writers need focus on critical-thinking questions on text-based by the textbook writers to produce critical thinker citizens at the secondary level. Keywords: Critical Thinking, Pakistan Studies, Qualitative Content Analysis, Secondary School, Textbook Analysis
Transgender Students' Experiences of Bullying: Some Case Study Evidence
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GPR.2022(VII-II).09
Abstract: This phenomenological case study research explored the bullying experiences of transgender students in educational institutes.For this purpose, two participants were selected through snowball s ling who had a minimum of 16 years of education from different educational institutes in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a within-case analysis was done. Both transgender students identified their gender as contrary to the gender assigned at birth, which affected them adversely, and they had to go through different experiences and issues as compared to cisgender students.Due to gender identity, transgender students faced different types of bullying (verbal, non-verbal, physical and sexual) in different places(classes or corridors, playgrounds, washrooms, hostels and social media or cyberspace), which led to serious consequences (depression,hiding gender identity, missing school or classes and others). Implementation of training to sensitize students and teachers about transgender students to promote exclusivity, equity, ersity, and in discrimination is recommended.
Working Girls' Education and Life Goals: A Multiple Case Study of Mothers' Perspectives
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GSR.2022(VII-I).10
Abstract: Poverty and illiteracy are two major socio-economic issues plaguing Pakistan's growth. Despite many efforts, getting an education for working children has always been a tough task. Children who have mastered that skill manage their professions, phase, and lives efficiently. It is necessary to comprehend the perspectives of the mothers of working girls in order to understand how and to what degree these characteristics influence their schooling and aspirations in life. This multiple case study also aids in showcasing the issues along with identifying comparable and disparate trends among those five cases. The research findings clearly highlight that there is a strong dedication to education, with four out of five instances stating that they have a good chance of achieving their objectives. Besides various hardships and financial problems, parents are willing to support their daughters' education and understand that education can help their girls achieve a bright future.
Understanding Academic Motivation of High Achieving Students with Hearing Impairment in Higher Education: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 20-06-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GSR.2021(VI-II).03
Abstract: This study explored the factors that motivate students with hearing impairment (HI) to excel academically at the university level. The study incorporated a qualitative research design. Purposive s ling was used to select ten students with HI from a private university in Lahore. All the participants were engaged in face-to-face in-depth interviews with the help of a sign language interpreter to gather the information. The findings of the study showed almost all the participants of the study were externally motivated, aiming at achieving contingent rewards. They seemed more interested in receiving external rewards (external regulation), or the influence from their families or universities have made them internalized the significance of their academic pursuits (introjected regulation), or they had chosen to identify with the value of education provided to them by family, teachers or others (identified regulation). Intrinsic motivation leads to creativity and high-quality learning universities must spark intrinsic motivation among their students, and students with HI are no exception to that.
Character Building of Students: Private Secondary School Principals' Perceptions and Practices
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2021(VI-I).11
Abstract: Principals play an important role in preparing self-reliant and benevolent students who become lifelong learners, contribute to their nation, and serve society as ethical citizens. Strong character based on desirable moral values can heighten our lives exceedingly. Whilst weak or poor character can have disastrous effects on us as humanity is going through the complexities of the 21st century at social, economic, and in idual levels. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview design to explore the perceptions and practices of principals from ten private schools of Lahore regarding students' character building. This was done using a purposefully selected s le and a self-constructed semi-structured interview guide. The analysis of the data revealed that most of the principals considered the central purpose of education is to groom students' whole personalities according to the Islamic moral values considering them as the universally beneficial virtues. Research outcomes provided us with the information about principals' practices used in secondary schools from a conducive environment to the curriculum, helping in cultivating a community of virtue. This study's findings related to the formation of students' characters can be beneficial for society, policymakers, school administration, parents, teachers, and learners.
Dwelling Possibilities: Career Perceptions of Single Women at Mid-Career in Education Sector of Pakistan
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 20-03-2021
DOI: 10.36902/RJSSER-VOL2-ISS1-2021(390-401)
Abstract: This research study explores the perceptions of single women at their mid-career stage in the education sector of Pakistan. The Kaleidoscope Career Model (KCM) has been used as a theoretical framework to interpret the research data gathered through semi-structured interviews with five participants (single women) working in public and private sector educational institutes in Pakistan. The interviews covered four main aspects, out of which three aspects were borrowed from KCM (Balance, Authenticity, and Challenge) and an additional aspect of Perceived Organizational Support (POS). The result of the study supported all four aspects. Data gathered on these four aspects reflect five major themes (satisfaction, balance, challenge, development, and support) that were common in the responses of all participants. This research provides useful insights and an in-depth understanding of single women’s mid-career perceptions in Pakistan’s education sector in a male-dominated society.
Infusing cultural diversity into Pakistan Studies textbooks: An analysis of textbooks and teachers’ perspectives
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 29-11-2020
Addressing Social Justice and Cultural Identity in Pakistani Education : a Qualitative Content Analysis of Curriculum Policy
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2019
Critical Thinking Skills Development: Secondary School Science Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL4-ISS2-2021(21-30)
Abstract: This multiple case study aimed to develop an understanding of science teachers’ interpretations and enacted practices about policy documents’ recommendations for developing critical thinking skills among secondary students in public schools. Four public secondary schools were selected through the purposive s ling technique. Data were collected in three different phases. First, four education policy documents, including National Education Policy (2009) and National Curriculum for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology Grades IX-X (2006), were analyzed. In the second phase, 12 science teachers from four public schools (3 from each school teaching Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) were interviewed. Besides, these 12 science teachers were observed (every six times) while teaching in a real-life context through video-recorded classroom observations and reflective field notes. With the facilitation of NVivo 11, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from all sources. The findings revealed that critical thinking was emphasized in all policy documents, and different pedagogical practices for developing critical thinking were suggested to be used in science classrooms. Analysis of interview data revealed that teachers had some awareness about critical thinking. Furthermore, the classroom observations revealed that they were mainly using the lecture method with some other pedagogies without focusing on critical thinking. A top-down change is also recommended for the implementation of the policies. The assessment system might also be revised, focusing on critical thinking skills development.
Perspectives of Working Children on their Education and Life Goals: A Case Study
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 26-12-2020
DOI: 10.36902/RJSSER-VOL1-ISS4-2020(122-132)
Abstract: Despite several interventions from the public, private and NGO sectors, the sustainability of education for working children has always been a challenge in Pakistan. Setting life goals is the first step towards achieving them, and setting life goals itself is a life skill, not possessed by everyone. Children who possess this valuable skill tend to perform better in managing their careers, time, and life. A framework proposed by Cassandra Massey quite explicitly explains the various factors that working children need to consider and focus on while pursuing their life goals. It comprises eight attributes, including Self-care, Relationships, Money, Personal development, Home-life, Community, Passions, and Work-life. It is essential to know-how and to what extent these attributes affect the education and life goals of working children to understand their perspectives. The multiple case study research design was used in this study to illustrate the issue and getting similar and contrasting patterns from responses of the five cases. Findings from all five case studies that there exists a high determination and commitment towards education, and 4 out of 5 cases expressed there are high chances for them to be able to achieve their life goals. Based on findings various implications are discussed.
Challenges Faced by Students with Low Vision in Preparing for their Public Exams: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2021(VI-III).05
Abstract: Students with low vision often face problems during their academic careers. The study main purpose was to identify the challenges faced by the students with low vision in preparing for their public exams. The researcher developed a semi-structured interview for data collection from students with low vision. The thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The present study revealed that the majority of the students with low vision had no access to learning material and supportive services. It was found that insufficient government support in terms of budget, inadequate policies, and built environments hinder students with low vision in preparing for their exams hence, most respondents depend on others to complete their assignments. Also, non-supportive physical environments are adding much to their mobility issues. Participants detailed description in this study will guide school administration, policymakers, examiners, services providers, and parents.
The Influence of Parent-Teacher Meetings on Early Childhood Students' Academic Performance: Prospective Teachers' Perceptions
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GSSR.2021(VI-II).18
Abstract: Parent-teacher meetings (PTM) play an integral role in a child's education. The importance of PTM is even more critical for Early childhood Education (ECE). ECE is not a novice concept in Pakistan however, parents have only realized now that learning during early childhood goes beyond the walls of the classrooms and can only realize its full potential if parents are actively participating in their children's education. Therefore, PTM is the time when parents and teachers can collaborate to work for the education of the children. The current study explores the prospective teachers' perceptions of PTMs and their influence on ECE students' performance. The data were gathered from seven participants through an open-ended, semi-structured interview guide. The analysis concluded that prospective teachers had a good understanding of PTMs processes and generally had a positive attitude toward them. Prospective teachers also believed that PTMs positively influence students' academic performance.
Primary Students' Online Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic: Perspective of Mothers
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GRR.2022(VII-II).19
Abstract: This study aims to explore parental involvement in primary students' online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used a phenomenological qualitative research design. A purposive s ling technique was used to collect data, and nine mothers whose children were studying online participated in the study. Thematic analysis revealed that shifting from regular learning to online learning was not easy. Mothers mentioned that they did not find online learning effective for primary students. They were of the view that online learning was not catering to their children's intellectual and social development needs. The managing of children's schedules was demanding, and mothers had to change their routines. Creating a proper learning environment for children was another challenge.Participants shared some suggestions to improve online learning.
Higher-order thinking: An analysis of the prescribed versus tested Curricula in private secondary schools in Pakistan
Publisher: Science Impact Publishers
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.52223/JSSA22-030308-44
Abstract: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are incorporated in books to enhance students’ critical thinking. It is essential to know the level of HOTS offered in the prescribed curriculum and the extent to which it is covered in exams. This study analyses the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) introduced in the prescribed curriculum and tested in the exams. The study used a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze each chapter’s Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) and exercises questions of the grade 8th science book to categorize the question statements in view of Bloom’s taxonomy and nine predetermined categories of Socratic questions. The results indicate that the prescribed curriculum has comparatively more emphasis on developing HOTS than the tested curriculum does. The book analysis showed that SLOs support HOTS incorporation, but exercise questions and Punjab Examination Commission (PEC) exams tend towards Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS). Book exercises and exams should be improved and aligned with SLOs to incorporate HOTS in students. Moreover, book and exam criteria need to be revised to enhance higher-order thinking skills in students.
Teaching in a Polarized Islamic Society: A Phenomenological Study of the Christian School Teachers in the Gujrat City
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GRR.2021(VI-III).05
Abstract: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is also home to other religious minorities. Since Independence, these minorities have played a significant role in serving the nation through different professions, and teaching is one of them. Yet, there is a growing concern regarding how well and respectfully they are accommodated in a Muslim majority society. This phenomenological research study explores the perspectives of Christian teachers concerning their difficulties in dealing with students and parents of different religions and their support needs. Ten teachers were purposively selected for semi-structured interviews. Content analysis revealed that although most teachers were satisfied with working conditions and the behaviors of students and parents with them, few of them highlighted the issues of forced conversion to Islam and usage of derogatory language. Teachers also suggested that there is a need to change the mindset of the people through education, and the government should provide more opportunities to minorities.
Becoming an Effective Classroom Manager: Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of their Classroom Management Education and Self-Efficacy Beliefs
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL5-ISS3-2022(68-77)
Abstract: It is very important that preservice teachers are provided an effective classroom management education so that they can develop the knowledge, attitude, and practices expected from an effective classroom manager. This study explores the preservice teachers’ perceptions of their classroom management education. This is a qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenology research design. Eleven participants from a private university were interviewed using a semi-structured interview tool. The findings suggest that preservice teachers are provided with multiple skills, from emotional support to moral reinforcement and ersity management, so that they can become skillful classroom managers. The significance of preservice teachers, their training, and different aspects of how a classroom should be, have been discussed in the research. Overall, it’s qualitative research, and it elaborates on preservice teachers’ perceptions of multiple domains of classroom management education in an education department.
Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GSSR.2022(VII-II).33
Abstract: Global citizenship entails in iduals having an immaculate sense of duty towards the benefit of all societies and just not to their own. This qualitative study explored the beliefs of 16 pre-service teachers about global citizenship, its impact on secondary school students, the framework of action they intend to use in cultivating global citizenship, and the strategic involvement of stakeholders in cultivating global citizenship among secondary school students. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers,though they had a limited understanding of the concept, believed that global citizenship education might foster critical thinking, decision making, and problem-solving skills among the students, thus making it crucial for teachers, policymakers, and curriculum developers to harness curriculum and skills for publishing the concept. We argue that pre-service teachers should be provided in-depth awareness about global citizenship and understanding of the strategies to cultivate global citizenship so that they can effectively encourage this among secondary school students
Innovative Teaching and Technology Integration: Exploring Elderly Teachers’ Attitudes
Publisher: International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning
Date: 11-02-2020
Abstract: To stay current in this dynamic age, innovation and adaptability is not only considered a key to success, rather it is deemed a significant tool of survival. The field of education has metamorphosed with the shift of focus from teachers’ teaching to students’ learning. This change implies that teachers consistently update their practices and innovate in order to meet the needs of students with erse skills. With the introduction of student-centred classrooms, project based learning, practical discovery and technological integration, the traditional lecture methods and the idea of passive students is becoming obsolete. However, the attitude of teachers towards innovation varies. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes of elderly teachers towards innovative teaching strategies. This study used qualitative phenomenological study method and criterion s ling technique to select four participants aged 45 years and above. Data were gathered through a self-constructed semi structured interview guide containing three dimensions. Phenomenological data analysis of these three dimensions showed the presence of some cognitive, behavioural and affective resistance to change among teachers. Therefore, it is suggested that certain aspects of training and guidance need to be provided to elderly teachers in order to make the process of innovation easy to adopt.
Towards “Operating Within” the Field: Doctoral Students’ Views of Supervisors’ Discipline Expertise
Publisher: Informing Science Institute
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.28945/3641
Abstract: Aim/Purpose: This paper considers the role of supervisors’ discipline expertise in doctoral learning from a student perspective. Background: Doctoral students need to develop expertise in a particular field of study. In this context, developing expertise requires doctoral students to master disciplinary knowledge, conventions and scholarship under the guidance of supervisors. Methodology : The study draws on a mixed-method approach, using an online survey and semi-structured interviews conducted with doctoral students. Contribution: The paper brings to the fore the role of supervisors’ discipline expertise on doctoral students’ research progress. Findings: The survey data suggest that doctoral students nominate their supervisors on the basis of their discipline expertise. They also view supervisors’ expertise as key to the development of ‘insider’ knowledge of their doctoral research. Recommendations for Practitioners: Supervisors play a pivotal role in helping doctoral students overcome intellectual barriers by imparting their discipline knowledge as well as balancing satisfactory doctoral completion rate and high quality student experience. Impact on Society : Doctoral supervision equips doctoral students with the right arsenal to be able to competently operate within their field and prepares them for their future research or professional career that demands a high level of discipline expertise. Future Research: The scope of the findings leaves open a discussion about the experiences of doctoral students matched with non-discipline expert supervisory teams for ex le, the extent of the mismatch and its ramifications.
The Lived Experiences in Learning Qualitative Research: An Exploratory Analysis of Muffled Voices
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2022(VII-I).27
Abstract: Building and strengthening research skills in students is the immanent credo of postgraduate research studies in Pakistan. The downside is the stereotypical approach to conducting research and an urge for generalization that thwart students from learning contemporary paradigms. Thus contravening the probability of their excellence in all the other prevailing paradigms. This research study, wherefore,has its focuses on exploring students’ experiences of learning qualitative research approach. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview guide, in interviews with 10 students of the qualitative research approaches course enrolled in the MPhil degree program of a private university in Lahore. The data analysis revealed that studying this comparatively less common but emerging approach in Pakistan has challenged their fast-held beliefs and has provided them with a fresh perspective.Findings also revealed that a more practical, field-bound approach provides students with the underpinning knowledge required to complete their course and thesis successfully. Nevertheless, students struggled to grasp the concepts of reliability and validity of qualitative research studies, underscoring the significance of ethical practices.
The Challenges of Undertaking Citizenship Education Research in Pakistan
Publisher: SensePublishers
Date: 2016
Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Prospective Teachers Regarding Classroom Management: Evidence from Two Case Studies
Publisher: Science Impact Publishers
Date: 30-08-2022
Abstract: Self-efficacy beliefs play an important role in the development of prospective teachers as effective classroom managers. The purpose of this study was to explore the self-efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers regarding classroom management. This study used a qualitative case study research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with two prospective teachers studying in the teacher training program at a public university. They were selected through purposive s ling. Additionally, data were analyzed using the within-the-case analysis technique. The data analysis revealed that prospective teachers have strong efficacy beliefs regarding classroom management. They were more passionate and enthusiastic about teaching. However, one participant was not confident in implementing strategies related to ersity. Though this is a small-scale study comprising of only two brief case studies, it is hoped that the participants’ detailed descriptions in this study will provide some guidance to school principals, administrations, curriculum developers, teacher trainers, and policymakers.
Classroom Management Challenges and Administrative Support in Elementary Schools: Experiences of Novice Public-School Teachers
Publisher: University of Management and Technology
Date: 23-12-2020
DOI: 10.32350/UER.32.02
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore classroom management challenges that novice teachers experienced in their early years of profession. Moreover, this study explored the administrative support novice teachers received from school administration concerning classroom management. We drew on interview data to explore novice teachers' experiences who had less than three years of experience during their first job in public elementary schools. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a purposive s le of ten novice teachers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the experiences of novice teachers. The analysis came up with four themes: Responsive administration, helping hands, struggling with workload, and supportive principal.The study's findings revealed that most of the teachers faced over-crowded classes and a high workload in their initial time. Most of the teachers had received support from the administration however, the administration was helpless regarding many challenges that the novice teachers faced in their early years. Many administrators did not help the novice teachers’ deal with over-crowded classrooms, the extra workload in the form of periods per week, and the management of students' behaviors.
Instructional Effectiveness in History Classrooms: An Analysis of Students’ Perceptions of Instructional Practices of University Teachers
Publisher: International Journal of Innovation in Teaching and Learning
Date: 30-06-2021
Abstract: This qualitative case study was conducted to explore the perceptions of History research students about the effectiveness of instructional practices of university teachers. This study assumes that research students are active stakeholders and keen observers, so they perceive their teachers’ professionalism very deeply. All students who had completed their coursework and were working on their research work at the MPhil level in the Department of History at a public university were selected to conduct this study. An interview guide was constructed to collect the data, which included three significant dimensions: students’ engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 students who volunteered to participate in the study. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings of the study suggest that most students perceived that teachers used a variety of techniques to motivate the students who showed low interest in the class. Moreover, they perceived that the instructional strategies of teachers were erse, catering to various learning styles of students. However, students also perceived that some teachers had discouraging behaviour on students’ questioning and also waste class time gossiping with students due to lack of proper planning. It seems there is a need to develop mechanisms for the professional development of faculty members. In addition, there is a need to find ways to motivate teachers to bring effectiveness to their instruction in higher education classrooms. Keywords: Students’ Engagement, Instructional Strategies, Classroom Management, Instructional Practices, History Education, Students’ Perceptions
Some challenges in teaching citizenship in an Islamic context: Pakistan Studies teachers’ perspectives and practices in relation to teaching about identity
Publisher: Intellect
Date: 09-2017
Abstract: In Pakistan, the school subjects of Social Studies, Civics and Pakistan Studies are explicitly used to construct Pakistani national identity and young people’s sense of citizenship. This article draws upon interviews with 27 Pakistan Studies teachers from a town in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The interviews aimed to explore the teachers’ perceptions and teaching practices with respect to teaching about regional, national and global identity content within the area of Pakistan Studies. The research found that in seeking to reconcile conflicting binary policy discourses most of the teachers continued to subscribe to relatively traditional pedagogical practices constrained by an examination system that overwhelmingly assesses students’ knowledge of textbook content. Most of the teachers had more inclination towards developing students’ national identity based upon Sunni Islamic values rather than multi-layered identities, reflecting more localized cultural ersity or global outlooks and viewpoints.
Influence of Virtual Professional Development on Teachers' Online Classroom Management Practices: An Interview Study
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2022(VII-I).23
Abstract: This study aimed to explore the influence of virtual professional training on teachers' online classroom management practices. Five teachers teaching at an early years branch of a reputed private school in Lahore were selected through purposive s ling employing the criterion s ling technique.The study is qualitative, incorporating a hermeneutic phenomenology research design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Thematic analysis was done to extract findings. The study concluded that prompt, professional training of the teachers provides confidence, updates their knowledge and pedagogies, introduces them to the latest techniques and strategies, and improves their management skills. Teachers, therefore, are needed to be trained well before time, keeping in mind the changing dynamics of the education sector.
Effectively Dealing with Bullying in Elite Schools: Principals' Perceptions and Practices
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GSR.2021(VI-III).01
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore principals' perceptions and practices to deal with students who show disruptive and aggressive behavior in schools by using qualitative research methods. The conceptual framework of the study was based on six different approaches to effectively deal with bullying in educational institutions. A basic qualitative research design was used, and twelve elite school principals were selected through the purposive s ling technique. The framework analysis of the interview data revealed that principals' understanding of what could be done to address bullying was not limited. They were well acquainted with the alternatives or options to deal with a problematic situation, and they creatively mixed different approaches according to their own perceptions and the nature of the problem. However, most of the participants dealt with students while strengthening their confidence and making them independent through counselling techniques.
English Language Teachers' Attitudes towards Instructional Policy in Public Secondary Schools: An Interview Study
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2021(VI-I).03
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore secondary school English teachers' attitudes towards English language instructional policy as given in the official English language curriculum documents. This study intended to understand teachers' attitudes by exploring their beliefs, feelings, and practices constituting their attitudes. This study used a qualitative semi-structured interview research design, and a purposive s ling technique was used to recruit 15 secondary English language teachers from different public schools of Lahore, having at least three years of experience. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. The analysis of the data revealed a gap between teachers' beliefs, feelings, and practices. Teachers believed that all proposed methods worth using, and they felt that the methods were beneficial for teaching English at the secondary level. However, the situation was quite different concerning practices. Discussion and cooperative learning strategies were the most preferred methods to use besides the lecture method at the secondary level. Teachers also described the factors which hinder the use of all policy recommended methods.
Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Pre-Service Teachers Regarding Online Teaching
Publisher: International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning
Date: 14-01-2021
DOI: 10.36261/IJDEEL.V6I1.1421
Abstract: Technological advancement in the rapidly changing world of work demands its use in every field, including education. In the current scenario, online education is the new normal. Therefore, future teachers should be aware of multiple instructional strategies and suitable ways of using technology to assist in the development of 21st-century skills in learners. Keeping this fact into consideration, this study aims to explore the self-efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers regarding online teaching. The technological pedagogical content knowledge framework was employed to understand and describe the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers for effective pedagogical practice in a technology-enhanced learning environment. Through the use of phenomenological case study design, this research investigates the self-efficacy level, understanding, and expectations of futureteachers regarding effective online teaching. Koehler and Mishra’s TPACK framework and Bandura’s self-efficacy theory were used as the conceptual underpinnings of semi-structured interviews conducted with five pre-service teachers enrolled in a teacher education program. The study found a high level of self-efficacy perceived by pre-service teachers. Also, pre-service teachers were confident in using the TPACK framework for online teaching. The study suggests the use of technology-based materials in the courses of teacher education related to technology integration for enhancing self-efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers regarding online teaching.
Critical Thinking Skills in a Secondary School Pakistan Studies Textbook: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 25-12-2020
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL3-ISS4-2020(84-95)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the critical thinking skills incorporated in text-based questions and tasks in the Pakistan Studies textbooks of secondary level. The Pakistan Studies textbook produced by the Punjab Textbook Board for ninth was analyzed using qualitative content analysis based on cognitive domains derived from six levels of revised Bloom's taxonomy. Moreover, the text-based questions were then analyzed by categorizing them under the nine pre-determined analytic categories of Socratic taxonomy. These categories depicted the questions that challenge the critical thinking skills of learners. The findings revealed that the text-based question incorporated in the selected textbook of Pakistan Studies was not conducive to developing critical thinking skills among students. Except for one question, none of the questions fell under higher-order thinking levels of revised Bloom's taxonomy. Furthermore, based on analytic categories, text-based questions showed a little inclination towards the questions of clarification, whereas none represented other categories. Therefore, textbook developers need to focus on the induction of critical thinking skills in the text-based questions and tasks of textbooks.
Elementary School Teachers' Perspectives on the Science Textbook
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2022(VII-III).03
Abstract: Within the school context, the goal of developing scientific literacy in students can be achieved if certain provisions such as quality textbooks are made accessible to students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the objectives and content of existing science textbooks through the perceptions of elementary science teachers. The assumption was that the teacher could better judge the objectives and content of the textbook. The study followed the quantitative approach to the research design. More specifically, survey research was used. Data were collected using convenient s ling techniques. The s le comprised science teachers (Seventy-one teachers from private schools and thirty teachers from public schools) of elementary level. A self-constructed five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data from elementary science teachers. The findings of the study show that the book, in its present form, does not fulfil the objectives of science. The weaknesses of the book are that it focuses only on covering the curriculum martial and ignores that content, which helps the students develop scientific literacy.
Elite School Students’ Perceptions of Human Rights: An Interview Study
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 20-03-2021
DOI: 10.36902/RJSSER-VOL2-ISS1-2021(402-413)
Abstract: Since independence, Pakistan has been struggling to deal with its two focal phenomena. One is the culture of elite governance whereby precious chosen few can influence all societal and administrative segments of the country, and the second related to the issues in the realization of human rights. The realization of fundamental, social, cultural, and political rights depends upon how the ruling elites perceive it. Keeping in view the scenario, this qualitative study was set to explore the perceptions of elite students regarding status and issues in the realization of human rights in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five purposely selected students from elite schools. Thematic analysis revealed that most students have a superficial understanding of human rights. Though they believed that hierarchies, corruption, religious extremism, and nepotism should come to an end for the beginning of a just society, their discourse held class interest. Transparency, accountability, and good governance were not stressed. A society with equal human rights requires participation by elites which is characterized by a greater sense of social justice, humanity, responsibility, and accountability.
Teachers' Critical Reflective Practice in the Context of Online Teaching: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL5-ISS3-2022(78-89)
Abstract: This study aims to find out how online teaching is improved through critical reflection. The current study is a qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenology research design. Using semi-structured interviews, the researcher accessed the participants’ world of the lived experience and their interpretations of these experiences. Purposive s ling was used to collect data from 10 research participants from different schools in Lahore. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. The data analysis revealed a gap in the practical implementation of critical reflection among teachers to improve their teaching. Few teachers used critical reflection to identify the deficits and strengths of their teaching to enhance online pedagogy. It has been concluded that teachers need to be fully aware of its usefulness. The study suggests that critical reflection should be added to teacher training programs and made mandatory for all teachers.
Bullying in Universities: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Students with Special Needs
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 10-03-2021
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL4-ISS1-2021(388-397)
Abstract: Bullying has been known as an extensive, persistent, and severe problem in educational institutions across the globe. Despite the research studies on bullying in recent years, most of the research directly focused on its multiple slants and characteristics among students without special needs (SN). Besides, few research studies are known about bullying in universities and its dimensions in the population of students with SN receiving support provision. In light of the above, the present study explored the students’ lived experiences related to bullying and victimization getting an education in universities with peers without SN. The s le of this phenomenological study consisted of 10 participants with SN attending university education. Semi-structured interviews were used as a research method for data collection. All participants shared negative experiences of bullying in universities while studying with students without SN.
Developing Secondary School Teachers’ Positive Attitude towards Reflective Teaching: A Collaborative Action Research Study
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 25-12-2020
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL3-ISS4-2020(43-53)
Abstract: The purpose of this collaborative action research study was to develop reflective teaching practice through focus group discussions as a form of reflection conversations with nine chosen secondary school teachers in a private school. For data collection, two self-constructed open-ended questionnaires were used in this study: one before the focus group discussions and the second after the focus group discussions. Focus group discussions were held with teachers teaching English language, Urdu language, Science, Social Studies, Pakistan Studies. Focus group discussions were audiotaped and then transcribed for coding and thematic analysis. Based on that analysis, certain inferences were finalized. Professional development experience was found to be useful as participants accepted this new concept of reflective teaching with alacrity both for their development and the development of their students as well. Most of the participants described reflective teaching as beneficial to analytical skills as due this they could analyze performance and determine to be better in the future. In addition, they were of the view that it could also help develop the analytical skills of students. It is hoped that the participants’ detailed descriptions in this study will guide the selected school towards enhancing the performance of teachers in the form of better learning goals and students’ grooming so that they could be well prepared for a higher level of education and then professional education in the long run.
Writing a Doctoral Dissertation: A Qualitative Study of Education Doctoral Students' Perceptions
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GSR.2021(VI-I).05
Abstract: For doctoral students, dissertation writing is an important stage in their completion of the degree. They might face several problems during this stage. The aim of the current qualitative study was to explore doctoral students' perceptions of dissertation writing. Ten participants were selected through a purposive s ling technique from the education department of a private university in Lahore, Pakistan. An interview guide was constructed in light of the research objectives and literature review. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The findings of the study revealed language barriers, insufficient academic writing skills, inadequate supervisory support, and personal factors as problems faced by doctoral students during their dissertation writing. It is recommended that an academic writing course should be offered during coursework. Moreover, effective supervisory support should be ensured at the dissertation writing stage. The concerned department should facilitate and solve the problems of doctoral students during their write-up stage.
Engaging Instructions in History Classrooms: Exploring University Teachers' Perceptions and Practices
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GSSR.2021(VI-III).05
Abstract: This interview study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices of the university teachers regarding student engagement in History & Pakistan Studies classrooms. Data were collected from four PhD professors from a public sector university. A qualitative research design was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was done to extract findings from the qualitative data. The finding is arranged into three themes, i.e., student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. The finding suggested that teachers use different strategies and practices to improve student engagement. Moreover, teachers used different practices to make their classes interesting. It is reported that having a cordial teacher-student relationship is beneficial for enhancing student engagement level and overall performance at the postgraduate level of education. Effective classroom management plays a significant role in creating a positive learning environment for engaging instruction.
Islamic Habitus in English Language Textbooks Produced by Boards in Pakistan
Publisher: University of Management and Technology
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.32350/JITC.101.16
Abstract: The textbook is an important and powerful tool used by the state to reproduce the social and cultural habits of a group, most often, of the majority group’s social and cultural imaginations. The habitus produces and instills the world-view about society, the social and cultural values that a state valorized and would like pupils to internalize and make it part of their world-view. This study analyzes the English textbook published by the state textbook boards (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh) for the academic year 2018-2019 for pupils of classes four to eight. The textbook content was analyzed using the Qualitative Content Analysis method. The content of 15 textbooks was digitized (scanned and made readable) to electronically categorized the text into categories using Nvivo 12 Plus software. The analysis revealed that the content is focused on developing and promoting Islamic habitus through stories weaved around family, making it a core component of a Muslim country. The family members practiced Islamic values, social and cultural, not only through their everyday lives at home, in school, and at other public places but also within their community through the celebration of cultural and religious festivals. The textbooks presented the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his family’s life as an ideal life to be lead by all, whether Muslims or non-Muslims. The textbook highlighted the ‘good,’ the ‘bad,’ valorizing the former and stigmatizing the latter to encourage pupils to develop an Islamic world-view. The textbooks fail to look into the micro-level national habitus, that is, portraying the habitus of its minorities, ethnic and religious, as the content did not integrate their habitus into the national habitus of Pakistan, making it the habitus of the majority. The current fast globalizing world needed to be presented to pupils a world-view, and this required, broadening the scope of textbook content to make it reflective of true Pakistani habitus aligned and rooted in the humane global world-view.
Stress and Burnout: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of Elite School Teachers Beliefs and Experiences
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GSR.2022(VII-II).13
Abstract: This study explored the beliefs of elite school teachers concerning the effect of students' behavior on teachers' stress and burnout in an elite school. It also aimed to find out the perceptions of elite school teachers about organizational climate inducing teachers' stress and burnout. This study used an interpretive phenomenological research design to get an insight into the lived experiences of stress and burnout elite schoolteachers face. A criterion s ling technique was used to select a s le of fifteen teachers employed in an elite school in Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to get a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of elite school teachers. The thematic cross-case analysis revealed that most teachers experience-work stress and burnout. Some of the major stressors for teachers were administrative conflicts, collegial issues,excessive workload, lack of appreciation, and organizational environment. Students' disruptive behavior is the most significant predictor of teacher stress and exhaustion. It has been concluded that teachers need to have a properly articulated policy that could possibly protect their rights.
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH THROUGH PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF HIGHER EDUCATION FACULTY IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN LAHORE
Publisher: Health Education Research Foundation (HERF)
Date: 30-06-2023
Abstract: The main purpose of the current study was to analyse the perceptions of Higher Education Faculty’s (HEFs) perceptions of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) as a means of professional growth. HEFs’ responses to PLCs and their professional growth via PLCs were explored in depth. It was a qualitative study with a phenomenology study method. Five higher education faculty members (Male = 2, Female = 3) were selected through a purposive s ling technique from a private university in Lahore. A semi-structured interview guide was developed for the collection of data. The participants were face to face interviewed. For the data analysis, thematic analysis was performed, and themes were explained considering participants’ responses. HEFs were aware of professional learning communities. HEFs were discovered to have a positive perception of PLC and explained how active collaboration with colleagues helped them grow professionally. It is recommended that higher education organisational leaders should implement PLCs to help the faculty grow professionally as ultimately, it will enhance the quality of students’ learning. Keywords: Professional Learning Communities, Higher Education, Higher Education Faculty of Pakistan, Professional Growth.
Principals’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs about Managing Bullying Cases in Secondary Schools
Publisher: Sir Syed College of Education
Date: 08-03-2021
DOI: 10.36902/SJESR-VOL4-ISS1-2021(338-349)
Abstract: School education is termed as the foundation that has the whole life of the child dependent upon. Schools are expected to be at par with the latest educational trends, shaping the students' personalities by mitigating the adversities of life yet contemplating skills needed to succeed in life later on. For the very same reason, modern schools ensure an overall environment conducive to the overall development of children. Several factors can hinder the process, among which bullying in schools has become the major concern. School principals have the encumbrance to maintain a hassle-free environment and an uninterrupted teaching-learning process in school. The study, therefore, sought to explore the efficacy beliefs of the principal to deal effectively with bullies while interplaying with different paradigms of bullying management. The theoretical framework was nested in the six approaches presented by Rigby as in Traditional Disciplinary Approach, Strengthening the Victim, Mediation, Restorative Justice, The Support Group Method, and the Shared Concern Approach. A Phenomenological research design was used, and seven principals of schools in Lahore were selected as participants of the study through purposive s ling. A self-constructed, semi-structured interview guide was used as the basic data collection tool. The obtained data were interpreted to meaningful information in relevance to the study by using profiling and then the reflexive thematic analysis technique. Findings revealed that participants are well aware of the concept of bullying, its types, and the adversities associated with bullying. Most of them have devised their hybrid systems to counter bullying in their schools. However, strengthening the victim was found to be the approach the participants feel most efficacious to work with. They regard it fruitful and rewarding in terms of the outcome.
An imagined space with an imagined time: Analysis of English language textbooks used in state schools in Pakistan
Publisher: Intellect
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1386/CTL_00092_1
Abstract: English textbooks in Pakistan are an important tool used by the state to construct pupils’ imagination of the time and space of the Indian sub-continent, Islam, Muslims and non-Muslims. This study used the qualitative content analysis method and analysed fifteen English textbooks produced by the state-managed institutions and provincial textbook boards. The analysis revealed Islam as the foundation of the imagination of time and space of Pakistan. This imagination of Pakistan found in textbooks negated the plurality of Pakistani society as the textbook authorities did not give any space to the minority groups (religious, ethnic and cultural) living in Pakistan. This study recommends that the textbook authorities include the often-ignored minority groups in the textbook discourses because the majority of pupils form their world-views and construct their imagination of Pakistan, its people and the world through these textbooks, which contribute to pupils’ construction of their national and cultural identity.
Managing Group Work in the Social Studies Classrooms in Elite Schools: An Analysis of Teacher's Beliefs and Practices
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.31703/GESR.2022(VII-II).30
Abstract: Teaching students and managing their performances is a challenging task, and there are several ways to manage them. When students are grouped, their performance is much more fruitful and productive, but managing them is difficult. This research aims to find social studies teacher perspectives regarding managing group work in the elite school classroom. This study incorporated a qualitative phenomenological research design to explore social studies teachers' challenges when managing group work in their class. Purposive s ling was used to collect data from elite school social studies teachers.Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the beliefs of elite school teachers regarding group work.The study's findings suggest that group work is a general and rich approach often used by social studies teachers in elite schools. Social studies teachers face many challenges in managing group work.Moreover, students also complain about their dissatisfaction with their group members. However, it is also noted that group work increases efficiency and productivity in students and makes the classroom an interactive place to study.
Effectively Managing Classroom: A Case Study of Four Novice Elementary Teachers in Private Schools
Publisher: Humanity Only - HO
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.31703/GSSR.2021(VI-III).08
Abstract: This study explored the lived experiences of novice elementary school teachers with respect to classroom management. This study used a phenomenological case study research design. Four novice elementary school teachers struggling with classroom management were selected from private elementary schools in Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit the lived experiences of the participants. All interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed for conducting a qualitative content analysis of the data. The analysis revealed that novice teachers faced various challenges in managing their class�and used multiple pedagogical techniques to handle day-to-day classroom issues. Usually, a new teacher is highly dependent on the support and help from the school management irony, however, is that they seldom receive any. This study contributes to contextual knowledge related to the issues and needs of novice private elementary school teachers at the start of their careers.
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